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2009 WASTE STREAM CHARACTERIZATION STUDY Prepared for: Virgin Islands Waste Management Authority Prepared by: GERSHMAN, BRICKNER & BRATTON, INC. 8550 Arlington Boulevard, Suite 304 Fairfax, Virginia 22031 800-573-5801 Under Contract to: December 23, 2009 GBB – C08054-02 i December 23, 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. PROJECT BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 1 2. PROJECT OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................ 5 3. COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL ..................................................................................................... 6 3.1 Collection .......................................................................................................................... 6 3.2 Disposal ............................................................................................................................. 9 4. METHODOLOGY ...................................................................................................................... 11 4.1 Schedule ......................................................................................................................... 11 4.2 Project Staffing ............................................................................................................... 11 4.3 Crew Training .................................................................................................................. 12 4.4 Sort Locations ................................................................................................................. 12 4.5 Sample Selection ............................................................................................................ 14 4.6 MSW Sample Sizes .......................................................................................................... 16 4.7 MSW Sort Categories ...................................................................................................... 17 4.8 Sampling Procedure........................................................................................................ 18 4.9 Sorting............................................................................................................................. 19 4.10 Data Recording ............................................................................................................... 20 4.11 Bulk Waste Visual Survey ............................................................................................... 20 5. DATA ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................................... 23 5.1 Composition.................................................................................................................... 23 5.2 Quantity Calculations ..................................................................................................... 24 6. FINDINGS ................................................................................................................................. 27 6.1 St. Croix, Anguilla Landfill ............................................................................................... 28 6.1.1. Residential Waste ............................................................................................... 28 6.1.2. Commercial Waste ............................................................................................. 30 6.1.3. Combined Residential and Commercial Waste .................................................. 32 6.1.4. Bulk Waste .......................................................................................................... 34 6.1.5. St. Croix Total Waste .......................................................................................... 36 6.2 St. Thomas, Bovoni Landfill ............................................................................................ 37 6.2.1. Residential Waste ............................................................................................... 38 6.2.2. Commercial Waste ............................................................................................. 40 6.2.3. Combined Residential and Commercial Waste .................................................. 42 GBB – C08054-02 ii December 23, 2009 6.2.4. Bulk Waste .......................................................................................................... 44 6.2.5. St. Thomas Total Waste ...................................................................................... 46 6.3 U.S. Virgin Islands Overall Waste Composition .............................................................. 47 6.4 Energy Value of U.S. Virgin Islands Waste ...................................................................... 50 6.4.1. St. Croix, Anguilla Landfill ................................................................................... 50 6.4.2. St. Thomas, Bovoni Landfill ................................................................................ 50 6.4.3. U.S. Virgin Islands Aggregated Processable Waste ............................................ 53 List of Tables Table 1 – Population and Housing in 2000 ..................................................................................... 3 Table 2 – Estimated 2008 Waste Generation Based on BioCycle Generation Factor .................... 4 Table 3 – Estimated 2008 Waste Generation Based on 1993 Report Generation Factors ............ 5 Table 4 – Estimated 12-Month Anguilla Landfill Waste Quantity (1) .............................................. 9 Table 6 – Number of Trucks Sampled ........................................................................................... 15 Table 7 – Sample Size .................................................................................................................... 17 Table 8 – MSW Material Categories ............................................................................................. 18 Table 9 – Bulk Material Categories ............................................................................................... 21 Table 10 – Anguilla Landfill Sort Week Quantity, by Category (tons) .......................................... 25 Table 11 – Bovoni Landfill Sort Week Quantity, by Category (tons) ............................................ 26 Table 12 – Estimated 12-Month 2008/2009 Waste Quantity by Generator and Landfill (tons)(1) ....................................................................................................................... 27 Table 13 – St. Croix, Residential Waste Composition ................................................................... 30 Table 14 – St. Croix, Commercial Waste Composition ................................................................. 32 Table 15 – St. Croix, Combined Residential and Commercial Waste Composition ...................... 34 Table 16 – St. Croix, Bulk Waste ................................................................................................... 36 Table 17 – St. Croix, Overall Waste Composition ......................................................................... 37 Table 18 – St. Thomas, Residential Waste Composition .............................................................. 40 Table 19 – St. Thomas, Commercial Waste Composition ............................................................. 42 Table 20 – St. Thomas, Combined Residential and Commercial Waste Composition ................. 44 Table 21 – St. Thomas, Bulk Waste ............................................................................................... 46 Table 22 – St. Thomas, Overall Waste Composition ..................................................................... 47 Table 23 – U.S. Virgin Islands Overall Waste Composition ........................................................... 49 Table 24 – St. Croix, Anguilla Estimated Processable Waste Higher Heating Value as Received ..................................................................................................................... 51 Table 25 – St. Thomas, Bovoni Estimated Processable Waste Higher Heating Value as Received ..................................................................................................................... 52 Table 26 – U.S. Virgin Islands Estimated Processable Waste Higher Heating Value as Received ..................................................................................................................... 54 GBB – C08054-02 iii December 23, 2009 List of Figures Figure 1 – Location of United States Virgin Islands ........................................................................ 1 Figure 2 – The United States Virgin Islands .................................................................................... 2 Figure 3 – EPA Waste Composition, 2007 ....................................................................................... 4 Figure 4 – Map of St. Croix Bin Site Locations ................................................................................ 7 Figure 5 – Map of St. Thomas/St. John Bin Site Locations ............................................................. 8 Figure 6 – Anguilla Landfill ............................................................................................................ 13 Figure 7 – Bovoni Landfill .............................................................................................................. 14 Figure 8 – Sample Load at Anguilla Landfill .................................................................................. 16 Figure 9 – Anguilla Landfill Sorting Setup ..................................................................................... 20 Figure 10 – Bulk Waste Load Sample ............................................................................................ 22 Figure 11 – Bulk Waste Load Sample ............................................................................................ 23 Figure 12 – St. Croix, Residential Waste ....................................................................................... 29 Figure 13 – St. Croix, Commercial Waste ...................................................................................... 31 Figure 14 – St. Croix, Residential and Commercial Waste Composition Summary ...................... 33 Figure 15 – St. Croix, Bulk Waste .................................................................................................. 35 Figure 16 – St. Thomas, Residential Waste ................................................................................... 39 Figure 17 – St. Thomas, Commercial Waste ................................................................................. 41 Figure 18 – St. Thomas, Residential and Commercial Waste Composition Summary ................. 43 Figure 19 – St. Thomas, Bulk Waste .............................................................................................. 45 List of Exhibits Exhibit A – MSW Characterization Form ...................................................................................... 57 Exhibit B – Bulk Load Visual Survey Form ..................................................................................... 58 Exhibit C – Sample Selection Grid ................................................................................................. 59 Appendices 1 Anguilla Landfill Annual Waste Quantities 2 Bovoni Landfill Annual Waste Quantities GBB – C08054-02 1 December 23, 2009 2009 Waste Stream Characterization Study 1. Project Background The U.S. Virgin Islands are part of the Virgin Islands Archipelago situated where the Caribbean Sea meets the North Atlantic Ocean. Figure 1 shows the location of the Virgin Islands approximately 1,100 miles southeast of Miami, Florida, and 500 miles north of Caracas, Venezuela. They lie about 90 miles east of Puerto Rico. The Archipelago was divided into two territorial units in the 17th century: British and Danish Virgin Islands. The U.S. purchased the Danish part in 1917, renamed the islands as U.S. Virgin Islands, and administers it as a U.S. Territory. U.S. citizenship was granted to the inhabitants in 1927. Figure 1 – Location of United States Virgin Islands Source: Google Maps The Territory is comprised of four islands which are inhabited and other roughly 50 smaller islands and cays. The three main inhabited islands, which can be seen in Figure 2, are St. Croix, St. Thomas and St. John. Water Island is a fourth inhabited island south of St. Thomas and helps form the harbor of the capital city, Charlotte Amalie. The total land area comprising all the islands is approximately 135 square miles. St. Croix is the largest island with a length of 28 GBB – C08054-02 2 December 23, 2009 miles and an area of 83 square miles. St. Croix lies 40 miles south of St. Thomas and St. John; note that the distance is foreshortened in Figure 2. Figure 2 – The United States Virgin Islands Source: U.S. Government of the Virgin Islands The terrain in the islands is mostly hilly, with mountains rising as high as 1,500 feet above sea level at Crown Mountain on St. Thomas. The U.S. Virgin Islands have a subtropical climate, moderated by the trade winds. This climate results in low temperature variations with averages around 91⁰F in the summer to 86⁰F in the winter, and a rainy season in September through November. This hot dry climate and the beauty of its beaches, ocean and geographic scenery attract more than two million tourists a year. Many of the tourists visit the islands by means of cruise ships. Tourism accounts for around 80 percent of the GDP and employment. The islands also have other sources of income and employment from the manufacturing sector. Industries include petroleum refining, rum distilling, textiles, electronics, pharmaceuticals, and watch assembly. One of the world’s largest petroleum refineries is in St. Croix. The Virgin Islands Waste Management Authority (VIWMA) retained Gershman, Brickner & Bratton, Inc. (GBB), through its contractor, the Maguire Group, to conduct a “snapshot” waste characterization study. In 1993, GBB