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Form No. 10-306 (Rev 10-74) UNIThDSTATLSDLPARTMhNTOFTHh INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR FEDERAL PROPERTIES DATA SHEET POfl NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED OATE ENTERED 3 1 1977 MAR n SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOWTO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS _______TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS_____ NAME HISTORIC , Cathrineberg^ Jockumsdahl^Herman Farm *•/(•• AND/OR COMMON Hammer Farm, Herman Farm_____________________________ LOCATION STREET & NUMBER . Cruz Bay-Quarter _NOT FOR PUBLICATION CITY. TOWN _St. John" 4 ( . , ^ .'I . i',, • CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT VICINITY OF Virgin Islands STATE f ! CODE COUNTY Virgin Islands " ^ 078 St. John CODE 0700 Q CLASSIFICATION CATEGORY XDISTRICT _ BUILDING(S) —STRUCTURE —SITE —OBJECT • OWNERSHIP ?LPUBLIC _ PRIVATE —BOTH PUBLIC ACQUISITION _ IN PROCESS —BEING CONSIDERED STATUS —OCCUPIED 5.UNOCCUPIED —WORK IN PROGRESS ACCESSIBLE —YES: RESTRICTED 5. YES: UNRESTRICTED —NO PRESENT USE _ AGRICULTURE _ COMMERCIAL —EDUCATIONAL —ENTERTAINMENT ^GOVERNMENT —INDUSTRIAL _ MILITARY —MUSEUM —PARK —PRIVATE RESIDENCE —RELIGIOUS —SCIENTIFIC —TRANSPORTATION —OTHER: AGENCY REGIONAL HEADQUARTERS: ll> fpplictblol Region, National Park Service STREET* NUMBER 184895 Phoenix Boulevard CITY. TOWN Atlanta STATE VICINITY OF Georgia LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDS.ETC Regjjatry of Deeds, Office of Lieutenant Governor STREET & NUMBER King Street, Government Hill ___________________________ CITY. TOWN Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas STATE Fir gin Islands 1 REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE Historic American Buildings Survey, Mill Tower, Hammer Farm DATE June 1973 XFEOERAL _STATE —COUNTY _LOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEYRECQRos Librarv of Congress CITY. TOWN Washington, D. C. STATE DESCRIPTION CONDITION. CHECK ONE CHECK ONE —EXCELLENT _DETERIORATED -^UNALTERED ^ORIGINAL SITE _GOOD X.RUINS —ALTERED _MOVED DATE __FAIR _UNEXPDSED DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE djl Hec -javfc Hammer Farm Plantation is located on the high relatively level plateau of the east center of St. John at an elevation of approximately 700 feet above sea level. The ruins of the former plantation buildings are grouped approximately 500 feet north of the Centerline Road, the Old Konge Vej, and contain most of the major components of a well developed sugar producing plantation. The most impressive feature of the site is the remains of a large an! unusual windmill tower. The site also includes a horsemill, a stable and expound area, a factory, a still and two unidentified structures. 1. Windmill Tower (H-4, 1) The windmill tower is a 37'6" high masonry truncated cone with an exterior diameter of 35 feet at the base and 22 feet at the crown. The tapering wall over 6 feet wide at grade level and 2 '5" at the top. A T shaped ramp supported on fill arid fire barrel vaults extends 33' southwest from the tower with the head of the T measuring 73 feet and provides access to the grinding floor of the windmill, the second level of the tower. The CBBter barrel vault that supports the stem of the T ramp also provides the passage to the grade level storage room of the mill, a chamber with a center column supporting a circular barrel vault. The mill had two additional levels sup- potted on wood beams and a wood superstructure, the cap, that carried the vanes of the: windmill and the driving- gear.- 1 The cap rotated on skids anchored in the crown of the masonry trunk. Only traces remain of former wood structure. Arched open- ings provided light to both the grade level room, its assess passage and to the grind- ing level. . ••:.•• ' '<• i: • I'l.-l < . ••i,i-- . • . . Significance: Second Order Recommended Treatment Preservation Preliminary Estimate $15, 000. 00 2. Horsemill (H-4, 2) The horsemill was as unusual in its construction as the windmill. It was a circular platform approximately 50 feet in diameter raised from 4' to 10' above surrounding grade and defined by a rubble masonry retaining wall. Its center was supported by a circular vaulted chamber accessible from the southeast from a vaulted passage. In the early fifties the horsemill was converted into a water storage tank by removing the vaulting of the center chamber, blocking the passage way and reinforcing and Page > of 3 pages El SIGNIFICANCE PERIOD _PREHISTORIC _1400-1499 _ 1500-1599 — 1600-1699 — 1700-1799 ?