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The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report On Teacher Quality U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report On Teacher Quality A Highly Qualified Teacher In Every Classroom U.S. Department of Education Office of Postsecondary Education 2010 This report was produced under U.S. Department of Education Contract No. ED-04-CO-0059/0016 with Westat. Philip Schulz served as the contracting officer’s representative. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the positions or policies of the Department of Education. No official endorsement by the U.S. Department of Education of any product, commodity, service or enterprise mentioned in this publication is intended or should be inferred. U.S. Department of Education Arne Duncan Secretary Office of Postsecondary Education Eduardo Ochoa Assistant Secretary September 2010 This report is in the public domain. Authorization to reproduce it in whole or in part is granted. While permission to reprint this publication is not necessary, the citation should be: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education, The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality: A Highly Qualified Teacher in Every Classroom, Washington, D.C., 2010. To order copies of this report: write to: ED Pubs, Education Publications Center, U.S. Department of Education, P.O. Box 22207, Alexandria, VA 22304; or fax your request to: 703-605-6794; or e-mail your request to: edpubs@edpubs.ed.gov; or call in your request toll-free: 1-877-433-7827 or 1-877-4-ED-PUBS. Those who use a telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD) or a teletypewriter (TTY) should call 1-877-576- 7734. If 877 service is not yet available in your area, call 1-800-872-5327 (1-800-USA-LEARN; TTY: 1-800-437-0833); or order online at: http://www.edpubs.ed.gov. This report is also available on the Department’s Web site: http://www.ed.gov/about/reports/annual/teachprep/2008-title2report.pdf. This report is also available at: https://title2.ed.gov. On request, this publication is available in alternate formats, such as Braille, large print, audiotape or computer diskette. For more information, please contact the Department’s Alternate Format Center at 202-260-0852 or 202-260-0818. Contents | iii Contents Page List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Selected Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Tables and Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Teacher Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 State Assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Initial Certification and Licensure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 State Standards and Evaluation of Teacher Preparation Programs . . . . . . . 83 CONTENTS iv | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Contents Table Number of program completers, by state and program attended: AY 2005–06. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2 Number and percentage change of traditional route program completers tested, by state: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 3 Number and percentage change of alternative route program completers tested, by state: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 4 Number of types of tests given for teacher certification, by state and aggregate area: AY 2003–04 through AY 2005–06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5 State passing scores for Praxis II Elementary Education assessments: AY 2001–02 through AY 2005–06. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 6a Summary of traditional route pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 6b Traditional route basic skills pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 6c Traditional route professional knowledge pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 6d Traditional route academic content pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 6e Traditional route other content pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 6f Traditional route teaching special populations pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 7a Summary of alternative route pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 7b Alternative route basic skills pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 7c Alternative route professional knowledge pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 7d Alternative route academic content pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 7e Alternative route other content pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 7f Alternative route teaching special populations pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 8 Traditional route assessment summary pass rates: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Tables Contents | v Contents Table Alternative route assessment summary pass rates: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 10 Total number of teachers receiving initial certification or licensure and percentage change, by state: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 11 Number and characteristics of emergency licenses: 2002 through 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 12 Types of emergency or temporary licenses issued, by state: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 13 Number and percentage of teacher on waivers, by state and poverty status of district: AY 2006–07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 14 Number of teachers on waivers and percentage change, by state: AY 2003–04 through AY 2006–07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 15 Number of teachers and number and percentage of teachers on waivers, by subject area, by state: AY 2006–07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 16 Summary of state policies on and status of teacher standards: 2002 through 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 17 Number of states that have set teacher standards in specific fields, by grade level: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . 84 18 At-risk and low-performing institutions, by state: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 19 States that have identified at-risk or low-performing teacher preparation programs: 2002 through 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Tables continued vi | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Contents Figures Figure Trend in total number of program completers, by traditional and alternative routes: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2 Top five teacher-producing states by percentage of national teacher population: AY 2005–06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 3 States implementing alternative routes to certification: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 4 Trend in percentage of program completers attending traditional and alternative route programs: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 5 States requiring tests for initial teacher certification or licensure: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 6 Number of traditional and alternative route program completers tested: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 7 Percentage of types of tests given for teacher certification, by aggregate area: AY 2003–04 through AY 2005–06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 8 Trends in the number of certification tests administered to traditional route program completers, by test content area: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 9 Trends in number of certification tests administered to alternative route program completers, by test content area: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 10 Trend in total number of teachers receiving initial certification or licensure: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 11 Number of teachers receiving initial certification or licensure, by state: AY 2005–06 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 12 Percentage of teachers certified who were trained in another state, by state: AY 2005–06 . . . . . . . . . . 57 13 Percentage of teachers on waivers by poverty status of district: AY 2003–04 through AY 2006–07 . . . . 80 14 Percentage of teachers on waivers by subject area: AY 2005–06 and AY 2006–07 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 15 Number of teaching certificates and licenses by type of requirement: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Contents | vii Contents Figure Page 16 States requiring content-specific bachelor’s degrees for initial certification at the elementary level: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 17 States requiring content-specific bachelor’s degrees for initial certification at the secondary level: 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 18 Number of states with criteria for assessing the performance of teacher preparation programs: 2002 through 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Figures continued viii | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality This page intentionally left blank. Introduction | 1 Introduction This seventh report on the quality of America’s teacher preparation programs and novice teachers presents data reported to the U.S. Department of Education (the Department) in October 2007 by all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the outlying areas, which include American Samoa, the Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, the Marshall Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, Palau and the Virgin Islands.1 Section 207 of Title II of the Higher Education Act (HEA), as amended in 1998, required states2 to report on teacher preparation and licensing. Since 2001, the Department has used a web-based state reporting system to collect data on teacher preparation programs and prospective teachers, as well as states’ assessment and licensing of teacher candidates. State certification requirements and policy-related information were also collected. While this report focuses on national and summary data, the individual state reports contain additional information (such as data for individual teacher preparation programs) and are available at https://title2. ed.gov. The report is intended to inform aspiring teachers, the education community, institutions of higher education, Congress, researchers and policymakers about the quality of teacher preparation in America. As in previous years, this report provides national information and answers questions such as: ◾ How many prospective teachers successfully completed a teacher preparation program, and did they attend a “traditional”3 or “alternative route”4 type of program? ◾ How well did prospective teachers who successfully completed their teacher preparation programs perform on state assessments required for initial certification or licensure? ◾ What proportion of teachers working in the classroom were not fully certified or licensed by their states? What was the rate in high- poverty school districts compared to all other districts? ◾ Which teacher preparation programs have states reported as low-performing or as at-risk of being identified as low-performing? Design of the State Reporting System States reported data through a web-based reporting system. The reporting system contained eight sections that generally aligned with the state reporting requirements in Section 207 of HEA Title II. Much of the state information was collected in narrative form, such as descriptions of state teacher licensure and certification requirements, standards for teachers, alternative routes to certification, criteria for determining low-performing teacher preparation programs and lists of any teacher 1 Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in October 2007. 2 For purposes of this report, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the outly- ing areas, which include American Samoa, the Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, the Marshall Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, Palau and the Virgin Islands. 3 Traditional teacher preparation programs primarily serve undergraduate students without prior teaching or work experience and lead at least to a bachelor’s degree. Some traditional teacher preparation programs may lead to a teaching credential but not a degree. A traditional teacher preparation program in the outlying areas may lead to an associate’s degree. 4 Alternative route teacher preparation programs primarily serve candidates that are the teacher of record in a classroom while participating in the route. For purposes of Title II reporting, alternative route teacher preparation programs are defined as such by the state. Introduction 2 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Introduction preparation programs that the state identified as low-performing or at-risk of being identified as low-performing. States summarized any steps they have taken to improve teacher quality during the past year and updated certification and policy-related information as necessary. States may have included an optional introduction or supplementary information to provide context for their reports. States reported numerical data each year on the number of teachers receiving initial certification or licensure, traditional and alternative route teacher preparation program completers and waivers to teacher certification or licensure that were issued. States’ reports included the institutional and state pass rates of traditional and alternative route program completers on state assessments required for certification or licensure, ranked in quartiles. The minimum passing scores on state assessments and an indication of whether passing an assessment was required for entry into or exit from a teacher preparation program were also reported. States completed and certified their report on or before October 7 of each year. Since the inception of the state reporting system in 2001, improvements have been made to the data collection to refine the information collected. A number of refinements to the data collection were made in 2006. Questions regarding certification and licensure requirements were revised to collect information on subject area degree requirements for elementary and secondary certificates separately. Also, specific information on teacher preparation programs removed from the low-performing or at-risk list started to be collected. Additionally, all states were asked to report the number of alternative route program completers instead of using the number of program completers in their pass rate calculations as a proxy. Starting in 2006, states began including teachers at charter schools that are independent districts in their waiver data on the basis of specific state regulations regarding charter school teacher classification and certification. The definition of a “waiver” changed for Title II reporting in 2004. The change aligned the HEA Title II definition with the state certification and licensure requirements for highly qualified teachers in the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, as amended (ESEA). Further, the new definition better reflects current state certification and licensure policies across the nation. The collection of the waiver data changed from a snapshot to a full- year head count of teachers on waivers. Also, the subject areas for which waiver data were reported were refined. Teachers participating in an alternative route who met the criteria for being highly qualified under ESEA, but who may not have held a teaching license or certificate, began to be excluded from the count of teachers on waivers. As a result of these changes, waiver data collected prior to 2004 cannot be compared to waiver data collected in 2004 and beyond. Both the quality and completeness of the data reported by states have improved since 2001. The reporting system has been modified to contain internal edit check functions that help states identify missing or incomplete data. States also received technical assistance with their reporting. During and following the reporting period, states were provided with multiple opportunities to review, verify and correct their data. To further improve data quality, states were able to revise previous years’ data omissions and errors. As a result, data presented in this report for previous reporting years may not be consistent with data published in earlier reports. Introduction | 3 Introduction State Participation in Title II Reporting Since 2001, the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Guam and Puerto Rico have participated in Title II reporting. The Virgin Islands began reporting in 2002. American Samoa, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands and Palau began reporting in 2006. Palau does not currently have a teacher certification or licensure system in place and does not report any data. The Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in October 2007. Data Items Included in This Report The data elements presented in this report reflect different periods of time. For example, information on state teacher licensure and certification requirements, alternative routes to certification, state standards for teachers and criteria for assessing the performance of teacher preparation programs was based on the most current state regulations as of October 2007. The number of traditional and alternative route program completers, institutional and state pass rates and assessment cut scores were for the academic year (AY)5 2005–06 cohort.6 The number of waivers to teacher certification or licensure issued was for the 2006–07 academic year. Finally, the list of at-risk and low-performing teacher preparation programs reflected the states’ most current review cycle.7 Beginning in 2004, states have provided an update on the pass rates of the cohort of program completers initially reported three years earlier. For example, in October 2007, states reported updated pass rates and institutional quartile rankings for the AY 2002–03 cohort of completers. States used the licensing or certification policies, rules and requirements applicable to the academic year the cohort completed for the purposes of updating pass rates. These data can be found in the individual state reports available at https://title2.ed.gov.8 Key Terminology The definitions and their usage in this report are consistent with HEA Title II requirements. Key definitions are included here. The reader wanting more information may wish to consult the Higher Education Act, Title II: Reporting Reference and User Manual at https://title2.ed.gov/guide.asp. ◾ State. For purposes of this report, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas which include American Samoa, the Federated States of Micronesia, Guam, the Marshall Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, Palau and the Virgin Islands. ◾ Teacher preparation program. A teacher preparation program is a state-approved course of study, the completion of which signifies than an enrollee has met all the state’s educational requirements, or training requirements, or both, for initial certification 5 The Department’s Higher Education Act, Title II: Reporting Reference and User Manual defines “academic year” as any period of 12 consecutive months, as defined by the state. Where academic years appear in this report, the abbreviation AY is used. Single years used in this report refer to the calendar year. 6 A cohort of program completers consists of individuals who met all requirements of a state-approved teacher preparation program in a given academic year. 7 The review cycle for a state is usually an academic year, but it may be a calendar year. States reported for the most recent review cycle for which they had complete data as of October of each year. 8 The three-year update was derived from a requirement in the HEA Title II legislation (Section 207(d)(3)). 