conducted a more extensive waste characterization study, and in 2006, Austin Moorehead conducted a waste characterization on St. Croix for the Antilitter and Beautification Commission. The VIWMA is planning waste processing and energy- from-waste facilities on St. Thomas and St. Croix, and desires additional waste composition GBB – C08054-02 3 December 23, 2009 data. This report has been prepared to present the results of the 2009 Waste Stream Characterization Study. In 2008, approximately 110,000 people resided in the Territory. This shows a growth of 1.3 percent over the eight years since U.S. Census data were taken in 2000, or approximately 0.2 percent per year. The data on population and housing for the three islands from the 2000 Census are shown in Table 1. Table 1 – Population and Housing in 2000 Island Population Households & Occupied Residences Single Family Detached Residences Median Family Income St. Croix 53,234 19,455 12,960 $21,401 St. John 4,197 1,735 1,247 $32,482 St. Thomas 51,181 19,458 7,514 $26,893 TOTAL 108,612 40,648 21,721 $24,704 Waste generation is a function of population and economic activity. The U.S. EPA uses an econometric model to estimate the waste generation per person in the U.S. In 2007, generation was 4.6 pounds per person per day or 0.84 tons per year. The U.S. EPA does not count industrial waste or construction and demolition waste (C&D waste) in these figures. In general, waste generation increases with income. Nationwide, U.S. EPA estimates that one- third of the waste generated in the U.S. was recycled or composted. Applying the EPA generation rate to the Virgin Islands results in an estimated waste generation of only about 91,000 tons per year, exclusive of tourist waste, industrial waste, and C&D waste. EPA waste composition for municipal solid waste (MSW) as generated in the United States in 2007 is shown in Figure 3. Paper and paperboard form the largest single category in MSW at 32.7 percent. Plastics, food waste and yard waste essentially tie for second at approximately 12 percent of the waste each. GBB – C08054-02 4 December 23, 2009 Figure 3 – EPA Waste Composition, 2007 BioCycle Magazine,1 Table 2 in its “state of garbage” survey of U.S. communities, estimates that the average U.S. per-capita generation rate is 1.38 tons per person per year or 7.56 pounds per person per day. Applying the MSW generation rates for the U.S. from BioCycle to the U.S. Virgin Islands, we would expect to see waste quantities similar to those shown in . Table 2 – Estimated 2008 Waste Generation Based on BioCycle Generation Factor Island Estimated 2008 Population Estimated 2008 MSW By Island (tons) Estimated 2008 MSW At Landfills (tons) St. Croix (Anguilla) 53,914 74,401 74,401 St. John 4,251 5,866 See Note St. Thomas (Bovoni) 51,835 71,532 77,399 TOTAL 110,000 151,800 151,800 Note: Solid waste from St. John is transferred to St. Thomas and disposed in the Bovoni Landfill. The 1993 waste characterization calculated the per-capita waste generation for both St. Croix and St. Thomas. The report2 1 The State of Garbage in America, BioCycle Magazine, December 2008. estimated, based upon data collected during the sort, that these generation rates were 11.1 and 8.6 pounds per person per day, respectively. The report pointed out that the generation rate for St. Thomas was very low and concluded that waste was entering the Bovoni Landfill without being fully reported. The report estimated this under- 2 Final Sort Report, Waste Characterization Analysis, Prepared for the Government of the Virgin Islands, Department of Public Works by Gershman, Brickner & Bratton, Inc., January 1994. Paper and Paperboard, 32.7% Glass, 5.3% Total Metals, 8.2% Plastics, 12.1% Rubber and Leather, 2.9% Textiles, 4.7% Wood, 5.6% Other, 1.7% Food Scraps, 12.5% Yard Trimmings, 12.8% Miscellaneous Inorganics, 1.5% GBB – C08054-02 5 December 23, 2009 reporting to be approximately 20 percent. When this adjustment was made, the report estimated the St. Thomas waste generation rate to be 10.75 pounds per person per day. These generation rates have been applied to estimate the 2008 waste generation on the islands, as shown in Table 3. The St. John generation rate was estimated at 12.4 pounds per person per day. These generation rates from the 1993 waste sort are more than double the U.S. EPA rates. Also, since Hurricane Katrina in 2005, which caused significant damage in the Virgin Islands, tourist trade dollar volume has dropped by 29 percent.3 Table 3 – Estimated 2008 Waste Generation Based on 1993 Report Generation Factors Waste generation is also considered to be significantly lower than before the storm. Island Estimated 2008 Population Estimated 2008 MSW by Island (tons) Estimated 2008 MSW at Landfills (tons) St. Croix (Anguilla) 53,914 109,216 109,216 St. John 4,251 9,620 See Note St. Thomas (Bovoni) 51,835 101,694 111,314 TOTAL 110,000 220,530 220,530 Note: Solid waste from St. John is transferred to St. Thomas and disposed in the Bovoni Landfill. In April 2000, the Antilitter and Beautification Commission conducted a waste sort at the Anguilla Landfill. The report4 Table 3 for this activity estimated the St. Croix solid waste generation between 110,000 and 130,000 tons per year. Unlike the waste sorts which are the subject of this 2009 report, the samples included trucks with only metal and C&D waste. The lower number of the range at 110,000 tons per year for St. Croix is very close to the figure shown in . This would appear to overestimate the MSW due to the inclusion of metal and C&D in the tallies, which are not included in MSW. 2. Project Objectives The objective of the 2009 Waste Stream Characterization Study is to provide an estimate of the quantities and composition of the solid waste generated on the inhabited three islands that comprise the U.S. Virgin Islands: St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John. This waste characterization study identifies the recyclable and combustible materials present in the waste and that are potentially recoverable or that can be utilized in the production of a refuse-derived fuel. Also, any significant differences between the three islands’ waste streams that are generated on the individual islands are identified. In addition, separate compositions are shown for residential and commercial generators. The types and quantities of specific materials from the sources and generators will be factors in considering the design of the waste processing and energy- from-waste facilities and their economic and environmental impacts. 3 Travel & Tourism Economic Impact, U.S. Virgin Islands 2009, World Travel and Tourism Council, March 1, 2009 4 Final Waste Sort Report, Antilitter and Beautification Commission, Revised April, 4, 2006. GBB – C08054-02 6 December 23, 2009 3. Collection and Disposal 3.1 Collection The VIWMA provides solid waste collection for residences using several techniques: 1. House-to-house collection in packer trucks 2. Drop-off locations utilizing 20-cubic-yard roll-off boxes 3. Urban street containers utilizing refuse carts serviced by packer trucks For the weekly house-to-house collection provided by VIWMA, either VIWMA crews or contractors are used. Each single-family residence is allowed to place curbside a maximum of two 64-gallon containers. Apartment buildings of up to four units are allowed one 64-gallon receptacle per unit. Multi-family buildings greater than four units are required to obtain commercial service from private haulers. The drop-off locations are technically for use for the disposal of household waste only by local residents. Businesses are mandated by law to utilize a contracted private hauler to collect and properly dispose of their waste. Businesses, including apartment buildings (defined as buildings with more than four apartments), are required to use a hauler or to take their waste directly to either the Anguilla Landfill on St. Croix or Bovoni Landfill on St. Thomas, or the transfer station located on St. John. The commercial solid waste is collected in packers, compactors, and roll- off box collection vehicles. Some locations, such as Housing Authority residences and government buildings, are collected by the VIWMA utilizing dumpsters (4, 6 and 8 cubic yards) that are collected using rear-load packers. Some are collected by the VIWMA’s packers and some by contract haulers. The collection of solid waste on the three islands varies due to the geography, topography, and economic structures of the islands. St. Croix has 11,556 residences (about 20 percent) that are provided house-to-house collection by private contractors under contract to the VIWMA. In addition, four drop-off locations (see Figure 4) referred to as “bin sites,” are provided by VIWMA. A single contractor collects the urban street containers in Christiansted, and a second contractor collects them in Fredericksted. St. Thomas, however, has very few residences collected by VIWMA packer trucks and 28 bin site locations as shown in Figure 5 (See VIWMA website for current bin sites as the number may change from time to time). Figure 4 shows the bin site locations on St. Thomas and St. John. The reliance on bin sites in St. Thomas is due to the fact that many of the streets/roads are so narrow and steep that traditional large collection vehicles cannot be used. Collection of solid waste on St. John is only through bin sites because of terrain; no house-to-house service is provided by VIWMA. There are 28 bin sites on St. John. The waste from St. John is transferred to St. Thomas for disposal in compacting transfer trailers and roll-off boxes. GBB – C08054-02 7 December 23, 2009 Figure 4 – Map of St. Croix Bin Site Locations GBB – C08054-02 8 December 23, 2009 Figure 5 – Map of St. Thomas/St. John Bin Site Locations GBB – C08054-02 9 December 23, 2009 There are 41 private companies licensed to collect solid waste in the Virgin Islands. These companies provide refuse collection for the private businesses and multi-family apartments with more than four units. 3.2 Disposal VIWMA owns and manages the only two landfills in the U. S. Virgin Islands. The two landfills are operated under contract by A-9 Enterprise, Inc. Solid waste on St. Croix is disposed in the Anguilla Landfill located on the south side of the island, just off Route 66 near the international airport. For the 12 months beginning September 2008, the Anguilla Landfill received an estimated 104,402 tons of solid waste for disposal, as shown in Table 4. GBB estimated annual waste quantities based upon the scalehouse data provided by VIWMA.5 Table 4 Spreadsheets for these calculations are provided in Appendix 1. As shown in , an estimated 81,558 tons, or about 78 percent, were processable. The processable waste includes waste collected from residences, bin sites, and commercial facilities. Table 4 – Estimated 12-Month Anguilla Landfill Waste Quantity (1) Estimated Annual Waste Source Category Minimum Expected Maximum (tons) (tons) (tons) Total VIWMA In-house & Contracted Rear Packers (2) 26,023 30,355 34,688 Total VIWMA 20-yd Contracted Bins (2),(3) 21,868 29,971 38,073 Total Green Waste 7,797 11,399 15,000 Total Scrap Metal (3) 2,735 3,881 5,026 Total C&D 5,085 7,564 10,043 Total Special Waste 0 0 0 Total Commercial Waste (2) 15,605 21,233 26,861 0 0 0 TOTAL ALL CATEGORIES 79,112 104,402 129,691 TOTAL PROCESSABLE (1) 63,496 81,558 99,621 Notes: (1) 12 months from September 2008 through August 2009. However, data for certain materials and days were unavailable from VIWMA and were estimated. (2) Processable waste includes VIWMA in-house and contracted rear-loading packers, contracted bins, and commercial waste. (3) Total tons for VIWMA 20 yd Contracted bins for Jun 2008, Feb 09, Mar 09 and Apr 09 was not provided. The total tons for Scrap Metal for the months of Mar 09, Apr 09 was not provided either. The estimated annual tons for these materials were calculated on the available months of data, and modifications to calculations were made accordingly. 5 The VIWMA provided 12 months, September 2008 through August 2009, of scalehouse data. These data were weight data for trucks. Sample statistics, including mean, standard deviation, and 90% confidence limits were calculated. The confidence limits were used to compute the Minimum and Maximum shown in Table 4. GBB – C08054-02 10 December 23, 2009 On St. Thomas, the waste disposal site is the Bovoni Landfill on the south side of the island toward the east end, just off Route 30 (Bovoni Road). In 12 months starting September 2008, the Bovoni Landfill received an estimated 76,368 tons of solid waste for disposal, as shown in Table 5. This includes the solid waste from the St. John transfer station, which is transferred via ferry to the Bovoni Landfill on St. Thomas for disposal. The St. John solid waste tonnage is estimated to be approximately 8,638 for the 12 months, which is included in the Bovoni total. As shown in Table 5, an estimated 65,515 tons, or 86 percent, were processable. The processable waste includes residential, bin site, and commercial waste. Table 5 – Estimated 12-Month Bovoni Landfill Waste Quantity (1) Estimated Annual Tonnage Waste Source Category Minimum Expected Maximum (tons) (tons) (tons) Total VIWMA In-house & Contracted Rear-loading Packers (2) 11,345 12,686 14,028 Total VIWMA 20-yd Contracted Bins (2) 14,899 16,080 17,261 Total St. John Waste Compactor and Bins (2) 7,035 8,638 10,242 Total Green Waste 2,012 2,545 3,079 Total Scrap Metal 1,287 2,116 2,944 Total C&D 2,376 3,101 3,826 Total Special Waste 585 791 997 Total Commercial Waste (2) 23,670 28,110 32,550 Total Mixed Waste 1,372 2,318 3,265 TOTAL ALL CATEGORIES 64,581 76,386 88,192 TOTAL PROCESSABLE 56,948 65,515 74,082 Notes: (1) 12 months: February, August, September, and October 2008; January through August 2009. (2) Processable waste includes waste from VIWMA in-house and contracted rear-loading packers, contracted bins, St. John compactor and bins, and commercial waste. At both the Anguilla and Bovoni Landfills, trucks with loads of C&D waste consisting of nothing but inert materials, such as broken concrete, are diverted from the working face, and the material is used to construct roads on the landfills. Spreadsheets with the calculations for the annual quantity estimates made by GBB are provided in Appendix 2. GBB – C08054-02 11 December 23, 2009 4. Methodology This 2009 Waste Stream Characterization Study separately analyzes the residential, commercial and bulk waste streams. The waste samples were selected and characterized into categories. MSW, from both residential and commercial sources, was physically sorted into material categories and recorded using Exhibit A, MSW Characterization Form. Bulk waste, including C&D waste, was spread out and a visual inspection made of the volume for each of the eight composition categories using Exhibit B, Bulk Load Visual Survey Form.6 4.1 Schedule The sampling schedule called for five (5) days of sampling at each of the landfills on St. Thomas and St. Croix, starting on Monday of the sampling week. The Friday or Saturday preceding the sampling week was used for training and equipment check. The schedule was conducted as follows: Training Day, St. Croix – Anguilla Landfill February 20, 2009 Waste Sorting, St. Croix – Anguilla Landfill February 23 -27, 2009 Training Day, St. Thomas – Bovoni Landfill February 28, 2009 Waste Sorting, St. Thomas – Bovoni Landfill March 2 - 6, 20097 The waste sort day began at 7:00 a.m. and ended at 4:00 p.m. with a one-hour break for lunch. 