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Form No. 10-300 ^ ^0 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM mh S0.EET FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED AU6 151977 DATE ENTERED____ AUG 2 8 IM SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOWTO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES - COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS NAME £s A. i t h Y. L f r K e tv dI i HISTORIC Beverhoa3-€'Beyerhoudtsberg, Beverhoudt AND/OR COMMON Beverhoudt Plantation , ftaverhoutsberg LOCATION STREET & NUMBER CITY, TOWN Cruz Bay ^ Beve rhoutsiiexg-. _NOT FOR PUBLICATION _2£_ VICINITY OF CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 1 STATE U. Virain Islands CODE 78 COUNTY St. John CODE 0300 IICLASSIFICATION i' i CATEGORY .DISTRICT f XBUILDING(S) —STRUCTURE —SITE —OBJECT OWNERSHIP —PUBLIC —PRIVATE —BOTH PUBLIC ACQUISITION —IN PROCESS —BEING CONSIDERED STATUS —OCCUPIED XUNOCCUPIED —WORK IN PROGRESS ACCESSIBLE X.YES: RESTRICTED —YES; UNRESTRICTED —NO PRESENT USE —AGRICULTURE —MUSEUM —COMMERCIAL ^PARK —EDUCATIONAL —PRIVATE RESIDENCE —ENTERTAINMENT —RELIGIOUS —GOVERNMENT —SCIENTIFIC —INDUSTRIAL —MILITARY —TRANSPORTATION —OTHER: OWNER OF PROPERTY NAME Thp TTatiiTP Con STREET & NUMBER 1800 North Kent Street CITY. TOWN At"1 t VICINITY OF STATE Virginia 22209 LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE, REGISTRY OF DEEDS.ETC. p_e^order Of Deeds STREETS NUMBER No. 18 Konqens Gade CITY. TOWN Charlotte Amalie STATE U.^ Virain Jislands [1 REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE Virgin Islands Inventory of Historic Places DATE May 6, 1977 —FEDERAL X-STATE .COUNTY .LOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS Virgin Islands Planning Office CITY, TOWN Charlotte Amalie STATE U. S. Virain I^ands Form No 10-300a (Hev. 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE FOR NPS USE ONLY ,AUG 151977 RECEIVED' NATIONAL REGISTER OF fflSTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED - ' ' ■ ■ ■ ■ . .■ AUG 2 9 I97r CONTI NUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE one if stone rubble warehouse lies due east of the factory and "physician's house." The single wide entrance in the east end wall is lined with brick and has the typical splayed jambs with iron pintles indicating double doors. There are no other openings except for narrow slits in each of the north south side walls resembling rifle ports in military construction. The finished top walls with a slightly projecting ridge indicate a flat timber framed roof. The remains of a series of open to the air animal pens and stables exist north of the animal mill, opposite the at grade entrance to the elevated horse walk. The five foot high walls are stuccoed rubble, finished with a lime concrete triangular cap. ^5? r I Q SIGNIFICANCE <■. PERIOD —PREHISTORIC — 1400-1499 —1500-1599 —1600-1699 X-1 700-1 799 X-1800-1899 —1900- areas OF SIGNIFICANCE - CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOW __ARCHEOLOGY-PREHISTORIC —ARCHEOLOGY-HISTORIC XAGRICULTURE XARCHITECTURE ^RT —COMMERCE —COMMUNICATIONS —COMMUNITY PLANNING —CONSERVATION —ECONOMICS —EDUCATION —ENGINEERING —EXPLORATION/SETTLEMENT —INDUSTRY —INVENTION -LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE —LAW —LITERATURE —MILITARY —MUSIC —PHILOSOPHY —POLITICS/GOVERNMENT —RELIGION —SCIENCE —SCULPTURE —SOCIAIVHUMANITARIAN —THEATER —TRANSPORTATION —OTHER (SPECIFY) SPECIFIC DATES BUILDER/ARCHITECT STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE During the 17th and 18th centuries, the Danes joined other European nations in securing colonies in the West Indies. The Danes hoped that their colonies would provide them with permanent sites for their trading and commercial interests. Agriculture was to serve as a supplement to the income provided in commerce and trading. The sources of the plantation agriculture in the Danish West Indies varied on each island. St. John was cultivated in mostly cotton and sugar. From 1720 to 1721 there were 39 plantations on St. John and by 1728 the number of plantations had increased to 87. All of the island had been parcelled out to individual owners with the exception of the fort area at Cruz Bay and the Company Plantage (Estate Carolina) which