- 1800-1899 Xl900- AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE - CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOW —ARCHEOLOGY-PREHISTORIC ^-ARCHEOLOGY-HISTORIC ^AGRICULTURE XARCHITECTURE _ART —COMMERCE —COMMUNICATIONS —COMMUNITY PLANNING —CONSERVATION —ECONOMICS —EDUCATION —ENGINEERING — EXPLORATION/SETTLEMENT —INDUSTRY _INVENTION —LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE —LAW —LITERATURE _MILITARY —MUSIC _PHILOSOPHY —POLITICS/GOVERNMENT —RELIGION —SCIENCE —SCULPTURE —SOCIAL/HUMANITARIAN —THEATER —TRANSPORTATION —OTHER (SPECicvi SPECIFIC DATES BUILDER/ARCHITECT STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Second Order ... . . ., , Hammer Farm once known as Cathrineberg and Jockumsdahl, was parcelled out in 1719 and is known to have been under cultivation by the third decades of the 18th century as a sugar plantation. During its early years it was owned and operated by the families dbo&teDjti and Beverhout and for a 30 year period spanning 1800s by the Heyliger family, all families closely associated with the first settlement of St. Thomas and St. Croix and the early development of the Virgin Islands. It was a sugar estate through the 1700s and continued as such well into the nineteenth century. From 1870, and possibly as early as 1847, until the late 1930s it was a cattle farm and this was allowed to revert to bush. Its development history illustrates an agricultural land use pattern charac- teristic of all the Virgin Islands. While the factory and possible* some of the other plantation buildings date from the 18th century, the windmill tower and the present horsemill were constructed at an unknown date between 1800'and 1826. ; Both fcerswnws molkl as to type and have exceptional achitectural qualities. The horse mill in its altered state has lost many of its original features but still re- tains sufficient traces of its earlier appearance to make it of special interest. The windmill tower in addition to its unusual construction still exhibits the decorative finishes of the interior with its ingenious patterns in integral colored plaster. QMAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES Oxholm Survey of St. John 1780, National Archives, Copenhagen, Denmark Oxholm Map of St. John 1800, Library of Congress, Washington, D. C. Historic Structures Report on Windmills, Parti, 1965, F. C. Gjessing, Virgin Islands National Park, National Park Service UGEOGRAPHICAL DATA ACREAGE Of NOMINATED PROPERTY . UTM REFERENCES 15 A| , 1 1 1 , L ZONE EASTING c| , 1 1 1 , 1 VERBAL BOUNDARY Latitude NW 18°20'51" NE 4l8°20'5l' SE 18°20'45" SW 18°20'45" , , 1 1 , I , 1 , , I B| , 1 1 ,!.., |_^ NORTHING ZONE EASTING , , 1 1 , 1 , 1 , , 1 D| , I I I , I , DESCRIPTION Longitude 64°45'46" 64°45'36" 64°45'36" 64°45'46" LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR STATE STATE CODE . COUNTY CODE COUNTY •,,r'l • ! -1 1 ' 1 NORTHING _J 1 , 1 , LL_L! COUNTY BOUNDARIES CODE CODE FORM PREPARED BY NAME/TITLE Frederik C. G jessing. Architect ORGANIZATION Virgin Islands National Park DATE February, 1976 STREETS. NUMBER P. O. Box 806, Charlotte Amalie , TELEPHONE (809) 775-2050 CITY OR TOWN St. Thomas, STATE Virgin Islands CERTIFICATION OF NOMINATION STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER RECOMMENDATION NO___ NONExC2_ STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER SIGNATURE In compliance with Executive Order 11593. I hereby nominate this property tp the National Register, certifying that the State Historic Preservation Officer has been allowed a&TJays in which to present the nomination to the State Review Board and to evaluate its significance The evaluated level^Bj^i^ifica(nce/t^/__Jlational 1r Statp ^__Local. FEDERAL REPRESENTATIVE SIGNATUygy^^^^/T^^^^ MflY 2 5 TO7>_________________ TITLE DATE FOR NPS USE ONLY I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS PROPER IS INCLUDED IN THE NATIONAL REGISTER DATE A IN mui;i£K un' THE HSTIOH&II DATE S-/4-18 Form No 10-300a (fiev 10-741 UNITED STATES DtPARTMhNTOF THH INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONIY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED MAY 311977 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM ,DATE ENTERED_______MAR CONTINUATIONSHEETHammer Farm ITEM NUMBER H ~4' 2 PAGE 2_____________________ replastering the old walls of the interior. The surrounding retaining walls still stand to their full height. The horsemill is west of the windmill. Significance: Second Order Recommended Treatment Preservation Preliminary Cost Estimate $10, 000. 