4 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Introduction or licensure to teach in the state’s elementary or secondary schools. A teacher preparation program may be either a regular program or an alternative route to certification, as defined by the state. Also, it may be within or outside an institution of higher education. ◾ Program completer. A person who has met all the requirements of a state- approved teacher preparation program. Program completers include all those who are documented as having met such requirements. Documentation may take the form of a degree, institutional certificate, program credential, transcript or other written proof of having met the program’s requirements. In applying this definition, the fact that an individual has or has not been recommended to the state for initial certification or licensure may not be used as a criterion for determining who is a program completer. ◾ Pass rate. The percentage of program completers who passed assessment(s) taken for initial certification or licensure in the field of preparation. ○ Summary pass rate. The proportion of program completers who passed all tests they took for their areas of specialization among those who took one or more tests in their specialization areas. Summary pass rates are based on all assessments that an individual needs to pass to become initially certified or licensed as a teacher in a given area of specialization in a state. ○ Aggregate pass rate. The proportion of program completers who passed all the tests they took in each of the six following skill or knowledge areas among all program completers who took one or more tests in each area. ◾ Basic skills; ◾ Professional knowledge and pedagogy; ◾ Academic content areas (e.g., mathematics, social studies, science); ◾ Other content areas (e.g., agriculture, marketing, computer science); ◾ Teaching special populations (e.g., special education, English as a Second Language); and ◾ Performance assessments. ◾ Waiver. Any temporary, provisional or emergency permit, license or other authorization that permits an individual to teach in a public school classroom without having received an initial certificate or license from that state unless the teacher is a short- or long-term substitute or is participating in an alternate route program and meets the ESEA criteria for being highly qualified. ◾ Initial Certification or Licensure. The first teaching certificate or license issued to an individual. The specific certificates or licenses classified as initial certification in each state are defined by the state. States are to provide information on degree, course work, assessment, supervised clinical experiences and other requirements. ◾ Low-performing Teacher Preparation Program. Each state determines the criteria for identifying low-performing teacher preparation programs. The criteria could be based on the data collected to meet Title II reporting requirements. Selected Findings | 5 Selected Findings Teacher Preparation Programs ◾ Teacher preparation programs prepared a record number of teachers for the third year in a row. The 229,170 program completers for AY 2005–06 represented an increase of 3 percent over the previous academic year (222,292) (table 1, figure 1). ◾ The number of traditional route program completers in AY 2005–06 grew by 3 percent to 194,999 and maintained a four-year upward trend (figure 1). ◾ The five states that prepared the greatest number of traditional route completers remained unchanged from last year: New York (24,300), California (16,065), Texas (14,079), Pennsylvania (11,122) and Illinois (10,553) (table 1). ◾ In 2007, alternative route programs to teacher certification were approved in 48 states, Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands, an increase of two since 2006 (Rhode Island and Northern Mariana Islands) (figure 3). ◾ The number of alternative route program completers increased by 4 percent to 34,171 in AY 2005–06 and reversed the previous year’s downward movement (figure 1).9 ◾ The five states that prepared the greatest number of alternative route completers also remained the same: Texas (9,798), New York (4,804), California (4,780), New Jersey (2,111) and Georgia (1,751) (table 1). ◾ From AY 2004–05 to AY 2005–06, the proportion of program completers in alternative route programs, as compared to traditional programs, increased from 14.8 percent to 14.9 percent. This proportion remained below the high of 18.3 percent reported in AY 2003–04 (figure 4). State Assessments for Teacher Certification or Licensure ◾ In AY 2005–06, 47 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands and the Virgin Islands assessed teacher candidates through state testing, five more than in AY 2004–05 (South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming and Northern Mariana Islands). The remaining seven had either announced plans to use assessments or were deciding on the minimum passing score. However, not all states required assessments for certification or licensure (table 2, table 3 and figure 5).10 ◾ Pass rates on state teacher assessments remained high. Nationally, 96 percent of program completers passed their certification assessments in AY 2005–06, the same as the previous year. The pass rate for traditional route program completers was 96 percent, and, for alternative route program completers, it was 95 percent. In AY 2004–05, 96 percent of traditional route program completers and 94 percent of alternative route program completers passed their certification assessments (tables 6–9). 9 The number of alternative route program completers was small in many states and fluctuated from year to year. Texas prepared the largest number of alternative route completers in AY 2005–06, a 27 percent increase over AY 2004–05 (from 7,726 to 9,798). However, New York reported large decreases and had only one alternative route program for HEA Title II purposes. 10 As of AY 2005–06, American Samoa, the Federated States of Micronesia, Iowa, the Marshall Islands, Montana, Nebraska and Palau did not require testing for teacher certification or licensure. Selected Findings 6 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Selected Findings Initial Certification and Licensure ◾ The number of teachers receiving initial certificates increased by 6 percent to 322,306 in AY 2005–06 (from 303,943 in AY 2004–05), reversing a two-year decline. New York accounted for most of the increase nationally (from 15,480 in AY 2004–05 to 29,723 in AY 2005–06) (table 10, figure 10).11 ◾ The five states that conferred the greatest number of initial teacher certifications were New York (29,723), Texas (27,993), Florida (25,485), California (22,798) and Pennsylvania (15,959). In AY 2004-05, the top five states conferring initial teacher certification were Texas, California, Florida, New York and North Carolina (table 10, figure 11). ◾ One of every five teachers receiving initial certification in AY 2005–06 was prepared in one state and certified in another. Alaska, Delaware, Maryland, Nevada, North Carolina, North Dakota, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Wyoming, District of Columbia, Northern Mariana Islands and Virgin Islands reported that more than 40 percent of their initial certifications were to teachers who completed out-of-state programs. Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Guam and Puerto Rico reported rates lower than 10 percent (figure 12). ◾ Nationally, the total number of teachers increased by less than 1 percent to 3,264,814 in AY 2006–07 (table 13). ◾ The proportion of teachers working with waivers to full certification continued to decrease, going from 1.7 percent in AY 2005– 06 to 1.5 percent in AY 2006–07. However, the percentage of teachers with a waiver in high-poverty school districts12 (2.0 percent) continued to exceed the percentage for all other districts (1.3 percent) (table 13, table 14 and figure 13). ◾ Seven states, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands required a content-specific bachelor’s degree for all of their initial certificates regardless of level, a decrease of one from the number in 2006. Ten states, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands required content-specific degrees for at least one initial certificate issued at the elementary level, and 30 states, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands required these degrees for at least one initial secondary-level certificate (figure 16, figure 17). State Standards and Evaluation of Teacher Preparation Programs ◾ The number of at-risk and low-performing teacher preparation programs increased for the second year in a row, to 35 nationally (table 18).13 ◾ At-risk and low-performing programs continued to represent a small proportion (less than 3 percent) of the total number of institutions of higher education and alternative route programs that prepare teachers. 11 New York attributed this 92 percent increase to alternative route completers applying for initial certification in childhood education before the state’s February 2007 deadline. 12 High-poverty districts are determined using the quartile of the highest percentage of children living in poverty based on estimates generated by the Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) program. The estimates provided are only for local education agencies (LEAs) or school districts identified in the U.S. Census Bureau’s school district mapping project. For more information about the SAIPE data, visit http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/saipe. For charter schools, states included data for teachers if 1) the charter schools were considered to be LEAs and 2) the state required teachers in those schools to meet the same requirements for initial certification as any other public school teacher. High-poverty school dis- tricts were contrasted with all other districts in the state. 13 These 35 programs (compared to 31 the previous year) were located at 33 different institutions of higher education in 12 states and included one alternative route program. Tables and Figures | 7 Tables and Figures The tables and figures in this report are organized as follows: the first section deals with program completers in alternative and traditional teacher preparation programs (tables 1–3, figures 1–4). The next section addresses state assessments of teacher preparation (tables 4–9, figures 5–9), followed by a section on initial certification and licensure of teachers (tables 10–15, figures 10–14). The final section deals with state standards and the evaluation of teacher preparation programs (tables 16–19, figures 15–18). Tables and Figures 8 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality This page intentionally left blank. Tables and Figures | 9 Teacher Preparation Tables and Figures State Traditional route completers Alternative route completers Total completers Alabama 3,326 321 3,647 Alaska 201 0 201 American Samoa – – – Arizona 4,980 1 4,981 Arkansas 1,660 335 1,995 California 16,065 4,780 20,845 Colorado 2,412 526 2,938 Connecticut 2,195 230 2,425 Delaware 805 50 855 District of Columbia 350 96 446 Federated States of Micronesia – – – Florida 6,115 – 6,115 Georgia 3,890 1,751 5,641 Guam 61 – 61 Hawaii 597 43 640 Idaho 1,026 86 1,112 Illinois 10,553 418 10,971 Indiana 4,389 405 4,794 Iowa 2,807 0 2,807 Kansas 1,712 46 1,758 Kentucky 3,165 344 3,509 Louisiana 1,474 829 2,303 Maine 544 585 1,129 Marshall Islands 47 0 47 Maryland 2,409 368 2,777 Massachusetts 4,135 208 4,343 Michigan 8,136 59 8,195 Minnesota 3,431 0 3,431 Mississippi 1,387 1,113 2,500 Missouri 3,928 381 4,309 Montana – – – Continued Table 1. Number of program completers, by state and program attended: AY 2005–06 Teacher Preparation 10 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures Teacher Preparation State Traditional route completers Alternative route completers Total completers Nebraska 1,676 24 1,700 Nevada 982 0 982 New Hampshire 958 132 1,090 New Jersey 4,363 2,111 6,474 New Mexico 1,340 197 1,537 New York 24,300 4,804 29,104 North Carolina 3,909 749 4,658 North Dakota 775 – 775 Northern Mariana Islands 13 57 70 Ohio 8,154 547 8,701 Oklahoma 3,311 1,425 4,736 Oregon 2,870 0 2,870 Palau – – – Pennsylvania 11,122 37 11,159 Puerto Rico 3,549 87 3,636 Rhode Island 996 0 996 South Carolina 2,330 252 2,582 South Dakota 655 34 689 Tennessee 3,749 176 3,925 Texas 14,079 9,798 23,877 Utah 2,154 143 2,297 Vermont 536 81 617 Virgin Islands 18 0 18 Virginia 3,004 257 3,261 Washington 3,110 101 3,211 West Virginia 1,167 0 1,167 Wisconsin 3,826 178 4,004 Wyoming 253 6 259 Total 194,999 34,171 229,170 – Data not available. NOTE: For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Table 1. Number of program completers, by state and program attended: AY 2005–06 continued Tables and Figures | 11 Teacher Preparation Tables and Figures Table 2. Number and percentage change of traditional route program completers tested, by state: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 State Academic year Percentage change AY 2000–01 to AY 2005–06 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 Alabama † † † † 12,500 11,828 – Alaska 214 261 275 151 162 190 -11 American Samoa † † † † † † † Arizona 439 2,447 3,187 3,623 3,906 4,009 813 Arkansas 1,231 1,156 1,145 1,201 1,210 1,322 7 California 18,728 17,057 19,236 20,747 18,015 16,023 -14 Colorado 1,898 1,812 2,046 2,122 1,421 1,214 -36 Connecticut 1,658 1,714 1,868 1,865 1,955 2,115 28 Delaware 459 500 664 682 709 799 74 District of Columbia 288 229 346 309 299 331 15 Federated States of Micronesia † † † † † † † Florida 4,929 5,134 5,242 4,782 4,494 5,150 4 Georgia 2,809 2,474 2,101 2,863 3,210 3,454 23 Guam 263 – 72 49 34 28 -89 Hawaii 415 460 433 556 553 576 39 Idaho † † † † 578 947 – Illinois 8,690 9,086 9,188 10,280 10,608 10,471 20 Indiana 4,191 4,371 4,375 4,449 4,329 4,371 4 Iowa † † † † † † † Kansas 1,713 1,596 1,823 1,875 1,794 1,581 -8 Kentucky 2,166 2,198 2,508 2,577 2,444 2,432 12 Louisiana 1,961 1,775 1,780 1,542 1,543 1,474 -25 Maine 561 534 602 495 602 542 -3 Marshall Islands † † † † † † † Maryland 2,076 2,053 2,067 2,303 2,305 2,379 15 Massachusetts 3,215 3,340 3,905 3,462 3,549 3,764 17 Michigan 6,516 7,045 7,739 8,204 7,757 8,057 24 Minnesota 3,380 3,234 3,757 3,763 3,714 3,431 2 Mississippi 1,382 1,525 1,554 1,454 1,295 1,265 -8 Missouri 3,622 3,711 3,722 3,852 3,859 3,881 7 Montana 704 711 ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Nebraska † † † † † † † Nevada 851 803 919 979 958 888 4 Continued 12 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures Teacher Preparation Table 2. Number and percentage change of traditional route program completers tested, by state: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 continued State Academic year Percentage change AY 2000–01 to AY 2005–06 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 New Hampshire 676 689 588 651 698 715 6 New Jersey 3,267 3,219 3,274 3,691 4,164 4,257 30 New Mexico 859 1,094 1,065 1,246 1,195 1,195 39 New York 16,241 16,848 18,878 20,458 19,374 22,808 40 North Carolina 2,848 2,495 2,620 2,805 1,836 2,169 -24 North Dakota † † † 628 692 692 – Northern Mariana Islands † † † † † 13 – Ohio 7,562 7,500 7,022 7,703 7,779 7,761 3 Oklahoma 1,825 1,896 1,850 1,978 2,008 1,870 2 Oregon 1,573 1,881 2,127 1,839 1,824 2,277 45 Palau † † † † † † † Pennsylvania 9,933 9,795 10,231 11,232 10,876 11,122 12 Puerto Rico 1,937 2,188 2,159 2,425 2,594 2,896 50 Rhode Island 800 837 822 604 859 931 16 South Carolina 1,878 2,007 1,819 2,171 2,218 2,330 24 South Dakota † † † † † 584 – Tennessee 2,791 3,022 3,153 3,094 3,269 3,458 24 Texas 11,094 11,904 12,982 12,677 14,112 14,079 27 Utah † † † † † 907 – Vermont 485 474 419 475 464 506 4 Virgin Islands – – – 18 18 15 – Virginia 2,465 2,353 2,498 2,595 2,803 2,897 18 Washington † † † † † 2,808 – West Virginia 1,180 1,037 1,117 1,357 1,295 1,167 -1 Wisconsin † † † † 295 1,369 – Wyoming † † † † † 205 – Total 141,773 144,465 153,178 161,832 172,176 181,553 28% Number of states reporting 43 42 42 44 47 52 † Assessments not required for teacher certification or licensure. – Data not available.  Arizona’s large increase was due to the pilot test of its assessment program in the second year of the HEA Title II system; all new teachers participated in the testing program from AY 2001–02 through AY 2003–04. The number of completers in Arizona increased 48 percent from AY 2001–02 to AY 2003–04. ‡ Montana revised its policy that required the Praxis I for certification. The assessment is now used only for program admission. NOTE: For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Data presented in this report for previous years may not be consistent with data published in earlier reports because states are able to revise their data. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Tables and Figures | 13 Teacher Preparation Tables and Figures Table 3. Number and percentage change of alternative route program completers tested, by state: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 State Academic year Percentage change AY 2000–01 to AY 2005–06 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 Alabama † † † † – – – Alaska ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ American Samoa ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Arizona – – – – – – – Arkansas – 121 119 179 55 354 – California – 3,708 4,871 5,860 4,989 4,769 – Colorado – 371 456 560 438 505 – Connecticut – 173 216 191 139 140 – Delaware – 21 21 23 33 48 – District of Columbia ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ 152 87 ‡ Federated States of Micronesia ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Florida 70 151 289 – – – – Georgia 1,583 540 795 1,132 1,459 1,562 -1 Guam ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Hawaii – 131 47 18 41 32 – Idaho † † † † – 93 – Illinois – 155 228 172 332 418 – Indiana – – 140 363 380 404 – Iowa † † † † † † † Kansas – 30 45 64 40 44 – Kentucky – 101 226 419 728 808 – Louisiana 505 456 718 992 1,046 829 64 Maine 142 143 178 412 379 585 312 Marshall Islands ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Maryland 12 10 102 197 135 362 2,917 Massachusetts – – – – – 235 – Michigan – – – 121 102 59 – Minnesota 15 14 10 – – – – Mississippi – – 159 166 – – – Missouri 28 59 127 176 287 381 1,261 Montana † † † † † † † Nebraska † † † † † † † Nevada – – – – – – – Continued 14 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures Teacher Preparation Table 3. Number and percentage change of alternative route program completers tested, by state: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 continued State Academic year Percentage change AY 2000–01 to AY 2005–06 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 New Hampshire – 83 133 98 108 63 – New Jersey – 1,501 1,574 2,009 1,690 1,910 – New Mexico – 55 – 93 160 160 – New York 7,571 7,536 12,133 13,470 5,442 3,965 -48 North Carolina – – 171 508 821 743 – North Dakota † † † † – – – Northern Mariana Islands ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Ohio 33 71 209 321 282 426 1,191 Oklahoma 369 588 617 654 993 1,425 286 Oregon ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Palau ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Pennsylvania – – – – – 37 – Puerto Rico – 46 73 – 137 83 – Rhode Island ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ – – – South Carolina – 142 165 362 312 252 – South Dakota † † † † † 31 – Tennessee 69 94 97 96 159 154 123 Texas 2,836 3,970 6,191 6,902 5,959 9,798 245 Utah † † † † † – – Vermont 50 34 86 71 82 81 62 Virgin Islands ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Virginia – 115 249 130 242 257 – Washington † † † † † 67 – West Virginia – – – – – – – Wisconsin † † † † 40 162 – Wyoming † † † † † – – Total 13,283 20,419 30,445 35,759 27,162 31,329 136% Number of states reporting 13 28 30 29 31 36 † Assessments not required for teacher certification or licensure. ‡ State did not report having an alternative route. – Data not available.  Alternative route program entry required passing scores for Massachusetts Tests for Educator Licensure (MTEL). NOTE: For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. Alternative routes are as defined by the state. States are not required to provide a statewide summary of alternative route pass rates. The state education agency of the District of Columbia had not implemented any specific alternative route programs, but there were alternative route programs at the local education agency (district) level. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Data presented in this report for previous years may not be consistent with data published in earlier reports because states are able to revise their data. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Tables and Figures | 15 Teacher Preparation Tables and Figures Figure 1. Trend in total number of program completers, by traditional and alternative routes: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 NOTE: Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Data presented in this report for previous years may not be consistent with data published in earlier reports because states are able to revise their data. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 Total number of program completers Academic year 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 Total program completers Total traditional route program completers Total alternative route program completers 191,208 165,593 25,615 26,211 186,205 159,994 205,588 170,235 35,353 223,911 182,986 40,925 222,292 189,350 32,942 229,170 194,999 34,171 Figure 2. Top five teacher-producing states by percentage of national teacher population: AY 2005–06 NOTE: For purposes of this figure, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. New York 13% California 9% Texas 10% Pennsylvania 5% Illinois 5% All other states 58% 16 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures Teacher Preparation Figure 3. States implementing alternative routes to certification: 2007 NOTE: Alternative routes are as defined by the state. For purposes of this figure, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. The state education agency of the District of Columbia had not implemented any specific alternative route programs, but there were alternative route programs at the local education agency (district) level. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Hawaii States not implementing alternative routes to certification States implementing alternative routes to certification FL NM DE MD TX OK KS NE SD ND MT WY CO UT ID AZ NV WA AK CA OR KY ME NY PA MI VT NH MA RI CT VA WV OH IN IL NC TN SC AL MS AR LA MO IA MN WI NJ GA Puerto Rico American Samoa Federated States of Micronesia Guam Marshall Islands Northern Mariana Islands Palau Virgin Islands DC Tables and Figures | 17 Teacher Preparation Tables and Figures Figure 4. Trend in percentage of program completers attending traditional and alternative route programs: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 NOTE: Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Data presented in this report for previous years may not be consistent with data published in earlier reports because states are able to revise their data. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Percentage of program completers Academic year 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 Traditional route Alternative route 0 20 40 60 80 100 13 14 17 18 15 15 87 86 83 82 85 85 18 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality This page intentionally left blank. Tables and Figures | 19 State Assessments Tables and Figures State Basic skills Professional knowledge Academic content Other content areas Teaching special populations Total Change in total number of tests from 2003–04 to 2005–06 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 Alabama – 3 3 – – – – – – – – – – – – – 3 3 3 Alaska 9 9 6 – – – 5 – 1 – – – – – – 14 9 7 -7 Arizona – – – 2 2 2 15 15 16 3 2 2 9 8 8 29 27 28 -1 Arkansas 9 9 9 8 9 9 24 25 25 4 4 5 3 3 3 48 50 51 3 California 1 1 1 1 1 1 47 61 63 11 17 25 – – – 60 80 90 30 Colorado – – – 1 1 3 15 15 21 5 6 6 9 8 7 30 30 37 7 Connecticut 9 9 9 – – – 26 26 26 3 3 3 1 2 2 39 40 40 1 Delaware 9 9 9 – – – – – 23 – – 1 – – 1 9 9 34 25 District of Columbia 9 9 6 6 6 6 13 17 20 – – – 2 1 2 30 33 34 4 Florida 1 1 1 1 1 1 64 47 50 6 4 5 21 15 11 93 68 68 -25 Georgia 11 11 11 – – – 36 38 37 7 6 6 9 9 8 63 64 62 -1 Guam 1 1 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 1 0 Hawaii 9 9 9 3 3 4 23 27 27 2 2 2 4 3 4 41 44 46 5 Idaho – – – – 2 5 – 33 38 – – – – 5 6 – 40 49 49 Illinois 1 1 1 4 4 4 25 47 50 6 13 13 11 12 8 47 77 76 29 Indiana 11 9 9 1 1 1 27 28 25 5 5 5 6 6 6 50 49 46 -4 Kansas – – – 4 4 4 17 18 19 6 7 7 2 2 1 29 31 31 2 Kentucky – – – 3 3 3 29 29 33 5 7 5 5 7 7 42 46 48 6 Louisiana 11 9 9 4 7 6 26 25 30 – – – – – – 41 41 45 4 Maine 9 9 7 – – 1 – – 18 – – 1 – – 1 9 9 28 19 Maryland 6 6 6 10 9 9 24 24 26 – 2 2 3 3 3 43 44 46 3 Massachusetts 2 2 2 2 2 2 29 30 28 3 5 4 2 2 2 38 41 38 0 Michigan 3 3 3 – – – 39 38 39 14 13 13 9 12 11 65 66 66 1 Minnesota 9 9 9 3 3 3 14 20 21 5 5 5 2 2 2 33 39 40 7 Mississippi – – – 3 3 3 14 14 12 4 3 2 1 1 1 22 21 18 -4 Missouri – – – 2 2 2 22 22 23 6 7 6 5 6 4 35 37 35 0 Nevada 9 9 9 6 6 6 23 20 23 2 2 2 1 1 1 41 38 41 0 New Hampshire – – – – – – 17 15 15 – – – – – – 17 15 15 -2 New Jersey – – – – – – 20 24 24 3 3 3 1 1 1 24 28 28 4 New Mexico 1 1 1 2 3 3 – 12 12 – – – – – – 3 16 16 13 Continued Table 4. Number of types of tests given for teacher certification, by state and aggregate area: AY 2003–04 through AY 2005–06 State Assessments 20 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures State Assessments State Basic skills Professional knowledge Academic content Other content areas Teaching special populations Total Change in total number of tests from 2003–04 to 2005–06 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 New York – – – 1 1 1 20 21 22 9 9 9 8 7 8 38 38 40 2 North Carolina 9 – – – – – 13 16 12 2 6 2 5 10 7 29 32 21 -8 North Dakota 3 3 3 – – – – – – – – – – – 3 3 3 0 Northern Mari- ana Islands – – 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 Ohio – – – 3 4 4 25 32 31 4 4 4 4 5 3 36 45 42 6 Oklahoma – 1 1 1 2 2 2 18 20 28 2 2 2 2 2 33 25 27 -6 Oregon 1 1 1 1 1 1 50 45 45 12 11 12 7 8 6 71 66 65 -6 Pennsylvania 9 7 7 – – 1 25 30 24 8 8 9 6 5 5 48 50 46 -2 Puerto Rico 1 1 1 2 2 2 5 5 5 – – – – – – 8 8 8 0 Rhode Island – – – 4 4 4 – – – – – – – – – 4 4 4 0 South Carolina 3 3 9 10 7 3 31 31 31 7 15 – 12 9 7 63 65 50 -13 South Dakota – – – – – 4 – – 26 – – – – – – – – 30 30 Tennessee – – – 12 12 11 36 36 34 10 10 9 9 9 11 67 67 65 -2 Texas 1 1 1 7 7 7 53 52 46 2 4 6 20 21 16 83 85 76 -7 Utah – – – – – – – – 13 – – – – – – – – 13 13 Vermont* 6 6 6 – – – 10 18 23 1 1 1 – – – 18 26 31 13 Virgin Islands 1 1 1 – – – – – – – – – – – – 1 1 1 0 Virginia 9 9 9 – – – 19 20 18 4 4 4 – – – 32 33 31 -1 Washington – – – – – – – – 30 – – – – – – – – 30 30 West Virginia – – – 1 1 1 19 17 25 8 7 9 8 4 6 36 29 41 5 Wisconsin – – – – – – – 20 20 – – – – – – – 20 20 20 Wyoming – – – – – 2 – – 1 – – – – – – – – 3 3 Total 173 162 161 108 113 121 902 1,031 1,171 195 197 190 187 189 171 1,566 1,693 1,815 249 Percentage of total 11 % 10 % 9% 7% 7% 7% 58% 61% 65% 12% 12% 10% 12% 11% 9% – Test not required for certification or licensure or only required for program admission. * Vermont administers a performance assessment that is not shown here. The total number of assessments includes the performance assessment. NOTE: For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. States that do not require tests for teacher licensure or certification are not included in this table. For each test type, states report the number of tests for certification or licensure given with at least one test taker. States may offer other tests, but they are not included in this table if no one took them. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Data presented in this report for previous years may not be consistent with data published in earlier reports because states are able to revise their data. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Table 4. Number of types of tests given for teacher certification, by state and aggregate area: AY 2003–04 through AY 2005–06 continued Tables and Figures | 21 State Assessments Tables and Figures Table 5. State passing scores for Praxis II Elementary Education assessments: AY 2001–02 through AY 2005–06 Elementary Education: Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment (0011) State 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 Connecticut 163 163 163 163 163 Delaware – – – – 158 District of Columbia 146 146 146 146 146 Hawaii 164 164 164 164 164 Indiana 143 143 165 165 165 Kansas – – – 163 163 Kentucky 163 163 163 163 163 Louisiana 156 156 156 156 156 Missouri 164 164 164 164 164 Nevada 158 158 158 158 158 North Carolina a – – – – – Ohio 162 162 162 – – Pennsylvania 168 168 168 168 168 South Carolina 164 164 164 164 164 West Virginia 155 155 155 155 155 Wyoming – – – – 160 Median for Title II Completers b 180 179 181 179 180 National Median 179 178 177 177 177 Average Performance Range 169–188 168–187 168–186 167–186 168–186 Continued 22 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures State Assessments Table 5. State passing scores for Praxis II Elementary Education assessments: AY 2001–02 through 2005–06 continued Elementary Education: Content Knowledge (0014) State 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 Delaware – – – – 151 District of Columbia – – 145 145 145 Idaho – – – 143 143 Kentucky – – – 148 148 Louisiana 147 147 147 150 150 Maine – – – – 145 Maryland 142 142 142 142 142 Minnesota – 140 140 145 145 Mississippi 153 153 153 153 – New Jersey 133 133 141 141 141 South Dakota – – – – 137 Utah – – – – 150 Virginia – 143 143 143 143 Washington – – – – 141 Wisconsin – – – 147 147 Median for Title II Completers b 165 166 165 165 166 National Median 159 162 163 163 163 Average Performance Range 145–174 149–175 149–175 150–175 150–175 – Data not reported. a In North Carolina, while this assessment is required for Elementary Education certification, the state counts a combined score of the Elementary Education: Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment and Elementary Education: Content Area Exercises for their Elementary Education license. The individual assessment cut score is not applicable. b Includes data only for those states where ETS calculates the pass rates for states: Alaska, Ark., Conn., D.C., Del., Hawaii, Idaho, Ind., Kan., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Minn., Miss., N.H., N.J., Nev., Ohio, Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Utah, Va., Wash., Wis. NOTE: For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. States shown reported pass rates and cut scores for the assessments shown and categorized these assessments as academic content tests. The possible score range for these assessments is 100–200. Average performance range indicates the 25th and 75th percentiles of test score distribution. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Data presented in this report for previous years may not be consistent with data published in earlier reports because states are able to revise their data. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Tables and Figures | 23 State Assessments Tables and Figures State Testing company Summary Number of institutionsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) Alabama ETS 26 11,828 11,646 98 73 – 100 Alaska ETS 4 190 183 96 91 – 100 American Samoa No testing † † † † † Arizona NES 13 4,009 3,703 92 85 – 100 Arkansas ETS 17 1,322 1,276 97 75 – 100 California NES 77 16,023 15,733 98 86 – 100 Colorado NES 16 1,214 1,177 97 87 – 100 Connecticut ETS 13 2,115 2,080 98 83 – 100 Delaware ETS 4 799 755 94 69 – 98 District of Columbia ETS 7 331 306 92 71 – 100 Federated States of Micronesia No testing † † † † † Florida Other 29 5,150 5,133 100 93 – 100 Georgia ETS 28 3,454 3,398 98 89 – 100 Guam ETS 1 28 27 96 96 Hawaii ETS 6 576 512 89 84 – 100 Idaho ETS 7 947 930 98 96 – 100 Illinois NES 51 10,471 10,338 99 86 – 100 Indiana ETS 35 4,371 4,262 98 91 – 100 Iowa No testing † † † † † Kansas ETS 20 1,581 1,484 94 69 – 100 Kentucky ETS 25 2,432 2,307 95 86 – 100 Louisiana ETS 18 1,474 1,464 99 92 – 100 Maine ETS 9 542 530 98 90 – 100 Marshall Islands No testing † † † † † Maryland ETS 20 2,379 2,302 97 77 – 100 Massachusetts NES 48 3,764 3,655 97 73 – 100 Michigan NES 32 8,057 8,057 100 100 Minnesota ETS 26 3,431 3,097 90 79 – 100 Mississippi ETS 13 1,265 1,241 98 95 – 100 Missouri ETS 36 3,881 3,824 99 92 – 100 Montana No testing † † † † † Nebraska – – – – – – Nevada ETS 7 888 825 93 67 – 100 New Hampshire ETS 10 715 668 93 87 – 100 New Jersey ETS 20 4,257 4,096 96 79 – 100 Continued Table 6a. Summary of traditional route pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 24 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures State Assessments State Testing company Summary Number of institutionsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) New Mexico NES 9 1,195 1,114 93 75 – 100 New York NES 106 22,808 21,588 95 74 – 100 North Carolina ETS 34 2,169 2,116 98 82 – 100 North Dakota ETS 9 692 689 100 97 – 100 Northern Mariana Islands ETS 1 13 12 92 92 Ohio ETS 46 7,761 7,404 95 87 – 100 Oklahoma NES 20 1,870 1,834 98 85 – 100 Oregon ETS 17 2,277 2,277 100 100 Palau No testing † † † † † Pennsylvania ETS 87 11,122 10,633 96 59 – 100 Puerto Rico Other 31 2,896 2,387 82 42 – 100 Rhode Island ETS 7 931 891 96 93 – 100 South Carolina ETS 27 2,330 2,229 96 84 – 100 South Dakota ETS 9 584 578 99 90 – 100 Tennessee ETS 37 3,458 3,368 97 88 – 100 Texas NES 63 14,079 13,306 95 72 – 100 Utah ETS 10 907 821 91 73 – 95 Vermont ETS 11 506 497 98 95 – 100 Virgin Islands ETS 1 15 5 33 33 Virginia ETS 33 2,897 2,839 98 80 – 100 Washington ETS 20 2,808 2,793 99 90 – 100 West Virginia ETS 16 1,167 1,167 100 100 Wisconsin ETS 29 1,369 1,369 100 100 Wyoming ETS 1 205 189 92 92 Total 1,242 181,553 175,115 96% 33 – 100% – Data are not available because test may not be required for certification or licensure or there may be less than 10 test takers. † Non-testing state. a Number of institutions only includes institutions with 10 or more completers taking an assessment in that area. b Number tested is the total number of test takers at all institutions in the state, including institutions with less than 10 completers. Note: The range is the range of pass rates at the institutions of higher education. A range of one number indicates that there was the same pass rate at all institutions in the state with 10 or more completers taking an assessment. ETS is the Educational Testing Service. NES is the National Evaluation Systems. States with “other” testing companies may use a state-developed test or a test- ing company other than ETS or NES. For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. Institutions in Alabama, Nebraska, Tennessee, Washington and Wisconsin require applicants to pass a basic skills test as a condition of admission to a teacher preparation program. These states are not required to submit their basic skills pass rates because they do not require the assessments for certification. Oklahoma has additional tests that are required for certification. In Michigan, institutions require passing basic skills for admission; the state requires passage before student teaching. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Table 6a. Summary of traditional route pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 continued Tables and Figures | 25 State Assessments Tables and Figures State Testing company Basic skills Number of institutionsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) Alabama Other 26 11,828 11,646 98 73 – 100 Alaska ETS 4 190 183 96 91 – 100 American Samoa No testing † † † † † Arizona NES – – – – – Arkansas ETS 16 1,274 1,271 100 92 – 100 California NES 77 15,965 15,957 100 99 – 100 Colorado NES – – – – – Connecticut ETS 12 1,295 1,293 100 98 – 100 Delaware ETS 4 794 786 99 76 – 100 District of Columbia ETS 7 323 312 97 79 – 100 Federated States of Micronesia No testing † † † † † Florida Other 29 5,098 5,084 100 93 – 100 Georgia ETS 23 1,656 1,569 95 47 – 100 Guam ETS 1 28 27 96 96 Hawaii ETS 6 537 528 98 97 – 100 Idaho ETS – – – – – Illinois NES 51 10,013 10,004 100 98 – 100 Indiana ETS 35 4,134 4,089 99 93 – 100 Iowa No testing † † † † † Kansas ETS – – – – – Kentucky ETS – – – – – Louisiana ETS 18 1,405 1,405 100 100 Maine ETS 9 534 531 99 95 – 100 Marshall Islands No testing † † † † † Maryland ETS 20 2,273 2,249 99 93 – 100 Massachusetts NES 48 3,606 3,576 99 80 – 100 Michigan NES 32 7,174 7,174 100 100 Minnesota ETS 26 3,243 3,089 95 85 – 100 Mississippi ETS – – – – – Missouri Other – – – – – Montana No testing † † † † † Nebraska – – – – – – Nevada ETS 6 746 734 98 93 – 100 New Hampshire ETS 10 676 648 96 91 – 100 New Jersey ETS – – – – – Continued Table 6b. Traditional route basic skills pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 26 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures State Assessments State Testing company Basic skills Number of institutionsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) New Mexico NES 9 1,170 1,154 99 93 – 100 New York NES – – – – – North Carolina ETS – – – – – North Dakota ETS 9 692 689 100 97 – 100 Northern Mariana Islands ETS 1 13 12 92 92 Ohio ETS – – – – – Oklahoma NES 20 1,860 1,855 100 92 – 100 Oregon ETS 17 1,908 1,908 100 100 Palau No testing † † † † † Pennsylvania ETS 87 10,822 10,731 99 68 – 100 Puerto Rico Other 31 2,813 2,445 87 64 – 100 Rhode Island ETS – – – – – South Carolina ETS 27 1,971 1,956 99 92 – 100 South Dakota ETS – – – – – Tennessee ETS – – – – – Texas NES 63 14,079 14,079 100 100 Utah ETS – – – – – Vermont ETS 10 462 460 100 98 – 100 Virgin Islands ETS 1 15 5 33 33 Virginia ETS 33 2,567 2,537 99 88 – 100 Washington ETS – – – – – West Virginia ETS – – – – – Wisconsin ETS – – – – – Wyoming ETS – – – – – Total 768 111,164 109,986 99% 33 – 100% – Data are not available because test may not be required for certification or licensure or there may be less than 10 test takers. † Non-testing state. a Number of institutions only includes institutions with 10 or more completers taking an assessment in that area. b Number tested is the total number of test takers at all institutions in the state, including institutions with less than 10 completers. Note: The range is the range of pass rates at the institutions of higher education. A range of one number indicates that there was the same pass rate at all institutions in the state with 10 or more completers taking an assessment. ETS is the Educational Testing Service. NES is the National Evaluation Systems. States with “other” testing companies may use a state-developed test or a test- ing company other than ETS or NES. For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. Institutions in Alabama, Nebraska, Tennessee, Washington and Wisconsin require applicants to pass a basic skills test as a condition of admission to a teacher preparation program. These states are not required to submit their basic skills pass rates because they do not require the assessments for certification. Oklahoma has additional tests that are required for certification. In Michigan, institutions require passing basic skills for admission; the state requires passage before student teaching. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Table 6b. Traditional route basic skill pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 continued Tables and Figures | 27 State Assessments Tables and Figures State Testing company Professional knowledge Number of institutionsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) Alabama ETS – – – – – Alaska ETS – – – – – American Samoa No testing † † † † † Arizona NES 13 3,975 3,832 96 89 – 100 Arkansas ETS 16 1,292 1,258 97 80 – 100 California NES 71 10,616 10,382 98 86 – 100 Colorado NES 8 297 279 94 82 – 100 Connecticut ETS – – – – – Delaware ETS – – – – – District of Columbia ETS 2 85 78 92 89 – 92 Federated States of Micronesia No testing † † † † † Florida Other 29 5,084 5,082 100 96 – 100 Georgia ETS – – – – – Guam ETS – – – – – Hawaii ETS 5 442 421 95 85 – 100 Idaho ETS 6 414 410 99 98 – 100 Illinois NES 51 10,094 9,977 99 85 – 100 Indiana ETS 1 12 12 100 100 Iowa No testing † † † † † Kansas ETS 20 1,567 1,526 97 91 – 100 Kentucky ETS 25 2,213 2,167 98 95 – 100 Louisiana ETS 18 1,495 1,491 100 99 – 100 Maine ETS 1 13 13 100 100 Marshall Islands No testing † † † † † Maryland ETS 16 1,681 1,653 98 90 – 100 Massachusetts NES – – – – – Michigan NES – – – – – Minnesota ETS 26 3,239 3,190 98 93 – 100 Mississippi ETS 13 1,259 1,249 99 95 – 100 Missouri ETS – – – – – Montana No testing † † † † † Nebraska – – – – – – Nevada ETS 3 246 234 95 94 – 100 New Hampshire ETS – – – – – New Jersey ETS – – – – – Continued Table 6c. Traditional route professional knowledge pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 28 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures State Assessments State Testing company Professional knowledge Number of institutionsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) New Mexico NES 9 1,085 1,033 95 88 – 100 New York NES 106 20,887 20,772 99 89 – 100 North Carolina ETS – – – – – North Dakota ETS – – – – – Northern Mariana Islands ETS – – – – – Ohio ETS 46 7,271 7,032 97 90 – 100 Oklahoma NES 20 1,818 1,795 99 92 – 100 Oregon ETS – – – – – Palau No testing † † † † † Pennsylvania ETS – – – – – Puerto Rico Other 31 2,818 2,558 91 58 – 100 Rhode Island ETS 7 931 891 96 93 – 100 South Carolina ETS 1 38 28 74 80 South Dakota ETS 9 563 560 99 93 – 100 Tennessee ETS 37 3,375 3,314 98 89 – 100 Texas NES 63 12,803 12,335 96 75 – 100 Utah ETS – – – – – Vermont ETS – – – – – Virgin Islands ETS – – – – – Virginia ETS – – – – – Washington ETS – – – – – West Virginia ETS 16 1,167 1,167 100 100 Wisconsin ETS – – – – – Wyoming ETS 1 75 73 97 97 Total 670 96,855 94,812 98% 58 – 100% – Data are not available because test may not be required for certification or licensure or there may be less than 10 test takers. † Non-testing state. a Number of institutions only includes institutions with 10 or more completers taking an assessment in that area. b Number tested is the total number of test takers at all institutions in the state, including institutions with less than 10 completers. Note: The range is the range of pass rates at the institutions of higher education. A range of one number indicates that there was the same pass rate at all institutions in the state with 10 or more completers taking an assessment. ETS is the Educational Testing Service. NES is the National Evaluation Systems. States with “other” testing companies may use a state-developed test or a test- ing company other than ETS or NES. For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. Institutions in Alabama, Nebraska, Tennessee, Washington and Wisconsin require applicants to pass a basic skills test as a condition of admission to a teacher preparation program. These states are not required to submit their basic skills pass rates because they do not require the assessments for certification. Oklahoma has additional tests that are required for certification. In Michigan, institutions require passing basic skills for admission; the state requires passage before student teaching. