Eastern Caribbean Parks & Protected Areas Bibliography: Biosphere Reserve Report 31
EASTERN CARIBBEAN Parks and Protected Areas Bibliography U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE VIRGIN ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK AND BIOSPHERE RESERVE ISLAND RESOURCES FOUNDATION EASTERN CARIBBEAN PARKS AND PROTECTED AREAS BIBLIOGRAPHY BIOSPHERE RESERVE RESEARCH REPORT NO. 31 Sponsored By: VIRGIN ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK AND BIOSPHERE RESERVE Mr. Marc Koenings, Superintendent Dr. Caroline Rogers, Research Biologist Funding By: U.S. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Office of International Affairs Mr. Robert C. Milne, Chief and Southeast Regional Office Dr. Dominic Dottavio, Chief Scientist Contractor: ISLAND RESOURCES FOUNDATION Dr. Edward L. Towle, President Red Hook Box 33, St. Thomas U.S. Virgin Islands 00802 1989 Introduction Keyword Codes Regional Codes Country Codes Library Codes TABLE OF CONTENTS Example: Keyword Code Index Entries Subject Keywords Parks and Protected Areas Bibliography Index Page iii iii iv iv iv 1-37 38-43 INTRODUCTION This working bibliography is, as in the case of many bibliographies, a joint effort. …
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EASTERN CARIBBEAN Parks and Protected Areas Bibliography U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE VIRGIN ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK AND BIOSPHERE RESERVE ISLAND RESOURCES FOUNDATION EASTERN CARIBBEAN PARKS AND PROTECTED AREAS BIBLIOGRAPHY BIOSPHERE RESERVE RESEARCH REPORT NO. 31 Sponsored By: VIRGIN ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK AND BIOSPHERE RESERVE Mr. Marc Koenings, Superintendent Dr. Caroline Rogers, Research Biologist Funding By: U.S. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Office of International Affairs Mr. Robert C. Milne, Chief and Southeast Regional Office Dr. Dominic Dottavio, Chief Scientist Contractor: ISLAND RESOURCES FOUNDATION Dr. Edward L. Towle, President Red Hook Box 33, St. Thomas U.S. Virgin Islands 00802 1989 Introduction Keyword Codes Regional Codes Country Codes Library Codes TABLE OF CONTENTS Example: Keyword Code Index Entries Subject Keywords Parks and Protected Areas Bibliography Index Page iii iii iv iv iv 1-37 38-43 INTRODUCTION This working bibliography is, as in the case of many bibliographies, a joint effort. The nuclear collection has been assembled and maintained by the Island Resources Foundation (IRF) and its president, Dr. Edward.L. Towle, at Foundation headquarters in St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands. Extraction of this bibliography from IRF's overall Eastern Caribbean natural resource data base was the re- sponsibility of Mr. Ian Jones of Antigua, who for two years (1987-1989) served as the Foundation's primary data management technician and assistant bibliographer. Dr. Towle and Mr. Jones were greatly assisted by Ms. Tighe Geoghegan, who provided references from the st. Croix and St. Lucia libraries of the Eastern Caribbean Natural Area Management Program (ECNAMP), now known as the Caribbean Natural Resources Institute. References were also obtained by IRF from the Caribbean Conservation Association library in Barbados, the Virgin Islands National Park library, and the University of the Virgin Islands library at its Virgin Islands Eco- logical Research Station (VIERS) at Lameshur Bay, St. John. Additional Eastern Caribbean park and pro- tected area references were obtained from the U.S. Agency for International Development-sponsored Country Environmental Proflle Project and from the Eastern Caribbean data base developed by Island Resources Foun- dation under that project. .. As the principal compiler, the Island Resources Foundation wishes to extend its special appreciation to Dr. Caroline Rogers of the Virgin Islands National Park, Mr. Allen Putney of the Caribbean Natural Resources In- stitute, and