00 Latitude 18°20'48" Longitude 64°45'39" 3. Factory (H-4, 3) The factory is located south and downhillfecoihlfie horsemill. It is relatively small and its ruins azecbadly deteriorated. A rectangular boiling room with walls from 2' to 14" out of the ground is constructed in rubble masonry with brick lining of open- ings and corners. It contains recognizable remains of an elevated cistern, a boiling bench and a firing trench. Sections of foundation walls that at one time supported a wood structure adjoins the boiling room and probably contained the curing and stor- age facilities of the factory. Significance: Third Order Recommended Treatment Preservation Preliminary Cost Estimate $8, 000. 00 Latitude 18°20'48" Longi&feie 64°45'39" 4. Still (H-4,4) The remains of the still is located west and below the factory. It consists of the plastered rubble masonry walls of a cistern still standing in its original height and the severely fragmented and indistinct remains of the still proper*. Significance: Third Order Recommended Treatment Preservation Preliminary Estimate $3, 000. 00 Latitude 28°20'48" Long 64°45'39" Page 2 of 3 pages Form No 1fl-300a tfiev 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED MAY 31 1977 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM .DATE ENTERED______^:.\ :l..i IT'76 Hammer Farm H-4, 5 CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE'' 5. Stable and Oxpound (H-4, 5) The stable and expound are located north of the horsemill. It is a rectangular area demarked by the toppled remains of the former masonry enclosure walls with the standing rubble masonry walls of a stable located in the southwest corner of the enclosure. Significance: Second Order Preliminary Cost Estimate $4, 000. 00 Recommended Treatment Preservation Latitude 18°20'48" Longitude 64°45 I 39" 6. Unidentified Structure I (H-4, 6) The structure is a rectangular rubble masonry building approximately 12 by 16 feet. The walls stand from 1 to 5 feet out of the ground. Its location immediately west of the still indicates a possible use as a storage shed for the still, but it cannot be positively identified. Significance: Third Order Recommended Treatment Preservation Preliminary Cost Estimate $1, 500. 00 Latitude 18°20'48" Longitude 64°45'39" 7. Unidentified Structure II (H-4, 7) The masonry footings of this 8 by 12 foot structure are located approximately 40 feet northwest of H-4, 6. Its identity has not been established. Possibly it served as quarters and it may be part of the "village" of the plantation. Significance: Third Order Recommended Treatment Preservation Preliminary Cost Estimate $1, 000. 00 Latitude 18°20'48" Longitude 64°45'39" Page 3 of 3 pages , fe ^w,' <eyiw '-•%:?> k:-r:>.;-'&;,«*--J'£^4 V- *v t- "^V i4m-^£S**^---» Form No. 10-301a 0-7V) ' } UNJTED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NFS USE ONLY RECEIVED MAY 31-J977 DATE ENTERED SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS __________________TYPE ALL ENTRIES ENCLOSE WITH PHOTOGRAPH NAME HISTORIC Cathrineberg, Jockumsdal, Herman Farm AND/OR COMMON Hammer Farm, Herman Farm 0 LOCATION CITY, TOWN Cruz Bay Quarter ••' if VICINITY OF COUNTY St. John STATE Virgin Islands PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTO CREDIT F> c< cjessing NEGATIVE FILED AT . Virgin Islands National Park DATE OF PHOTO October, 1973 IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW. DIRECTION. ETC IF DISTRICT. GIVE BUILDING NAME & STREET Windmill Tower viewed from the east Hr4, 1. PHOTO NO. i of 7 Form No 10-301a (?ev.10-7-f) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NFS USE ONLY RECEIVED MAY 31 DATE ENTERED SVu SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS __________________TYPE ALL ENTRIES ENCLOSE WITH PHOTOGRAPH NAME HISTORIC Cathrineberg, Jockumsdal, Herman Farm________________________ AND/OR COMMON Hammer Farm, Herman Farm LOCATION CITY. TOWN Cruz Bay Quarter .VICINITY OF COUNTY St. John STATE Virgin Islands PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTO CREDIT F> ^ Gjessing NEGATIVE FILED AT ______ Virgin Islands National Park DATE OF PHOTO October, 1973 IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW. DIRECTION. ETC IF DISTRICT. GIVE BUILDING NAME & STREET Windmill tower interior H-4, 1 viewed from the west PHOTO NO. 2 ofl or. m • . •1 -f.