4.2 Project Staffing The waste characterization project at each landfill was staffed for five days with the following complement: • Site Manager: The Site Manager had lead responsibility for planning each sampling and sorting event, and for interacting with the landfill personnel whose cooperation was needed throughout the field data collection. The Site Manager led the sampling selection process and oversaw the physical taking of the 200 to 250-pound samples. Frank Bernheisel from GBB performed this function. • Assistant Site Manager: The Assistant Site Manager had responsibilities that paralleled those of the Site Manager. He functioned as Site Manager in absence of the Site Manager. Eric Douglas and Jim Jackson from the Maguire Group performed this function. 6 GBB’s tasks in preparation for the waste sort included preparation of a Waste Characterization Protocol and a Health and Safety Plan for the U.S. Virgin Islands 2009 Waste Stream Characterization Study, which were used during the sort crew training. 7 Heavy rain started Thursday afternoon, March 5, 2009, and continued through Friday. The rain caused cancellation of the sorting activity on Friday. GBB – C08054-02 12 December 23, 2009 • Crew Supervisor: The Crew Supervisor, who was one of the sort crew, was responsible for managing the sorting area, including crew management, personnel paperwork, and cleaning up at the end of the day. The VIWMA provided the Crew Supervisor. • Sort Crew: The VIWMA provided six people (including the Crew Supervisor) to work as sorters at each landfill. These were temporary employees of VIWMA. While all six people reported to work initially, the sort crew consisted at times of only four or five members. 4.3 Crew Training On the schedule above and prior to the beginning of sorting, the Site Manager trained the five sorters and their Crew Supervisor as to their roles. Following this orientation, the sort crew set up and checked the sorting equipment. This was followed by a review of the sort procedures and the Health and Safety Plan developed by GBB. 4.4 Sort Locations The waste characterization sorting was conducted at the Anguilla Landfill on St. Croix and at the Bovoni Landfill on St. Thomas. The selection of the sorting areas was made in coordination with the landfill managers and VIWMA representatives. In both cases, a flat area adjacent to the travel paths of the refuse trucks coming to dump and after the landfill scalehouse was selected. The areas were selected upwind of the travel path and working face to minimize the dust impacting the sorters. At Anguilla Landfill, the sort area was located less than 100 feet from the normal dump area for collection trucks, as can be seen in Figure 6. At Bovoni Landfill, the sort area was located approximately 700 feet from the normal dump area and still adjacent to the truck travel path. This larger distance made coordination with the spotter located at the working face unworkable; therefore, either the VIWMA loader operator or the Site Manager directed the trucks to dump. This was done as the trucks made the first of the two left-hand turns that would lead to the working face. This can be seen in Figure 7. GBB – C08054-02 13 December 23, 2009 Figure 6 – Anguilla Landfill Working Face Sort Area Access Road GBB – C08054-02 14 December 23, 2009 Figure 7 – Bovoni Landfill 4.5 Sample Selection The Site Manager used a standardized selection procedure to select the vehicles to be sampled. This was intended to remove any sampling bias that may arise from an individual selecting a specific incoming vehicle. In order to obtain representative samples, a stratified sampling approach was utilized. For each of the source categories, the total number of incoming trucks from each source - residential, commercial, and bulk - was divided by the number of samples needed from that source category for that day. The resulting number was the sampling frequency and determined which vehicle was selected for sampling. This strategy is known as the “Nth Truck” approach. Table 6 shows the total number of trucks sampled for St. Croix and St. Thomas in each category. For trucks from residential and commercial sources, every sixth truck was targeted for selection. The sampling goal was that the number of samples be in proportion to the estimated waste quantity generated by each source category (residential, commercial or bulk load) on each island. However, in practice, there was a high number of trucks with mixed loads, which warranted identifying them as a separate category, as shown in Table 6. Working Face Sort Area Access Road GBB – C08054-02 15 December 23, 2009 Table 6 – Number of Trucks Sampled Generator Source Category St. Croix (Anguilla) St. Thomas (Bovoni) St. John* Residential 9 13 0 Commercial (incl. Industrial and Institutional) 7 5 0 Mixed, Residential and Commercial 10 5 2 Bulk Loads (Visually Surveyed) 32 8 1 Total 58 31 3 * Solid waste from St. John is transferred to St. Thomas and disposed in the Bovoni Landfill. The bulk waste vehicles, done by visual inspection, were selected partially by the Nth Truck method and partially by opportunity. Many of these were completed during the lunch break of the sort crew, which provided the Site Manager a period without supervisory requirements of the sorts. Because the bulk waste loads were visually inspected, and this was a relatively quick procedure, a large number of bulk samples were surveyed, especially on St. Croix. This was facilitated by the physical layout of the sorting area at the Anguilla Landfill, which was immediately adjacent to the tipping area and near the working face of the landfill. When the designated Nth Truck from each waste source arrived, the Site Manager, with the help of the spotter or the VIWMA loader operator, directed that truck to the sampling area. Fewer samples were inspected on St. Thomas because of the heavy rain on Thursday afternoon and Friday at the Bovoni Landfill, which produced so much mud that the trucks could not reach the normal dumping area at the top of the landfill. The Site Manager interviewed the drivers of the selected vehicles to obtain information, including: origin of the load, waste generating source, hauler, vehicle type and number, and other data. This information was noted on the Survey Data Forms, along with the date. A Vehicle Selection Form was initially envisioned and developed, but it proved simpler to record the identification information directly on the Survey Data Form. Figure 8 shows a load from a selected vehicle prior to sampling at Anguilla Landfill. The trucks selected for sampling included rear-load packers, both single and tandem-axle, front-load packers, compactors, and open-top roll-off containers. The roll-offs were primarily from the VIWMA bin sites (convenience centers). GBB – C08054-02 16 December 23, 2009 Figure 8 – Sample Load at Anguilla Landfill 4.6 MSW Sample Sizes Industry literature and GBB’s experience in waste sorting indicate that samples of residential and commercial waste that weigh between 200 and 250 pounds will yield statistically valid results. This sample size range has been applied successfully in numerous other waste characterization studies and has been found to provide consistent statistical results. With smaller samples, results may degenerate; larger samples provide better results, especially when large items (outliers) are present. Samples of 250 pounds were targeted for all manually-sorted samples. The samples were taken using a single bucket-load scoop of the front-loader. Due to moisture and other variables, the sample weights were heavier than the target, as shown in Table 7. Also, a number of samples fell below the 200-pound minimum target. GBB – C08054-02 17 December 23, 2009 Table 7 – Sample Size Sample Weights St. Croix (Anguilla) St. Thomas (Bovoni) St. John* Average Weight (pounds) 349.5 286.1 211.0 Minimum Weight (pounds) 138.9 139.1 189.6 Maximum Weight (pounds) 764.2 557.2 232.4 * Solid waste from St. John is transferred to St. Thomas and disposed in the Bovoni Landfill. The bulk waste (including C&D waste) samples that arrived in 20-cubic-yard (or larger) roll-off containers had the entire container contents tipped. The bulk material was visually surveyed, photographed, and the data recorded using the Bulk Load Visual Survey Form shown in Exhibit B. 4.7 MSW Sort Categories The original sort task description identified a list of 38 material categories based on the previous waste characterizations conducted in the U.S. Virgin Islands. This list, shown in MSW Characterization Form, Exhibit A, was shortened to facilitate the MSW sorts based on the field conditions during the first day of sorting. The samples showed that there was a significant amount of wet and dirty papers and plastics contaminated with food waste, feces, etc. These materials were assigned individual categories, Dirty Paper and Dirty Plastic. Diapers were moved to the Dirty Paper category. The metal categories were collapsed into two: Ferrous Metals and Non-ferrous Metals. There was almost no non-container glass; therefore, the small amount of window glass found was categorized as Clear Glass. Very few dry cell batteries and no individual wet cell batteries were found in the samples. Dry cell batteries were combined with Appliances and Electronics. This field adjustment resulted in a total of 31 categories, shown in Table 8, which were used for the detailed sorts. GBB – C08054-02 18 December 23, 2009 Table 8 – MSW Material Categories Category Material PAPER Newsprint Office Paper Magazines Old Corrugated Cardboard (OCC) and Kraft Paper Paper Board Other Paper - Dirty PLASTIC PET (#1) Containers HDPE (#2) Containers - Natural HDPE (#2) Containers - Colored Dirty Plastic Foam - Polystyrene (#6) Other Rigid Plastic (#4, #6, #7 or no number) LDPE - Film Plastic (bags, sheet, etc.) GLASS Glass-Clear Glass-Green Glass- Brown METAL Ferrous Metals Aluminum and Other Non-ferrous Metals (Al Cans) ORGANIC Yard Waste Construction Wood Waste Food Waste Miscellaneous Organics SPECIAL Rubber – Except Tires WASTES Textiles/Cloth Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) Tires Appliances and Electronics Incl. Dry Cell Batteries Used Oil C&D Miscellaneous Inorganic Fines 4.8 Sampling Procedure The procedure for taking the samples to be sorted involved the following steps: GBB – C08054-02 19 December 23, 2009 1. The trucks selected for the detailed categorization of materials, shown in Table 8, were chosen by the Nth Truck method of random selection by the Site Manager. 2. The selected trucks were directed by the spotter to the sort tipping area, which was located near the normal tipping area, and the entire truck was dumped. 3. The Site Manager interviewed the driver to obtain the hauler name, type of waste collected (residential, commercial, governmental, or mixed), and location or locations on the island where the waste originated. In addition, the tag number of the truck was recorded. The truck was directed to dump the entire load at the sampling unload site. 4. The Site Manager directed the front-end loader operator to take a single-grab sample from a randomly designated section of the load and place it on a plastic sheet used to isolate the sample. The grab location was selected using a random number between 1 and 12 previously generated for each day. The numbers correspond to the 12-grid location for the unloaded waste as shown in Exhibit C. 5. The sample placed into the plastic sheet by the front-end loader bucket was moved in stages to the sort table for sorting into the material categories. 