Mr. Jean-Pierre Bacle of Island Resources Foundation's Washington, D.C. office for their contribu- tions to this effort. The literature available on or relating to parks and protected areas in the Eastern Caribbean has grown sig- nificantly in just the past two decades. In 1971, there were only 65 such references. By 1981, 120 more had been added, bringing the total to 185 entries. But during the eight year period 1981 to 1989, there were 275 additional entries, an average of 34 new documents per year. The present bibliography, therefore, offers a fairly broad spectrum of technical, statistical, and analytical information to natural resource managers, park planners, and those who seek "lessons learned" and guidance from the written record. We have excluded from the bibliography virtually all Eastern Caribbean parks legislation, rules and regulations, as well as land, boundary and demarcation survey documents. For the OECS (Organization of Eastern Caribbean States) countries, some of this information is available in the OECS/GTZ/OAS-sponsored Envi- ronmental Legislation review series prepared by Ms. Barbara Lausche and which obviously covers more than parks and protected areas in its subject matter. We have also excluded most resource specific survey documents under such topics as soils, ground water, forests, vegetation, wildlife, watersheds, and similar subject areas if the document or study was not designed or carried out as part of a parks and protected areas initiative or project. Such documents are readily located in most country, site-specific, and regionally-focussed topical bibliographies. For example, there is an important bibliographical summary of historical and contemporary scientific investiga- tions focusing on the island of st. John and its environs in the recently published Virgin Islands Biosphere Re- serve Report No. 29 by Dr. C. Rogers and Mr. R. Teytaud entitled "Marine and Terrestrial Ecosystems of the Virgin Islands National Park and Biosphere Reserve". This document, published under the aegis of the Virgin Islands Resource Management Cooperative, provides a synthesis of a twenty-eight part technical report series (1985-1988) and is available from the Virgin Islands National Park or the Island Resources Foundation. Similar source listings for the OECS states can be found in the bibliographies prepared for the USAID-funded Country Environmental Profile Project for the Eastern Caribbean . currently being implemented by the Caribbean Conservation Association with technical assistance from Island Resources Foundation. To have in- eluded the same references in this bibliography would have tripled, even quadrupled its size, increasing its cost and not greatly enhancing its immediate utility -- since a very arbitrary selection process would have been neces- sary to screen each sectoral grouping (such as forestry, for example) for only those references relevant to parks and protected areas. We would be remiss as a compiler of source materials on Caribbean parks and protected areas if we did not draw the reader's attention to the existence of the Virgin Islands Biosphere Reserve Center on St John, which serves as a promising new focal point for local and regional training, information exchanges, cooperative re- search, monitoring, and ecological system recovery and restoration studies. Lastly, we draw the reader's atten- tion to the publication of the "Lesser Antilles Park and Protected Area News," which contains announcements and reviews of newly issued documents and publications. At the present time, the "News" is issued as a cooper- ative publication by the Caribbean Conservation Association and the Caribbean Natural Resources Institute. Island Resources Foundation Red Hook Box 33, St. Thomas U.S. Virgin Islands 00802 i i KEYWORD CODES FOR PARKS AND PROTECTED AREAS BIBLIOGRAPHY REGIONAL CODES [Derived from International Organization for Standardization. Codes for the Representation of Names of Countries. 