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Table 6c. Traditional route professional knowledge pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 continued Tables and Figures | 29 State Assessments Tables and Figures State Testing company Academic content Number of institutionsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) Alabama ETS – – – – – Alaska ETS – – – – – American Samoa No testing † † † † † Arizona NES 13 3,437 3,187 93 88 – 100 Arkansas ETS 16 1,287 1,270 99 80 – 100 California NES 50 2,599 2,579 99 92 – 100 Colorado NES 14 616 606 98 82 – 100 Connecticut ETS 13 1,730 1,697 98 82 – 100 Delaware ETS 4 466 429 92 76 – 97 District of Columbia ETS 5 215 206 96 85 – 100 Federated States of Micronesia No testing † † † † † Florida Other 28 4,474 4,469 100 96 – 100 Georgia ETS 28 2,884 2,831 98 88 – 100 Guam ETS – – – – – Hawaii ETS 5 408 357 88 84 – 100 Idaho ETS 7 1,038 1,014 98 95 – 100 Illinois NES 51 8,859 8,852 100 98 – 100 Indiana ETS 35 3,981 3,901 98 91 – 100 Iowa No testing † † † † † Kansas ETS 20 1,405 1,339 95 60 – 100 Kentucky ETS 25 2,332 2,239 96 89 – 100 Louisiana ETS 18 1,440 1,434 100 92 – 100 Maine ETS 6 454 445 98 90 – 100 Marshall Islands No testing † † † † † Maryland ETS 20 2,003 1,974 99 91 – 100 Massachusetts NES 48 5,628 5,529 98 76 – 100 Michigan NES 33 10,369 10,369 100 100 Minnesota ETS 26 3,019 2,814 93 85 – 100 Mississippi ETS 13 1,186 1,171 99 97 – 100 Missouri ETS 36 3,508 3,451 98 92 – 100 Montana No testing † † † † † Nebraska – – – – – – Nevada ETS 6 676 639 95 79 – 100 New Hampshire ETS 7 136 115 85 56 – 100 New Jersey ETS 21 4,342 4,169 96 79 – 100 Continued Table 6d. Traditional route academic content pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 30 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures State Assessments State Testing company Academic content Number of institutionsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) New Mexico NES 9 868 840 97 83 – 100 New York NES 103 17,736 16,859 95 74 – 100 North Carolina ETS 33 1,968 1,916 97 82 – 100 North Dakota ETS – – – – – Northern Mariana Islands ETS – – – – – Ohio ETS 46 7,939 7,744 98 91 – 100 Oklahoma NES 20 2,650 2,635 99 92 – 100 Oregon ETS 17 2,335 2,335 100 100 Palau No testing † † † † † Pennsylvania ETS 87 11,340 10,806 95 54 – 100 Puerto Rico Other 17 14,780 12,967 88 84 – 100 Rhode Island ETS – – – – – South Carolina ETS 27 2,179 2,086 96 85 – 100 South Dakota ETS 9 374 369 99 91 – 100 Tennessee ETS 36 3,174 3,134 99 94 – 100 Texas NES 63 11,289 10,974 97 81 – 100 Utah ETS 10 909 821 90 73 – 95 Vermont ETS 5 198 190 96 92 – 100 Virgin Islands ETS – – – – – Virginia ETS 31 2,297 2,265 99 91 – 100 Washington ETS 20 3,329 3,289 99 88 – 100 West Virginia ETS 16 1,085 1,085 100 100 Wisconsin ETS 29 1,451 1,451 100 100 Wyoming ETS 1 133 119 89 89 Total 1,127 154,526 148,971 96% 54 – 100% – Data are not available because test may not be required for certification or licensure or there may be less than 10 test takers. † Non-testing state. a Number of institutions only includes institutions with 10 or more completers taking an assessment in that area. b Number tested is the total number of test takers at all institutions in the state, including institutions with less than 10 completers. Note: The range is the range of pass rates at the institutions of higher education. A range of one number indicates that there was the same pass rate at all institutions in the state with 10 or more completers taking an assessment. ETS is the Educational Testing Service. NES is the National Evaluation Systems. States with “other” testing companies may use a state-developed test or a test- ing company other than ETS or NES. For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. Institutions in Alabama, Nebraska, Tennessee, Washington and Wisconsin require applicants to pass a basic skills test as a condition of admission to a teacher preparation program. These states are not required to submit their basic skills pass rates because they do not require the assessments for certification. Oklahoma has additional tests that are required for certification. In Michigan, institutions require passing basic skills for admission; the state requires passage before student teaching. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Table 6d. Traditional route academic content pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 continued Tables and Figures | 31 State Assessments Tables and Figures State Testing company Other content Number of institutionsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) Alabama ETS – – – – – Alaska ETS – – – – – American Samoa No testing † † † † † Arizona NES 1 66 64 97 100 Arkansas ETS 6 138 137 99 97 – 100 California NES 70 9,886 9,846 100 95 – 100 Colorado NES 1 33 33 100 100 Connecticut ETS 1 36 36 100 100 Delaware ETS – – – – – District of Columbia ETS – – – – – Federated States of Micronesia No testing † † † † † Florida Other 1 81 81 100 100 Georgia ETS 4 92 90 98 94 – 100 Guam ETS – – – – – Hawaii ETS – – – – – Idaho ETS – – – – – Illinois NES 10 375 375 100 100 Indiana ETS 4 119 119 100 100 Iowa No testing † † † † † Kansas ETS 7 186 178 96 91 – 100 Kentucky ETS 6 178 174 98 94 – 100 Louisiana ETS – – – – – Maine ETS – – – – – Marshall Islands No testing † † † † † Maryland ETS 1 31 27 87 78 Massachusetts NES – 25 25 100 100 Michigan NES 10 360 360 100 100 Minnesota ETS 4 102 100 98 90 – 100 Mississippi ETS – – – – – Missouri ETS 7 205 205 100 100 Montana No testing † † † † † Nebraska – – – – – – Nevada ETS – – – – – New Hampshire ETS – – – – – New Jersey ETS 1 15 15 100 100 Continued Table 6e. Traditional route other content pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 32 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures State Assessments State Testing company Other content Number of institutionsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) New Mexico NES – – – – – New York NES 106 22,107 21,805 99 86 – 100 North Carolina ETS – – – – – North Dakota ETS – – – – – Northern Mariana Islands ETS – – – – – Ohio ETS 4 137 137 100 100 Oklahoma NES 1 29 28 97 100 Oregon ETS 11 420 420 100 100 Palau No testing † † † † † Pennsylvania ETS 14 655 652 100 97 – 100 Puerto Rico Other – – – – – Rhode Island ETS – – – – – South Carolina ETS – – – – – South Dakota ETS – – – – – Tennessee ETS 7 125 122 98 90 – 100 Texas NES 2 73 62 85 91 – 100 Utah ETS – – – – – Vermont ETS 8 228 227 100 98 – 100 Virgin Islands ETS – – – – – Virginia ETS 6 130 130 100 100 Washington ETS – – – – – West Virginia ETS 3 62 62 100 100 Wisconsin ETS – – – – – Wyoming ETS – – – – – Total 296 35,894 35,510 99% 78 – 100% – Data are not available because test may not be required for certification or licensure or there may be less than 10 test takers. † Non-testing state. a Number of institutions only includes institutions with 10 or more completers taking an assessment in that area. b Number tested is the total number of test takers at all institutions in the state, including institutions with less than 10 completers. Note: The range is the range of pass rates at the institutions of higher education. A range of one number indicates that there was the same pass rate at all institutions in the state with 10 or more completers taking an assessment. ETS is the Educational Testing Service. NES is the National Evaluation Systems. States with “other” testing companies may use a state-developed test or a test- ing company other than ETS or NES. For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. Institutions in Alabama, Nebraska, Tennessee, Washington and Wisconsin require applicants to pass a basic skills test as a condition of admission to a teacher preparation program. These states are not required to submit their basic skills pass rates because they do not require the assessments for certification. Oklahoma has additional tests that are required for certification. In Michigan, institutions require passing basic skills for admission; the state requires passage before student teaching. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Table 6e. Traditional route other content pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 continued Tables and Figures | 33 State Assessments Tables and Figures State Testing company Teaching special populations Number of institutionsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) Alabama ETS – – – – – Alaska ETS – – – – – American Samoa No testing † † † † † Arizona NES 6 365 339 93 84 – 100 Arkansas ETS – 10 10 100 100 California NES – – – – – Colorado NES 5 268 259 97 91 – 100 Connecticut ETS 5 194 194 100 100 Delaware ETS 1 51 49 96 96 District of Columbia ETS 1 69 69 100 100 Federated States of Micronesia No testing † † † † † Florida Other 15 501 501 100 100 Georgia ETS 11 298 291 98 97 – 100 Guam ETS – – – – – Hawaii ETS 2 63 57 90 84 – 93 Idaho ETS 5 121 121 100 100 Illinois NES 23 1,114 1,113 100 99 – 100 Indiana ETS 11 274 272 99 94 – 100 Iowa No testing † † † † † Kansas ETS – – – – – Kentucky ETS 7 266 247 93 87 – 100 Louisiana ETS – – – – – Maine ETS 2 31 31 100 100 Marshall Islands No testing † † † † † Maryland ETS 3 202 191 95 89 – 100 Massachusetts NES – – – – – Michigan NES 6 243 243 100 100 Minnesota ETS 9 294 290 99 95 – 100 Mississippi ETS 2 50 50 100 100 Missouri ETS 3 164 163 99 100 Montana No testing † † † † † Nebraska – – – – – – Nevada ETS 2 50 43 86 80 – 88 New Hampshire ETS – – – – – New Jersey ETS 1 20 19 95 95 Continued Table 6f. Traditional route teaching special populations pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 34 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures State Assessments State Testing company Teaching special populations Number of institutionsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) New Mexico NES – – – – – New York NES 71 6,144 5,658 92 58 – 100 North Carolina ETS 7 211 210 100 100 North Dakota ETS – – – – – Northern Mariana Islands ETS – – – – – Ohio ETS 25 780 754 97 87 – 100 Oklahoma NES 7 158 156 99 95 – 100 Oregon ETS 9 586 586 100 100 Palau No testing † † † † † Pennsylvania ETS 41 1,630 1,625 100 80 – 100 Puerto Rico Other – – – – – Rhode Island ETS – – – – – South Carolina ETS 7 188 185 98 100 South Dakota ETS – – – – – Tennessee ETS 11 386 382 99 96 – 100 Texas NES 35 2,872 2,726 95 76 – 100 Utah ETS – – – – – Vermont ETS – – – – – Virgin Islands ETS – – – – – Virginia ETS – – – – – Washington ETS – – – – – West Virginia ETS 5 116 116 100 100 Wisconsin ETS – – – – – Wyoming ETS – – – – – Total 338 17,719 16,950 96% 58 – 100% – Data are not available because test may not be required for certification or licensure or there may be less than 10 test takers. † Non-testing state. a Number of institutions only includes institutions with 10 or more completers taking an assessment in that area. b Number tested is the total number of test takers at all institutions in the state, including institutions with less than 10 completers. Note: The range is the range of pass rates at the institutions of higher education. A range of one number indicates that there was the same pass rate at all institutions in the state with 10 or more completers taking an assessment. ETS is the Educational Testing Service. NES is the National Evaluation Systems. States with “other” testing companies may use a state-developed test or a test- ing company other than ETS or NES. For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. Institutions in Alabama, Nebraska, Tennessee, Washington and Wisconsin require applicants to pass a basic skills test as a condition of admission to a teacher preparation program. These states are not required to submit their basic skills pass rates because they do not require the assessments for certification. Oklahoma has additional tests that are required for certification. In Michigan, institutions require passing basic skills for admission; the state requires passage before student teaching. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Table 6f. Traditional route teaching special populations pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 continued Tables and Figures | 35 State Assessments Tables and Figures State Testing company Summary Number of programsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) Alabama ETS – – – – – Alaska ETS – – – – – American Samoa No testing † † † † † Arizona NES – – – – – Arkansas ETS 2 354 343 97 95 – 97 California NES 54 4,769 4,678 98 88 – 100 Colorado NES 1 505 505 100 100 Connecticut ETS 1 140 135 96 96 Delaware ETS 1 48 41 85 85 District of Columbia ETS 3 87 75 86 76 – 100 Federated States of Micronesia No testing † † † † † Florida Other – – – – – Georgia ETS 17 1,562 1,501 96 89 – 100 Guam ETS – – – – – Hawaii ETS 1 32 26 81 81 Idaho Other 1 93 86 92 92 Illinois NES 11 418 403 96 86 – 100 Indiana ETS 1 404 397 98 98 Iowa No testing † † † † † Kansas ETS 2 44 42 95 100 Kentucky ETS 3 808 808 100 100 Louisiana ETS 16 829 825 100 93 – 100 Maine ETS 1 585 585 100 100 Marshall Islands No testing † † † † † Maryland ETS 6 362 343 95 87 – 100 Massachusetts NES 2 235 235 100 100 Michigan NES 1 59 59 100 100 Minnesota ETS – – – – – Mississippi ETS – – – – – Missouri ETS 2 381 375 98 98 Montana No testing † † † † † Nebraska – – – – – – Nevada ETS – – – – – New Hampshire ETS 1 63 58 92 92 New Jersey ETS 1 1,910 1,632 85 85 Continued Table 7a. Summary of alternative route pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 36 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures State Assessments State Testing company Summary Number of programsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) New Mexico NES 7 160 150 94 83 – 100 New York NES 1 3,965 3,445 87 87 North Carolina ETS 1 743 743 100 100 North Dakota ETS – – – – – Northern Mariana Islands ETS – – – – – Ohio ETS 1 426 426 100 100 Oklahoma NES 1 1,425 1,425 100 100 Oregon ETS – – – – – Palau No testing † † † † † Pennsylvania Other 1 37 37 100 100 Puerto Rico Other 1 83 60 72 72 Rhode Island ETS – – – – – South Carolina ETS 1 252 243 96 96 South Dakota ETS 2 31 31 100 100 Tennessee ETS 2 154 124 81 77 – 94 Texas NES 58 9,798 9,361 96 74 – 100 Utah ETS – – – – – Vermont ETS 1 81 78 96 96 Virgin Islands ETS – – – – – Virginia ETS 1 257 254 99 99 Washington ETS 4 67 67 100 100 West Virginia ETS – – – – – Wisconsin ETS 4 162 162 100 100 Wyoming ETS – – – – – Total 214 31,329 29,758 95% 72 – 100% – Data are not available because test may not be required for certification or licensure or there may be less than 10 test takers. † Non-testing state. a Number of programs only includes programs with 10 or more completers taking an assessment in that area. b Number tested is the total number of test takers at all programs in the state, including programs with less than 10 completers. Note: The range is the range of pass rates in the programs. A range of one number indicates that there was the same pass rate at all programs in the state with 10 or more completers taking an assessment. ETS is the Educational Testing Service. NES is the National Evaluation Systems. States with “other” testing companies may use a state-developed test or a testing company other than ETS or NES. For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. The state education agency of the District of Columbia had not implemented any specific alternative route programs, but there were alternative route programs at the local education agency (district) level. Institutions in Alabama, Nebraska, Tennessee, Washington and Wisconsin require applicants to pass a basic skills test as a condition of admission to a teacher preparation program. These states are not required to submit their basic skills pass rates because they do not require the assessments for certification. Oklahoma has additional tests that are required for certification. In Michigan, institutions require passing basic skills for admission; the state requires passage before student teaching. Alternative route program entry in Massachusetts requires passing scores for Massachusetts Tests for Educator Licensure (MTEL). States are not required to provide a statewide summary of alternative route pass rates. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Table 7a. Summary of alternative route pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 continued Tables and Figures | 37 State Assessments Tables and Figures State Testing company Basic skills Number of programsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) Alabama Other – – – – – Alaska ETS – – – – – American Samoa No testing † † † † † Arizona NES – – – – – Arkansas ETS 2 258 255 99 99 – 100 California NES 54 4,750 4,749 100 100 Colorado NES – – – – – Connecticut ETS 1 60 60 100 100 Delaware ETS 1 46 39 85 85 District of Columbia ETS 3 79 73 92 86 – 100 Federated States of Micronesia No testing † † † † † Florida Other – – – – – Georgia ETS 14 824 636 77 56 – 100 Guam ETS – – – – – Hawaii ETS 1 31 25 81 81 Idaho Other – – – – – Illinois NES 11 398 398 100 100 Indiana ETS 1 395 392 99 99 Iowa No testing † † † † † Kansas ETS – – – – – Kentucky ETS – – – – – Louisiana ETS 16 595 595 100 100 Maine ETS 1 585 585 100 100 Marshall Islands No testing † † † † † Maryland ETS 6 344 340 99 96 – 100 Massachusetts NES 2 235 235 100 100 Michigan NES 1 59 59 100 100 Minnesota ETS – – – – – Mississippi ETS – – – – – Missouri ETS – – – – – Montana No testing † † † † † Nebraska – – – – – – Nevada ETS – – – – – New Hampshire ETS 1 57 53 93 93 New Jersey ETS – – – – – Continued Table 7b. Alternative route basic skills pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 38 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures State Assessments State Testing company Basic skills Number of programsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) New Mexico NES 6 155 154 99 96 – 100 New York NES – – – – – North Carolina ETS – – – – – North Dakota ETS – – – – – Northern Mariana Islands ETS – – – – – Ohio ETS – – – – – Oklahoma NES 1 1,425 1,425 100 100 Oregon ETS – – – – – Palau No testing † † † † † Pennsylvania Other 1 21 21 100 100 Puerto Rico Other 1 80 67 84 84 Rhode Island ETS – – – – – South Carolina ETS 1 14 8 57 57 South Dakota ETS – – – – – Tennessee ETS – – – – – Texas NES 58 9,798 9,798 100 100 Utah ETS – – – – – Vermont ETS 1 79 78 99 99 Virgin Islands ETS – – – – – Virginia ETS 1 188 185 98 98 Washington ETS – – – – – West Virginia ETS – – – – – Wisconsin ETS – – – – – Wyoming ETS – – – – – Total 185 20,476 20,230 99% 56 – 100% – Data are not available because test may not be required for certification or licensure or there may be less than 10 test takers. † Non-testing state. a Number of programs only includes programs with 10 or more completers taking an assessment in that area. b Number tested is the total number of test takers at all programs in the state, including programs with less than 10 completers. Note: The range is the range of pass rates in the programs. A range of one number indicates that there was the same pass rate at all programs in the state with 10 or more completers taking an assessment. ETS is the Educational Testing Service. NES is the National Evaluation Systems. States with “other” testing companies may use a state-developed test or a testing company other than ETS or NES. For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. The state education agency of the District of Columbia had not implemented any specific alternative route programs, but there were alternative route programs at the local education agency (district) level. Institutions in Alabama, Nebraska, Tennessee, Washington and Wisconsin require applicants to pass a basic skills test as a condition of admission to a teacher preparation program. These states are not required to submit their basic skills pass rates because they do not require the assessments for certification. Oklahoma has additional tests that are required for certification. In Michigan, institutions require passing basic skills for admission; the state requires passage before student teaching. Alternative route program entry in Massachusetts requires passing scores for Massachusetts Tests for Educator Licensure (MTEL). States are not required to provide a statewide summary of alternative route pass rates. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Table 7b. Alternative route basic skills pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 continued Tables and Figures | 39 State Assessments Tables and Figures State Testing company Professional knowledge Number of programsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) Alabama ETS – – – – – Alaska ETS – – – – – American Samoa No testing † † † † † Arizona NES – – – – – Arkansas ETS 2 319 308 97 93 – 97 California NES 43 2,642 2,577 98 90 – 100 Colorado NES 1 154 154 100 100 Connecticut ETS – – – – – Delaware ETS – – – – – District of Columbia ETS – 16 15 94 – Federated States of Micronesia No testing † † † † † Florida Other – – – – – Georgia ETS – – – – – Guam ETS – – – – – Hawaii ETS 1 15 15 100 100 Idaho Other 1 86 86 100 100 Illinois NES 11 369 357 97 88 – 100 Indiana ETS – – – – – Iowa No testing † † † † † Kansas ETS 2 43 41 95 100 Kentucky ETS 1 160 160 100 100 Louisiana ETS 16 783 782 100 98 – 100 Maine ETS – – – – – Marshall Islands No testing † † † † † Maryland ETS 4 99 85 86 75 – 100 Massachusetts NES 1 43 43 100 100 Michigan NES – – – – – Minnesota ETS – – – – – Mississippi ETS – – – – – Missouri ETS – – – – – Montana No testing † † † † † Nebraska – – – – – – Nevada ETS – – – – – New Hampshire ETS – – – – – New Jersey ETS – – – – – Continued Table 7c. Alternative route professional knowledge pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 40 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures State Assessments State Testing company Professional knowledge Number of programsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) New Mexico NES 6 151 143 95 83 – 100 New York NES 1 3,430 3,316 97 97 North Carolina ETS – – – – – North Dakota ETS – – – – – Northern Mariana Islands ETS – – – – – Ohio ETS – – – – – Oklahoma NES – – – – – Oregon ETS – – – – – Palau No testing † † † † † Pennsylvania Other 1 37 37 100 100 Puerto Rico Other 1 77 64 83 83 Rhode Island ETS – – – – – South Carolina ETS – – – – – South Dakota ETS 2 31 31 100 100 Tennessee ETS 2 140 119 85 83 – 94 Texas NES 58 9,094 8,799 97 61 – 100 Utah ETS – – – – – Vermont ETS – – – – – Virgin Islands ETS – – – – – Virginia ETS – – – – – Washington ETS – – – – – West Virginia ETS – – – – – Wisconsin ETS – – – – – Wyoming ETS – – – – – Total 154 17,689 17,132 97% 61 – 100% – Data are not available because test may not be required for certification or licensure or there may be less than 10 test takers. † Non-testing state. a Number of programs only includes programs with 10 or more completers taking an assessment in that area. b Number tested is the total number of test takers at all programs in the state, including programs with less than 10 completers. Note: The range is the range of pass rates in the programs. A range of one number indicates that there was the same pass rate at all programs in the state with 10 or more completers taking an assessment. ETS is the Educational Testing Service. NES is the National Evaluation Systems. States with “other” testing companies may use a state-developed test or a testing company other than ETS or NES. For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. The state education agency of the District of Columbia had not implemented any specific alternative route programs, but there were alternative route programs at the local education agency (district) level. Institutions in Alabama, Nebraska, Tennessee, Washington and Wisconsin require applicants to pass a basic skills test as a condition of admission to a teacher preparation program. These states are not required to submit their basic skills pass rates because they do not require the assessments for certification. Oklahoma has additional tests that are required for certification. In Michigan, institutions require passing basic skills for admission; the state requires passage before student teaching. Alternative route program entry in Massachusetts requires passing scores for Massachusetts Tests for Educator Licensure (MTEL). States are not required to provide a statewide summary of alternative route pass rates. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Table 7c. Alternative route professional knowledge pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 continued Tables and Figures | 41 State Assessments Tables and Figures State Testing company Academic content Number of programsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) Alabama ETS – – – – – Alaska ETS – – – – – American Samoa No testing † † † † † Arizona NES – – – – – Arkansas ETS 2 351 347 99 99 – 100 California NES 27 1,075 1,058 98 83 – 100 Colorado NES 1 307 307 100 100 Connecticut ETS 1 120 115 96 96 Delaware ETS 1 36 36 100 100 District of Columbia ETS 2 58 49 84 78 – 100 Federated States of Micronesia No testing † † † † † Florida Other – – – – – Georgia ETS 17 1,171 1,079 92 74 – 100 Guam ETS – – – – – Hawaii ETS – – – – – Idaho Other 1 106 79 75 75 Illinois NES 10 384 379 99 91 – 100 Indiana ETS 1 382 377 99 99 Iowa No testing † † † † † Kansas ETS 2 38 38 100 100 Kentucky ETS 3 301 301 100 100 Louisiana ETS 16 780 777 100 93 – 100 Maine ETS 1 555 555 100 100 Marshall Islands No testing † † † † † Maryland ETS 6 330 328 99 99 – 100 Massachusetts NES 2 221 221 100 100 Michigan NES 1 14 14 100 100 Minnesota ETS – – – – – Mississippi ETS – – – – – Missouri ETS 2 247 243 98 98 – 99 Montana No testing † † † † † Nebraska – – – – – – Nevada ETS – – – – – New Hampshire ETS 1 17 16 94 94 New Jersey ETS 1 2,074 1,762 85 85 Continued Table 7d. Alternative route academic content pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 42 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures State Assessments State Testing company Academic content Number of programsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) New Mexico NES 4 100 96 96 86 – 100 New York NES 1 2,952 2,667 90 90 North Carolina ETS 1 441 441 100 100 North Dakota ETS – – – – – Northern Mariana Islands ETS – – – – – Ohio ETS 1 191 191 100 100 Oklahoma NES 1 1,252 1,252 100 100 Oregon ETS – – – – – Palau No testing † † † † † Pennsylvania Other 1 16 16 100 100 Puerto Rico Other 1 31 26 84 84 Rhode Island ETS – – – – – South Carolina ETS 1 198 194 98 98 South Dakota ETS – 11 11 100 100 Tennessee ETS 2 125 110 88 85 – 100 Texas NES 52 6,671 6,531 98 78 – 100 Utah ETS – – – – – Vermont ETS 1 60 58 97 97 Virgin Islands ETS – – – – – Virginia ETS 1 250 248 99 99 Washington ETS 4 88 88 100 100 West Virginia ETS – – – – – Wisconsin ETS 4 166 166 100 100 Wyoming ETS – – – – – Total 173 21,119 20,176 96% 74 – 100% – Data are not available because test may not be required for certification or licensure or there may be less than 10 test takers. † Non-testing state. a Number of programs only includes programs with 10 or more completers taking an assessment in that area. b Number tested is the total number of test takers at all programs in the state, including programs with less than 10 completers. Note: The range is the range of pass rates in the programs. A range of one number indicates that there was the same pass rate at all programs in the state with 10 or more completers taking an assessment. ETS is the Educational Testing Service. NES is the National Evaluation Systems. States with “other” testing companies may use a state-developed test or a testing company other than ETS or NES. For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. The state education agency of the District of Columbia had not implemented any specific alternative route programs, but there were alternative route programs at the local education agency (district) level. Institutions in Alabama, Nebraska, Tennessee, Washington and Wisconsin require applicants to pass a basic skills test as a condition of admission to a teacher preparation program. These states are not required to submit their basic skills pass rates because they do not require the assessments for certification. Oklahoma has additional tests that are required for certification. In Michigan, institutions require passing basic skills for admission; the state requires passage before student teaching. Alternative route program entry in Massachusetts requires passing scores for Massachusetts Tests for Educator Licensure (MTEL). States are not required to provide a statewide summary of alternative route pass rates. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Table 7d. Alternative route academic content pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 continued Tables and Figures | 43 State Assessments Tables and Figures State Testing company Other content Number of programsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) Alabama ETS – – – – – Alaska ETS – – – – – American Samoa No testing † † † † † Arizona NES – – – – – Arkansas ETS 1 50 49 98 98 California NES 35 2,184 2,174 100 95 – 100 Colorado NES 1 40 40 100 100 Connecticut ETS 1 11 11 100 100 Delaware ETS – – – – – District of Columbia ETS – – – – – Federated States of Micronesia No testing † † † † † Florida Other – – – – – Georgia ETS 3 94 84 89 79 – 100 Guam ETS – – – – – Hawaii ETS – – – – – Idaho Other – – – – – Illinois NES 2 24 24 100 100 Indiana ETS – – – – – Iowa No testing † † † † † Kansas ETS – – – – – Kentucky ETS – – – – – Louisiana ETS – – – – – Maine ETS – – – – – Marshall Islands No testing † † † † † Maryland ETS – – – – – Massachusetts NES – – – – – Michigan NES 1 42 42 100 100 Minnesota ETS – – – – – Mississippi ETS – – – – – Missouri ETS 2 41 40 98 92 – 100 Montana No testing † † † † † Nebraska – – – – – – Nevada ETS – – – – – New Hampshire ETS – – – – – New Jersey ETS 1 18 18 100 100 Continued Table 7e. Alternative route other content pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 44 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures State Assessments State Testing company Other content Number of programsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) New Mexico NES – – – – – New York NES 1 3,749 3,534 94 94 North Carolina ETS 1 86 86 100 100 North Dakota ETS – – – – – Northern Mariana Islands ETS – – – – – Ohio ETS – – – – – Oklahoma NES 1 96 96 100 100 Oregon ETS – – – – – Palau No testing † † † † † Pennsylvania Other – – – – – Puerto Rico Other – – – – – Rhode Island ETS – – – – – South Carolina ETS – – – – – South Dakota ETS – – – – – Tennessee ETS – – – – – Texas NES 3 117 114 97 91 – 100 Utah ETS – – – – – Vermont ETS – – – – – Virgin Islands ETS – – – – – Virginia ETS – – – – – Washington ETS – – – – – West Virginia ETS – – – – – Wisconsin ETS – – – – – Wyoming ETS – – – – – Total 53 6,552 6,312 96% 79 – 100% – Data are not available because test may not be required for certification or licensure or there may be less than 10 test takers. † Non-testing state. a Number of programs only includes programs with 10 or more completers taking an assessment in that area. b Number tested is the total number of test takers at all programs in the state, including programs with less than 10 completers. Note: The range is the range of pass rates in the programs. A range of one number indicates that there was the same pass rate at all programs in the state with 10 or more completers taking an assessment. ETS is the Educational Testing Service. NES is the National Evaluation Systems. States with “other” testing companies may use a state-developed test or a testing company other than ETS or NES. For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. The state education agency of the District of Columbia had not implemented any specific alternative route programs, but there were alternative route programs at the local education agency (district) level. Institutions in Alabama, Nebraska, Tennessee, Washington and Wisconsin require applicants to pass a basic skills test as a condition of admission to a teacher preparation program. These states are not required to submit their basic skills pass rates because they do not require the assessments for certification. Oklahoma has additional tests that are required for certification. In Michigan, institutions require passing basic skills for admission; the state requires passage before student teaching. Alternative route program entry in Massachusetts requires passing scores for Massachusetts Tests for Educator Licensure (MTEL). States are not required to provide a statewide summary of alternative route pass rates. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Table 7e.  Alternative route other content pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 continued Tables and Figures | 45 State Assessments Tables and Figures State Testing company Teaching special populations Number of programsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) Alabama ETS – – – – – Alaska ETS – – – – – American Samoa No testing † † † † † Arizona NES – – – – – Arkansas ETS – – – – – California NES – – – – – Colorado NES – – – – – Connecticut ETS – – – – – Delaware ETS – – – – – District of Columbia ETS – 19 19 100 100 Federated States of Micronesia No testing † † † † † Florida Other – – – – – Georgia ETS 8 291 284 98 93 – 100 Guam ETS – – – – – Hawaii ETS 1 19 18 95 95 Idaho Other – – – – – Illinois NES – – – – – Indiana ETS – – – – – Iowa No testing † † † † † Kansas ETS – – – – – Kentucky ETS 1 343 343 100 100 Louisiana ETS – – – – – Maine ETS – – – – – Marshall Islands No testing † † † † † Maryland ETS – – – – – Massachusetts NES – – – – – Michigan NES 1 24 24 100 100 Minnesota ETS – – – – – Mississippi ETS – – – – – Missouri ETS 2 88 87 99 98 – 100 Montana No testing † † † † † Nebraska – – – – – – Nevada ETS – – – – – New Hampshire ETS – – – – – New Jersey ETS – – – – – Continued Table 7f. Alternative route teaching special populations pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 46 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures State Assessments State Testing company Teaching special populations Number of programsa Number testedb Number passing Pass rate (%) Range of pass rates (%) New Mexico NES – – – – – New York NES 1 447 379 85 85 North Carolina ETS 1 218 218 100 100 North Dakota ETS – – – – – Northern Mariana Islands ETS – – – – – Ohio ETS 1 232 232 100 100 Oklahoma NES 1 26 26 100 100 Oregon ETS – – – – – Palau No testing † † † † † Pennsylvania Other – – – – – Puerto Rico Other – – – – – Rhode Island ETS – – – – – South Carolina ETS 1 53 53 100 100 South Dakota ETS – – – – – Tennessee ETS 1 28 28 100 100 Texas NES 42 4,059 4,006 99 77 – 100 Utah ETS – – – – – Vermont ETS – – – – – Virgin Islands ETS – – – – – Virginia ETS – – – – – Washington ETS – – – – – West Virginia ETS – – – – – Wisconsin ETS – – – – – Wyoming ETS – – – – – Total 61 5,847 5,717 98% 77 – 100% – Data are not available because test may not be required for certification or licensure or there may be less than 10 test takers. † Non-testing state. a Number of programs only includes programs with 10 or more completers taking an assessment in that area. b Number tested is the total number of test takers at all programs in the state, including programs with less than 10 completers. Note: The range is the range of pass rates in the programs. A range of one number indicates that there was the same pass rate at all programs in the state with 10 or more completers taking an assessment. ETS is the Educational Testing Service. NES is the National Evaluation Systems. States with “other” testing companies may use a state-developed test or a testing company other than ETS or NES. For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. The state education agency of the District of Columbia had not implemented any specific alternative route programs, but there were alternative route programs at the local education agency (district) level. Institutions in Alabama, Nebraska, Tennessee, Washington and Wisconsin require applicants to pass a basic skills test as a condition of admission to a teacher preparation program. These states are not required to submit their basic skills pass rates because they do not require the assessments for certification. Oklahoma has additional tests that are required for certification. In Michigan, institutions require passing basic skills for admission; the state requires passage before student teaching. Alternative route program entry in Massachusetts requires passing scores for Massachusetts Tests for Educator Licensure (MTEL). States are not required to provide a statewide summary of alternative route pass rates. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Table 7f.  Alternative route teaching special populations pass rates, by state: AY 2005–06 continued Tables and Figures | 47 State Assessments Tables and Figures Table 8. Traditional route assessment summary pass rates: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 Table 9. Alternative route assessment summary pass rates: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 Academic year Summary Number of institutions Number tested Number passing Pass rate 2000–01 1,108 141,773 132,297 93% 2001–02 1,094 144,465 135,902 94% 2002–03 1,102 153,178 145,497 95% 2003–04 1,115 161,832 154,547 95% 2004–05 1,170 172,176 165,652 96% 2005–06 1,242 181,553 175,115 96% Academic year Summary Number of programs Number tested Number passing Pass rate 2000–01 70 13,283 12,481 94% 2001–02 129 20,419 19,403 95% 2002–03 158 30,445 29,049 95% 2003–04 159 35,759 34,203 96% 2004–05 179 27,162 25,656 94% 2005–06 214 31,329 29,758 95% Note: Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. See page 4 for the definition of summary pass rates. Data presented in this report for previous years may not be consistent with data published in earlier reports because states are able to revise their data. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Note: Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. See page 4 for the definition of summary pass rates. Data presented in this report for previous years may not be consistent with data published in earlier reports because states are able to revise their data. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. 48 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures State Assessments Figure 5. States requiring tests for initial teacher certification or licensure: 2007 NOTE: For purposes of this figure, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Hawaii States not requiring tests for initial certification States requiring tests for initial certification FL NM DE MD TX OK KS NE SD ND MT WY CO UT ID AZ NV WA AK CA OR KY ME NY PA MI VT NH MA RI CT VA WV OH IN IL NC TN SC AL MS AR LA MO IA MN WI NJ GA Puerto Rico American Samoa Federated States of Micronesia Guam Marshall Islands Northern Mariana Islands Palau Virgin Islands DC Tables and Figures | 49 State Assessments Tables and Figures Figure 6. Number of traditional and alternative route program completers tested: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 NOTE: Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Data presented in this report for previous years may not be consistent with data published in earlier reports because states are able to revise their data. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 Number of program completers tested Academic year 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 Alternative routes Traditional routes All program completers tested 155,056 141,773 13,283 20,419 164,884 144,465 183,623 153,178 30,445 197,591 161,832 35,759 199,338 172,176 27,162 212,882 181,553 31,329 50 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures State Assessments Figure 7. Percentage of types of tests given for teacher certification, by aggregate area: AY 2003–04 through AY 2005–06 NOTE: Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. The sum of percentages for each year may not equal 100 percent due to rounding. Data presented in this report for previous years may not be consistent with data published in earlier reports because states are able to revise their data. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. 0 20 40 60 80 Percentage of type of test Basic skills Professional knowledge Academic content Other content Teaching special populations Aggregate area  2003–04  2004–05  2005–06 11 11 10 10 12 12 12 9 9 7 7 7 58 61 65 Tables and Figures | 51 State Assessments Tables and Figures Figure 8. Trends in the number of certification tests administered to traditional route program completers, by test content area: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 NOTE: Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Data presented in this report for previous years may not be consistent with data published in earlier reports because states are able to revise their data. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Number tested 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 2005–06 2004–05 2003–04 2002–03 2001–02 2000–01 Academic year Basic skills Professional knowledge Academic content Other content Teaching special populations 52 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures State Assessments Figure 9. Trends in number of certification tests administered to alternative route program completers, by test content area: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 NOTE: Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Data presented in this report for previous years may not be consistent with data published in earlier reports because states are able to revise their data. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Number tested 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 2005–06 2004–05 2003–04 2002–03 2001–02 2000–01 Academic year Basic skills Professional knowledge Academic content Other content Teaching special populations Tables and Figures | 53 Initial Certification and Licensure Tables and Figures Table 10. Total number of teachers receiving initial certification or licensure and percentage change, by state: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 State Academic year Percentage change 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 AY 2000–01 to AY 2005–06 AY 2004–05 to AY 2005–06 Alabama 7,329 11,651 5,633 4,063 3,929 4,292 -41 9 Alaska 857 623 936 994 765 834 -3 9 American Samoa – – – – – 107 – – Arizona 9,041 11,241 11,174 11,093 11,643 7,395 -18 -36 Arkansas 1,950 1,631 2,053 1,693 911 1,531 -21 68 California 23,926 29,536 27,136 27,822 24,735 22,798 -5 -8 Colorado 5,647 4,476 5,591 3,131 3,525 3,358 -41 -5 Connecticut 3,465 3,488 3,526 3,503 3,744 3,700 7 -1 Delaware 1,125 871 922 1,041 1,136 1,358 21 20 District of Columbia 1,271 1,250 1,200 1,070 1,380 859 -32 -38 Federated States of Micronesia – – – – 27 – – – Florida 17,320 17,977 21,257 20,521 23,366 25,485 47 9 Georgia 7,760 8,055 9,759 10,217 10,619 11,287 45 6 Guam 181 174 92 109 89 136 -25 53 Hawaii 792 920 716 928 1,097 1,155 46 5 Idaho 1,216 1,829 1,850 1,875 1,820 1,513 24 -17 Illinois 8,885 9,810 11,182 11,479 9,898 9,896 11 0 Indiana 6,389 6,629 5,687 6,027 6,067 5,548 -13 -9 Iowa 4,113 3,886 4,090 4,168 3,684 3,680 -11 0 Kansas 1,736 1,846 1,867 2,406 2,723 2,387 38 -12 Kentucky 2,519 2,657 2,980 3,319 4,333 4,364 73 1 Louisiana 3,749 4,558 4,198 3,903 3,492 3,143 -16 -10 Maine 1,052 1,302 1,294 1,237 1,054 1,313 25 25 Marshall Islands – – – – 0 0 – – Maryland 4,602 4,030 4,377 3,084 4,380 4,350 -5 -1 Massachusetts 7,331 5,110 8,054 8,664 7,057 5,911 -19 -16 Michigan 6,141 8,653 7,641 8,451 8,515 8,675 41 2 Minnesota 10,433 10,322 11,348 8,758 7,911 8,001 -23 1 Mississippi 2,140 2,186 1,189 1,112 1,051 2,373 11 126 Missouri 5,505 5,919 5,326 5,059 5,958 5,113 -7 -14 Montana 1,238 1,203 1,381 1,376 1,473 1,130 -9 -23 Nebraska 2,919 2,252 2,244 1,548 1,859 2,307 -21 24 Nevada 2,019 2,723 2,664 2,122 2,380 2,996 48 26 Continued Initial Certification and Licensure 54 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures Initial Certification and Licensure Table 10. Total number of teachers receiving initial certification or licensure and percentage change, by state: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 continued – Data not available. * Data for AY 2000–01 and AY 2001–02 are incomplete for out-of-state program completers. NOTE: For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Data presented in this report for previous years may not be consistent with data published in earlier reports because states are able to revise their data. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. State Academic year Percentage change 2000–01 2001–02 2002–03 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 AY 2000–01 to AY 2005–06 AY 2004–05 to AY 2005–06 New Hampshire 1,466 1,295 1,873 1,928 1,816 1,722 17 -5 New Jersey 10,093 12,556 13,276 10,836 11,144 11,521 14 3 New Mexico 2,471 2,533 2,596 2,637 2,367 3,097 25 31 New York 25,901 28,193 32,128 28,386 15,480 29,723 15 92 North Carolina 9,333 9,452 9,679 12,356 13,621 13,047 40 -4 North Dakota 645 506 506 630 697 693 7 -1 Northern Marianas Islands – – – – – 70 – – Ohio 7,256 10,483 7,493 8,857 9,045 11,199 54 24 Oklahoma 2,942 1,765 2,091 6,069 6,846 5,154 75 -25 Oregon* 1,724 2,611 3,388 2,352 2,253 3,990 131 77 Palau – – – – – – – – Pennsylvania 11,311 12,376 12,608 12,036 12,260 15,959 41 30 Puerto Rico 3,136 3,447 3,017 3,538 3,740 4,296 37 15 Rhode Island 1,805 1,498 1,308 1,582 1,263 1,103 -39 -13 South Carolina 3,017 2,007 2,049 2,159 2,063 1,881 -38 -9 South Dakota 652 940 943 957 1,057 1,165 79 10 Tennessee 6,448 8,913 5,747 5,553 5,908 6,158 -4 4 Texas 16,601 17,920 24,726 22,715 26,393 27,993 69 6 Utah 2,139 2,193 2,830 2,582 3,204 3,311 55 3 Vermont 746 702 702 720 1,069 970 30 -9 Virgin Islands 90 39 60 24 18 20 -78 11 Virginia 10,777 11,003 9,304 10,582 10,832 10,969 2 1 Washington 4,538 5,939 4,959 4,953 5,932 5,033 11 -15 West Virginia 1,614 1,792 1,740 1,639 1,701 1,640 2 -4 Wisconsin 4,445 4,617 4,699 5,080 3,975 3,886 -13 -2 Wyoming 573 652 569 740 638 711 24 11 Total 282,374 310,240 315,658 309,684 303,943 322,306 14% 6% Tables and Figures | 55 Initial Certification and Licensure Tables and Figures Figure 10. Trend in total number of teachers receiving initial certification or licensure: AY 2000–01 through AY 2005–06 NOTE: Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Data presented in this report for previous years may not be consistent with data published in earlier reports because states are able to revise their data. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Number of teachers receiving initial certification or licensure Academic year 282,374 310,240 315,658 309,684 303,943 322,306 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 2005–06 2004–05 2003–04 2002–03 2001–02 2000–01 56 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures Initial Certification and Licensure Figure 11. Number of teachers receiving initial certification or licensure, by state: AY 2005–06 NOTE: For purposes of this figure, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Hawaii Less than 1,000 1,000 – 4,999 5,000 – 9,999 10,000 or more Data not available FL NM DE MD TX OK KS NE SD ND MT WY CO UT ID AZ NV WA AK CA OR KY ME NY PA MI VT NH MA RI CT VA WV OH IN IL NC TN SC AL MS AR LA MO IA MN WI NJ GA Puerto Rico DC American Samoa Federated States of Micronesia Guam Marshall Islands Northern Mariana Islands Palau Virgin Islands Tables and Figures | 57 Initial Certification and Licensure Tables and Figures Figure 12. Percentage of teachers certified who were trained in another state, by state: AY 2005–06 NOTE: For purposes of this figure, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Hawaii Less than 10% 10% to 20% 21% to 40% More than 40% Data not available FL NM DE MD TX OK KS NE SD ND MT WY CO UT ID AZ NV WA AK CA OR KY ME NY PA MI VT NH MA RI CT VA WV OH IN IL NC TN SC AL MS AR LA MO IA MN WI NJ GA Puerto Rico DC American Samoa Federated States of Micronesia Guam Marshall Islands Northern Mariana Islands Palau Virgin Islands 58 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures Initial Certification and Licensure Table 11. Number and characteristics of emergency licenses: 2002 through 2007 Year 2002 (N =54) 2003 (N =54) 2004 (N =54) 2005 (N =54) 2006 (N =59) 2007 (N =59) Number of licenses 121 126 122 121 132 127 Average duration (in years) 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 Average number of times renewable 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.2 Number of unlimited renewal licenses 22 15 15 12 9 10 Number of nonrenewable licenses 36 51 49 51 59 50 NOTE: Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Data presented in this report for previous years may not be consistent with data published in earlier reports because states are able to revise their data. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Tables and Figures | 59 Initial Certification and Licensure Tables and Figures State Name of license Duration (in years) Times renewable Alabama Emergency Certificate 1 0 Alaska Special Education Alternate Program Certificate 1 2 American Samoa Temporary Certificate 1 1 Arizona Emergency Substitute Certificate 1 Unlimited Emergency Teaching Certificate 1 2 Arkansas Waiver 1 2 Provisional Credential (1085) 1 0 Provisional Credential (1082) 1 0 Provisional Credential (1083) 1 0 Provisional Credential (1084) 1 0 Provisional Credential (1282) 1 2 California Credential Waiver–Variable 1 3 Individualized Intern Certificates/Special Temporary Certificate 1 4 Credential Waiver–Short Term 0.5 0 Short-term Staff Permit 1 0 Emergency Permit 1 4 Provisional Internship Permit 1 1 Colorado Authorization–Emergency 1 1 Connecticut Long-Term Substitutes 1 0 Durational Shortage Area Permit 1 2 Temporary 90-Day Certificate 0.5 1 Substitute Authorization–No BA 1 Not specified Delaware Emergency Certificate 3 0 District of Columbia Provisional License 3 0 Georgia International Exchange Certificates 3 0 Intern Certificate 2 0 Permitted Personnel 2 Unlimited Nonrenewable Certificate 5 0 Guam Emergency Certificate 1 3 Provisional 2 0 Hawaii Emergency Hire 1 3 Idaho Provisional Authorization 1 0 Continued Table 12. Types of emergency or temporary licenses issued, by state: 2007 60 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures Initial Certification and Licensure State Name of license Duration (in years) Times renewable Illinois Substitute Certificate 4 0 Part-Time Provisional Vocational Certificate 2 Not specified Provisional Vocational Certificate 2 Not specified Transitional Bilingual Certificate 6 1 Visiting International Teaching Certificate 3 0 Indiana Transition-to-Teaching (Alternate Route) Permit 3 0 Emergency Permit and Transition-to-Teaching Permit 1 2 Kansas Visiting Scholar License 1 Unlimited Kentucky Emergency Certificate 1 0 Part-time Adjunct Instructor Certificate 1 0 Probationary Certificate 1 2 Temporary Certificate 0.5 0 Limited Certificate 1 2 Conditional Certificate 1 0 Louisiana Out-of-Field Authorization to Teach 1 2 Temporary Authority to Teach 1 2 Temporary Employment Permit 1 2 Maine Conditional Certificate 1 2 Transitional 1 2 Waiver 1 2 Targeted Needs 1 2 Marshall Islands Provisional Certificate (PC) 2 1 Emergency Certificate 1 1 Temporary Certificate (TC) 5 0 Maryland Conditional Certificate 2 0 Massachusetts Waiver 1 Unlimited Michigan Annual Occupational Authorization 1 8 Section 1233b Permit 1 Not specified The Emergency Permit 1 Not specified The Full-Year Permit 1 Not specified Emergency/Temporary Special Education 1 Not specified Continued Table 12. Types of emergency or temporary licenses issued, by state: 2007 continued Tables and Figures | 61 Initial Certification and Licensure Tables and Figures State Name of license Duration (in years) Times renewable Minnesota Temporary Limited License 1 2 Non Renewable License 3 0 Non-licensed Community Experts 1 Not specified Personnel Variances 1 2 Variance: Innovative Program Waiver 1 Not specified Commissioner Exemption for LEP 1 Not specified Mississippi One Year Educator License 1 1 Missouri Temporary Authorization Certificate of License to Teach 1 3 Montana Emergency Authorization of Employment 1 0 Nebraska Provisional Commitment Teaching Certificate 1 5 Nevada Emergency Substitute Certificate Not specified 0 New Hampshire Permission to Employ 1 0 Intern License 3 0 New Jersey County Substitute Certificate 3 Unlimited Conditional Certificate to Teach a World Language 1 4 Provisional Certificate 2 2 Emergency Certificate 1 2 New Mexico Certificates of Waiver 1 2 North Carolina Provisional Licenses 1 2 Emergency Permits 1 0 Lateral Entry Licenses 3 0 North Dakota Alternate Access License 1 Not specified Northern Mariana Islands Basic I 2 0 Ohio Conditional Permit 1 0 Supplemental Teaching License 1 2 One-Year Out-of-State Educator License 1 0 Oklahoma Emergency Certificate Not specified 0 Oregon American Indian Language Teaching License 3 Unlimited Limited Teaching License 3 Unlimited Restricted Transitional License 3 0 Teaching Associate License 2 0 Alternative Route Teaching License 3 0 Initial License 1 0 Emergency Teaching License 1 0 Pennsylvania Emergency Permits 1 Not specified Continued Table 12. Types of emergency or temporary licenses issued, by state: 2007 continued 62 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures Initial Certification and Licensure State Name of license Duration (in years) Times renewable Puerto Rico Transitional Provisional Certificate (Certificado Transitorio Provisional) 1 5 Rhode Island Emergency Permit 1 Not specified South Carolina Out-of-Field Permit 1 Not specified Graded Certificate and Warrant Not specified 0 Temporary Certificate 1 0 Special Subjects Certificates 1 Not specified South Dakota One Year 1 1 Tennessee Permit 1 0 Interim B License 1 2 Waiver 1 2 Texas Temporary Classroom Assignment Permit (TCAP) 1 0 Emergency Permit 1 2 Temporary Exemption Permit 1 0 Nonrenewable Permit (NRP) 1 0 Temporary Teacher Certificate 2 0 Probationary Certificate 1 2 Utah State Approved Endorsement Program (SAEP) 2 1 Letter of Authorization to Employ 1 2 Vermont Emergency License 1 0 Virgin Islands Emergency Certification 1 5 Virginia Local Eligibility License 3 0 Washington Emergency Certificate 1 0 Conditional Certificate 2 Unlimited West Virginia Out-of-Field Authorization 1 Not specified Long-Term Substitute Waiver 1 0 First Class Permit for Full-Time Employment 1 4 Wisconsin Emergency License 1 Unlimited Permit 1 Unlimited Wyoming Exception Authorization 1 3 Note: For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. Iowa, Florida and New York do not issue emergency or temporary licenses and are not included in this table. Palau, at present, has no formal teacher certification or licensure process. [It is therefore different from other states that have a licensure process but no emergency license.] Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Table 12. Types of emergency or temporary licenses issued, by state: 2007 continued Tables and Figures | 63 Initial Certification and Licensure Tables and Figures State All districts High-poverty districts All other districts Total number of teachers Teachers on waivers Total number of teachers Teachers on waivers Total number of teachers Teachers on waivers Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Alabama 49,278 443 0. 90 11,489 157 1. 37 37,789 286 0. 76 Alaska 8,856 15 0. 17 912 1 0. 11 7,944 14 0. 18 American Samoa 849 634 74. 68 NA NA NA NA NA NA Arizona 47,682 1,613 3. 38 12,184 670 5. 50 35,498 943 2. 66 Arkansas 33,576 579 1. 72 7,325 226 3. 09 26,251 353 1. 34 California 307,864 6,602 2. 14 83,772 1,895 2. 26 224,092 4,707 2. 10 Colorado 48,458 252 0. 52 12,644 84 0. 66 35,814 168 0. 47 Connecticut 45,630 159 0. 35 16,588 88 0. 53 29,042 71 0. 24 Delaware 8,101 123 1. 52 530 4 0. 75 7,571 119 1. 57 District of Columbia 6,382 660 10. 34 1,897 285 15. 02 4,485 375 8. 36 Federated States of Micronesia – – – – – – – – – Florida 171,507 0 0. 00 36,126 0 0. 00 135,381 0 0. 00 Georgia 113,139 4,305 3. 81 13,561 625 4. 61 99,537 3,683 3. 70 Guam 1,719 232 13. 50 NA NA NA NA NA NA Hawaii 12,418 452 3. 64 NA NA NA NA NA NA Idaho 14,770 466 3. 16 1,510 75 4. 97 13,260 391 2. 95 Illinois 136,399 2,221 1. 63 48,316 1,194 2. 47 88,083 1,027 1. 17 Indiana 61,183 585 0. 96 16,230 307 1. 89 44,953 278 0. 62 Iowa 36,394 0 0. 00 11,825 0 0. 00 24,569 0 0. 00 Kansas 41,832 6 0. 01 14,330 2 0. 01 27,502 4 0. 01 Kentucky 44,789 885 1. 98 6,846 131 1. 91 37,943 754 1. 99 Louisiana 43,246 564 1. 30 5,200 96 1. 85 38,046 468 1. 23 Maine 17,743 1,189 6. 70 3,197 216 6. 76 14,546 973 6. 69 Marshall Islands 823 0 0. 00 NA NA NA NA NA NA Maryland 53,356 4,157 7. 79 7,592 1,325 17. 45 45,764 2,832 6. 19 Massachusetts 73,157 2,946 4. 03 29,990 1,410 4. 70 43,167 1,536 3. 56 Michigan 101,052 655 0. 65 22,560 465 2. 06 78,492 190 0. 24 Minnesota 49,510 1,641 3. 31 8,120 425 5. 23 41,390 1,216 2. 94 Mississippi 34,147 3,638 10. 65 12,676 1,901 15. 00 21,471 1,737 8. 09 Missouri 67,694 591 0. 87 12,496 275 2. 20 55,198 316 0. 57 Montana 10,471 109 1. 04 1,643 38 2. 31 7,225 61 0. 84 Nebraska 25,221 6 0. 02 5,342 2 0. 04 19,879 4 0. 02 Nevada 24,545 0 0. 00 903 0 0. 00 23,642 0 0. 00 Continued Table 13. Number and percentage of teachers on waivers, by state and poverty status of district: AY 2006–07 64 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures Initial Certification and Licensure State All districts High-poverty districts All other districts Total number of teachers Teachers on waivers Total number of teachers Teachers on waivers Total number of teachers Teachers on waivers Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent New Hampshire 15,410 23 0. 15 4,000 1 0. 03 11,410 22 0. 19 New Jersey 113,386 29 0. 03 33,716 3 0. 01 79,670 26 0. 03 New Mexico 23,464 87 0. 37 3,887 40 1. 03 19,577 47 0. 24 New York 221,863 0 0. 00 105,292 0 0. 00 116,571 0 0. 00 North Carolina 100,484 1,641 1. 63 10,176 262 2. 57 90,308 1,379 1. 53 North Dakota 8,264 44 0. 53 1,023 9 0. 88 7,241 35 0. 48 Northern Mariana Islands 513 87 16. 96 NA NA NA NA NA NA Ohio 107,702 244 0. 23 31,411 78 0. 25 76,291 166 0. 22 Oklahoma 58,310 0 0. 00 15,129 0 0. 00 43,181 0 0. 00 Oregon 28,771 299 1. 04 3,427 49 1. 43 25,344 250 0. 99 Palau – – – – – – – – – Pennsylvania 113,367 2,154 1. 90 35,172 383 1. 09 78,195 1,771 2. 26 Puerto Rico 44,632 2,265 5. 07 44,632 2,265 5. 07 NA NA NA Rhode Island 14,699 378 2. 57 5,204 149 2. 86 9,495 229 2. 41 South Carolina 48,682 52 0. 11 4,201 2 0. 05 44,481 50 0. 11 South Dakota 9,393 43 0. 46 1,507 10 0. 66 7,886 33 0. 42 Tennessee 63,470 271 0. 43 12,356 80 0. 65 51,114 191 0. 37 Texas 314,944 1,897 0. 60 94,392 877 0. 93 220,552 1,020 0. 46 Utah 28,789 1,090 3. 79 8,582 270 3. 15 20,207 820 4. 06 Vermont 9,235 41 0. 44 2,096 11 0. 52 6,629 30 0. 45 Virgin Islands 1,444 843 58. 38 NA NA NA NA NA NA Virginia 98,450 0 0. 00 16,133 0 0. 00 82,317 0 0. 00 Washington 58,456 114 0. 20 8,414 26 0. 31 50,042 88 0. 18 West Virginia 21,498 1,180 5. 49 3,162 267 8. 44 18,336 913 4. 98 Wisconsin 60,825 466 0. 77 16,997 277 1. 63 43,828 189 0. 43 Wyoming 6,972 150 2. 15 1,300 63 4. 85 5,672 87 1. 53 Total (all states) 3,264,814 49,126 1. 50% 868,013 17,019 1. 96% 2,376,881 29,852 1. 26% – Data not available. Note: For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. The number of teachers on waivers collected through the HEA Title II system may not agree with data from other federal data collections. For example, the U.S. Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics collects teacher data in full-time equivalencies through its Common Core of Data, while the Title II system captures a headcount. The timing of the data collections (fall versus a full-year count) can also produce vastly different teacher counts. The reader should exercise caution when comparing the Title II teacher data with other sources of teacher counts. American Samoa, Guam, Hawaii, Marshall Islands, Northern Mariana Islands and the Virgin Islands are both state education agencies and local education agencies and do not have a poverty designation. These data include teachers in independent LEA charter schools who are required to meet state certification requirements. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Table 13. Number and percentage of teachers on waivers, by state and poverty status of district: AY 2006–07 continued Tables and Figures | 65 Initial Certification and Licensure Tables and Figures Table 14. Number of teachers on waivers and percentage change, by state: AY 2003–04 through AY 2006–07 State Academic year Percentage Change 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 AY 2003–04 to AY 2006–07 AY 2005–06 to AY 2006–07 Alabama 173 311 639 443 156 -31 Alaska 99 96 23 15 -85 -35 American Samoa – – 500 634 – 27 Arizona 1,519 1,508 2,382 1,613 6 -32 Arkansas 533 244 819 579 9 -29 California 17,082 9,379 6,774 6,602 -61 -3 Colorado 1,948 539 372 252 -87 -32 Connecticut 705 721 713 159 -77 -78 Delaware 597 267 186 123 -79 -34 District of Columbia 0 397 399 660 – 65 Federated States of Micronesia – – – – – – Florida 0 0 0 0 0 0 Georgia 2,285 4,029 3,862 4,305 88 11 Guam 76 233 205 232 205 13 Hawaii 538 529 487 452 -16 -7 Idaho 561 666 663 466 -17 -30 Illinois 3,317 3,223 2,797 2,221 -33 -21 Indiana 686 606 577 585 -15 1 Iowa 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kansas 11 7 6 6 -45 0 Kentucky 1,728 727 1,030 885 -49 -14 Louisiana 5,101 3,460 627 564 -89 -10 Maine 887 1,156 1,185 1,189 34 0 Marshall Islands – – 0 0 – 0 Maryland 5,115 5,053 4,779 4,157 -19 -13 Massachusetts 1,489 1,643 2,398 2,946 98 23 Michigan 2,183 1,958 1,154 655 -70 -43 Minnesota 3,783 1,936 1,352 1,641 -57 21 Mississippi 0 1,992 1,256 3,638 – 190 Missouri 1,280 844 726 591 -54 -19 Montana 12 45 92 109 808 18 Continued 66 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures Initial Certification and Licensure Table 14. Number of teachers on waivers and percentage change, by state: AY 2003–04 through AY 2006–07 continued – Data not available. ‡ Very small nonzero change, rounds to 0 percent. NOTE: For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. The number of teachers on waivers collected through the HEA Title II system may not agree with data from other federal data collections. For example, the U.S. Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics collects teacher data in full-time equivalencies through its Common Core of Data, while the Title II system captures a headcount. The timing of the data collections (fall versus a full-year count) can also produce vastly different teacher counts. The reader should exercise caution when comparing the Title II teacher data with other sources of teacher counts. Data for AY 2005–06 and AY 2006–07 include teachers in independent LEA charter schools who are required to meet state certification requirements. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Data presented in this report for previous years may not be consistent with data published in earlier reports because states are able to revise their data. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. State Academic year Percentage Change 2003–04 2004–05 2005–06 2006–07 AY 2003–04 to AY 2006–07 AY 2005–06 to AY 2006–07 Nebraska 62 6 9 6 -90 -33 Nevada 0 0 0 0 0 0 New Hampshire 35 18 16 23 -34 44 New Jersey 2,009 1,809 1,119 29 -99 -97 New Mexico 1,003 404 171 87 -91 -49 New York 1,363 1,597 0 0 -100 0 North Carolina 6,916 5,815 4,094 1,641 -76 -60 North Dakota 164 30 33 44 -73 33 Northern Mariana Islands – – 87 87 – 0 Ohio 939 1,541 1,319 244 -74 -82 Oklahoma 20 48 0 0 -100 0 Oregon 625 1,189 1,299 299 -52 -77 Palau – – – – – – Pennsylvania 2,938 4,916 1,018 2,154 -27 112 Puerto Rico 1,607 2,979 2,061 2,265 41 10 Rhode Island 359 348 350 378 5 8 South Carolina 2,318 784 1,082 52 -98 -95 South Dakota 72 50 61 43 -40 -30 Tennessee 821 558 295 271 -67 -8 Texas 22,938 9,074 1,930 1,897 -92 -2 Utah 1,085 1,319 1,657 1,090 0 ‡ -34 Vermont 189 98 52 41 -78 -21 Virgin Islands 1,070 1,116 854 843 -21 -1 Virginia 10 9 0 0 -100 0 Washington 223 288 255 114 -49 -55 West Virginia 1,336 1,419 1,244 1,180 -12 -5 Wisconsin 0 0 0 466 – – Wyoming 12 212 166 150 1,150 -10 Total (all States) 99,822 77,196 55,175 49,126 -51% -11% Tables and Figures | 67 Initial Certification and Licensure Tables and Figures State Arts (all levels) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Alabama 3,459 18 0.52 Alaska 529 0 0.00 American Samoa 12 5 41.67 Arizona 3,523 57 1.62 Arkansas 1,027 55 5.36 California 3,971 59 1.49 Colorado 1,519 24 1.58 Connecticut 3,165 6 0.19 Delaware 404 4 0.99 District of Columbia 398 67 16.83 Federated States of Micronesia – – – Florida 7,658 0 0.00 Georgia 4,948 679 13.72 Guam 48 8 16.67 Hawaii 342 5 1.46 Idaho 612 6 0.98 Illinois 7,740 43 0.56 Indiana 4,144 55 1.33 Iowa 3,050 0 0.00 Kansas 4,969 1 0.02 Kentucky 3,880 33 0.85 Louisiana 5,743 44 0.77 Maine 1,206 59 4.89 Marshall Islands 0 0 – Maryland 4,056 261 6.43 Massachusetts 3,724 105 2.82 Michigan 5,998 13 0.22 Minnesota 3,756 102 2.72 Mississippi 2,213 153 6.91 Missouri 5,048 82 1.62 Montana 585 12 2.05 State Arts (all levels) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Nebraska 2,940 2 0.07 Nevada 964 0 0.00 New Hampshire 1,016 3 0.30 New Jersey 6,862 0 0.00 New Mexico 1,130 0 0.00 New York 13,908 0 0.00 North Carolina 6,269 40 0.64 North Dakota 43 2 4.65 Northern Mariana Islands 10 3 30.00 Ohio 6,029 7 0.12 Oklahoma 1,562 0 0.00 Oregon 1,510 29 1.92 Palau – – – Pennsylvania 7,522 65 0.86 Puerto Rico 2,019 116 5.75 Rhode Island 345 5 1.45 South Carolina 2,359 2 0.08 South Dakota 23 0 0.00 Tennessee 1,172 2 0.17 Texas 25,935 51 0.20 Utah 1,278 53 4.15 Vermont 726 3 0.41 Virgin Islands 43 26 60.47 Virginia 5,006 0 0.00 Washington – 22 – West Virginia 3,207 40 1.25 Wisconsin 6,887 20 0.29 Wyoming 534 3 0.56 Total (only states reporting totals and subject data) 187,026 2,428 1. 30% Continued Table 15. Number of teachers and number and percentage of teachers on waivers, by subject area, by state: AY 2006–07 68 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures Initial Certification and Licensure State Special education (all levels) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Alabama 4,826 137 2.84 Alaska 1,150 15 1.30 American Samoa 145 145 100.00 Arizona 5,335 477 8.94 Arkansas 4,763 299 6.28 California 28,416 3,685 12.97 Colorado 5,060 15 0.30 Connecticut 6,599 15 0.23 Delaware 1,673 56 3.35 District of Columbia 600 4 0.67 Federated States of Micronesia – – – Florida 26,662 0 0.00 Georgia 24,761 2,380 9.61 Guam 132 25 18.94 Hawaii 2,146 216 10.07 Idaho 1,280 82 6.41 Illinois 20,958 235 1.12 Indiana 7,518 238 3.17 Iowa 5,241 0 0.00 Kansas 4,627 3 0.06 Kentucky 6,866 291 4.24 Louisiana 5,611 163 2.91 Maine 2,478 420 16.95 Marshall Islands 112 0 0.00 Maryland 6,007 970 16.15 Massachusetts 10,606 1,367 12.89 Michigan 13,359 391 2.93 Minnesota 9,722 510 5.25 Mississippi 1,430 130 9.09 Missouri 10,596 132 1.25 Montana 851 10 1.18 State Special education (all levels) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Nebraska 4,614 1 0.02 Nevada 3,068 0 0.00 New Hampshire 2,276 2 0.09 New Jersey 18,771 3 0.02 New Mexico 4,358 0 0.00 New York 12,102 0 0.00 North Carolina 19,037 224 1.18 North Dakota 435 0 0.00 Northern Mariana Islands 27 2 7.41 Ohio 13,029 25 0.19 Oklahoma 2,756 0 0.00 Oregon 2,680 21 0.78 Palau – – – Pennsylvania 15,382 982 6.38 Puerto Rico 4,907 440 8.97 Rhode Island 2,223 123 5.53 South Carolina 4,980 2 0.04 South Dakota 139 4 2.88 Tennessee 7,534 55 0.73 Texas 37,076 126 0.34 Utah 3,237 200 6.18 Vermont 1,331 10 0.75 Virgin Islands 164 82 50.00 Virginia 14,312 0 0.00 Washington – 22 – West Virginia 2,579 231 8.96 Wisconsin 9,483 286 3.02 Wyoming 818 37 4.52 Total (only states reporting totals and subject data) 406,848 15,267 3. 75% Continued Table 15. Number of teachers and number and percentage of teachers on waivers, by subject area, by state: AY 2006–07 continued Tables and Figures | 69 Initial Certification and Licensure Tables and Figures State Bilingual and ESL (all levels) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Alabama 127 2 1.57 Alaska 103 0 0.00 American Samoa 450 – – Arizona 641 15 2.34 Arkansas 196 25 12.76 California 181,006 1,724 0.95 Colorado 880 8 0.91 Connecticut 860 26 3.02 Delaware 33 1 3.03 District of Columbia 188 4 2.13 Federated States of Micronesia – – – Florida 1,625 0 0.00 Georgia 1,798 27 1.50 Guam 224 38 16.96 Hawaii 85 6 7.06 Idaho 402 20 4.98 Illinois 2,238 594 26.54 Indiana 248 12 4.84 Iowa 91 0 0.00 Kansas 541 0 0.00 Kentucky 266 35 13.16 Louisiana 101 0 0.00 Maine 115 11 9.57 Marshall Islands 823 0 0.00 Maryland 552 66 11.96 Massachusetts 1,212 171 14.11 Michigan 608 43 7.07 Minnesota 1,319 103 7.81 Mississippi 45 4 8.89 Missouri 395 8 2.03 Montana 3 0 0.00 State Bilingual and ESL (all levels) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Nebraska 867 0 0.00 Nevada 963 0 0.00 New Hampshire 134 0 0.00 New Jersey 2,396 0 0.00 New Mexico 2,420 86 3.55 New York 6,147 0 0.00 North Carolina 1,989 35 1.76 North Dakota 0 0 – Northern Mariana Islands 2 1 50.00 Ohio 178 2 1.12 Oklahoma 186 0 0.00 Oregon 1,971 45 2.28 Palau – – – Pennsylvania 1,281 197 15.38 Puerto Rico 4 3 75.00 Rhode Island 62 18 29.03 South Carolina 423 0 0.00 South Dakota 0 0 – Tennessee 152 1 0.66 Texas 27,806 867 3.12 Utah 342 15 4.39 Vermont 56 1 1.79 Virgin Islands 31 21 67.74 Virginia 1,615 0 0.00 Washington – 11 – West Virginia 15 4 26.67 Wisconsin 1,419 68 4.79 Wyoming 42 11 26.19 Total (only states reporting totals and subject data) 247,226 4,318 1. 75% Continued Table 15. Number of teachers and number and percentage of teachers on waivers, by subject area, by state: AY 2006–07 continued 70 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures Initial Certification and Licensure State English (secondary) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Alabama 3,173 20 0.63 Alaska 937 0 0.00 American Samoa 34 – – Arizona 3,761 100 2.66 Arkansas 1,678 30 1.79 California 26,356 594 2.25 Colorado 4,589 24 0.52 Connecticut 3,539 19 0.54 Delaware 538 5 0.93 District of Columbia 641 50 7.80 Federated States of Micronesia – – – Florida 14,638 0 0.00 Georgia 4,430 208 4.70 Guam 177 22 12.43 Hawaii 808 29 3.59 Idaho 999 32 3.20 Illinois 6,221 51 0.82 Indiana 6,043 26 0.43 Iowa 2,589 0 0.00 Kansas 4,457 0 0.00 Kentucky 3,139 68 2.17 Louisiana 5,161 56 1.09 Maine 1,902 63 3.31 Marshall Islands 32 0 0.00 Maryland 3,894 427 10.97 Massachusetts 3,526 115 3.26 Michigan 6,982 24 0.34 Minnesota 3,654 172 4.71 Mississippi – – – Missouri 5,342 35 0.66 Montana 536 9 1.68 State English (secondary) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Nebraska 2,128 0 0.00 Nevada 1,539 0 0.00 New Hampshire 1,041 4 0.38 New Jersey 7,638 0 0.00 New Mexico 1,615 0 0.00 New York 15,997 0 0.00 North Carolina 6,053 54 0.89 North Dakota 280 3 1.07 Northern Mariana Islands 42 16 38.10 Ohio 13,660 18 0.13 Oklahoma 1,680 0 0.00 Oregon 2,410 23 0.95 Palau – – – Pennsylvania 9,344 136 1.46 Puerto Rico 2,216 214 9.66 Rhode Island 932 7 0.75 South Carolina 2,414 2 0.08 South Dakota 83 1 1.20 Tennessee 2,548 6 0.24 Texas 35,075 41 0.12 Utah 2,091 110 5.26 Vermont 471 3 0.64 Virgin Islands 97 62 63.92 Virginia 5,958 0 0.00 Washington – 2 – West Virginia 2,338 58 2.48 Wisconsin 4,684 10 0.21 Wyoming 640 4 0.63 Total (only states reporting totals and subject data) 242,716 2,951 1. 22% Continued Table 15. Number of teachers and number and percentage of teachers on waivers, by subject area, by state: AY 2006–07 continued Tables and Figures | 71 Initial Certification and Licensure Tables and Figures State Reading or language arts (elementary) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Alabama 18,757 37 0.20 Alaska 98 0 0.00 American Samoa 450 – – Arizona – – – Arkansas 2,627 8 0.30 California 135,102 1,303 0.96 Colorado 30,423 42 0.14 Connecticut 1,386 7 0.51 Delaware 2,679 7 0.26 District of Columbia 1,718 286 16.65 Federated States of Micronesia – – – Florida 62,925 0 0.00 Georgia 3,175 8 0.25 Guam 702 66 9.40 Hawaii 22 17 77.27 Idaho 152 10 6.58 Illinois 5,266 111 2.11 Indiana 22,266 0 0.00 Iowa 1,874 0 0.00 Kansas 12,709 0 0.00 Kentucky 3,773 8 0.21 Louisiana 10,402 73 0.70 Maine 5,707 137 2.40 Marshall Islands 714 0 0.00 Maryland 20,042 707 3.53 Massachusetts 1,216 244 20.07 Michigan 4,641 6 0.13 Minnesota 1,500 23 1.53 Mississippi – – – Missouri 25,102 123 0.49 Montana 63 1 1.59 State Reading or language arts (elementary) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Nebraska 10,035 0 0.00 Nevada 2,677 0 0.00 New Hampshire 6,034 4 0.07 New Jersey 40,780 0 0.00 New Mexico 9,138 0 0.00 New York 6,307 0 0.00 North Carolina 6,253 35 0.56 North Dakota 0 0 – Northern Mariana Islands 1 0 0.00 Ohio 29,159 6 0.02 Oklahoma 2,832 0 0.00 Oregon 0 0 – Palau – – – Pennsylvania 43,395 56 0.13 Puerto Rico 2,845 372 13.08 Rhode Island 383 1 0.26 South Carolina 17,008 3 0.02 South Dakota 177 1 0.56 Tennessee 7,982 12 0.15 Texas 27,824 1 0.00 Utah 138 4 2.90 Vermont 2,885 4 0.14 Virgin Islands 50 16 32.00 Virginia 29,594 0 0.00 Washington – 0 – West Virginia 4,038 78 1.93 Wisconsin 21,452 34 0.16 Wyoming 215 1 0.47 Total (only states reporting totals and subject data) 646,243 3,852 0. 60% Continued Table 15. Number of teachers and number and percentage of teachers on waivers, by subject area, by state: AY 2006–07 continued 72 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures Initial Certification and Licensure State Mathematics (secondary) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Alabama 3,068 36 1.17 Alaska 1,026 0 0.00 American Samoa 33 10 30.30 Arizona 3,228 142 4.40 Arkansas 1,248 57 4.57 California 19,486 740 3.80 Colorado 3,305 41 1.24 Connecticut 3,060 24 0.78 Delaware 540 5 0.93 District of Columbia 556 76 13.67 Federated States of Micronesia – – – Florida 10,587 0 0.00 Georgia 4,471 214 4.79 Guam 118 17 14.41 Hawaii 566 61 10.78 Idaho 828 43 5.19 Illinois 8,212 38 0.46 Indiana 4,223 45 1.07 Iowa 2,154 0 0.00 Kansas 3,107 0 0.00 Kentucky 5,477 86 1.57 Louisiana 3,771 72 1.91 Maine 1,283 88 6.86 Marshall Islands 24 0 0.00 Maryland 2,856 448 15.69 Massachusetts 3,130 246 7.86 Michigan 8,276 22 0.27 Minnesota 3,368 230 6.83 Mississippi 12,570 211 1.68 Missouri 4,814 44 0.91 Montana 510 7 1.37 State Mathematics (secondary) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Nebraska 1,428 1 0.07 Nevada 1,889 0 0.00 New Hampshire 913 1 0.11 New Jersey 8,678 0 0.00 New Mexico 1,231 0 0.00 New York 13,779 0 0.00 North Carolina 4,335 15 0.35 North Dakota 232 3 1.29 Northern Mariana Islands 44 8 18.18 Ohio 12,057 18 0.15 Oklahoma 2,149 0 0.00 Oregon 2,320 25 1.08 Palau – – – Pennsylvania 7,769 223 2.87 Puerto Rico 2,258 123 5.45 Rhode Island 784 85 10.84 South Carolina 1,871 2 0.11 South Dakota 173 1 0.58 Tennessee 2,614 26 0.99 Texas 23,753 74 0.31 Utah 1,545 100 6.47 Vermont 423 5 1.18 Virgin Islands 106 80 75.47 Virginia 5,621 0 0.00 Washington – 12 – West Virginia 2,148 44 2.05 Wisconsin 4,023 18 0.45 Wyoming 482 8 1.66 Total (only states reporting totals and subject data) 218,520 3,863 1. 77% Continued Table 15. Number of teachers and number and percentage of teachers on waivers, by subject area, by state: AY 2006–07 continued Tables and Figures | 73 Initial Certification and Licensure Tables and Figures State Science (secondary) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Alabama 2,996 26 0.87 Alaska 849 0 0.00 American Samoa 29 3 10.34 Arizona 2,601 90 3.46 Arkansas 1,745 82 4.70 California 15,099 552 3.66 Colorado 2,954 20 0.68 Connecticut 3,013 12 0.40 Delaware 445 16 3.60 District of Columbia 342 29 8.48 Federated States of Micronesia – – – Florida 9,379 0 0.00 Georgia 4,120 282 6.84 Guam 108 24 22.22 Hawaii 614 42 6.84 Idaho 774 41 5.30 Illinois 7,446 38 0.51 Indiana 3,697 72 1.95 Iowa 1,983 0 0.00 Kansas 3,169 0 0.00 Kentucky 4,366 147 3.37 Louisiana 3,196 55 1.72 Maine 1,150 111 9.65 Marshall Islands 13 0 0.00 Maryland 2,888 337 11.67 Massachusetts 2,800 184 6.57 Michigan 7,810 21 0.27 Minnesota 3,186 327 10.26 Mississippi 10,805 272 2.52 Missouri 3,987 38 0.95 Montana 373 18 4.83 State Science (secondary) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Nebraska 1,233 2 0.16 Nevada 1,939 0 0.00 New Hampshire 878 3 0.34 New Jersey 6,220 0 0.00 New Mexico 993 0 0.00 New York 14,135 0 0.00 North Carolina 4,331 31 0.72 North Dakota 215 12 5.58 Northern Mariana Islands 30 5 16.67 Ohio 10,339 23 0.22 Oklahoma 2,654 0 0.00 Oregon 1,704 29 1.70 Palau – – – Pennsylvania 7,034 177 2.52 Puerto Rico 2,008 54 2.69 Rhode Island 660 32 4.85 South Carolina 1,894 3 0.16 South Dakota 64 0 0.00 Tennessee 2,681 17 0.63 Texas 19,635 54 0.28 Utah 1,485 165 11.11 Vermont 361 0 0.00 Virgin Islands 78 57 73.08 Virginia 5,000 0 0.00 Washington – 6 – West Virginia 1,758 69 3.92 Wisconsin 4,558 20 0.44 Wyoming 442 13 2.94 Total (only states reporting totals and subject data) 194,266 3,605 1. 86% Continued Table 15. Number of teachers and number and percentage of teachers on waivers, by subject area, by state: AY 2006–07 continued 74 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures Initial Certification and Licensure State Foreign language (secondary) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Alabama 1,100 13 1.18 Alaska 218 0 0.00 American Samoa – – – Arizona 967 47 4.86 Arkansas 544 21 3.86 California 5,599 155 2.77 Colorado 1,444 42 2.91 Connecticut 1,926 15 0.78 Delaware 192 4 2.08 District of Columbia 173 9 5.20 Federated States of Micronesia – – – Florida 4,395 0 0.00 Georgia 1,615 95 5.88 Guam 14 4 28.57 Hawaii 152 7 4.61 Idaho 293 15 5.12 Illinois 3,241 53 1.64 Indiana 1,415 66 4.66 Iowa 855 0 0.00 Kansas 916 2 0.22 Kentucky 824 49 5.95 Louisiana 957 20 2.09 Maine 748 96 12.83 Marshall Islands 0 0 – Maryland 1,471 208 14.14 Massachusetts 15,120 132 0.87 Michigan 2,609 20 0.77 Minnesota 1,376 115 8.36 Mississippi 448 68 15.18 Missouri 1,445 31 2.15 Montana 165 7 4.24 State Foreign language (secondary) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Nebraska 727 0 0.00 Nevada 385 0 0.00 New Hampshire 557 1 0.18 New Jersey 4,731 26 0.55 New Mexico 421 1 0.24 New York 7,084 0 0.00 North Carolina 2,991 15 0.50 North Dakota 79 6 7.59 Northern Mariana Islands 5 0 0.00 Ohio 2,982 15 0.50 Oklahoma 1,185 0 0.00 Oregon 956 60 6.28 Palau – – – Pennsylvania 3,419 198 5.79 Puerto Rico 5 3 60.00 Rhode Island 423 19 4.49 South Carolina 639 0 0.00 South Dakota 29 0 0.00 Tennessee 973 10 1.03 Texas 9,293 49 0.53 Utah 720 24 3.33 Vermont 317 4 1.26 Virgin Islands 35 16 45.71 Virginia 2,494 0 0.00 Washington – 22 – West Virginia 512 42 8.20 Wisconsin 2,095 18 0.86 Wyoming 167 2 1.20 Total (only states reporting totals and subject data) 93,446 1,803 1. 93% Continued Table 15. Number of teachers and number and percentage of teachers on waivers, by subject area, by state: AY 2006–07 continued Tables and Figures | 75 Initial Certification and Licensure Tables and Figures State Civics and government (secondary) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Alabama 688 2 0.29 Alaska 163 0 0.00 American Samoa – – – Arizona – – – Arkansas – – – California – – – Colorado 0 0 – Connecticut – – – Delaware – – – District of Columbia 113 12 10.62 Federated States of Micronesia – – – Florida – – – Georgia 0 0 – Guam 0 0 – Hawaii 0 0 – Idaho 265 2 0.75 Illinois 562 0 0.00 Indiana 2,079 13 0.63 Iowa 1,315 0 0.00 Kansas 467 0 0.00 Kentucky – – – Louisiana 664 8 1.20 Maine – – – Marshall Islands 0 0 – Maryland 0 0 – Massachusetts 109 9 8.26 Michigan 731 2 0.27 Minnesota 804 57 7.09 Mississippi – – – Missouri 1,022 4 0.39 Montana 69 0 0.00 State Civics and government (secondary) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Nebraska 93 0 0.00 Nevada 734 0 0.00 New Hampshire 0 0 – New Jersey 0 0 – New Mexico 328 0 0.00 New York – 0 – North Carolina 96 1 1.04 North Dakota – – – Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 – Ohio 2,427 166 6.84 Oklahoma 1,627 0 0.00 Oregon 0 0 – Palau – – – Pennsylvania 127 0 0.00 Puerto Rico – – – Rhode Island 468 0 0.00 South Carolina 32 0 0.00 South Dakota 38 1 2.63 Tennessee 571 1 0.18 Texas 2,951 0 0.00 Utah 389 5 1.29 Vermont – – – Virgin Islands 0 0 – Virginia 1,239 0 0.00 Washington – 0 – West Virginia 270 7 2.59 Wisconsin 2,333 3 0.13 Wyoming 47 4 8.51 Total (only states reporting totals and subject data) 22,821 297 1. 