4.9 Sorting As mentioned above, the selected sample was moved in stages from the plastic sheet to the sort table. The sort table was located in a circle of waste carts provided by the VIWMA. One or more carts were used for each material. The carts were labeled with the material type using a felt-tip marker. Literacy was an issue, which was addressed by fastening a sample to each cart to illustrate the type of material collected in that cart. For example, the Natural HDPE cart had a milk jug stuck in the hinge. Also, nicknames were used to identify some materials; for example, “milk jug” was used for material made of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Figure 9 shows the sorting setup at the Anguilla Landfill with the sorters, sorting table, individual material carts, front-loader, and the plastic sheet with the sample (on the ground behind the sorter in the blue coveralls). The sorting table was loaded with a number of bags of waste or loose waste to be sorted. The sorters then identified materials and placed the separated materials in the appropriate cart. The sorters manually opened bags and placed the materials in the appropriate cart. Sorters were asked to specialize in certain material groups: one for the paper categories, another plastic, another glass and metals, etc. In this way, sorters became knowledgeable in a short period of time as to the characteristics of their individual material category. The Site Manager and Assistant Site Manager had to do a quality control check to ensure that the material sorts were correct. This was done visually by inspecting the carts, removing miss- sorts, pointing out the error to the sorters and moving the item. GBB – C08054-02 20 December 23, 2009 Figure 9 – Anguilla Landfill Sorting Setup Once the sample was broken down into the 31 material categories, each of the carts was weighed and the weights recorded. After the sample was completely sorted and the containers weighed, they were emptied. The front-end loader moved the entire sample back to the landfill face. 4.10 Data Recording The Site Manager was responsible for overseeing all weighing and data recording of each sample. Once each sample was sorted into its material categories and Fines swept from the table into a container, the weighing was performed. Each container of sorted materials from the completed samples was weighed on a digital platform scale provided by GBB. Sorters carried the containers of sorted material, placed them on the scale, and the Site Manager recorded all data. The sorters then emptied the containers, and each was weighed empty. This weight was also recorded. The MSW Characterization Form (Exhibit A) was used to record the weights of each component, as well as to record other sampling data. The data on the MSW Characterization Form were entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet for analysis. 4.11 Bulk Waste Visual Survey The material categories in the MSW list are not appropriate for characterizing bulk wastes by visual inspection. Therefore, a bulk debris material list, including brief descriptions, was developed by GBB. There are fewer categories in the bulk waste stream that warrant detailed GBB – C08054-02 21 December 23, 2009 sorting and characterization. Also, these categories are the ones predominantly found in bulk waste. The bulk waste materials list which was used for the visual inspections is provided in Table 9. As mentioned, the VIWMA utilizes drop-off sites, four on St. Croix and 26 on St. Thomas, with roll-off bins for waste collection. This results in these bins being used for waste from all sources. In addition, bulk roll-off bins from a variety of commercial sources were visually inspected. Table 9 – Bulk Material Categories Category Material PAPER Corrugated Cardboard BAGGED MSW Residential METAL Appliances Other Metals YARD WASTE All WOOD Untreated Wood – Lumber/Pallets Treated/Painted/Processed Wood INERT Concrete/Block/Stone/Dirt/Sand/ Glass CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL Drywall/Roofing/Insulation/Carpet OTHER WASTE Tires Electronics Furniture, etc Mixed Bulk/Other Unclassified Plastic (All types, Any Items) Paint/Oil/Chemicals/HHW Visual surveys of bulk waste were made near the landfill sort area at Bovoni and near the working face at Anguilla. Each selected load was dumped, as described previously, but in the dump area adjacent to the working face. Figure 10 shows a bulk load dumped at the Anguilla site. The landfill dozer operator waited while the Site Manager conducted the visual survey. Visual surveying of a load of bulk waste involved the following steps: 1. The volume of the incoming load was recorded prior to unloading and then the “percent full” of the vehicle was estimated using the Bulk Load Visual Survey Form (Exhibit B). Also, the source of the load and the truck identification were recorded after interviewing the driver. 2. The dumped load of bulk waste material was spread out using the loader so that it was possible to see dense materials such as block chips and sand that tend to sink to the bottom of the pile. GBB – C08054-02 22 December 23, 2009 3. A walk around the spread-out load was made to note the major material categories present: cardboard, drywall, lumber, etc. An estimate was made of the volume percentage of the load for the major materials. 4. A second walk around the load was made to note the other minor categories using the Bulk Load Visual Survey Form, to estimate their percentage, and to take photos. 5. Quality control of the collected data included verification that the estimated percentages summed to 100 percent. The residential and commercial waste that was included in the bulk waste loads was categorized as “bagged MSW” in the visual samples. These bulk-waste bags were assigned the “average composition of MSW” based on the detailed manual sort results. Samples of bulk waste loads are shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11. Figure 10 – Bulk Waste Load Sample GBB – C08054-02 23 December 23, 2009 Figure 11 – Bulk Waste Load Sample 5. Data Analysis The waste characterization data analysis was done in two steps: 1. Development of material composition characterization in weight and percentages from the sample data; and 2. Extrapolation of the characterization to the total quantity of solid waste for each island. This section of the study discusses the analysis methodology used in this study. 5.1 Composition As mentioned above, the data were entered into the field data sheets as the individual samples were weighed. These field data sheets were entered into Microsoft Excel spread sheets: (1) MSW Waste Characterization and (2) Bulk Load Visual Survey. These spreadsheets calculated the arithmetic mean and standard deviation for each material category. Also, the 90 percent confidence interval, which is the industry accepted standard for variation, was calculated for each material category. The confidence interval reflects the homogeneity of the samples for the category: the smaller the confidence interval, the greater the consistency for the category. GBB – C08054-02 24 December 23, 2009 The mean, confidence limits and percentage composition statistics were calculated for each island and generator type. Also, the statistics for the overall waste stream for each island were calculated. 5.2 Quantity Calculations The daily scalehouse data sheets showing the categories of waste8 These daily waste quantity totals for the sort week at the Anguilla Landfill on St. Croix and the Bovoni Landfill on St. Thomas have been converted to tons, as mentioned above, and are shown in Table 10 and Table 11, respectively. In addition, Table 10 and Table 11 show the daily truck count for each waste category at Anguilla Landfill and Bovoni Landfill, respectively. Note that Fill is not a waste but material used for daily cover. Also, not all weights were recorded during this week. The last row shows the number and percentage of trucks for which weights were recorded each day. for each island during the sort weeks were provided by VIWMA. This allowed the quantity of waste delivered by each truck to be summed by generator category for each island. For some deliveries, the data were recorded as weight in tons and some had no weights. For those with no weight, the truck volume in cubic yards, multiplied by the percent fullness of the truck, was used. These were later converted to weight, in tons, by GBB using standard industry factors. 8 The waste categories used are those from the VIWMA scalehouse data sheets. GBB – C08054-02 25 December 23, 2009 Table 10 – Anguilla Landfill Sort Week Quantity, by Category (tons) Waste Category Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Total 2/23/2009 2/24/2009 2/25/2009 2/26/2009 2/27/2009 Truck Composite Weight Truck Composite Weight Truck Composite Weight Truck Composite Weight Truck Composite Weight Truck Composite Weight Percent Weight Count Count Count Count Count Count Residential 40 106.9 37 105.5 33 51.2 40 116.4 35 96.8 185 477 31% Commercial 38 113.9 9 15.7 10 30.9 12 29.5 10 32.6 79 223 14% Construction & Demolition 9 42.8 13 50.5 12 36.1 15 60.1 9 24.9 58 214 14% Green Waste 7 26.7 8 11.9 6 12.8 8 14.6 5 24.6 34 91 6% Metal 7 9.7 10 15.0 10 24.1 9 15.1 5 4.2 41 68 4% Fill 7 109.8 0 0.0 1 33.0 5 102.6 7 107.3 20 353 23% Other 3 4.5 4 27.0 5 25.9 5 21.3 5 7.3 22 86 6% Blank (1) 12 12.9 2 0.0 0 0.0 3 1.1 12 14.1 29 28 2% Total 123 427.2 83 225.5 77 214.1 97 360.7 88 311.9 468 1539 100% Trucks with weights 54 44% 72 87% 72 94% 73 75% 70 80% 341 76% TOTAL WASTE 116 317 83 225 76 181 92 258 81 205 448 1,187 (1) The waste category, "Blank," indicates that no data were supplied for the waste category for a particular truck on the scalehouse log form. GBB – C08054-02 26 December 23, 2009 Table 11 – Bovoni Landfill Sort Week Quantity, by Category (tons) Waste Category Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Total 3/2/2009 3/3/2009 3/4/2009 3/5/2009 3/6/2009 Truck Scale Weight Truck Scale Weight Truck Scale Weight Truck Scale Weight Truck Scale Weight Truck Scale Weight Percent Weight Count Count Count Count Count Count Residential 91 226.7 88 191.5 95 228.0 64 111.2 80 154.5 418 912 35% Commercial 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0 0% Construction & Demolition 2 13.4 5 4.8 7 44.0 3 14.0 1 8.4 18 85 3% Green Waste 1 2.5 6 2.4 5 7.5 1 0.9 1 0.4 14 14 1% Metal 2 5.1 3 1.4 4 64.8 2 1.1 4 10.4 15 83 3% Fill 47 1410.0 4 62.1 1 12.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 52 1484 56% Other 0 0.0 1 7.1 2 6.7 1 2.3 5 26.5 9 43 2% Blank (1) 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 14.7 0 0.0 1 0.7 2 15 1% Total 143 1657.6 107 269.2 115 377.9 71 129.5 92 200.9 528 2635 100% Trucks with Weights 93 65% 106 99% 114 99% 71 100% 92 100% 476 93% TOTAL WASTE 96 248 103 207 114 366 71 130 92 201 476 1,151 (1) The waste category, "Blank," indicates that no data were supplied for the waste category for a particular truck on the scalehouse log form. GBB – C08054-02 27 December 23, 2009 6. Findings The objective of the 2009 Solid Waste Stream Characterization Study, as discussed above, was to obtain a snapshot of the current composition data on the solid waste being disposed at the landfills on St. Croix and St. Thomas. These composition data will be used to assist in the waste management system planning by VIWMA, including the planning of each proposed RDF facility and energy-generation facility. In the following sections, the data are presented for each of the two landfills and then for the entire Virgin Islands system. The quantities of waste are distributed among the generator source categories for the refuse trucks sorted in the weeks of waste characterization, February 23 through March 6, 2009. These quantity data were provided by the VIWMA, as discussed in Section 3.2, and are summarized in Table 12. The system wide data were developed by combining the data from the two landfills as provided by the VIWMA. In each of these sections, the data are presented by generator type and aggregated. These quantities and the total quantity estimates discussed in Section 1 have been analyzed to arrive at an estimate of the total solid waste for each island and landfill in 2008. These estimates are shown in Table 12. The annual quantity of each material that makes up the composition was determined by the analysis of the sort data. Multiplying the quantity for each category - Residential, Commercial, and Bulk Loads – produces the individual annual quantities provided in the following sections. Table 12 – Estimated 12-Month 2008/2009 Waste Quantity by Generator and Landfill (tons)(1) Generator Source Category St. Croix St. Thomas (Bovoni) St. John(2) Total Bovoni Total (Anguilla) Residential 30,355 12,686 12,686 43,042 Commercial (incl. Industrial and Institutional) 21,233 28,110 28,110 49,343 Residential and Commercial 51,588 40,797 40,797 92,384 Bulk Loads 29,971 16,080 8,638 24,718 54,689 Total Processable MSW 81,558 56,877 8,638 65,515 147,073 Total Waste(3) 104,402 67,748 8,638 76,386 180,788 (1) Months samples shown in Appendix 1 and Appendix 2. (2) Solid waste from St. John is transferred to St. Thomas and disposed in the Bovoni Landfill. On St. John, residential and commercial waste is disposed in 28 bin sites distributed throughout the island. From the visual inspections of bulk loads performed in St. Thomas, about 36 percent of the incoming bulk loads was found to be bagged MSW. The remainder includes yard waste, wood waste and paper which account for 47 percent; C&D and others represent the final 17%. (3) Total waste included processable MSW, green waste, C&D waste, scrap metal and other waste. GBB – C08054-02 28 December 23, 2009 6.1 St. Croix, Anguilla Landfill During the 2008/2009 12-month period, the Anguilla Landfill received an estimated total of 104,402 tons of solid waste, of which 81,558 was processable, as discussed before in Section 3.2. Approximately 29 percent of this waste was from residential generators, and 20 percent from commercial generators. The remainder, 22,844 tons or 22 percent of the waste, was made up of green waste, scrap metal, C&D waste, and other waste. The green waste was landfilled along with the MSW. Scrap metal was diverted after passing over the scale to the scrap processor for recycling. C&D waste was diverted if it was inert (dirt, rock, concrete, etc) and could be used for landfill road construction; otherwise, it was sent to the working face. Other waste was landfilled. Adding 11,399 tons of green waste to the processable waste results in an estimated 92,957 tons of MSW. This MSW is considered processable, making up an estimated 89 percent of the total landfilled waste. In the following sections, the results of the waste sorts completed at the Anguilla Landfill are presented. The presentation of the composition percentages and the estimated quantity of each constituent is in the following order: 1. Residential waste; 2. Commercial waste; 3. Combined residential and commercial waste; 4. Bulk waste; and 5. Total waste for St. Croix. 