2nd. ed. Geneva, ISO, 1981. (ISO 3166)] Eastern Caribbean International Latin America/Caribbean Leeward Islands Windward Islands [N.B. This is the first entry in any code listing.] COUNTRY CODES XLEC XZ XL XLLW XLWW [Derived from International Organization for Standardization. Codes for the Representation of Names of Countries. 2nd. ed. Geneva, ISO, 1981. (ISO 3166)] Anguilla Antigua Bahamas Barbados Belize British Virgin Islands Dominica Grenada Guadeloupe Jamaica Martinique Montserrat Netherlands Antilles Puerto Rico St. Kitts and Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent & the Grenadines Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands United States Virgin Islands [N.B. This is the second entry in any code listing.] iii AI AG BS BB BZ VG DM GD GP JM MQ MS AN PR KN LC VC TT TC VI LIBRARY LOCATION CODES Eastern Caribbean Natural Area Management Program/ St. Croix, Virgin Islands Island Resources Foundation/Washington, D.C. Island Resources Foundation/St. Thomas, Virgin Islands Virgin Islands Ecological Research Station/St. John, Virgin Islands Virgin Islands National Park/St. John, Virgin Islands ECNAMP IRFD IRFV VIERS VINP [N.B. This is the third entry (and possibly the fourth and fifth entry) in any code listing.] EXAMPLE: KEYWORD CODE INDEX ENTRIES Nicholson, D., 1983. English Harbour, Antigua: A historical and archaeological sketch. Antigua Arch. Soc., st. John's, Antigua. [XL, AG, IRFV, HIST, PARK, ARCH] REGION~ t-- I (Caribbean) ~TOPICAL INDEX ENTRIES COUNTRY (History) (Antigua) (Parks & Protected Areas) LIBRARY (Archaeology) (Island Resources Foundation) SUBJECT KEYWORDS AGRI Agriculture CSTZ Coastal zone ALGAE Algae CULT Culture ANEG Anegada DEVE Development ANTHROP Anthropology EAR Environmental ARCH Archaeology assessment ARCT Architecture ECOL Ecology ARTIS Artisanal ECON Economics fisheries ECOS Ecosystems BAT Bats EDUC Education BEACH Beaches EIA Environmental BIB Bibliography impact BIOGEOG Biogeography ERSN Erosion BIOL Biology FAUNA Fauna BIOLDIV Biological FISH Fisheries diversity FLORA Flora BIRD Birds FSTRY Forestry BOTNY Botany GEN General BRMHIL Brimstone Hill GEOL Geology BURRO Burros GIS Geographic CABRITS Cabrits Information Systems National Park GORDA Virgin Gorda CORAL Corals GREN Grenadines (St. CRAB Crabs Vincent) iv GTANG Grand Etang RECREATION Recreation -Forest Reserve REEF Reefs GWATER Groundwater REPTL Reptiles HGEOL Hydrogeology RES Research HIST History RESMGT Resource HLTH Health management HYDR Hydrology RIVANT River Antoine INFO Information RODBAY Rodney Bay INFRA Infrastructure SAIL Sailing INSCT Insects SAN Sanitation INST Institutions SAND Sand mining LAND Landuse SGRS Seagrass LEG Legislation SHRIMP Shrimps LEV Levera National SLTPND Salt pqnds Park SOC Sociology LOBST Lobsters SOCEC Socioeconomic MAB Man and the SOIL Soil Biosphere Program SPORT Sport fishing MARIA Maria Islands STATS Statistics MARRES Marine resources STJ St. John (VI) MARSCI Marine science STK Fish stocks MGRV Mangroves SIT St. Thomas (VI) MOLLUSC Molluscs STX St. CroiX (VI) MTP Mornes Trois SWST Solid waste Pitons National Park TOUR Tourism NATRES Natural resources TURTLE Turtles OCEAN Oceanography URCHIN Sea urchins PARK Parks and protected VEG Vegetation areas VINP Virgin Islands PART Participatory National Park resource VIRMC V.1. Resource management Management PIGISL Pigeon Island Cooperative National Park WATER Water resources PLAN Planning WLDLD Wildlands POLL _ Pollution WLDLF Wildlife POLT Politics WSHMGT Watershed PORT Ports management PUBMGT Public WSTD Waste disposal management ZONE Zoning v PARKS AND PROTECTED AREAS BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Abruna, F., 1977. Arboles ceiba en Puerto Rico. Fondo de mejoramiento, San Juan, Puerto Rico. [XL, PR, IRFV, PARK, FSTRy] - 2. Adams, J., et aI., 1975. Potential national natural landmarks: U.S. Virgin Islands. Prep. by West Indies Lab., St. Croix, VI, for National Park