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DESCRIPTION CONDITION —EXCELLENT —GOOD ?Lfair —DETERIORATED J?RUINS —UNEXPOSED CHECK ONE ?Lunaltered —ALTERED CHECK ONE 5-ORIGINALSITE —MOVED DATE. DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE The ruin of the Enighed greathouse, dramatically situated atop a small knoll on the outskirts of Cruz Bay, St. John, is a handsome example of nineteenth century Virgin Islands estate architecture. The building is characteristically designed, constructed with local stone, coral and brick, and its exterior, which is faced with cement, has some simple ornamentation above the doors and windows. A series of stone walls frame the greathouse on three sides. The greathouse has two levels. The lower level is entered by an arched doorway at the southern end of the building. Access to the upper, or main, level is by three stairways. Two small, symmetrical stairways lead to entranceways on either side of the eastern facade of the building. The main entrance and gallery, which overlooks Cruz Bay and across a salt pond to St. Thomas, is reached by a longer, less formal stairway. On the upper level, both the eastern and western facades have five wide bays, which provided residents with a panoramic view and ample ventilation. Additionally, three bays are located on both levels at the northern end of the building, while at the southern end there are two bays on the upper level and an arched doorway on the lower level. Unoccupied during most of the twentieth century, the Enighed great- house is presently a ruin. Only the vertical elements -- one interior and all exterior walls -- remain intact. The roof and floor are com­ pletely gone, some of the exterior cement facing has fallen off, the ground floor is covered with dirt and debris and the entire structure is being overcome by vegetation. Although some foundations are in evidence, none of the service buildings have survived. Despite fhe above mentioned deterioration, the Enighed ruin remains one of the finest existent examples of plantation architecture on St. John, and its restoration is currently being planned by the Government of the Virgin Islands. L SIGNIFICANCE PERIOD —PREHISTORIC —1400-1499 —1500-1599 —1600-1699 —1700-1799 ^1800-1899 —1900- areas OF SIGNIFICANCE - CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOW —ARCHEOLOGY-PREHISTORIC —ARCHEOLOGY-HISTORIC ^-AGRICULTURE —ARCHITECTURE —ART —COMMERCE —COMMUNICATIONS .^COMMUNITY PLANNING —CONSERVATION —ECONOMICS —EDUCATION —ENGINEERING —EXPLORATION/SETTLEMENT —INDUSTRY —INVENTION —LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE —LAW —LITERATURE —MILITARY —MUSIC —PHILOSOPHY —POLITICS/GOVERNMENT —RELIGION —SCIENCE —SCULPTURE —SOCIAL/HUMANITARIAN —THEATER —TRANSPORTATION —OTHER (SPECIFY) SPECIFIC DATES Nineteenth Century BUILDER/ARCHITECT unknown STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The Enighed ruin was once the greathouse of the Enighed plantation, one of many sugar estates on St. John. The exact date when the plantation was first founded is uncertain. Most probably, it was established in the mid-eighteenth century by one William Wood (1692-1757), who was born on the Dutch island of Saba, but, like many other Leeward Islanders, immigrated to the Danish West Indies. (William Wood's gravestone can be found in a yard to the rear of the Enighed greathouse.) Johannes Woods, the first owner of record, in 1786, was undoubtedly a relative of William, and the Woods family owned the plantation until 1821, ex­ cept for the years 1787-1797. The history of Enighed plantation closely paralleled that of St. John. For over a century Enighed was primarily a sugar estate. After 1848, when emancipation dealt a crippling blow to the declining sugar indus­ try of St. John, the estate was principally used to raise