6.1.1. Residential Waste Figure 12 shows the composition of the residential solid waste being landfilled in the Anguilla Landfill based on the February 2009 sorts. The categories remain the same as described above, and it can be seen that the major components of the residential waste are the same as the overall MSW with some changes in the percentages. The major components, making up 77 percent of the residential waste, are: • Paper – 34.3% • Plastic – 15.3% • Food Waste – 13.1% • Yard Waste – 8.9% • Glass – 7.6% GBB – C08054-02 29 December 23, 2009 Figure 12 – St. Croix, Residential Waste When the residential composition is compared to the U.S. EPA composition for MSW presented in Section 1, the pattern is similar. Paper is the largest constituent at more than 30 percent, and plastics, food waste and yard waste form the next three. Plastic in St. Croix residential waste is a little higher than U.S. EPA and food waste is about the same. Yard waste is higher in the U.S. EPA composition than for St. Croix residential waste. The specific results of the characterization can be seen in Table 13, where the data for each material in each category are shown. Paper, 34.3% Plastic, 15.3% Glass, 7.6% Metals, 5.0% Yard Waste, 8.9% Wood Waste, 1.2% Food Waste, 13.1% Other Organics, 7.1% Other Inorganic, 7.2% Electronics, etc, 0.3% GBB – C08054-02 30 December 23, 2009 Table 13 – St. Croix, Residential Waste Composition 6.1.2. Commercial Waste The composition of the commercial solid waste being landfilled in the Anguilla Landfill based on the February 2009 sorts is shown graphically in Figure 13. The categories remain the same as described in the overall MSW and the residential waste. It can be seen that the major components of the commercial waste are the same, with some changes in the percentages including increases in paper and food waste. The major components, making up 85 percent of the commercial waste are: • Paper – 39.3% • Food Waste – 19.5% 90% Conf Estimated 90% Conf Category Category Material % of Total +/- % Annual Tons +/- Tons % PAPER 34.3% 1 Newsprint 2.3% 1.2% 688 371 2 Office Paper 2.6% 1.7% 786 502 3 Magazines 6.5% 6.8% 1,983 2,059 4 Corrugated Cardboard (OCC) & Kraft Paper 8.5% 1.9% 2,578 579 5 Paper Board 3.5% 0.6% 1,076 174 6 Other Paper - Dirty 10.9% 2.3% 3,315 686 PLASTIC 15.3% 7 PET (#1) Containers 2.1% 0.4% 645 122 8 HDPE (#2) Containers - Natural 1.2% 0.3% 370 93 9 HDPE (#2) Containers - Colored 1.5% 0.3% 450 83 10 Dirty Plastic 0.0% 0.0% 5 6 11 Foam - Polystyrene (#6) 1.3% 0.4% 381 107 12 Other Rigid Plastic 3.8% 2.6% 1,167 792 13 LDPE - Film Plastic (bags, sheet, etc.) 5.4% 1.3% 1,628 404 GLASS 7.6% 14 Glass - Clear 3.2% 0.9% 973 280 15 Glass - Green 2.6% 1.0% 779 308 16 Glass - Brown 1.8% 0.5% 544 152 METALS 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 5.0% 17 Ferrous Metals 3.7% 0.8% 1,131 252 18 Non-Ferrous Metals (Incl. Al Cans) 1.3% 0.3% 383 96 ORGANICS 23.2% 19 Yard Waste 8.9% 4.7% 2,704 1,415 20 Wood Waste 1.2% 0.5% 377 165 21 Food Waste 13.1% 4.1% 3,964 1,250 22 Miscellaneous Organics 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 SPECIAL WASTES 14.6% 23 Rubber – Except tires 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 24 Textiles 7.1% 2.1% 2,144 631 25 Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 26 Tires 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 27 Appliances and Electronics incl. Dry Cell Batteries 0.3% 0.2% 106 61 28 Used Oil 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 29 C&D 3.2% 2.9% 983 877 30 Miscellaneous Inorganic 0.9% 0.6% 264 195 31 Fines 3.1% 0.9% 933 273 TOTAL Estimated Annual Waste Quantity (tons) 30,355 11,933 100.0% GBB – C08054-02 31 December 23, 2009 • Plastic – 13.1% • Yard Waste – 7.3% • Glass – 6.0% When compared to the St. Croix residential composition, commercial waste shows some differences. These include a significantly higher percentage of paper and food waste, 39 vs. 34 percent and 20 vs. 13 percent, respectively. Wood waste increased significantly and plastics decreased. Figure 13 – St. Croix, Commercial Waste The specific results of the characterization can be seen in Table 14, where the data for each material in each category are shown. Paper, 39.3% Plastic, 13.1% Glass, 6.0% Metals, 4.3% Yard Waste, 7.3% Wood Waste, 5.7% Food Waste, 19.5% Other Organics, 2.1% Other Inorganic, 2.3% Electronics, etc, 0.4% GBB – C08054-02 32 December 23, 2009 Table 14 – St. Croix, Commercial Waste Composition 6.1.3. Combined Residential and Commercial Waste Figure 14 shows a summary of the combined residential and commercial waste composition that was derived from the data collected during the waste sort conducted the week of February 23, 2009, at the Anguilla Landfill. As noted in Table 6, a total of 26 samples of MSW were sorted to obtain the St. Croix data. The percentages for categories shown in Figure 14 are sums of the individual sort categories. For example, paper includes newspaper, cardboard, magazines, etc. Over 80 percent of the residential and commercial waste disposed at the Anguilla Landfill is comprised of the following five categories: 90% Conf Estimated 90% Conf Category Category Material % of Total +/- % Annual Tons +/- Tons % PAPER 39.3% 1 Newsprint 0.2% 0.1% 41 30 2 Office Paper 1.5% 1.6% 319 342 3 Magazines 2.2% 2.3% 459 483 4 Corrugated Cardboard (OCC) & Kraft Paper 23.1% 12.4% 4,907 2,625 5 Paper Board 3.9% 1.7% 826 359 6 Other Paper - Dirty 8.5% 3.1% 1,797 649 PLASTIC 13.1% 7 PET (#1) Containers 1.9% 1.4% 407 289 8 HDPE (#2) Containers - Natural 0.4% 0.2% 89 34 9 HDPE (#2) Containers - Colored 0.9% 0.5% 195 101 10 Dirty Plastic 0.9% 1.4% 185 304 11 Foam - Polystyrene (#6) 2.5% 2.1% 525 440 12 Other Rigid Plastic 1.0% 0.7% 215 139 13 LDPE - Film Plastic (bags, sheet, etc.) 5.5% 1.8% 1,160 380 GLASS 6.0% 14 Glass - Clear 2.7% 1.5% 573 308 15 Glass - Green 1.5% 1.0% 326 221 16 Glass - Brown 1.8% 1.1% 377 223 METALS 4.3% 17 Ferrous Metals 3.8% 2.5% 806 536 18 Non-Ferrous Metals (Incl. Al Cans) 0.5% 0.3% 100 71 ORGANICS 32.6% 19 Yard Waste 7.3% 7.1% 1,543 1,508 20 Wood Waste 5.7% 7.3% 1,219 1,546 21 Food Waste 19.5% 8.7% 4,150 1,856 22 Miscellaneous Organics 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 SPECIAL WASTES 4.8% 23 Rubber – Except tires 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 24 Textiles 2.1% 1.1% 447 236 25 Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 26 Tires 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 27 Appliances and Electronics incl. Dry Cell Batteries 0.4% 0.6% 86 128 28 Used Oil 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 29 C&D 0.2% 0.4% 50 82 30 Miscellaneous Inorganic 1.1% 1.9% 241 396 31 Fines 0.9% 0.8% 190 173 TOTAL Estimated Annual Waste Quantity (tons) 21,233 13,459 100.0% GBB – C08054-02 33 December 23, 2009 • Paper – 35.9% • Food Waste – 15.1% • Plastic – 14.6% • Yard Waste – 8.4% • Glass – 7.1% Within paper, the largest single category, cardboard, made up 13 percent of that category. It should be noted that paper includes the dirty paper category which was heavily contaminated with food waste and other wet substances. Similarly, plastic includes the dirty plastic category which was also contaminated with food waste and other wet materials. Figure 14 – St. Croix, Residential and Commercial Waste Composition Summary Table 15 presents the detailed waste characterization for the combined residential and commercial waste, based on the waste sort conducted at the Anguilla Landfill. It was computed by combining the samples of the waste from the residential and commercial sources. The percentage for each material category occurring in the MSW is represented by its arithmetic mean and its 90 percent confidence interval. By multiplying by the estimated MSW quantity measured during the February 2009 waste sort, the quantities of each material received at Anguilla Landfill in 2008 are estimated. Also, the 90 percent confidence level quantities are shown, which when added or subtracted from the expected quantity provides the range for that category. Paper, 35.9% Plastic, 14.6% Glass, 7.1% Metals, 4.8% Yard Waste, 8.4% Wood Waste, 2.6% Food Waste, 15.1% Other Organics, 5.5% Other Inorganic, 5.7% Electronics, etc, 0.4% GBB – C08054-02 34 December 23, 2009 Table 15 – St. Croix, Combined Residential and Commercial Waste Composition 6.1.4. Bulk Waste Figure 15 shows the St. Croix bulk waste composition that was derived from the data collected during the visual waste inspections conducted the week of February 23, 2009, at the Anguilla Landfill. A total of 32 samples of bulk waste were visually inspected to obtain these data. The percentages of categories shown in Figure 15 are summed from a number of the individual sort categories. For example, metals include appliances and other metals, C&D includes inert and construction materials, and the other bulk category includes everything within the category except plastic. The largest single constituent is bagged MSW, which is assumed to have the same composition as the combined residential and commercial waste. Three-quarters of the bulk waste disposed at the Anguilla Landfill, found in the top four categories, is comprised of: 90% Conf Estimated 90% Conf Category Category Material % of Total +/- % Annual Tons +/- Tons % PAPER 35.9% 1 Newsprint 1.6% 0.9% 837 7 2 Office Paper 2.3% 1.2% 1,161 14 3 Magazines 5.2% 4.7% 2,669 126 4 Corrugated Cardboard (OCC) & Kraft Paper 13.0% 4.7% 6,725 317 5 Paper Board 3.7% 0.7% 1,884 12 6 Other Paper - Dirty 10.2% 1.8% 5,239 94 PLASTIC 14.6% 7 PET (#1) Containers 2.1% 0.5% 1,063 5 8 HDPE (#2) Containers - Natural 1.0% 0.2% 501 1 9 HDPE (#2) Containers - Colored 1.3% 0.2% 675 2 10 Dirty Plastic 0.3% 0.4% 145 1 11 Foam - Polystyrene (#6) 1.6% 0.7% 842 6 12 Other Rigid Plastic 3.0% 1.8% 1,529 28 13 LDPE - Film Plastic (bags, sheet, etc.) 5.4% 1.1% 2,783 30 GLASS 7.1% 14 Glass - Clear 3.0% 0.8% 1,573 12 15 Glass - Green 2.2% 0.8% 1,159 9 16 Glass - Brown 1.8% 0.5% 922 4 METALS 4.8% 17 Ferrous Metals 3.7% 0.9% 1,933 18 18 Non-Ferrous Metals (Incl. Al Cans) 1.0% 0.3% 524 1 ORGANICS 26.1% 19 Yard Waste 8.4% 3.8% 4,331 165 20 Wood Waste 2.6% 2.3% 1,362 31 21 Food Waste 15.1% 4.1% 7,777 318 22 Miscellaneous Organics 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 SPECIAL WASTES 11.5% 23 Rubber – Except tires 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 24 Textiles 5.5% 1.6% 2,849 45 25 Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 26 Tires 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 27 Appliances and Electronics incl. Dry Cell Batteries 0.4% 0.2% 188 0 28 Used Oil 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 29 C&D 2.3% 2.0% 1,189 0 30 Miscellaneous Inorganic 1.0% 0.7% 491 3 31 Fines 2.4% 0.7% 1,236 9 TOTAL Estimated Annual Waste Quantity (tons) 51,588 1,261 100.0% GBB – C08054-02 35 December 23, 2009 • MSW – 30.7% • Yard Waste – 21.3% • Untreated Wood Waste 15.5% • Paper – 11.2% Figure 15 – St. Croix, Bulk Waste Table 16 presents the detailed waste characterization for the bulk waste visual inspection conducted at the Anguilla Landfill. It provides the summary of the bulk waste data. The table shows the percentage of each material with the arithmetic mean and the 90 percent confidence interval for each material category. These values were converted to a volume estimate based upon the recorded size of the roll-off container and the percentage fullness. These material volume estimates were then used to estimate the weight of each material by multiplying by the bulk density. Paper, 11.2% MSW, 30.7% Metals, 2.5% Furniture, 3.7% Yard Waste, 21.3% Wood Waste Untreated, 15.5% Wood Waste Treated/Painted/Pro cessed, 1.7% C&D, 2.8% Other Bulk, 5.3% Plastic, 5.4% GBB – C08054-02 36 December 23, 2009 Table 16 – St. Croix, Bulk Waste 6.1.5. St. Croix Total Waste Table 17 shows an overall composition summary of the combined residential and commercial waste and the bulk wastes. The Summary was derived from the data collected during the waste sort conducted the week of February 23, 2009, at the Anguilla Landfill. This was generated by combining the estimated waste quantities, in tons, from Table 15 and Table 16. The categories shown in bulk waste are slightly different from those in the MSW. As mentioned above, the largest single constituent in bulk waste is bagged MSW, which is assumed to have the same composition as the combined residential and commercial waste. Over 76 percent of the overall waste disposed at the Anguilla Landfill is comprised of the following three categories: • Organics – 32.4% • Paper – 31.2% • Plastic – 13.0% Within paper, one of the two largest single categories, cardboard made up 45 percent of that category and represented 14 percent of the total. It should be noted that paper includes the dirty paper category which was heavily contaminated with food waste and other wet substances. Similarly, plastic includes the dirty plastic category which was also contaminated with food waste and other wet materials. % OF 90% conf. Annual 90% conf. Category Category Material TOTAL +/- % Tons +/- Tons % PAPER Corrugated Cardboard 11.2% 5.7% 3,347 1,703 11.2% BAG MSW Residential Household Trash 30.7% 8.1% 9,191 2,427 30.7% METAL 2.5% Appliances 0.3% 0.6% 100 178 Other Metals 2.2% 1.5% 644 462 YARD WASTE All Types, Any ITEM 21.3% 5.4% 6,369 1,631 21.3% WOOD 17.2% Untreated Wood; Pallets, Lumber 15.5% 4.3% 4,645 1,286 Treated/Painted/Processed Wood 1.7% 1.5% 519 452 INERT Concrete/Block/Stone/Dirt/Sand/Glass 1.6% 2.9% 475 865 1.6% CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL Drywall/Roofing/Insulation/Carpet 1.3% 0.8% 375 226 1.3% OTHER WASTE 14.4% Tires 0.1% 0.2% 25 75 Electronics 0.1% 0.2% 25 75 Furniture 3.7% 3.2% 1,099 957 Mixed Bulk/Other Unclassified 5.2% 2.8% 1,543 849 Plastic (All types, Any item) 5.4% 5.1% 1,613 1,525 Paint/Chemicals/Oil/HHW 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 Total All Waste Present in Load 100.00% 29,971 12,712 100.0% GBB – C08054-02 37 December 23, 2009 Table 17 – St. Croix, Overall Waste Composition 6.2 St. Thomas, Bovoni Landfill During the 12-month 2008/2009 period, the Bovoni Landfill received an estimated total of 76,386 tons of solid waste. This includes 8,638 tons of waste from St. John, as discussed in Section 3.2. Approximately 17 percent of this waste was from residential generators, 37 percent was from commercial generators, and 32 percent in bulk loads. The remainder, 