the Danish West Indies Company held. By 1739 there were 106 plantations on the island. The slave revolt of 1733 posed only a temporary deterrent to the growth of plantations on St. John. After the Napoleonic wars, plantation agriculture began to decline in the Danish West Indies. Sugar production had expanded to other areas such as Cuba and Puerto Rico where more fertile soil gave an advantage over the Danish West Indies. Burdened by heavy debt, the planters found it impossible to take appropriate measures to maintain the soil. Agriculture methods were generally inefficient and milling operations were wasteful and uneconomic. Absentee landlordism made it difficult to maintain sufficient control over the plantations' production. Slavery, which provided the planters with cheap labor, was abolished in 1848 and, with the increase in operating expenses, many plantations discontinued production. Estate Beverhoudt is typical of sugar plantations in operation during the 18th and 19th centuries. The estate is named for John von Beverhout, an early planter of distinction, who defended Peter Durloo's Little Cinnamon Bay plantation in the slave revolt of 1733. Beverhout is derived from the Dutch words "bever" (beaver) and "hout" (wood). [major bibliographical references Dookhan, Isaac. A History of the Virgin Islands of the United States. Epping, Essex: Bowker Publishing Company, 1974 McGuire, James William. Geographic Dictionary of the Virgin Islands. Special Publication No. 103 (Serial N. 269), United States Coast and ; ' IQgeographical data ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY. UTM REFERENCES 10.17 acres 18" 20' 26" North Latitude 64“ 46' +6" West Longitude c2./ .111.1 jJ I ■ I > 1 . . I ZONE EASTING NORTHING cl . 1 I I , I , , I I , I , I , . I bI , I I I , I , , I I ,1 . I , , I ZONE EASTING NORTHING pj ■ I I I . I ■ . I t . r . I . ■ I VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION The nominated property Is located 1/4 mile southwest of Estate Adrian, St. John along Battery Gut> on No. 4 Estate Beverhoutsberg. ' 1 ' . c> LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES STATE CODE COUNTY CODE N/A STATE CODE COUNTY CODE [FORM PREPARED BY NAME/TITLE Annie I. HiLlarv. ’RTiR.qpi i Wright ORGANIZATION Vi rgi r> Isl ands Planni OffiCP DATE June 6, 1977 STREET & NUMBER P. 0. Box 2606 TELEPHONE (809) 774-1730 CITY OR TOWN Charlotte Amalie STATE U. S. Virgin Islands Estate historic preservation officer certification THE EVALUATED SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS PROPERTY WITHIN THE STATE IS: NATIONAL___ STATE____ LOCAL X ';.1 As the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has' been evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set fortb_by tlie National Park Service. UlON OFFTCER&GNATURE STATE HISTORIC PRESERVAT TITLE Director of Planning DATE ^ FDR NPS USE ONLY 1 hereby CERTIFY thatTHIS PI^PERTY IS t^^UDED TH^rNATIONAL REGiStER ^ l.uJbJri: OA,. G"0 092 453 Form No 10-300a IHev. 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED AUG 151977 DATE ENTERED AUG 2 9 W7l CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE two The 1780 and 1800 Oxholm maps show Beverhoudt Plantation as a well established sugar estate surrounded by a good deal of open land. In 1780 there was a treadmill for the sugar factory and three larger and two smaller structures, the latter two being in the estate's slave village. The ruins of the factory and physician's house are of architectural significance as examples of the design and construction techniques used during the period. The plan of the factory is one of two layouts used in the sugar industry and can be considered typical. The physician's house retains rare examples of wattle and daub. : -s •5 ,1 •4 Form No 10-300a (Hev. 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ftIJG E S 1978 DATE EMff RID CONTI NUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE three Westergaard, Waldemar Christian. The Danish West Indies Under Company Rule (1671 0 1754) , With a Supplementary Chapter, New York, 1917 Knox, John Pary. A Historical Account of St. Thomas, W, I.... and Incidental Notices of St. Croix and St. John. New York. 1852 (1966 reprint). Hatch, Charles E., Jr. Historic Resource Study St. John Island ("the quiet place"). National Park Service, January, 1972 FormNo 10-300a (Rev. 