livestock and provisions, presumably for export to the more prosperous and populous sister island of St. Thomas. Cultivation ceased altogether after 1880, and during the twentieth century, the estate was gradually broken up as parcels were sold to small holders on St. Thomas and St. John. The date of the Enighed ruin is also unclear. Although local oral tradition and some architectural evidence indicates that the greathouse was constructed sometime in the last half of the nineteenth century, the architectural features of the building (even in its ruined condition) reflect the formal and symmetrical design (including classical revival details) of the early nineteenth century. The earliest known map of St. John done by Peter Oxholm in 1780, and revised in 1800, shows several buildings in the vicinity of the present ruin, but there is no evidence that any of these were, in fact, the present ruin. Historical research, currently being funded by the Government of the Virgin Islands, may make precise dating possible. Whatever its origins, the Enighed ruin stands today as one of the lead­ ing architectural and historical landmarks in St. John and the Virgin Islands, a fact clearly acknowledged by the citizens of St. John who have determined to use Community Development Block Grant funds (HUD) to restore the building. Although the exact nature of the restoration has not yet been determined, it has been suggested that the restored ruin be used as a community center and/or a library. Qmajor bibliographical references John L. Anderson, Random Notes on the History of St. John, mimeo. (1970), PP• 3, 5, 6, Clarence L. Johnson, St. John and St. Thomas, Virgin Islands of the United States, mimeographed report (1950), pp. 43-44. Written communication by Leif Calundann-Larsen to Debbie Elwood, March 17, 1976. EQgeographical data .64 acres ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY . UTM REFERENCES Aj , I I I , I , , I I ■ t > I . , I ZONE EASTING . NORTHING JL ■ I . ■ I L, 64° 47 ' 32" 180 19 . 53" bLJ I i . I ■ > I I ■ I ■ I ■ . I ZONE EASTING NORTHING dI ■ I I I . I ■ . I I ■ I .1 . . \ VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES * STATE CODE COUNTY CODE STATE CODE COUNTY CODE FORM PREPARED BY NAME/TITLE Georoe F. Tyson. Jr. and Alexandra Tarr ORGANIZATION Island Resources Foundation DATE May 25j 1976 STREETS NUMBER Post Office Box 4187 TELEPHONE (809) 775-3225 CITY OR TOWN St. Thomas, STATE U.S. Virgin Islands QO^Ol Estate historic preservation officer certification THE EVALUATED SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS PROPERTY WITHIN THE STATE IS; NATIONAL___ STATE JL_ LOCAL As the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set forth by the National Park Service STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER SIGNATUR Park Services TITLE Director of Plannina f DATE 25, 1916- FOR NPS USE ONLY I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS PSbPERTYfS INCUODED IM THE NATIONAL REGISTER % DATE Rl^ PREOTRVA.TION ICE OF ARCHEOLOGY AN DATE KEEPER OF THE NATIONAL REGISTER GPO 892 453 Property ^ Jok tJ TECHNICAL -i/fyH C4j^t Photos ^— 0 Maps / CONTROL olen^ ^ 5\ 5- RbA ujjoX iA^u»j^ jOfNoJj>. boji acctpisiiii< - 'C(iaijouA(U\ aiuii 'iUi qj^oXct^^ o^ >Vi V /^C’C. (- ^ J B 0^^ 7^ ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN ARCHEOLOGIST OTHER HAER Inventory Review SjVr»>» ^ 'HldX *tU^s l)v*Vbf«Jhroo ^ lOb. REVIEW UNIT CHIEF Co\u b‘IO*7& BRANCH CHIEF KEEPER National Register Write-up __________ Send-back Federal Register Entry ?" -^3r7A Re-submit Entered JUL 1 1976 INTI2106-74 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service WASO No. 7 ?