Service. [XL, VI, IRFV, NATRES, PARK] 3. Adams, J., Phillips, R and Edison, M., 1979. Site alternatives for a community and cultural center, St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Community and Cultural Center Task Force. [XL, VI, IRFV, STJ, CULT, SOC, PARK] 4. Alexander, J., 1981. Virgin Islands park system. Draft. UnpubI. report. [XL, VI, IRFV, STJ, PARK, RESMGl1 5 .. Anderson, M., et, aI., 1986, Ecological community type maps and biological descriptions for Buck Island Reef National Monument and proposed marine park sites in the British Virgin Islands. U.S. National Park Service. Biosphere Reserve Report no. 4. Island Res. Found., St. Thomas, VI. [XL, VI, IRFV, ECNAMP, STX, VG, VINP, VIRMC, ECOL, BIOL, PARK] 6. Anderson, P., 1987. Proposed Shoal Point [Shoal Bay East] Marine Park. UnpubI., Dept. Land & Surveys, Anguilla. [XL, AI, CK, PARK] 7. Anguilla Government, 1974. Marine Parks Ordinance, 1974. The Valley, Anguilla. [XL, AI, IRFV, PARK, LEG, RESMGl1 8. Antoine, P., 1984. River Antoine: An estate and its history. Prepared for the Government of Grenada and the Eastern Caribbean Natural Management Program with the assistance of the Canadian High Commission in Barbados. ECNAMP, St. Lucia. [XL, GD, IRFV, PARK, RIVANT, HISl1 9. Ausherman, B. and Chapman, W., 1985. Anegada site report. Prep. for ECNAMP, St. Croix, VI. [XL, VG, ECNAMP, PARK, ANEG, ARCT, HISl1 10. Bacon, P. and French, R. (eds.), 1972. The wildlife sanctuaries of Trinidad and Tobago. Wildlf. Conserv. Comm., Min. Agri., Lands & Fish., Trinidad. [XL, IT, IRFV, WLDLF, PARK, RESMGl1 11. Barr, L., et aI., 1971. Ecology and population dynamics of the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, of St. John Island, U.S. Virgin Islands. In: Miller, J., VanDerwalker, J. and Waller, R. (eds.), Scientists in the sea, VI-34 - VI-57. Dept. Interior, Washington, DC. [XL, VI, IRFV, STJ, LOBST, BIOL, ECOL] 12. Batisse, M., 1985. Developing and focusing the biosphere reserve concept. Unpubl report. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, PARK, RESMGl1 1 USNPS and ISLAND RESOURCES FOUNDATION 13. Baud-Bovy, M. and Lawson, F., 1979. Tourism and recreation development. CBI Publ. Co., Boston, MA. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, PARK, RECREATION, TOUR, RESMG11 14. Beard, J., 1942. Montane vegetation of the Antilles. Carib. Forester, 5:61-74. [XL, REG, CK, FSTRY, VEG, ECOL, BIOL] 15. Beard, J., 1944. Climax vegetation in tropical America. Ecology, 25:127-158. [XL, REG, CK, FSTRY, VEG, BOTNY, BIOL, ECOL] 16. Beard, J., 1944. Provisional list of trees and shrubs of the Lesser Antilles. Caribbean Forester, 5:48-67. [XLEC, REG, CK, FSTRY, VEG, BOTNY, BIOL] 17. Beard, J., 1945. Forestry in the Leeward islands: The British Virgin Islands report. Devel. and Welfare in the West Indies Bull. 7 A. 16pp. [XLEC, VG, FSTRY, VEG] 18. Beard, J., 1949. The natural vegetation of the Windward and Leeward Islands. Oxford Forestry Memoir, no. 21, Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK. [XLEC, REG, CK, VEG, FLORA] 19. Beard, J., 1955. The classification of tropical American vegetation types. Ecology, 36:89-100. [XL, REG, CK, VEG, BOTNY, ECOL] 20. Beets, J. and Lewand, L., 1986. Collection of common organisms within the Virgin Islands National Park/Biosphere Reserve. U.S. National Park Service. Biosphere Reserve Report no. 3. Island Resources Foundation, St. Thomas, VI. [XL, VI, IRFV, ECNAMP, VIRMC, STJ, VINP, BIOL, PARK] 21. Beets, J., Lewand, L. and Zullo, E., 1986. Marine community descriptions and maps of bays within the Virgin Islands National Park/Biosphere Reserve. U.S. National Park Service. Biosphere Reserve Report no. 2. Island Resources Foundation, St. Thomas, VI. [XL, VI, IRFV, ECNAMP, STJ, VINP, VIRMC, MARRES, BIOL, PARK] 22. Bjorklund, M., 1974. Achievements in marine conservation, I. Marine parks. Env. Conserv., 1(3):205-224. [XL, GEN, IRFV, PARK, RESMG11 23. Blower, J., 1984. National parks for developing countries. In: McNeely, J. and Miller, K. (eds.), National Parks, Conservation and Development, :722-727. Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington, DC. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, PARK, RESMG1] 24. Botkin, D., 1985. The need for a science of the biosphere. Interdisciplinary Sci. Rev., 10(3):267-278. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, PARK, RESMG1] 25. Boulon, R., 1983. Country summary for the U.S. Virgin Islands. In: Wood, J. (ed.), Proc. Workshop on biosphere reserves and other protected areas for sustainable development in small Caribbean islands. :128-132. Nat. Park Serv., At- lanta, GA. [XL, VI, IRFV, ECNAMP, PARK, RESMG11 2 PARKS AND PROTECTED AREAS BIBLIOGRAPHY 26. Boulon, R., 1986. Fisheries habitat of the Virgin Islands region of ecological importance to the fishery resources of the Virgin Islands Biosphere Reserve. U.S. National Park Service. Biosphere Reserve Report no. 9. Island Resources Foundation, St. Thomas, VI. [XL, VI, IRFV, ECNAMP, VIRMC, VINP, STJ, FISH, ECOL, PARK] 27. Boulon, R., 1986. Map of fishery habitats within the Virgin Islands Biosphere Reserve. U.S. National Park Service. Biosphere Reserve Report no. 8. Island Resources Foundation, St. Thomas, VI. [XL, VI, IRFV, ECNAMP, VINP, VIRMC, FISH, ECOL, ECOS, PARK] 28. Boulon, R., 1987. A basis for long-term monitoring of fish and shellfish species in the Virgin Islands National Park. U.S. National Park Service. Biosphere Reserve report no. 22. Island Resources Foundation, St. Thomas, VI. [XL, VI, IRFV, ECNAMP, VIRMC, STJ, FISH, ECOL, RES, PARK] 29. Boulon, R. and Clavijo, I., 1986. Utilization of the Virgin Islands Biosphere Reserve by artisanal fishermen. U.S. National Park Service. Biosphere Reserve Report no. 11. Island Resources Foundation, St. Thomas, VI. [XL, VI, IRFV, ECNAMP, VIRMC, STJ, FISH, ARTIS, RESMGT, PARK] 30. Boulon, R., Beets, J. and Zullo, E., 1986. Long-term monitoring of fisheries in the Virgin Islands Biosphere Reserve. U.S. National Park. Biosphere Reserve Report no. 13. Island Resources Foundation, St. Thomas, VI. [XL, VI, IRFV, ECNAMP, STJ, VIRMC, FISH, ECOL, BIOL, RES, PARK] 31. Boulon, R., Norton, R. and Agardy, T., 1982. Status of the Brown Pelican (Pelecanus O. occidentalis) in the Virgin Islands. Dept. Conserv. Cult. Af£., Govt. V.I., St. Thomas, VI, 25pp. [XL, VI, CK, BIRD, RESMGT] 32. Bovey, R., 1986. Montserrat - a summary of available information and a proposal for a system of natural protected sites. UnpubI. report to Montserrat National Trust, Montserrat Govt. & WWF. [XL, MS, ECNAMP, NATRES, PARK] 33. Bovey, R., et aI., 1987. Montserrat National Park - Ecological and cultural feasibility assessment. Montserrat National Trust. [XL, MS, CK, PARK, ECOL, CULT] 34. Bowden, M., et aI., 1970. Climate, water balance and climatic change in the northwest Virgin Islands. Carib. Res. Inst., St. Thomas, VI. [XL, VI, IRFV, MET, WATER, RESMGT] 35. Bowden, M., et aI., 1974. Hurricanes in paradise: Perception and reality of the hurricane hazard in the Virgin Islands. Island Resources Foundation, 115pp. [XL, VI, IRFV, NATDIS, MET, HIST] 36. Braithwaite, S., 1983. An analysis of the geology and major water bodies in the proposed area for the Levera National Park (Grenada). Prep. for Govt. Grenada and ECNAMP. [XL, GD, ECNAMP, GEOL, PARK, WATER, HYDR, GEOC] 3 USNPS and ISLAND RESOURCES FOUNDATION 37. Bramwell, D., et al. (eds.), 1987. Botanic gardens and the world conservation strategy. Proc. International conference 26-30 november 1985, held at Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. Academic Press, London, UK. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, RESMGT, BIOL] 38. Brander, B. and Wood, J. (eds.), 1982. Abstracts of the Colloquium on Long- Term Ecological Research in the Virgin Islands. National Park Service, Southeast Region Office, Atlanta, GA. [XL, VI, IRFV, ECNAMP, ECOL, BIOL, PARK, LAND, REEF, SLTPND] 39. Braunstein, Y., 1982. Economics of user fees: General results and special applications to information. ASPA Conf., Panel on User· Fees, Honolulu, March 1982. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, ECON, PARK, TAX] 40. British Virgin Islands National Park Trust, and Eastern Caribbean Natural Area Management Program, 1986. North Sound, Virgin Gorda, BVI: A guide for yachtsmen and explorers. ECNAMP, St. Croix, VI. [XL, VG, ECNAMP, PARK, GORDA, SAIL, TOUR] 41. British Virgin Islands National Parks Trust, and Eastern Caribbean Natural Area Management Program, 1986. A parks and protected areas system plan for the British Virgin Islands. ECNAMP, St. Croix, V.I. [XL, VG, ECNAMP, PARK, RESMGT, LEG, ECON] 42. British Virgin Islands National Parks Trust, ECNAMP, and Town & Planning Office, 1985. Background information on the Baths proposed protected area, Virgin Gorda, British Virgin Islands,. ECNAMP working document, St. Croix, V.l [XL, VG, ECNAMp, GORDA, PARK, SOCEC, RESMGT] 43. British Virgin Islands National Parks Trust, ECNAMP, and Town & Country Planning Office, 1986. Study of management alternatives for the Baths proposed protected area, Virgin Gorda, British Virgin Islands. ECNAMP Working Document, St. Croix, V.L [XL, VG, ECNAMP, GORDA, RESMGT, PARK] 44. British Virgin Islands National Park Trust, ECNAMP, and Town & Country Planning Office, 1986. The Baths, a management strategy for the proposed protected area. ECNAMP Working Document, St. Croix, V.I. [XL, VG, ECNAMP, RESMGT, PARK, GORDA] 45. Britton, N., 1918. The Flora of the American Virgin Islands. Mem. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. 1:19-118. [XL, VI, CK, BOTNYj 46. Britton, N., 1923. Botanical Exploration of Puerto Rico arid the Virgin Islands. Jour. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 24:93-99. [XL, PR, VI, CK, BOTNYj 47. Britton, N. and Wilson, P., 1923. Descriptive flora - Spermatophyta: Botany of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. N.Y. Acad. Sci., Sci. Surv., Porto Rico/Virgin Islands. [XL, VI, PR, CK, BOTNYj 4 PARKS AND PROTECTED AREAS BIBLIOGRAPHY 48. Brown, S., 1982. An overview of Caribbean Forests. In: Lugo, A. and Brown, S. (eds.), Foretry in the Caribbean. U.S. MAE Report 7:8-21. [XL, REG, IRFV, FSTRY, BOTNY] - 49. Brown, S. and Scheffel, M., 1985. Recovery of soil organic carbon through forest succession in St. John, Virgin Islands National Park. Unpublished Report. [XL, VI, CK, STJ, SOIL, FSTRY, BIOL, VINP] 50. Burnett, R. and Burnett, E., 1983. Report on a preliminary survey of the cultural and related resources of Cane Garden Bay. Prep. for BVI Parks and Protected Areas Project. [XL, ECNAMP, PARK, CULT, HIST, NATRES] 51. Butler, P., 1981. Conservation and the involvement of basic groups. ENDA Workshop, June 1981. [XL, LC, CK, PARK, PART, RESMGT] 52. Butler, P., 1984. Conservation of natural resources in St. Lucia.· In: Lugo, A, and Brown, S. (eds.), Watershed Management in the Caribbean. Institute of Tropical Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR, : 111-117. [XL, IRFV, LC, ECNAMp, WSHMGT, RESMGT, NATRES, PARK] 53. Cahn, R., 1969. Will success spoil the national parks. Christian Science Monitor. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, PARK, RESMGT] 54. Canada. Government, 1969. National parks policy. Nat/Hist. Parks Branch, IndianAff. North. Dev., Ottawa, Canada. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, PARK, RESMGT] 55. Carlozzi, c., 1964. Caribbean parks, nature reserves, historical sites: A development proposal. Amer. Conserv. Assoc., Inc. [XL, REG, IRFV, PARK, HIST, RESMGT] 56. Carlozzi, C.,1967. A report on the development of national parks and beaches system for Barbados. Carib. Res. Inst., St. Thomas, VI. [XL, BB, IRFV, PARK, BEACH, RESMGT] 57. Carlozzi, c., n.d. An approach to site selection for national parks, nature reserves and other natural areas. Unpub!. report. [XL, GEN, IRFV, PARK, RESMGT] 58. Carlozzi, C. and Carlozzi, A., 