10,871 Estimated MSW Estimated Bulk Estimated Percent Category Material Annual Tons Annual Tons Total Waste Composition PAPER 18,515 6,645 25,161 30.8% 1 Newsprint 837 149 986 1.2% 2 Office Paper 1,161 207 1,368 1.7% 3 Magazines 2,669 475 3,144 3.9% 4 Corrugated Cardboard (OCC) & Kraft Paper 6,725 4,545 11,270 13.8% 5 Paper Board 1,884 336 2,219 2.7% 6 Other Paper - Dirty 5,239 933 6,173 7.6% PLASTIC 7,538 2,956 10,494 12.9% 7 PET (#1) Containers 1,063 189 1,252 1.5% 8 HDPE (#2) Containers - Natural 501 89 590 0.7% 9 HDPE (#2) Containers - Colored 675 120 795 1.0% 10 Dirty Plastic 145 26 171 0.2% 11 Foam - Polystyrene (#6) 842 150 993 1.2% 12 Other Rigid Plastic 1,529 272 1,801 2.2% 13 LDPE - Film Plastic (bags, sheet, etc.) 2,783 496 3,279 4.0% GLASS 3,653 651 4,304 5.3% 14 Glass - Clear 1,573 280 1,853 2.3% 15 Glass - Green 1,159 206 1,365 1.7% 16 Glass - Brown 922 164 1,086 1.3% METALS 2,457 1,082 3,540 4.3% 17 Ferrous Metals 1,933 989 2,922 3.6% 18 Non-Ferrous Metals (Incl. Al Cans) 524 93 617 0.8% ORGANICS 13,471 13,414 26,886 33.0% 19 Yard Waste 4,331 7,140 11,472 14.1% 20 Wood Waste 1,362 4,888 6,251 7.7% 21 Food Waste 7,777 1,386 9,163 11.2% 22 Miscellaneous Organics 0 0 0 0.0% SPECIAL WASTES 5,953 5,221 11,174 13.7% 23 Rubber – Except tires 0 0 0 0.0% 24 Textiles 2,849 508 3,356 4.1% 25 Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) 0 0 0 0.0% 26 Tires 0 25 25 0.0% 27 Appliances & Electronics incl. Dry Cell Batteries 188 158 347 0.4% 28 Used Oil 0 0 0 0.0% 29 C&D 1,189 3,124 4,313 5.3% 30 Miscellaneous Inorganic 491 1,186 1,677 2.1% 31 Fines 1,236 220 1,456 1.8% TOTAL Estimated Annual Waste Quantity (tons) 51,588 29,971 81,558 100.0% St. Croix, Anguilla Overall Composition GBB – C08054-02 38 December 23, 2009 tons or 14 percent, of the waste is made up of green waste, scrap metal, C&D waste, and other waste.9 In the following sections, the results of the waste sorts completed at the Bovoni Landfill are presented. The presentation of the composition percentages and the estimated quantity of each constituent is in the following order: The green waste is landfilled along with the MSW. Scrap metal is diverted after passing over the scale to the scrap processor for recycling. C&D waste is diverted if it is inert and can be used for landfill road construction or sent to the working face. Other waste is landfilled. 1. Residential waste; 2. Commercial waste; 3. Combined residential and commercial waste; 4. Bulk waste; and 5. Total waste for St. Thomas. 6.2.1. Residential Waste Figure 16 shows the composition of the residential solid waste being landfilled in the Bovoni Landfill. The categories remain the same as described above, and it can be seen that the majority of the residential waste is comprised of: • Paper – 31.6% • Plastic – 21.8% • Food Waste –11.1 % • Yard Waste – 8.2% • Wood Waste – 6.9% 9 The percent composition of the waste landfilled in the Bovoni Landfill was calculated using the sampling procedure described in the Waste Characterization Protocol document and based on the data of the sources for the waste. St. John waste is also landfilled at Bovoni, but its composition (residential, commercial and bulk) is unknown, so the composition for the waste at St. John was assumed to be the same for St. Thomas and divided proportionally to add up to each of the three categories, resulting in the reported distribution. GBB – C08054-02 39 December 23, 2009 Figure 16 – St. Thomas, Residential Waste When the residential composition is compared to the U.S. EPA composition for MSW presented in Section 1 and to St. Croix residential waste, the pattern is similar. Paper is the largest constituent at more than 30 percent, and plastics, food waste and yard waste form the next three. Plastic in St. Thomas residential waste is much higher than in St. Croix and in U.S. EPA data, and food waste is slightly lower. Yard waste is higher in the U.S. EPA composition than for St. Thomas residential waste and about the same as St. Croix. The specific results of the characterization can be seen in Table 18, where the data for each material in each category are shown. Paper, 31.6% Plastic, 21.8% Glass, 6.8% Metals, 5.1% Yard Waste, 8.2% Wood Waste, 6.9% Food Waste, 11.1% Other Organics, 3.0% Other Inorganic, 4.3% Electronics, etc, 1.2% GBB – C08054-02 40 December 23, 2009 Table 18 – St. Thomas, Residential Waste Composition 6.2.2. Commercial Waste The results from the samples collected from commercial waste generators can be seen graphically in Figure 17. The commercial waste results show that the major components of the commercial waste are: • Paper – 40.1% • Food Waste – 26.6% 90% Conf Estimated 90% Conf Material Category Material % of Total +/- % Annual Tons +/- Tons Category PAPER 31.6% 1 Newsprint 2.0% 0.9% 260 116 2 Office Paper 2.2% 1.4% 283 181 3 Magazines 1.4% 0.9% 173 115 4 Corrugated Cardboard (OCC) & Kraft Paper 13.3% 4.0% 1,692 503 5 Paper Board 1.9% 0.4% 237 49 6 Other Paper - Dirty 10.8% 3.5% 1,369 443 PLASTIC 21.8% 7 PET (#1) Containers 2.2% 0.4% 274 54 8 HDPE (#2) Containers - Natural 1.0% 0.2% 133 29 9 HDPE (#2) Containers - Colored 1.2% 0.2% 149 31 10 Dirty Plastic 8.1% 2.8% 1,026 361 11 Foam - Polystyrene (#6) 1.0% 0.2% 131 26 12 Other Rigid Plastic 4.6% 2.1% 580 265 13 LDPE - Film Plastic (bags, sheet, etc.) 3.8% 1.1% 479 140 GLASS 6.8% 14 Glass - Clear 2.7% 0.6% 336 71 15 Glass - Green 2.3% 0.5% 296 64 16 Glass - Brown 1.8% 0.5% 230 61 METALS 5.1% 17 Ferrous Metals 3.1% 0.8% 389 99 18 Non-Ferrous Metals (Incl. Al Cans) 2.0% 1.6% 253 203 ORGANICS 26.3% 19 Yard Waste 8.2% 3.9% 1,043 491 20 Wood Waste 6.9% 4.6% 877 588 21 Food Waste 11.1% 3.4% 1,412 434 22 Miscellaneous Organics 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 SPECIAL WASTES 8.4% 23 Rubber – Except tires 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 24 Textiles 3.0% 1.1% 375 139 25 Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 26 Tires 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 27 Appliances and Electronics incl. Dry Cell Batteries 1.2% 0.5% 149 60 28 Used Oil 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 29 C&D 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 30 Miscellaneous Inorganic 1.5% 1.3% 186 171 31 Fines 2.8% 1.5% 356 193 TOTAL Estimated Annual Waste Quantity (tons) 12,686 4,889 100.0% GBB – C08054-02 41 December 23, 2009 • Plastic – 17.4% • Yard Waste – 6.0% • Glass –3.0 % When compared to the St. Croix commercial composition, St. Thomas commercial waste shows some differences. These include a significantly higher percentage of food waste and plastic: 27 vs. 20 percent and 17 vs. 13 percent, respectively. Paper and yard waste were approximately the same as for St. Croix commercial waste; however, glass decreased. Figure 17 – St. Thomas, Commercial Waste The specific results of the characterization can be seen in Table 19, where the data for each material in each category are shown. GBB – C08054-02 42 December 23, 2009 Table 19 – St. Thomas, Commercial Waste Composition 6.2.3. Combined Residential and Commercial Waste Figure 18 shows a summary of the combined residential and commercial waste composition that was derived from the data collected during the waste sort conducted the week of March 2, 2009. As noted in Table 6, a total of 23 samples of MSW were sorted to obtain this data. The percentages of categories shown in Figure 18 are sums of the individual sort categories. For example, paper includes newspaper, cardboard, magazines, etc. The majority of the waste disposed at the Bovoni Landfill is comprised of: 90% Conf Estimated 90% Conf Material Category Material % of Total +/- % Annual Tons +/- Tons Category PAPER 40.1% 1 Newsprint 1.0% 0.8% 279 236 2 Office Paper 1.4% 1.0% 405 280 3 Magazines 1.3% 1.3% 359 356 4 Corrugated Cardboard (OCC) & Kraft Paper 19.0% 9.7% 5,333 2,716 5 Paper Board 3.2% 3.1% 900 871 6 Other Paper - Dirty 14.2% 5.3% 3,998 1,499 PLASTIC 17.4% 7 PET (#1) Containers 2.3% 1.9% 634 525 8 HDPE (#2) Containers - Natural 0.8% 0.7% 221 208 9 HDPE (#2) Containers - Colored 0.8% 0.5% 219 139 10 Dirty Plastic 8.8% 3.1% 2,460 858 11 Foam - Polystyrene (#6) 0.5% 0.4% 148 120 12 Other Rigid Plastic 0.5% 0.4% 131 124 13 LDPE - Film Plastic (bags, sheet, etc.) 3.8% 1.4% 1,066 388 GLASS 3.0% 14 Glass - Clear 1.4% 0.9% 382 244 15 Glass - Green 0.5% 0.5% 153 133 16 Glass - Brown 1.1% 0.7% 319 187 METALS 2.2% 17 Ferrous Metals 1.8% 1.7% 493 478 18 Non-Ferrous Metals (Incl. Al Cans) 0.4% 0.2% 123 66 ORGANICS 33.6% 19 Yard Waste 6.0% 6.1% 1,681 1,707 20 Wood Waste 0.9% 0.9% 264 254 21 Food Waste 26.6% 39.1% 7,487 10,990 22 Miscellaneous Organics 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 SPECIAL WASTES 3.8% 23 Rubber – Except tires 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 24 Textiles 1.7% 1.6% 470 454 25 Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 26 Tires 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 27 Appliances and Electronics incl. Dry Cell Batteries 1.0% 0.9% 294 248 28 Used Oil 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 29 C&D 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 30 Miscellaneous Inorganic 0.1% 0.2% 30 50 31 Fines 0.9% 1.0% 261 283 TOTAL Estimated Annual Waste Quantity (tons) 28,110 23,416 100.0% GBB – C08054-02 43 December 23, 2009 • Paper – 32.8% • Plastic – 20.6% • Food Waste – 15.3% • Yard Waste – 7.3% • Glass – 6.8% It should be noted that paper includes the dirty paper category which was heavily contaminated with food waste and other wet substances. Similarly, plastic includes the dirty plastic category which was also contaminated with food waste and other wet materials. Figure 18 – St. Thomas, Residential and Commercial Waste Composition Summary Table 20 presents the detailed waste characterization for the waste sort conducted at the Bovoni Landfill. It provides the summary of the combined residential and commercial waste. The table shows the arithmetic mean and the 90 percent confidence interval for each material category. In addition, the estimated distribution of the total waste received at the Bovoni Landfill during the 12-month 2008/2009 period is shown. Paper, 32.8% Plastic, 20.6% Glass, 6.8% Metals, 4.4% Yard Waste, 7.3% Wood Waste, 5.5% Food Waste, 15.3% Other Organics, 2.6% Other Inorganic, 3.8% Electronics, etc, 1.1% GBB – C08054-02 44 December 23, 2009 Table 20 – St. Thomas, Combined Residential and Commercial Waste Composition 6.2.4. Bulk Waste Figure 19 shows a summary of the St. Thomas Bulk Waste composition that was derived from the data collected during the waste sort conducted the week of March 2, 2009, at the Bovoni Landfill. A total of eight samples of bulk waste were visually inspected to obtain these data. The percentages of categories shown in Figure 19 are sums of the individual sort categories. For example, the metals category includes appliances and other metals, C&D includes inert and 90% Conf Estimated 90% Conf Material Category Material % of Total +/- % Annual Tons +/- Tons Category PAPER 32.8% 1 Newsprint 1.8% 0.7% 743 284 2 Office Paper 2.0% 1.1% 814 430 3 Magazines 1.4% 0.7% 577 287 4 Corrugated Cardboard (OCC) & Kraft Paper 14.5% 3.5% 5,916 1,421 5 Paper Board 2.1% 0.6% 862 229 6 Other Paper - Dirty 10.9% 2.8% 4,452 1,132 PLASTIC 20.6% 7 PET (#1) Containers 2.1% 0.4% 857 168 8 HDPE (#2) Containers - Natural 1.0% 0.2% 405 97 9 HDPE (#2) Containers - Colored 1.1% 0.2% 433 100 10 Dirty Plastic 8.1% 2.1% 3,309 875 11 Foam - Polystyrene (#6) 0.9% 0.3% 365 109 12 Other Rigid Plastic 3.6% 1.6% 1,471 658 13 LDPE - Film Plastic (bags, sheet, etc.) 3.9% 0.9% 1,575 355 GLASS 6.8% 14 Glass - Clear 2.6% 0.7% 1,077 268 15 Glass - Green 2.1% 0.6% 867 225 16 Glass - Brown 2.1% 0.8% 840 322 METALS 4.4% 17 Ferrous Metals 2.7% 0.7% 1,118 275 18 Non-Ferrous Metals (Incl. Al Cans) 1.7% 1.2% 674 498 ORGANICS 28.0% 19 Yard Waste 7.3% 3.0% 2,973 1,224 20 Wood Waste 5.5% 3.5% 2,225 1,414 21 Food Waste 15.3% 7.0% 6,227 2,847 22 Miscellaneous Organics 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 SPECIAL WASTES 7.4% 23 Rubber – Except tires 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 24 Textiles 2.6% 0.9% 1,043 386 25 Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 26 Tires 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 27 Appliances and Electronics incl. Dry Cell Batteries 1.1% 0.7% 437 279 28 Used Oil 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 29 C&D 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 30 Miscellaneous Inorganic 1.4% 1.2% 574 499 31 Fines 2.4% 1.3% 963 521 TOTAL Estimated Annual Waste Quantity (tons) 40,797 14,901 100.0% GBB – C08054-02 45 December 23, 2009 construction materials, and the other bulk category includes everything within the category except Plastic. The majority of the bulk waste disposed at the Bovoni Landfill is comprised of: • MSW (bagged waste) – 36.3% • Untreated Wood Waste 21% • Paper – 10.0% • Yard Waste – 10.0% Figure 19 – St. Thomas, Bulk Waste Table 21 – St. Thomas, Bulk Waste - presents the detailed waste characterization for the bulk waste visual inspection conducted at the Bovoni Landfill. It provides the summary of the bulk waste data. The table shows the arithmetic mean and the 90 percent confidence interval for each material category. In addition, the estimated distribution of the total bulk waste received at Bovoni Landfill during the 12-month 2008/2009 period is shown. Paper 10% MSW 36.3% Metals 1% Furniture 2% Yard Waste 10% Wood Waste Untreated 21% Wood Waste Treated/Painted/ Processed 6% C&D 9% Other Bulk 4% Plastic 1% GBB – C08054-02 46 December 23, 2009 Table 21 – St. Thomas, Bulk Waste 6.2.5. St. Thomas Total Waste The overall composition summary for St. Thomas is formed from the combined residential and commercial waste and the bulk waste, and is shown in Table 22. The Summary was derived from the data collected during the waste sort conducted the week of March 2, 2009, at the Bovoni Landfill. This was generated by combining the estimated waste quantities, in tons, from Table 20 and Table 21. The categories shown in bulk waste are slightly different from those in the MSW. As mentioned above, the largest single constituent in bulk