•= ENTRIES IN THE NATI0N7VL REGISTER STATE VrRGi:? X£L.'i-in)S juL 1 m Date Entered Name WaiBond School Friedonsfcld Klfil(md8 Moravian Church and Manaa Botany Bay Archeological Blatrlct Enlghed or Enlghened hawet Granard Archeological Diatrict Aklls Archeological Site Elver Archeological Site Also Notified Location Chriotiansted vicinity St. Croix County Clirletlansted vicinity St. Creiix'County Charlotte Amslie vicinity St. Tiiomas County Crus Bay St. John County Chrlatiansted vicinity St. Croix County Ercderlhsted vicinity St. Croix County Frederiketed vicinity St. Croix County /■V,, i'- Hon. Ron De Lugo Regional Director, Southeast Region k; : MMott/row 7/7/76 State Historic Preservation Officer Mr. Thomas Blake Planning Director Virgin Islands Planning Board Charlotte Amalie St. Thomas, Virgin Islands 00301 ^ - INT: 2«50*75 MR Dat a S lieet Reviewer INITIALS! NAME AS IT APPEARS IN FEDERAL REGISTER: ^yj I H£ C> jiA) rh^ 1 197B DOE ....... —' "• I Q> . m™. , FUlSrtSli i^cation: ^TMlI.NUMStR QiL/S^T^R t/^«.TowN Bah _____ VICINITY or \) iki^ ^ i_^. ^ ^ OWNEgJDJ PR operty; CONGRtSiWUNAL DISTRICT ^ \y^Hrt code T 0'~) O <D :AL govt MUNICIPAL COUNTY OTHER ADMINISTRATOR(underline)- FEDERAL (AGENCY NAtlE) : KPS REGION: (CIRCLE) N.ATLAimC MID ATLAiH'IC SOUTOEAST^N MIDWEST SOOTHl'JEST ROCKY MOUNTAIN VffiST PACIFIC NORTHlffiST features: I^TTERICR EXTERIOR EOTIRONS _Substantially intact-1 -.Substantially intact-2 Substantially intact-3 ~«nJcnovm-4 _ unknown .-5 ^\nknovm-6 -.Interior, exterior, envirens not intact-0 CONDITION- -EXCElLtNT ^ETtRIORATEO _UIW»lT£REO )^0HI6INAl SITE -6000 ^RUiNS >AITERE0 _mcvEO -MWXPOSEO -Reconstructed -Unknewn -DnexeavateiT -Excavated ACCESS- „ ^ Ees-restricted (fTeyH^estricted No access historic district ? yes bo ^ YES Chknown WITHIN NATIONAL REGISTER HISTORIC DISTRICT? IF YES, NA^2:: WITHIN NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK? IF YES, NAME: SOj ADAPTIVE use; yes FUNCTION (S)* (use vftcabuiary words) then- 'HoixS iT NO > Saved ? \ % i I now- yfouSE , significance: Vjrf) —ARCMEUiUGV.PREHISTORIC ^RCHEOIOGY-HISIORIC V^^UUORICUITUHE ■ ^ J^kRCHITECIURE —ART —COMMERCE —COMMUNICATIONS Claims —CONSERVATION —ECONOMICS —EDUCATION ENGINEERING —EXPLORATION —INDUSTRY —INVENTION 'first’-’ yes —UNOSCAPE ARCHITECTURE —REUCION -LAW/Cov't/pOlitlcS _SCICNCE ^TERATURE —, -MIUTARY -tOOAl/MUMANITARIAN XsettlcLnt —entertainment —health —MUSIC —PHILOSOPHY —POiinCS/COVERNMENT —TRANSPORTATION —OTHER ISPECIFYI —soc lo/cultural^""^^ —urban & commun planning oldest’-’ YES "only’-’ YES NO architectural style; cf uuc^/odj archilec(/m.builder: landscapc/tiardcn designer; interior decorator; engineer; artist/artisan: builder/contractor: ethnic group: (label role ' ' UJ'^ ^ ^ — ,3 6>-tAJV. appropriate date) events institutional dates: date of CONSTRUCTIOM (Specific date or 1/4 of century); 6 DATE(S) OF "MAJOR" ALTERATIONS: HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT DATE(S): SOURCE, (pp NOMINATION) acreage; PRIVATE STATE OTHER FEDERAL AGENCY; (to nearest tenth of an acre) ^ LOCAL GOV"T MUNICIPAL COUNTY COMMENTS, (include architectural information here) Co/?/)/. V C-S>i-'2a^^ ^ ‘ V) \ nr\. \ " 0 4 a>«jo SIGNIl'ICANCE*(maximum two sentences) ntences) ^ ' 3: AIICIIITECTURAL style: Cf uJL • arch ilecf/m.builder: \\ engineer; landscaiK/ganlo!, designer: \ artisl/artisan; -•■■terror decorator: ^ builder/contractor: ethnic croup: ''’AMES; personal bJ.'Ht— (label role & appropriate date) events institutional DATES.* DATE OF CONSTRUCTION (Specific date or 1/4 of century): '— I % ^ DATE(S) OF "MAJOR” ALTERATIONS: HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT DATE(S); ■'V PRIVATE STATE SOURCE. (Qp NOMINATION) OTHER FEDERAL 'AGENCY: (to nearest tenth of an acre) ^ ^ rEj LOCAL GOV'T MUNICIPAL COUNTY acreage: COMMENTS, (include architectural information here) —- ; .V • V ■ -»W r? . e. • -V M- K;™:-?™:™;=LL-i'!55'^: Civ^cLr--~ ^ eventual decline. ------^ slave^ were ema Jih^eventual decline^ SIGNI I'ICA NC E.(maximum two sentences)