30% Continued Table 15. Number of teachers and number and percentage of teachers on waivers, by subject area, by state: AY 2006–07 continued 76 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures Initial Certification and Licensure State Economics (secondary) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Alabama 147 1 0.68 Alaska 68 0 0.00 American Samoa – – – Arizona – – – Arkansas – – – California – – – Colorado 0 0 – Connecticut – – – Delaware – – – District of Columbia 5 0 0.00 Federated States of Micronesia – – – Florida – – – Georgia 0 0 – Guam 0 0 – Hawaii 0 0 – Idaho 125 4 3.20 Illinois 337 1 0.30 Indiana 206 5 2.43 Iowa 271 0 0.00 Kansas 107 0 0.00 Kentucky – – – Louisiana 624 11 1.76 Maine – – – Marshall Islands 0 0 – Maryland 12 4 33.33 Massachusetts 37 0 0.00 Michigan 441 0 0.00 Minnesota 402 31 7.71 Mississippi – – – Missouri 221 2 0.90 Montana 2 1 50.00 State Economics (secondary) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Nebraska 27 0 0.00 Nevada 23 0 0.00 New Hampshire 0 0 – New Jersey 0 0 – New Mexico 195 0 0.00 New York – 0 – North Carolina 45 0 0.00 North Dakota – – – Northern Mariana Islands 1 1 100.00 Ohio 711 1 0.14 Oklahoma 1,204 0 0.00 Oregon 0 0 – Palau – – – Pennsylvania 80 0 0.00 Puerto Rico – – – Rhode Island 76 0 0.00 South Carolina 38 0 0.00 South Dakota 13 0 0.00 Tennessee 445 3 0.67 Texas 2,057 0 0.00 Utah 6 0 0.00 Vermont – – – Virgin Islands 0 0 – Virginia 634 0 0.00 Washington – 0 – West Virginia 94 7 7.45 Wisconsin 148 0 0.00 Wyoming 14 4 28.57 Total (only states reporting totals and subject data) 8,816 76 0. 86% Continued Table 15. Number of teachers and number and percentage of teachers on waivers, by subject area, by state: AY 2006–07 continued Tables and Figures | 77 Initial Certification and Licensure Tables and Figures State History (secondary) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Alabama 2,078 14 0.67 Alaska 426 0 0.00 American Samoa 36 3 8.33 Arizona – – – Arkansas – – – California – – – Colorado 0 0 – Connecticut 2,826 2 0.07 Delaware – – – District of Columbia 200 11 5.50 Federated States of Micronesia – – – Florida – – – Georgia 0 0 – Guam 0 0 – Hawaii 0 0 – Idaho 608 4 0.66 Illinois 3,200 13 0.41 Indiana 933 10 1.07 Iowa 967 0 0.00 Kansas 2,260 0 0.00 Kentucky – – – Louisiana 912 14 1.54 Maine – – – Marshall Islands 0 0 – Maryland 770 48 6.23 Massachusetts 1,493 66 4.42 Michigan 2,665 0 0.00 Minnesota 1,952 105 5.38 Mississippi – – – Missouri 2,228 5 0.22 Montana 239 3 1.26 State History (secondary) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Nebraska 718 0 0.00 Nevada 604 0 0.00 New Hampshire 0 0 – New Jersey 5,765 0 0.00 New Mexico 1,319 0 0.00 New York 0 – North Carolina 1,085 8 0.74 North Dakota 221 2 0.90 Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 – Ohio 5,664 6 0.11 Oklahoma 2,033 0 0.00 Oregon 0 0 – Palau – – – Pennsylvania 412 0 0.00 Puerto Rico – – – Rhode Island 54 0 0.00 South Carolina 339 0 0.00 South Dakota 57 1 1.75 Tennessee 1,442 1 0.07 Texas 15,414 20 0.13 Utah 1,222 45 3.68 Vermont – – – Virgin Islands 72 53 73.61 Virginia 3,464 0 0.00 Washington – 0 – West Virginia 1,513 7 0.46 Wisconsin 1,594 1 0.06 Wyoming 343 3 0.87 Total (only states reporting totals and subject data) 67,128 445 0. 66% Continued Table 15. Number of teachers and number and percentage of teachers on waivers, by subject area, by state: AY 2006–07 continued 78 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures Initial Certification and Licensure State Geography (secondary) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Alabama 496 0 0.00 Alaska 77 0 0.00 American Samoa – – – Arizona – – – Arkansas – – – California – – – Colorado 0 0 – Connecticut – – – Delaware – – – District of Columbia 147 0 0.00 Federated States of Micronesia – – – Florida – – – Georgia 0 0 – Guam 0 0 – Hawaii 0 0 – Idaho 131 2 1.53 Illinois 608 3 0.49 Indiana 237 1 0.42 Iowa 228 0 0.00 Kansas 192 0 0.00 Kentucky – – – Louisiana 738 10 1.36 Maine – – – Marshall Islands 0 0 – Maryland 73 1 1.37 Massachusetts 3 0 0.00 Michigan 452 0 0.00 Minnesota 945 40 4.23 Mississippi – – – Missouri 543 3 0.55 Montana 34 5 14.71 State Geography (secondary) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Nebraska 99 0 0.00 Nevada 154 0 0.00 New Hampshire 0 0 – New Jersey 0 0 – New Mexico 631 0 0.00 New York – 0 – North Carolina 0 0 – North Dakota – – – Northern Mariana Islands 0 0 – Ohio 312 0 0.00 Oklahoma 1,334 0 0.00 Oregon 0 0 – Palau – – – Pennsylvania 26 0 0.00 Puerto Rico – – – Rhode Island 82 0 0.00 South Carolina 18 0 0.00 South Dakota 42 1 2.38 Tennessee 638 2 0.31 Texas 5,016 4 0.08 Utah 334 40 11.98 Vermont – – – Virgin Islands 2 1 50.00 Virginia 254 0 0.00 Washington – 0 – West Virginia 548 7 1.28 Wisconsin 179 0 0.00 Wyoming 96 3 3.13 Total (only states reporting totals and subject data) 14,669 123 0. 84% Continued Table 15. Number of teachers and number and percentage of teachers on waivers, by subject area, by state: AY 2006–07 continued Tables and Figures | 79 Initial Certification and Licensure Tables and Figures State Career and technical education (secondary) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Alabama 3,120 70 2.24 Alaska 580 0 0.00 American Samoa – – – Arizona 849 0 0.00 Arkansas 2,058 11 0.53 California 3,968 54 1.36 Colorado 636 18 2.83 Connecticut 1,106 4 0.36 Delaware 484 14 2.89 District of Columbia 50 11 22.00 Federated States of Micronesia – – – Florida 7,804 0 0.00 Georgia 1,495 80 5.35 Guam 70 9 12.86 Hawaii 522 30 5.75 Idaho 311 13 4.18 Illinois 3,854 491 12.74 Indiana 738 19 2.57 Iowa 1,064 0 0.00 Kansas 2,033 0 0.00 Kentucky 4,243 39 0.92 Louisiana 2,337 30 1.28 Maine 826 106 12.83 Marshall Islands 24 0 0.00 Maryland 2,155 291 13.50 Massachusetts 1,946 0 0.00 Michigan 2,181 1,057 48.46 Minnesota 1,174 83 7.07 Mississippi 349 9 2.58 Missouri 4,732 40 0.85 Montana 573 13 2.27 State Career and technical education (secondary) # Teachers in subject area Teachers on waivers Number Percentage Nebraska 608 0 0.00 Nevada 1,213 0 0.00 New Hampshire 177 2 1.13 New Jersey 1,085 0 0.00 New Mexico 1,015 0 0.00 New York 4,262 0 0.00 North Carolina 7,755 516 6.65 North Dakota 52 12 23.08 Northern Mariana Islands 26 3 11.54 Ohio 5,769 56 0.97 Oklahoma 1,354 0 0.00 Oregon 1,325 38 2.87 Palau – – – Pennsylvania 5,675 66 1.16 Puerto Rico 2,335 462 19.79 Rhode Island 117 11 9.40 South Carolina 1,368 6 0.44 South Dakota 85 0 0.00 Tennessee 1,566 8 0.51 Texas 15,416 153 0.99 Utah 2,237 230 10.28 Vermont 184 0 0.00 Virgin Islands 83 53 63.86 Virginia 4,765 0 0.00 Washington – 4 – West Virginia 2,287 120 5.25 Wisconsin 4,229 0 0.00 Wyoming 494 4 0.81 Total (only states reporting totals and subject data) 116,764 4,232 3. 62% Table 15. Number of teachers and number and percentage of teachers on waivers, by subject area, by state: AY 2006–07 continued – Data not available. Note: For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. States can report waiver data for subject areas other than those included in this table. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. ESL is English as a Second Language. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. 80 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures Initial Certification and Licensure Figure 13. Percentage of teachers on waivers by poverty status of district: AY 2003–04 through AY 2006–07 NOTE: Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. See page 6, footnote 12 for the definition of “high-poverty districts.” Data presented in this report for previous years may not be consistent with data published in earlier reports because states are able to revise their data. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. 0 1 2 3 4 5 Percentage of teachers on waivers All All others District type  2003–04  2004–05  2005–06  2006–07 High poverty 3.1 2.4 1.7 1.5 4.5 3.4 2.3 2.0 2.1 1.4 1.3 2.8 Tables and Figures | 81 Initial Certification and Licensure Tables and Figures Figure 14. Percentage of teachers on waivers by subject area: AY 2005–06 and AY 2006–07 NOTE: Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. ESL is English as a Second Language. Data pre- sented in this report for previous years may not be consistent with data published in earlier reports because states are able to revise their data. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. 0 1 2 3 4 Science Mathematics History Geography Career and technical education Civics and government English Economics Foreign language Reading or language arts Special education Bilingual and ESL Arts 2005–06 2006–07 Percentage of teachers on waivers Subject area 1.3 1.3 3.8 3.8 2.2 2.2 2.9 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.8 3.8 3.6 0.7 0.9 0.7 82 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality This page intentionally left blank. Tables and Figures | 83 State Standards and Evaluation of Teacher Preparation Programs Tables and Figures Note: For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Data presented in this report for previous years may not be consistent with data published in earlier reports because states are able to revise their data. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Table 16. Summary of state policies on and status of teacher standards: 2002 through 2007 Policies or standards  Number of states responding “yes” 2002 (N =54) 2003 (N =54) 2004 (N =54) 2005 (N =54) 2006 (N =59) 2007 (N =59) Has the state established content standards for K–12 students? 53 53 53 53 56 57 Has the state developed standards that prospective teachers must meet in order to attain initial teacher certification or licensure? 47 49 49 50 53 54 Are plans currently being formulated to link, align or coordinate teacher certification or licensure standards with state content standards for students? 40 40 40 40 43 44 Have one or more linkage, alignment or coordination committees or working groups met, but not yet produced a report or a set of recommendations? 18 19 19 18 20 22 Has a report or set of recommendations been developed to address linkage, alignment or coordination between teacher certification or licensure requirements and state content standards for students? 36 38 37 37 39 39 Has the state established a policy that links, aligns or coordinates teacher certification or licensure requirements with state content standards for students? 41 40 44 44 45 45 Has a date been set by which the recommendation will be implemented? 41 39 42 41 37 34 Has an implementation group been established? 33 32 37 37 35 35 Are other steps being taken to develop or implement standards and align teacher preparation, certification or licensure standards with content standards? 39 40 41 41 41 43 State Standards and Evaluation of Teacher Preparation Programs 84 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures State Standards and Evaluation of Teacher Preparation Programs Table 17. Number of states that have set teacher standards in specific fields, by grade level: 2007 Field Grade level and number of states K–12 Grades K–3 Grades 4–6 Middle grades Secondary grades Total across all fields 56 40 10 34 41 Arts 45 2 2 1 3 Bilingual education, ESL 43 4 4 2 2 Early childhood education 7 36 0 0 0 English or language arts 27 2 3 17 23 Languages other than English 44 2 2 4 7 Mathematics 27 3 4 16 22 Science 27 3 4 16 22 Social studies 27 2 3 16 22 Special education 44 6 4 3 4 Technology in teaching 36 1 1 3 6 Career and technical education 10 0 0 13 36 NOTE: For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. ESL is English as a Second Language. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Tables and Figures | 85 State Standards and Evaluation of Teacher Preparation Programs Tables and Figures Figure 15. Number of teaching certificates and licenses by type of requirement: 2007 NOTE: Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Number of certificates and licenses Subject area bachelor’s- elementary level Subject area bachelor’s- secondary level Pedagogy courses Minimum grade point average Practicum or student teaching Assessments Requirement 0 20 40 60 80 100 18 93 93 44 88 54 86 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures State Standards and Evaluation of Teacher Preparation Programs Figure 16. States requiring content-specific bachelor’s degrees for initial certification at the elementary level: 2007 NOTE: For purposes of this figure, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Hawaii Content-specific degree standard in place for all initial certificates at the elementary level Content-specific degree standard in place for at least one initial certificate at the elementary level No uniform content- specific degree standard at the elementary level No initial certificate reported FL NM DE MD TX OK KS NE SD ND MT WY CO UT ID AZ NV WA AK CA OR KY ME NY PA MI VT NH MA RI CT VA WV OH IN IL NC TN SC AL MS AR LA MO IA MN WI NJ GA Puerto Rico DC American Samoa Federated States of Micronesia Guam Marshall Islands Northern Mariana Islands Palau Virgin Islands Tables and Figures | 87 State Standards and Evaluation of Teacher Preparation Programs Tables and Figures Figure 17. States requiring content-specific bachelor’s degrees for initial certification at the secondary level: 2007 NOTE: For purposes of this figure, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. Hawaii Content-specific degree standard in place for all initial certificates at the secondary level Content-specific degree standard in place for at least one initial certificate at the secondary level No uniform content- specific degree standard at the secondary level No initial certificate reported FL NM DE MD TX OK KS NE SD ND MT WY CO UT ID AZ NV WA AK CA OR KY ME NY PA MI VT NH MA RI CT VA WV OH IN IL NC TN SC AL MS AR LA MO IA MN WI NJ GA Puerto Rico DC American Samoa Federated States of Micronesia Guam Marshall Islands Northern Mariana Islands Palau Virgin Islands 88 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures State Standards and Evaluation of Teacher Preparation Programs Figure 18. Number of states with criteria for assessing the performance of teacher preparation programs: 2002 through 2007 NOTE: Each state sets its own criteria for assessing teacher preparation programs. States may include proposed, but not yet imple- mented, criteria. “Other indicators of teachers’ knowledge and skills” may include course work requirements, performance evaluations, minimum grade point average requirements, sample lesson plans or research projects. “Other criteria” may include employer satisfac- tion surveys, teacher rehire or retention rates, teacher portfolios, teacher surveys or quality of field experiences. For purposes of this fig- ure, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Data presented in this report for previous years may not be consistent with data published in earlier reports because states are able to revise their data. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. 0 20 40 60 Number of states States with criteria that include pass rates on teacher assessements States with other criteria Criteria  2002  2003  2004  2005  2006  2007 States with criteria that include other indicators of teachers' knowledge and skills 25 31 31 33 34 35 35 46 49 51 53 53 53 22 26 28 28 29 Tables and Figures | 89 State Standards and Evaluation of Teacher Preparation Programs Tables and Figures Table 18. At-risk and low-performing institutions, by state: 2007 State Institution name Program name Program type Date designated Connecticut Albertus Magnus College AAP Reading Specialist Alternate Route Low Performing 9/5/07 Albertus Magnus College Undergraduate Initial Preparation Programs Low Performing 9/5/07 Connecticut College Undergraduate and Graduate Initial Teacher Preparation Programs Low Performing 9/6/06 Florida St. Thomas University Elementary Education (grades K–6) Low Performing 3/19/06 Georgia Georgia Southwestern State University All preparation programs At Risk 9/5/06 Illinois Trinity Christian College Educational Unit At Risk 10/16/06 Kansas Bethany College Department of Education Low Performing 3/14/06 Haskell Indian Nations University School of Education Low Performing 7/8/04 Tabor College Department of Education At Risk 6/13/06 Kentucky Alice Lloyd College Entire program Low Performing 5/15/06 Kentucky Wesleyan College Entire program At Risk 9/25/06 Union College Entire program At Risk 9/12/05 Maine University of Maine Teacher preparation At Risk 8/1/06 Michigan Adrian College Teacher preparation program Low Performing 8/14/07 Marygrove College Teacher preparation program Low Performing 8/14/07 Olivet College Teacher preparation program At Risk 8/14/07 Missouri Central Methodist University Educator certification programs At Risk 10/10/06 New York Boricua College Childhood Education Low Performing 7/25/07 City University of New York-Queens College Adolescence Education: English Low Performing 9/11/06 Daemen College Adolescence Education: Social Studies Low Performing 7/25/07 Mercy College (Bronx Campus) Teaching Students with Disabilities Low Performing 7/25/07 Mercy College (Bronx Campus) Childhood Education (General Education and Special Education) Low Performing 9/11/06 Mount St. Mary College Adolescence Education: Social Studies Low Performing 7/25/07 Rochester Institute of Technology Teaching Students Who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing Low Performing 7/25/07 Touro College Teaching Students with Disabilities Low Performing 9/11/06 Ohio Cedarville University Department of Education At Risk 12/12/06 Franciscan University of Steubenville Department of Education At Risk 5/14/07 Heidelberg College Department of Education At Risk 12/12/06 Malone College School of Education At Risk 7/17/06 Notre Dame College Education Department At Risk 10/28/05 The College of Wooster Department of Education At Risk 7/17/06 The Ohio State University College of Education and Human Ecology At Risk 5/24/06 Urbana University College of Education At Risk 5/14/07 Wilmington College Department of Education At Risk 5/14/07 Washington Antioch University–Seattle Residency teacher certificate At Risk 1/17/07 NOTE: For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. 90 | The Secretary’s Seventh Annual Report on Teacher Quality Tables and Figures State Standards and Evaluation of Teacher Preparation Programs Table 19. States that have identified at-risk or low-performing teacher preparation programs: 2002 through 2007 State At-risk (AR) or Low-performing (LP) 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Alabama Alaska American Samoa Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut LP Delaware District of Columbia Federated States of Micronesia Florida LP LP LP LP LP Georgia LP † † AR AR Guam Hawaii Idaho Illinois AR AR AR AR AR Indiana AR AR Iowa LP Kansas AR AR AR, LP AR, LP AR, LP AR, LP Kentucky AR LP AR AR, LP Louisiana LP AR AR Maine AR AR AR Maryland LP AR Marshall Islands Massachusetts Michigan AR, LP Minnesota Mississippi AR Missouri AR AR Montana Continued Tables and Figures | 91 State Standards and Evaluation of Teacher Preparation Programs Tables and Figures Table 19. States that have identified at-risk or low-performing teacher preparation programs: 2002 through 2007 continued State At-risk (AR) or Low-performing (LP) 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York AR AR AR LP LP North Carolina LP LP LP LP LP North Dakota Northern Mariana Islands Ohio AR AR AR AR Oklahoma Oregon Palau Pennsylvania Puerto Rico Rhode Island South Carolina AR AR, LP AR AR South Dakota Tennessee AR, LP AR AR AR Texas AR, LP LP LP Utah Vermont Virgin Islands Virginia Washington AR AR West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Total number of states 11 9 11 11 14 12 † The state did not specify the designation of the program. The program was being restructured. NOTE: For purposes of this table, state or jurisdiction refers to the 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and outlying areas as defined on page 1, footnote 2. Table entries indicate, for a given state and year, if one or more postsecondary institution teacher preparation programs have been designated as “low-performing” (LP) or “at-risk” (AR) of being designated low- performing, respectively. (Definitions of these categories are established by each state authority.) Blank spaces for a given state and year entry indicate that no teacher preparation program was so designated. Federated States of Micronesia did not submit a state Title II report in 2007. Data presented in this report for previous years may not be consistent with data published in earlier reports because states are able to revise their data. Source: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Postsecondary Education. (2007). Higher Education Act Title II Reporting System. The Department of Education’s mission is to promote student achievement and preparation for global competitiveness by fostering educational excellence and ensuring equal access. www.ed.gov