waste is bagged MSW, which is assumed to have the same composition as the combined residential and commercial waste. Over 75 percent of the overall waste disposed at the Bovoni Landfill is comprised of the following three categories: • Organics – 32.6% • Paper – 28.8% • Plastic – 16% Within organics, the largest single category, yard waste and clean wood made up 64 percent of that category and represented 21 percent of the total. It should be noted that paper, which was the second largest category, includes the dirty paper category which was heavily contaminated with food waste and other wet substances. Similarly, plastic includes the dirty plastic category which was also contaminated with food waste and other wet materials. Table 22 provides the summary waste composition and the estimated annual waste quantity. % OF 90% conf. Annual 90% conf. Category Material TOTAL +/- % Tons +/- Tons PAPER Corrugated Cardboard 10.0% 6.0% 2,472 1,488 10.0% BAG MSW Residential Household Trash 36.3% 18.0% 8,960 4,460 36.3% METAL 0.6% Appliances 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 Other Metals 0.6% 1.0% 154 254 YARD WASTE All Types, Any ITEM 10.0% 13.1% 2,472 3,237 10.0% WOOD 26.6% Untreated Wood; Pallets, Lumber 20.4% 16.6% 5,036 4,098 Treated/Painted/Processed Wood 6.3% 10.3% 1,545 2,541 INERT Concrete/Block/Stone/Dirt/Sand/Glass 5.6% 5.3% 1,390 1,299 5.6% CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL Drywall/Roofing/Insulation/Carpet 3.8% 3.0% 927 744 3.8% OTHER WASTE 7.1% Tires 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 Electronics 0.9% 1.1% 216 260 Furniture 1.9% 2.2% 463 535 Mixed Bulk/Other Unclassified 3.1% 4.1% 772 1,012 Plastic (All types, Any item) 1.3% 1.3% 309 333 Paint/Chemicals/Oil/HHW 0.0% 0.0% 0 0 Total All Waste Present in Load 100.00% 24,718 20,260 100.0% GBB – C08054-02 47 December 23, 2009 Table 22 – St. Thomas, Overall Waste Composition 6.3 U.S. Virgin Islands Overall Waste Composition The overall waste composition summary for the U.S. Virgin Islands in Table 23 is the combination of the overall wastes summaries from Anguilla Landfill on St. Croix and Bovoni Landfill on St. Thomas. The Summary was derived from the data collected during the waste sort conducted the weeks of February 23, 2009 and March 2, 2009, at the landfills. This was generated by combining the estimated waste quantities, in tons, from Table 17 and Table 22. The categories shown in bulk waste are slightly different from those in the MSW. As mentioned above, the largest single constituent in bulk waste is bagged MSW, which is assumed to have Estimated MSW Estimated Bulk Estimated Percent Category Material Annual Tons Annual Tons Total Waste Composition PAPER 13,364 5,407 18,771 28.7% 1 Newsprint 743 163 906 1.4% 2 Office Paper 814 179 993 1.5% 3 Magazines 577 127 704 1.1% 4 Corrugated Cardboard (OCC) & Kraft Paper 5,916 3,771 9,688 14.8% 5 Paper Board 862 189 1,051 1.6% 6 Other Paper - Dirty 4,452 978 5,430 8.3% PLASTIC 8,416 2,157 10,574 16.1% 7 PET (#1) Containers 857 188 1,046 1.6% 8 HDPE (#2) Containers - Natural 405 89 494 0.8% 9 HDPE (#2) Containers - Colored 433 95 528 0.8% 10 Dirty Plastic 3,309 727 4,036 6.2% 11 Foam - Polystyrene (#6) 365 80 446 0.7% 12 Other Rigid Plastic 1,471 323 1,794 2.7% 13 LDPE - Film Plastic (bags, sheet, etc.) 1,575 346 1,921 2.9% GLASS 2,784 611 3,395 5.2% 14 Glass - Clear 1,077 236 1,313 2.0% 15 Glass - Green 867 190 1,057 1.6% 16 Glass - Brown 840 185 1,025 1.6% METALS 1,791 548 2,339 3.6% 17 Ferrous Metals 1,118 400 1,518 2.3% 18 Non-Ferrous Metals (Incl. Al Cans) 674 148 822 1.3% ORGANICS 11,424 10,017 21,441 32.7% 19 Yard Waste 2,973 3,125 6,098 9.3% 20 Wood Waste 2,225 5,525 7,750 11.8% 21 Food Waste 6,227 1,368 7,594 11.6% 22 Miscellaneous Organics 0 0 0 0.0% SPECIAL WASTES 3,017 5,977 8,994 13.7% 23 Rubber – Except tires 0 0 0 0.0% 24 Textiles 1,043 229 1,272 1.9% 25 Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) 0 0 0 0.0% 26 Tires 0 0 0 0.0% 27 Appliances & Electronics incl. Dry Cell Batterie 437 312 750 1.1% 28 Used Oil 0 0 0 0.0% 29 C&D 0 4,635 4,635 7.1% 30 Miscellaneous Inorganic 574 589 1,163 1.8% 31 Fines 963 211 1,174 1.8% TOTAL Estimated Annual Waste Quantity (tons) 40,797 24,718 65,515 100.0% GBB – C08054-02 48 December 23, 2009 the same composition as the combined residential and commercial waste. Over 75 percent of the overall waste disposed at the combined landfills is comprised of the following three categories: • Organics – 32.5% • Paper – 31.0% • Plastic – 14.5% Within paper, the second largest single category, cardboard made up 47 percent of that category and represented 14 percent of the total waste. It should be noted that paper includes the dirty paper category, which was heavily contaminated with food waste and other wet substances. Similarly, plastic includes the dirty plastic category, which was also contaminated with food waste and other wet materials. GBB – C08054-02 49 December 23, 2009 Table 23 – U.S. Virgin Islands Overall Waste Composition Estimated MSW Percent Category Material Annual Tons Composition PAPER 43,932 29.9% 1 Newsprint 1,892 1.3% 2 Office Paper 2,362 1.6% 3 Magazines 3,848 2.6% 4 Corrugated Cardboard (OCC) & Kraft Paper 20,958 14.3% 5 Paper Board 3,270 2.2% 6 Other Paper - Dirty 11,603 7.9% PLASTIC 21,068 14.3% 7 PET (#1) Containers 2,298 1.6% 8 HDPE (#2) Containers - Natural 1,084 0.7% 9 HDPE (#2) Containers - Colored 1,323 0.9% 10 Dirty Plastic 4,207 2.9% 11 Foam - Polystyrene (#6) 1,438 1.0% 12 Other Rigid Plastic 3,596 2.4% 13 LDPE - Film Plastic (bags, sheet, etc.) 5,200 3.5% GLASS 7,699 5.2% 14 Glass - Clear 3,166 2.2% 15 Glass - Green 2,422 1.6% 16 Glass - Brown 2,111 1.4% METALS 5,879 4.0% 17 Ferrous Metals 4,440 3.0% 18 Non-Ferrous Metals (Incl. Al Cans) 1,439 1.0% ORGANICS 48,327 32.9% 19 Yard Waste 17,570 11.9% 20 Wood Waste 14,000 9.5% 21 Food Waste 16,757 11.4% 22 Miscellaneous Organics 0 0.0% SPECIAL WASTES 20,168 13.7% 23 Rubber – Except tires 0 0.0% 24 Textiles 4,629 3.1% 25 Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) 0 0.0% 26 Tires 25 0.0% 27 Appliances & Electronics incl. Dry Cell Batteries 1,097 0.7% 28 Used Oil 0 0.0% 29 C&D 8,947 6.1% 30 Miscellaneous Inorganic 2,841 1.9% 31 Fines 2,630 1.8% TOTAL Estimated Annual Waste Quantity (tons) 147,073 100.0% GBB – C08054-02 50 December 23, 2009 6.4 Energy Value of U.S. Virgin Islands Waste Estimates of the energy value of the processable waste disposed at the Anguilla Landfill on St. Croix and the Bovoni Landfill on St. Thomas were made by assigning higher heating values (HHV) in British Thermal Units (Btus) per pound to each of the 31 material components used in the waste sorts. These HHVs were primarily drawn from the recognized literature resulting from tests of as-received waste. In a minority of cases, the HHV was estimated by GBB based upon its experience in the solid waste industry and observations of the waste of the U.S. Virgin Islands during the waste sorts. The source of each HHV is footnoted in the following tables. The individual HHVs were multiplied by the quantity of material in each material for each landfill. These individual heating values for each material were summed by general material category, such as Paper, and for the waste stream as a whole. The aggregate HHV for each general material was calculated and is shown in the tables, as is the overall HHV for the estimated waste at each landfill. Finally, a similar table which estimates the heating values for the aggregate waste for the U.S. Virgin Islands was developed. 6.4.1. St. Croix, Anguilla Landfill Table 24 shows the aggregated processable waste quantities by material category for the Anguilla Landfill. As mentioned above, the HHV for each category has been assigned and an estimate of the annual available energy, in millions of Btus, was made. These estimates of available energy are summed by general material category and for the total processable waste. The overall estimated HHV for the waste at the Anguilla Landfill was calculated at 5,062 Btus per pound. This is generally consistent with the heating values found in the as-received processable waste streams at waste-to-energy facilities in several communities in the U.S. It appears that the high moisture content in the waste is offset by the higher than expected level of plastics. 6.4.2. St. Thomas, Bovoni Landfill Table 25 shows the aggregated processable waste quantities by material category for the Bovoni Landfill. As mentioned above, the HHV for each category has been assigned and an estimate of the annual available energy, in millions of Btus, was made. These estimates of available energy are summed by general material category and for the total processable waste. The overall estimated HHV for the waste at the Bovoni Landfill was calculated at 5,306 Btus per pound, which is higher than for waste received at the Anguilla Landfill. This overall HHV, although somewhat higher than that calculated for the St. Croix, Anguilla Landfill waste stream, is also generally consistent with the heating values found in the as-received processable waste streams at waste-to-energy facilities in several communities in the U.S. It appears that the high moisture content in the waste is offset by the higher than expected level of plastics. GBB – C08054-02 51 December 23, 2009 Table 24 – St. Croix, Anguilla Estimated Processable Waste Higher Heating Value as Received Source References: (1) Refuse Derived Fuel Processing, Floyd Hasselriis, Ann Arbor Press, 1984. (2) Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation, U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2009. (3) Estimated by GBB from various waste industry sources. Estimated MSW Heating Value Estimated HHV Category Material Annual Tons Btus Per Lb. Million Annual Btus Reference PAPER 25,161 5,779 290,831 N.A. 1 Newsprint 986 7,974 15,722 (1) 2 Office Paper 1,368 6,088 16,662 (1) 3 Magazines 3,144 5,254 33,039 (1) 4 Corrugated Cardboard (OCC) & Kraft Paper 11,270 7,043 158,754 (1) 5 Paper Board 2,219 5,282 23,445 (3) 6 Other Paper - Dirty 6,173 3,500 43,209 (3) PLASTIC 10,494 12,290 257,943 N.A. 7 PET (#1) Containers 1,252 15,900 39,815 (1) 8 HDPE (#2) Containers - Natural 590 15,900 18,759 (1) 9 HDPE (#2) Containers - Colored 795 15,900 25,289 (1) 10 Dirty Plastic 171 7,950 2,722 (3) 11 Foam - Polystyrene (#6) 993 15,900 31,563 (1) 12 Other Rigid Plastic 1,801 15,900 57,285 (1) 13 LDPE - Film Plastic (bags, sheet, etc.) 3,279 12,583 82,510 (1) GLASS 4,304 0 0 N.A. 14 Glass - Clear 1,853 0 0 N.A. 15 Glass - Green 1,365 0 0 N.A. 16 Glass - Brown 1,086 0 0 N.A. METALS 3,540 0 0 N.A. 17 Ferrous Metals 2,278 0 0 N.A. 18 Non-Ferrous Metals (Incl. Aluminum Cans) 617 0 0 N.A. ORGANICS 26,886 3,781 203,297 N.A. 19 Yard Waste 11,472 3,554 81,543 (3) 20 Wood Waste 6,251 7,108 88,859 (1) 21 Food Waste 9,163 1,795 32,895 (1) 22 Miscellaneous Organics Minimal 1,795 0 (3) SPECIAL WASTES 11,174 3,295 73,641 N.A. 23 Rubber – Except tires Minimal 10,900 0 (1) 24 Textiles 3,356 7,403 49,692 (1) 25 Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) Minimal 12,060 0 (3) 26 Tires 25 13,792 689 (1) 27 Appliances & Electronics incl. Dry Cell Batteries 347 3,975 2,758 (3) 28 Used Oil Minimal 18,000 0 (2) 29 C&D 4,313 1,777 15,327 (3) 30 Miscellaneous Inorganic 1,677 0 0 N.A. 31 Fines 1,456 1,777 5,175 (3) TOTAL Estimated Annual Processable Waste Quantity (tons) 81,558 N.A. Heating Value 5,062 825,712 N.A. GBB – C08054-02 52 December 23, 2009 Table 25 – St. Thomas, Bovoni Estimated Processable Waste Higher Heating Value as Received Source References: (1) Refuse Derived Fuel Processing, Floyd Hasselriis, Ann Arbor Press, 1984. (2) Thermal Conversion Factor Source Documentation, U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2009. (3) Estimated by GBB from various waste industry sources. Estimated MSW Heating Value Estimated HHV Category Material Annual Tons Btus Per Lb. Million Annual Btus Reference PAPER 18,771 5,847 219,510 N.A. 1 Newsprint 906 7,974 14,453 (1) 2 Office Paper 993 6,088 12,094 (1) 3 Magazines 704 5,254 7,392 (1) 4 Corrugated Cardboard (OCC) & Kraft Paper 9,688 7,043 136,462 (1) 5 Paper Board 1,051 5,282 11,100 (3) 6 Other Paper - Dirty 5,430 3,500 38,009 (3) PLASTIC 10,574 11,798 249,505 N.A. 7 PET (#1) Containers 1,046 15,900 33,255 (1) 8 HDPE (#2) Containers - Natural 494 15,900 15,708 (1) 9 HDPE (#2) Containers - Colored 528 15,900 16,791 (1) 10 Dirty Plastic 4,036 7,950 64,168 (3) 11 Foam - Polystyrene (#6) 446 15,900 14,169 (1) 12 Other Rigid Plastic 1,794 15,900 57,060 (1) 13 LDPE - Film Plastic (bags, sheet, etc.) 1,921 12,583 48,354 (1) GLASS 3,395 0 0 N.A. 14 Glass - Clear 1,313 0 0 N.A. 15 Glass - Green 1,057 0 0 N.A. 16 Glass - Brown 1,025 0 0 N.A. METALS 2,339 0 0 N.A. 17 Ferrous Metals 1,363 0 0 N.A. 18 Non-Ferrous Metals (Incl. Aluminum Cans) 822 0 0 N.A. ORGANICS 21,441 4,216 180,776 N.A. 19 Yard Waste 6,098 3,554 43,341 (3) 20 Wood Waste 7,750 7,108 110,171 (1) 21 Food Waste 7,594 1,795 27,263 (1) 22 Miscellaneous Organics Minimal 1,795 0 (3) SPECIAL WASTES 8,994 2,526 45,442 N.A. 23 Rubber – Except tires Minimal 10,900 0 (1) 24 Textiles 1,272 7,403 18,839 (1) 25 Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) Minimal 12,060 0 (3) 26 Tires Minimal 13,792 0 (1) 27 Appliances & Electronics incl. Dry Cell Batteries 750 3,975 5,959 (3) 28 Used Oil Minimal 18,000 0 (2) 29 C&D 4,635 1,777 16,472 (3) 30 Miscellaneous Inorganic 1,163 0 0 N.A. 31 Fines 1,174 1,777 4,173 (3) TOTAL Estimated Annual Processable Waste Quantity (tons 65,515 N.A. Heating Value 5,306 695,233 N.A. GBB – C08054-02 53 December 23, 2009 6.4.3. U.S. Virgin Islands Aggregated Processable Waste Table 26 shows the aggregated processable waste quantities by material category for the aggregated processable waste from the Anguilla and Bovoni Landfills. As mentioned above, the HHV for each category has been assigned and an estimate of the annual available energy, in millions of Btus, was made. These estimates of available energy are summed by general material category and for the total processable waste. The overall HHV for the processable waste for the aggregated landfills was calculated at 5,171 Btus per pound. As