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF fflSTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED juL i 6 JUL 12 i AUG ;2 r : DATE ENTERED CONTI NUATION SHEET Beverhoutsberg ITEM NUMBER ip PAGE___________ Verbal Boundary Description; The boimdary of the nominated property is that shovm in red on the attached proparty map. - ifx - • , -’v ' 'v'- GPO 892 455 If / O i- o o 3-0 a /c ~ o o pu •*-' =; l"* ZIC7.17 /^raa& . t- _ ' >U<_ 1. I fe:- / / 7 ^;;;>r^,5n£icrv -w*=o^ m ;C- Property (f' ge^M^hoadt—Pl-arrt3:ge7~~SeverhO'utdt'sberg-, Beverhoiid'b' State Working Number^ Jo^n T^^oQ3nn TECHNICAL Photos.. Maps ___ r~^ ^ , yA,( « .; c- ** ^ ^ J ‘ ^ ^ i- ¥tPt J Ji> CON^^L ______________ lO/: g./o,?'? M £ y:-. I [ISTORI AN u- (i—^ "7 , ,, . . , ^ /^'~~)r''-v^ -t—^ X /? 7 - ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN /o^ ^ 7 77 £)j^£e^- -f£ JjyTU^ (74 ^ //v£/£u'£.__________ ____ __________ __________ _ !^'^icri/’'^ioo 4ofj AO-+ Ik^c^-^s /\4!i-k/'v«l ^reitfn^ ''' ARCHEOLOGIST r<^>'~>-S. i^aA^\o.\ p<C-So\+ I f- aVC^ tor l»c«4ri ^ 5.kr ^.^,/A fr, +/.‘,v4« ,. A,r r.,-!,». pT' i-o -Pi^e ' .Sugo-r «=’^ iq 7 fnf OTHER HAER Inventory Review A^^v\(0'ajr?Q. \)H y^UwV^vcvi, ri3\v\s REVIEW UNIT CHIEF /VXjept U'SSCMVtx^ BRANCH CHIEF KEEPER Send-back Re-submit Entered National Register Write-up Federal Register Entry United States Department of the Interior National Park Service WASO No. 7 WASO-166 (August ]97l) U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE TELEPHONE REPORT TIME OF CALL 1. CALL pT TO; | 1 FROM CArama; 2. ADDRESS ('Te/. /Vo. f/needed; f '^7^-/73^ S. SUBJECT, PROJECT NO., ETC. vt 4. DETAILS OF DISCUSSION ? y<^ Ptc ■Sr %■ ‘^Jhiujr? ^VTwi^ fn^' n^. NAME OF PERSON PL ACINS/REC El VIN G CALL NATIONAL REGISTER DATA SHEET T)NAME as it appears^^fjn federal register: Beverhoudt Plant€hfci»» ^OTHER NAME^-. Beverhoutsberg 1/^date of entry: m " 9 1978 county code: 0300 (g)L0CAT10N street & mu iiiei city / town 1.5 mi. E of Cruz Bay GenW Le.. -------- - A - - - - vicinity of Cruz Bay state V.I. county St. John 0NPS REGION Southeast OWNER GPRIVATE DSTATE GMUNICIPAL 'dCOUNTY OMULTiFLE □ FEDERAL (agency name) S\cviCTiair' oiiinwcuc- nuiDc nuAm PI u u i Cl 1KA c ro'? nvff ntift MlT^r'nwrinccc i rviCTOiPT Xst lor'c cv# r\*ui 1 ht AI (§) ADMINISTRATOR nnw ..n'lTiTF nFFnFOOl MtriniitL Ksimi :t3ns, ..... .......... .......— MIIIKM 8?SKHUfi „ OmjIMIL ^AcacA&i .£}« X0.17 il state who prepared form? □ local □ private ORGA4l2AfiW ^CONDITION □ excellent □ good □ fair □ deteriorated □ ruins □ unexposed □ imexcavated □ altered □ unaltered □ reconstructed □ excavated □ original site □ moved □unknown ^features: □SUBSTANTIALLY INTACT-1 ^□SUBSTANTIALLY INTACT-2 « GSUBSTANTIALLY INI ACT - 3 QDHOT IHTACT-0 “□UHKNOWN-4 ^□not applicable-? 2q not INIACT-0 “□UNKNOWN-5 3qnot APPLICABLE-8 ©□not intact -o >GUNKN0WN-6 So NOT APPLICABLE- B ^ACCESS DVES-Restricted □ YES-Unrestricted Q No Access □ Unknown @AOAPTIVEUSE DYES GNO @ SAVED? DYES IS PROPERTY A HI STOP 1C DISTRICT? □ yes Gno @ AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE : □ ARCHEOLOOY-prehistoric-2 nCOMMERCE-B □ ARCHEOLOGY-tiistoric-l □ AGRICULTURE-3 □ ARCHITECTURE-4 □ ART-5 □ COMMUNICATIONS-? □ CONSERVATION-a □ ECONOMICS-9 □ EDUCATION-10 □ ENGIKEERING-n □ ENTERTAINMENT-26 □ EXPLORATION -12 □ HEALTH-27 □ INDUSTRY-13 □ INVENTION-M □ LANDSCAPE ARCH.- 15 □ LAW-16 □ LITERATURE-17 □ MILITARY- 16 □ MUSIC- 19 □ PHILOSOPHY-20 □ POLITICS/GOVT.-21 □ RECREATION -28 □ REllGION-22 □SETTLEMENT-29 □ SCIENCE- 23 □ URBAN PLANNING-31 □ SOCIAL/HUMANITARIAN-24 □ OTHER (SPECIFY) □ SOCIAL/CULTURAL-30 _ □ TRANSPORTATION-25 ^CLAIMS , explain Irsf C? \ • oldest* □ ‘only* □ ^functions WHEN HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT: CURRENTLY: ^dates el initial constructipn: nu|or alterations: historic events; I ETHNIC CROUP ' ASSOCIATION ^architectural style(s): ^architect: ^master builder: ^engineer: ^landscape architect / garden designer: interior decorator: ^ artist: partisan: ^builder/contractor: NAMES give role & date '^personal: events: institutional: ^NATIONAL REGISTER WRITE-UP reviewers initials IIP ADDITIONAL SPACE NEEDED NUMBER 8 PUT ON REVER5EI