-^' , », .f ,. , Form No. 10-301 a UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT Of THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE \ NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NFS USE ONLY RECEIVED DATE ENTERED MAK 3 0 B78 SEE INSTRUCTiONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS _____________________TYPE ALL ENTRIES ENCLOSE WITH PHOTOGRAPH NAME HISTORIC Cathrineberg, Jockumsdal, Herman Farm AND/OR COMMON Hammer Farm, Herman Farm LOCATION CITY. TOWN Cruz Bay Quarter -VICINITY OF COUNTY St. John STATE Virgin Islands PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTOCREDIT^ C. Gjessing NEGATIVE FILED AT Virgin Islands National Park DATE OF PHOTO October, 1973 IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW. DIRECTION. ETC. IF DISTRICT. GIVE BUILDING NAME & STREET PHOTO NO Interior of ground level of windmill tower H-4, 3) viewed from 3 of 7 the south. \ Form No 10-301 a (Pev. 10-7V) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NFS USE ONLY RECEIVED iDATE ENTERED 3 1877 SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS __________________TYPE ALL ENTRIES ENCLOSE WITH PHOTOGRAPH NAME HISTORIC Cathrineberg, Jockumsdal, Herman Farm___________________ AND/OR COMMON Hammer Farm, Herman Farm B LOCATION CITY. TOWN Cruz Bay Quarter ___ VICINITY OF COUNTY St. John STATE Virpin Tslanrls PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTO CREDIT,F. C. Gjessing DATE OF PHOTO July 6, 1976 NEGATIVE FILE _ . - , _ Islands National Park IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW. DIRECTION. ETC IF DISTRICT. GIVE BUILDING NAME & STREET Horsemill H-4, 2 viewed from the southeast showing the deteriorated retaining wall of the mill. PHOTO NO 4 Of 7 Form No. 10-301a (?ev.10-7>) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NFS USE ONLY RECEIVED "' J DATE ENTERED HAR.30 19?b SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS _________________TYPE ALL ENTRIES ENCLOSE WITH PHOTOGRAPH NAME HISTORIC Catherineberg. Jockumsdal. Herman Farm________________________ AND/OR COMMON Hammer Farm, Herman Farm LOCATION CITY, TOWN Cruz Bay Quarter .VICINITY OF COU NTY St. John STATE Virgin Islands PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTOCREDIT F. C. Gjessing NEGATIVEFILEDATVirgin Islan(}s National Park DATE OF PHOTO July 6, 1976 IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW. DIRECTION. ETC IF DISTRICT. GIVE BUILDING NAME & STREET Windmill H-4, 1 viewed from the southwest showing the deteriorated access ramp* PHOTO N0.5 of 7 ft 'f ^ "\ Form No. 10-301 a UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED MM 3.11977 ENTERED 0 ?97S SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS ___________________TYPE ALL ENTRIES ENCLOSE WITH PHOTOGRAPH NAME HISTORIC Catherineberg, Jockumsdal, Herman Farm AND/OR COMMON Hammer Farm, Herman Farm LOCATION CITY. TOWN Cruz Bay Quarter .VICINITY OF COUNTY St. John STATE Virgin Islands PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTOCREDIT F> c< Gjessing NEGATIVE FILED , DATE OF PHOTO July 6, 1976 ) ATVirgin Islands National Park IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW, DIRECTION. ETC IF DISTRICT. GIVE BUILDING NAME & STREET Factory H-4, 3 Boiliixg- House viewed from the north. PHOTO NO 6 of 7 F SFWf Form No. 10-301 a (9ev. 10-7-.)' UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM FOR NFS US! ONLY RECEIVE!* MAY 31 1977 •'•'••'.. *^ 501378 foATE ENTERED ' SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS _________________TYPE ALL ENTRIES ENCLOSE WITH PHOTOGRAPH NAME HISTORIC Cathrineberg. Jockumsdal. Herman Farm_________________________ AND/OR COMMON Hammer Farm, Herman Farm LOCATION CITY. TOWN Cruz Bay Quarter -VICINITY OF COUNTY St. John STATE Virgin Islands PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTO CREDIT F. C. Gjessing NEGATIVE FILED ATvirgin isiancjs National Park DATE OF PHOTO July 6, 1976 IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW. DIRECTION. ETC IF DISTRICT, GIVE BUILDING NAME & STREET Raised cistern of Still H-4,4 viewed from the south. PHOTO NO 7 of 7