noted for the estimated HHVs for the processable waste received at each landfill, this is generally consistent with the heating values found in the as-received processable waste streams at waste-to-energy facilities in several communities in the U.S. It appears that the high moisture content in the waste is offset by the higher than expected level of plastics. GBB – C08054-02 54 December 23, 2009 Table 26 – U.S. Virgin Islands Estimated Processable Waste Higher Heating Value as Received Estimated MSW Heating Value Estimated Category Material Annual Tons Btus Per Lb. Million Annual Btus PAPER 43,932 5,808 510,341 1 Newsprint 1,892 7,974 30,175 2 Office Paper 2,362 6,088 28,756 3 Magazines 3,848 5,254 40,432 4 Corrugated Cardboard (OCC) & Kraft Paper 20,958 7,043 295,216 5 Paper Board 3,270 5,282 34,545 6 Other Paper - Dirty 11,603 3,500 81,218 PLASTIC 21,068 12,043 507,448 7 PET (#1) Containers 2,298 15,900 73,070 8 HDPE (#2) Containers - Natural 1,084 15,900 34,467 9 HDPE (#2) Containers - Colored 1,323 15,900 42,079 10 Dirty Plastic 4,207 7,950 66,891 11 Foam - Polystyrene (#6) 1,438 15,900 45,732 12 Other Rigid Plastic 3,596 15,900 114,345 13 LDPE - Film Plastic (bags, sheet, etc.) 5,200 12,583 130,864 GLASS 7,699 0 0 14 Glass - Clear 3,166 0 0 15 Glass - Green 2,422 0 0 16 Glass - Brown 2,111 0 0 METALS 5,879 0 0 17 Ferrous Metals 3,641 0 0 18 Non-Ferrous Metals (Incl. Aluminum Cans) 1,439 0 0 ORGANICS 48,327 3,974 384,072 19 Yard Waste 17,570 3,554 124,884 20 Wood Waste 14,000 7,108 199,030 21 Food Waste 16,757 1,795 60,158 22 Miscellaneous Organics Minimal 1,795 0 SPECIAL WASTES 20,168 2,952 119,083 23 Rubber – Except tires Minimal 10,900 0 24 Textiles 4,629 7,403 68,531 25 Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) Minimal 12,060 0 26 Tires 25 13,792 689 27 Appliances & Electronics incl. Dry Cell Batteries 1,097 3,975 8,717 28 Used Oil Minimal 18,000 0 29 C&D 8,947 1,777 31,799 30 Miscellaneous Inorganic 2,841 0 0 31 Fines 2,630 1,777 9,347 TOTAL Estimated Annual Processable Waste Quantity (tons) 147,073 Heating Value 5,171 1,520,945 GBB – C08054-02 55 December 23, 2009 (Page intentionally left blank.) GBB – C08054-02 56 December 23, 2009 EXHIBITS GBB – C08054-02 57 December 23, 2009 Exhibit A – MSW Characterization Form Date: ASSIGNED UNIQUE SORT VEHICLE ID # Day of Week (circle): M T W Th F Landfill (circle): Anguilla / Bovoni Surveyor: Sample Location (circle): 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sheet of Category Material Gross Weight Container Tare Weight Net Weight PAPER Newsprint Office Paper Magazines Corrugated Cardboard (OCC) Paper Board Kraft Paper Other Paper ALL PAPER TOTAL 0 PLASTIC PET Containers (#1) HDPE Containers - Natural (#2) HDPE Containers - Colored (#2) Poly Vinyl Chloride (#3) Polystyrene (#6) Other Rigid Plastic (#4, #6, #7 or no number) LDPE - Film Plastic (bags, sheet, etc.) ALL PLASTIC TOTAL 0 GLASS Glass-Clear Glass-Green Glass- Brown Non-container Glass ALL GLASS TOTAL 0 METAL Ferrous Cans Other Ferrous Metal Aluminum Cans Other Aluminum Other Non-Ferrous Metal ALL METAL TOTAL 0 ORGANIC Yard Waste Wood Waste Food Waste Miscellaneous Organics ALL ORGANIC TOTAL 0 SPECIAL Rubber – Except tires WASTES Textiles Batteries – Auto and dry cell Diapers Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) Tires Appliances/Electronics Used Oil Used Paint Miscellaneous Inorganic Fines ALL SPECIAL WASTE TOTAL 0 GBB – C08054-02 58 December 23, 2009 Exhibit B – Bulk Load Visual Survey Form Bulk Load Visual Survey Form Date: ASSIGNED UNIQUE SORT VEHICLE ID # Day of Week (circle): M T W Th F Landfill (circle): Anguilla / Bovoni Surveyor: Sheet of Category Material Present in Load? Estimated % PAPER Corrugated Cardboard BAG MSW Residential Household Trash METAL Appliances Other Metals YARD WASTE All Types, Any Item WOOD Untreated Wood; Pallets, Lumber Treated/Painted/Processed Wood INERT Concrete/Block/ Stone/Dirt/Sand/Glass CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL Drywall/Roofing/Insulation/Carpet OTHER WASTE Tires Electronics Furniture, etc Mixed Bulk/Other Unclassified Plastic (All types, Any item) Paint/Chemicals/Oil/HHW Total All Waste Present In Load (Should = 100%) GBB – C08054-02 59 December 23, 2009 Exhibit C – Sample Selection Grid 10 11 9 12 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Location of Samples Selected Load GBB – C08054-02 60 December 23, 2009 APPENDICES GBB – C08054-02 61 December 23, 2009 (Page intentionally left blank.) GBB – C08054-02 62 December 23, 2009 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 September 2008 October 2008 November 2008 December 2008 January 2009 February 2009 March 2009 April 2009 May 2009 June 2009 July 2009 Days Reporting Each Month 30 15 19 8 7 12 31 27 31 30 31 Totals Ave. Daily Percent Totals Ave. Daily Percent Totals Ave. Daily Percent Totals Ave. Daily Percent Totals Ave. Daily Percent Totals Ave. Daily Percent Totals Ave. Daily Percent Totals Ave. Daily Percent Totals Ave. Daily Percent Totals Ave. Daily Percent Totals Ave. Daily Percent (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) Total VIWMA In House & Contracted Rear Packers (1) 1,375 45.8 25% 1,732 115.5 36% 2,081 109.5 43% 328 41.0 14% 480 68.6 27% 825 68.7 35% 2,868 92.5 47% 2,635 97.6 47% 2,023 65.3 24% 3,151 105.0 33% 2,602 83.9 27% Total VIWMA 20yd Contracted Bins (1),(2) 2,991 99.7 54% 1,393 92.9 29% 1,527 80.4 31% 354 44.2 15% 399 57.0 23% - 0.0 0% - 0.0 0% - 0.0 0% 2,897 93.4 34% 2,599 86.6 27% 2,798 90.3 30% Total Green Waste 117 3.9 2% 212 14.1 4% 108 5.7 2% 118 14.7 5% 132 18.8 8% 292 24.3 12% 890 28.7 15% 1,083 40.1 19% 1,726 55.7 20% 1,742 58.1 18% 1,609 51.9 17% Total Scrap Metal (2) 78 2.6 1% 76 5.1 2% 89 4.7 2% 94 11.8 4% 106 15.2 6% 157 13.1 7% - 0.0 0% - 0.0 0% 334 10.8 4% 387 12.9 4% 410 13.2 4% Total C&D 219 7.3 4% 305 20.3 6% 236 12.4 5% 209 26.2 9% 206 29.4 12% 686 57.1 29% 978 31.5 16% 444 16.5 8% 214 6.9 2% 188 6.3 2% 460 14.8 5% Total Special Waste - 0.0 0% - 0.0 0% - 0.0 0% - 0.0 0% - 0.0 0% - 0.0 0% - 0.0 0% - 0.0 0% - 0.0 0% - 0.0 0% - 0.0 0% Total Commercial Waste (1) 750 25.0 14% 1,067 71.1 22% 845 44.5 17% 1,228 153.5 53% 433 61.9 25% 430 35.8 18% 1,311 42.3 22% 1,423 52.7 25% 1,400 45.2 16% 1,568 52.3 16% 1,603 51.7 17% TOTAL ALL CATEGORIES 5,530 184.3 100% 4,785 319.0 100% 4,886 257.2 100% 2,331 291.4 100% 1,756 250.9 100% 2,389 199.1 100% 6,047 195.1 100% 5,585 206.9 100% 8,594 277.2 100% 9,635 321.2 100% 9,482 305.9 100% TOTAL PROCESSABLE (1) 5,116 170.5 93% 4,192 279.5 88% 4,453 234.4 91% 1,910 238.7 82% 1,313 187.5 75% 1,255 104.6 53% 4,179 134.8 69% 4,057 150.3 73% 6,320 203.9 74% 7,318 243.9 76% 7,003 225.9 74% Current Estimated Annual 90% Totals (1) Months Ave. Daily Percent Standard Confidence Minimum Expected Maximum (tons) of Data (tons) Deviation +/- (tons) (tons) (tons) Total Process. Total VIWMA In House & Contracted Rear Packers (1)23,338 12 83.2 32% 25.0 11.9 26,023 30,355 34,688 Waste Waste as a % of Total Total VIWMA 20yd Contracted Bins (1),(2) 17,887 9 82.1 30% 40.5 22.2 21,868 29,971 38,073 Residential 29.1% 37.2% Total Green Waste 9,848 12 31.2 12% 20.8 9.9 7,797 11,399 15,000 Commercial 20.3% 26.0% Total Scrap Metal (2) 2,261 10 10.6 4% 6.0 3.1 2,735 3,881 5,026 Bulk 50.6% 36.7% Total C&D 4,761 12 20.7 9% 14.3 6.8 5,085 7,564 10,043 Total 100.0% 100.0% Total Special Waste 0 0 0.0 0% 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 Total Commercial Waste (1) 13,984 12 58.2 22% 32.5 15.4 15,605 21,233 26,861 Note: Bulk includes Bulk Waste, Scrap Metal, C&D, and Special Waste. TOTAL ALL CATEGORIES 72,078 N.A 286.0 N.A 69.3 79,112 104,402 129,691 TOTAL PROCESSABLE (1) 55,209 N.A 223.4 70% N.A 49.5 63,496 81,558 99,621 - 0 - 0 Figure 6 – St. Croix, Anguilla Total Waste Composition Figure 7 – St. Croix, Anguilla Processable Waste Composition Table 1 – Estimated Annual Anguilla Landfill Quantity Estimated Annual Waste Source Category Minimum Expected Maximum (tons) (tons) (tons) Total VIWMA In House & Contracted Rear Packers (1) 26,023 30,355 34,688 Total VIWMA 20yd Contracted Bins (1),(2) 21,868 29,971 38,073 Total Green Waste 7,797 11,399 15,000 Total Scrap Metal (2) 2,735 3,881 5,026 Total C&D 5,085 7,564 10,043 Total Special Waste 0 0 0 Total Commercial Waste (1) 15,605 21,233 26,861 TOTAL ALL CATEGORIES 79,112 104,402 129,691 TOTAL PROCESSABLE (1) 63,496 81,558 99,621 Notes: (2) Total tons for VIVIWMA 20 yd Contracted bins for Jun 2008, Feb 09, Mar 09 and Apr 09 was not provided. The total tons for Scrap Metal for the months of Mar 09, Apr 09 was not provided either. The estimated annual tons for these materials were calculated on the available months of data, and modifications to calculations were made accordingly. ST. CROIX - ANGUILLA LANDFILL ANNUAL WASTE QUANTITY ESTIMATE (tons) APPENDIX 1 78.1% (1) Processable waste includes In-House & Contracted Rear Packers, Contracted Bins, including bulk bins and Commercial Waste. (2) Total tons for VIWMA 20 yd Contracted bins for Jun 2008, Feb 09, Mar 09 and Apr 09 was not provided. The total tons for Scrap Metal for the months of Mar 09, Apr 09 was not provided either. The estimated annual tons for these materials were calculated on the available months of data, and modifications to calculations were made accordingly. Ave. Daily Data Statistics (1) Processable waste includes In-House & Contracted Rear Packers, Contracted Bins, including bulk bins and Commercial Waste. Based on 365 days per year. Twelve-Month Data Processable Data for Figures 6 and 7 Waste Composition Residential 34% Commercial 34% Bulk 32% Residential 29% Commercial 28% Bulk 43% GBB – C08054-02 63 December 23, 2009 (Page intentionally left blank.) GBB – C08054-02 64 December 23, 2009 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 February 2008 August 2008 September 2008 October 2008 January 2009 February 2009 March 2009 April 2009 May 2009 June 2009 July2009 August 2009 Days Reporting Each Month 10 14 16 29 31 26 16 30 31 28 31 26 Totals Ave. Daily Percent Totals Ave. Daily Percent Totals Ave. Daily Percent Totals Ave. Daily Percent Totals Ave. Daily Percent Totals Ave. Daily Percent Totals Ave. Daily Percent Totals Ave. Daily Percent Totals Ave. Daily Percent Totals Ave. Daily Percent Totals Ave. Daily Percent Totals Ave. Daily Percent (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) Total VIWMA In House & Contracted Rear Packers (1) 299 29.9 11% 545 38.9 15% 900 56.3 16% 1,011 34.9 16% 929 30.0 16% 752 28.9 17% 459 28.7 19% 875 29.17 17% 1,031 33.24 21% 969 34.61 20% 1,015 32.74 20% 1,034 39.77 17% Total VIWMA 20yd Contracted Bins (1) 449 44.9 16% 635 45.4 18% 1,007 62.9 18% 1,292 44.6 20% 1,182 38.1 21% 1,041 40.0 23% 624 39.0 25% 1,234 41.12 24% 1,255 40.50 25% 1,158 41.36 24% 1,264 40.76 25% 1,300 50.02 21% Total St. John Waste Compactor and Bins (1) 318 31.8 11% 389 27.8 11% 675 42.2 12% 737 25.4 11% 333 10.7 6% 585 22.5 13% 248 15.5 10% 471 15.71 9% 442 14.27 9% 583 20.84 12% 707 22.80 14% 896 34.46 14% Total Green Waste 133 13.3 5% 138 9.9 4% 163 10.2 3% 251 8.7 4% 241 7.8 4% 124 4.8 3% 43 2.7 2% 143 4.77 3% 117 3.78 2% 185 6.61 4% 174 5.62 3% 148 5.69 2% Total Scrap Metal 159 15.9 6% 159 11.4 4% 181 11.3 3% 214 7.4 3% 203 6.5 4% 113 4.4 3% 34 2.1 1% 53 1.76 1% 49 1.57 1% 52 1.85 1% 70 2.24 1% 82 3.17 1% Total C&D 166 16.6 6% 143 10.2 4% 231 14.4 4% 321 11.1 5% 211 6.8 4% 212 8.1 5% 79 4.9 3% 312 10.40 6% 178 5.73 4% 98 3.51 2% 102 3.28 2% 178 6.84 3% Total Special Waste 28 2.8 1% 34 2.4 1% 40 2.5 1% 82 2.8 1% 44 1.4 1% 31 1.2 1% 15 0.9 1% 108 3.59 2% 113 3.64 2% 97 3.45 2% - - 0% 32 1.24 1% Total Commercial Waste (1) 1,025 102.5 37% 1,399 99.9 39% 2,131 133.2 39% 2,372 81.8 36% 2,165 69.8 38% 1,591 61.2 35% 917 57.3 37% 1,826 60.87 36% 1,711 55.20 35% 1,545 55.17 32% 1,608 51.88 32% 2,477 95.27 40% Total Mixed Waste 194 19.4 7% 125 8.9 4% 174 10.9 3% 237 8.2 4% 330 10.7 6% 82 3.2 2% 53 3.3 2% 63 0.0 0% 60 1.94 1% 85 3.04 2% 79 2.56 2% 108 4.14 2% TOTAL ALL CATEGORIES 2,770 277.1 100% 3,567 254.8 100% 5,502 343.9 100% 6,517 224.7 100% 5,637 181.8 100% 4,532 174.3 100% 2,471 154.4 100% 5,085 169.50 100% 4,956 159.87 100% 4,773 170.45 100% 5,019 161.90 100% 6,255 240.59 100% TOTAL PROCESSABLE (1) 2,091 209 75% 2,968 212 83% 1,907 295 86% 5,412 187 83% 4,609 149 82% 3,969 153 88% 2,248 141 91% 4,406 146.88 87% 4,440 143.21 90% 4,256 151.99 89% 4,594 148.19 92% 5,707 219.51 91% 90% Current Estimated Annual Waste Totals (2) Months Ave. Daily Percent Standard Confidence Minimum Expected Maximum (tons) of Data (tons) Deviation +/- (tons) (tons) (tons) Total Process. Processable Total VIWMA In House & Contracted Rear Packers (1) 9,819 12 34.8 17% 7.7 3.7 11,345 12,686 14,028 Waste Waste as a % of Total Total VIWMA 20yd Contracted Bins (1) 12,441 12 44.1 22% 6.8 3.2 14,899 16,080 17,261 Residential 16.6% 19.4% Total St. John Waste Compactor and Bins (1) 6,385 12 23.7 11% 9.3 4.4 7,035 8,638 10,242 Commercial 36.8% 42.9% Total Green Waste 1,860 12 7.0 3% 3.1 1.5 2,012 2,545 3,079 Bulk 46.6% 37.7% Total Scrap Metal 1,368 12 5.8 3% 4.8 2.3 1,287 2,116 2,944 Total 100% 100% Total C&D 2,230 12 8.5 4% 4.2 2.0 2,376 3,101 3,826 Total Special Waste 623 12 2.2 1% 1.2 0.6 585 791 997 Note: Bulk includes Bulk Waste from St. Thomas and St. John. Green Waste, Scrap Metal, C&D, and Special Waste. Total Commercial Waste (1) 20,768 12 77.0 36% 25.6 12.2 23,670 28,110 32,550 Total Mixed Waste 1,591 12 6.4 3% 5.5 2.6 1,372 2,318 3,265 TOTAL ALL CATEGORIES 57,084 N.A. 209.4 100% N.A. 25.4 64,581 76,386 88,192 TOTAL PROCESSABLE (1) 46,607 N.A. 179.5 86% N.A. 8.4 56,948 65,515 74,082 Notes: (1) Processable waste includes VIWMA & Contracted Rear Packers, Contracted Bins, St. John Compactor and Bins, Bulk Waste Bins and Commercial Waste. (2) The number of reporting days in the months vary, and reported data are incomplete for certain months. Figure 9 – St. Thomas, Bovoni Total Waste Composition Figure 10 – St. Thomas, Bovoni Processable Waste Composition 85.8% ST. THOMAS - BOVONI LANDFILL ANNUAL WASTE QUANTITY ESTIMATE (tons) APPENDIX 2 Ave. Daily Data Statistics Data for Figures 9 and 10 Waste Composition Residential, 16.6% Commercial, 36.8% Bulk, 46.6% Residential, 19.4% Commercial, 42.9% Bulk, 37.7%