1968. Conservation and Caribbean regional progress. Caribbean Research Institute, St. Thomas, VI. [XL, REG, IRFV, BIOGEOG, PARK, ECOL, RESMGT,ECON, DEVE] 59. Chakalall, B. and Geoghegan, T., 1983. Lesser Antillean Biosphere Reserve .. Parks 8(2):7-8. [XLEC, REG, IRFV, ECNAMP, PARK, RESMGT] 60. Christian, c., 1986. Cabrits project summary. Presented at the Lesser Antilles Coastal Protected Areas Workshop. Unpub!. report. [XL, DM, IRFV, PARK, CABRITS] 5 USNPS and ISLAND RESOURCES FOUNDATION 61. Cintron, G., Maddux, W. and Burkholder, P., 1970. Some consequences of brine pollution in the Bahia Fosforescente, Puerto Rico. Limnology and Oceanography, 15(2):246-249. [XL, PR, IRFV, POLL, PARK, NATRES] 62. Claringbould, R., Deakin, J. and Foster, P., 1984. Data review of reef related tourism 1946-1980. Gt. Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Res. Publ. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, REEF, PARK, TOUR, RESMGT] 63. Clark, J., 1987. Coastal and marine parks in the Caribbean - Jamaica, St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Unpubl. [XL, 1M, VC, ECNAMP, PARK, RESMGT, CSTZ] 64. Clarke, N., 1984. A management plan for the proposed Dogs Protected Area. Prep. for BVI Parks and Protected Areas Project. [XL, VG, ECNAMP, RESMGT, PARK] 65. Clarke, N., 1984. Management plans for The Baths Protected Area (draft). Prep. for BVI Parks and Protected Areas Project. [XL, VG, ECNAMP, GORDA, RESMGT, PARK] 66. Clarke, N., 1984. Rhone Marine Park: Draft management plan. Prep. for BVI Parks and Protected Area Project. [XL, VG, ECNAMP, PARK, RESMGT] 67. Clifton, H. and Hunter, R., 1972. The sand tilefish, Malacanthus plumieri, and the distribution of coarse debris near West Indian coral reefs. In: Collette, B. and Earle, S. (eds.), Results of the Tektite Program: Ecology of coral reef fishes. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Ct. Sci. Bull. 14:87-92. [XL, VI, IRFV, STI, FISH, BIOL, ECOL] 68. Cobham Resource Consultants, 1988. Turks and Caicos Islands: Ecological survey and environmental policies for the National Physical Development Plan. Prep. for United Nations Center Human Settlements. [XL, TC, IRFV, ECOL, RESMGT, PARK, INST] 69. Coblentz, B., 1983. Exotic animal influences in Virgin Islands National Park. Report to VINP, St. Thomas. [XL, VI, CK, STI, VINP, WLDLF, ECOL] 70. Coblentz, B., 1986. A possible reason for agedifferential foraging success in Brown Pelicans. Jour. Field Ornithol., 57:63-64. [XL, VI, CK, BIRD, BIOL] 71. Coblentz, B. and Coblentz, B., 1984. Reproduction of the mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) on St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Draft. Unpubl. report. [XL, VI, IRFV, STI, MONG, WLDLF, BIOL] 72. Coblentz, B. and Coblentz, B., 1985. Control of the Indian Mongoose Herpestes auropunctatus on St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. BioI. Conserv. 33:281-288. [XL, VI, IRFV, STI, WLDLF, RESMGT, MONG] 73. Coblentz, B. and Coblentz, B., 1985. Reproduction and the annual fat cycle of the mongoose on St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Jour. Mamm. 66:560-563. [XL, VI, CK, MONG, BIOL, WLDLF] 6 PARKS AND PROTECTED AREAS BIBLIOGRAPHY 74. Collette, B. and Earle, S. (eds.), 1972. Results of the Tektite program: Ecology of coral reef fishes. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Cty. Sci. Bull. 14. [XL, VI IRFV, STJ, BIOL, CORAL, REEF, FISH, BOTNY, SHRIMP] 75. Collette, B. and Talbot, F., 1972. Activity patterns of coral reef fishes with emphasis on nocturnal-diurnal change-over. In: Collette, B. and Earle, S. (eds.), Results of the Tektite Program: Ecology of coral reef fishes. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Ct. Sci. Bull. 14:98-124. [XL, VI, CK, STJ, REEF, FISH, BIOL, ECOL] 76. Conservation Foundation. 1968. Rookery Bay Area project: A demonstration study in conservation and development, Naples, Florida. Conserv. Foundation, Washington, DC. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, PARK, RESMGTJ 77. Corke, D., 1983. The reptiles of the Maria Islands, St. Lucia. Prep. for ECNAMP and World Wildlife Fund. [XL, LC, ECNAMP, PARK, WLDLF, MARIA, REPTL, BIOL, ECOL] 78. Cosner, 0., 1972. Water in St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. USGS, Water Res. Div., Carib.-Distr., Open-file report, San Juan, PRo [XL, VI, IRFV, STJ, GWATER, HYDR, HGEOL] 79. Crumpacker, D., 1986. U.S. inventory of macroreserves: Development of a national ecosystem conservation database. Report to U.S. MAB Proj. Directorate on Biosphere Reserves. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, INFO, COMPT, PARK, ECOS, ECOL, RESMGTJ 80. Cullen, R., 1985. 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[XL, VI, CK, STX, BOTNY] 432. Wallis, 0., 1971. Establishing underwater parks worldwide. Trans. 36th North American Wildlife and Natural Resources Conference. 7-10 March 1971. Wildlife Management Institute, Washington, DC. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, PARK, RESMG1] 433. Walsh, R., 1980. An economic evaluation of the general management plan for Yosemite National Park. Colo. Water Res. Research Inst., Colo. State Univ., Fort Collins, co. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, ECON, PARK, RESMG1] 434. Weaver, P. and Chinea-Rivera, J., 1988. A phytosociological study of Cinnamon Bay watershed, St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Rpt. to VINP, St. Thomas, VI. [XL, VI, CK, ECOL, STJ, WSHMG1] 435. Weber, B., 1973. National park creation in a developing nation: A case study of Dominica, West Indies. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO. [XL, DM, CK, PARK, DEVE] 436. West Indies Laboratory, 1982. The bight at Norman Island, British Virgin Islands: Survey of a potential park site. Prep. for BVI Parks and Protected Areas Project. [XL, VG, ECNAMP, PARK, BIOL, ECOL] 437. West Indies Laboratory, 1983. The reefs of Anegada Island, British Virgin Islands: Survey of potential marine park sites. Prep. for BVI Parks and Protected Areas Project. [XL, VG, ECNAMp, ANEG, PARK, REEF, ECOL] 438. West Indies Laboratory, 1985. A survey of the Dog Islands and sites south and west of Virgin Gorda, British Virgin Islands. Prep. for ECNAMP, St. Croix, VI. [XL, VG, ECNAMP, GORDA, ECOL, PARK, CORAL, FISH] 35 USNPS and ISLAND RESOURCES FOUNDATION 439. White, C. and Milton, J., 1969. The urgent need for effective cOllservation on Dominica. Int. Union Cons. Nat. Bull., 2:93-98. [XL, DM, CK, PARK, RESMGl1 440. White, D., 1982. The Cabrits: An inventory of existing conditions, an emergency stabilization plan, and development recommendations for stabilization and restoration. IRF, St. Thomas, VI for ECNAMP, St. Croix, VI. [XL, DM, IRFD, ECNAMp, CABRITS, PARK, RESMGT, HISl1 441. White, M., Jackson, I. and Clarke, -N., 1985. Cane Garden Bay. ECNAMP, St. Croix, VI. [XL, VG, ECNAMP, PARK, HIST, ECOL, WLDLF, BOTNY] 442. Wilcox, B., c1983. Biosphere reserves and' the preservation of biological diversity. Source unknown, :207-217. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, PARK, RESMGT, BIOLDIV] 443. Williams, R., 1962. Final report on the sand fly survey studies on St. John,' USVI: 1959 and 1961. School of Med. Entom., Columbia Univ., New York, NY. [XL, VI, IRFV, STJ, INSCT, BIOL] 444. Williams, S., 1988. Assessment of anchor damage and carrying capacity of seagrass beds in Francis and Maho Bays for green sea turtles. U;S; National Park Service. Biosphere Reserve Report no. 25. Island Resources Foundation, St. Thomas, VI. [XL, VI, IRFV, STJ, VIRMC, RESMGT, SAIL, SGRS, TURTLE] 445. Williams, V;, 1983. Country summary: St. Kitts-Nevis. Workshop on biosphere reserves and other protected areas of the Lesser Antilles. St. John, USVI. Planning Unit, Basseterre, St. Kitts. [XL, KN, IRFV, ECNAMP, NATRES, RESMGT, PARK] 446. Wilson, A., 1987. Caribbean marine resources: A report on economic opportunities. Oceanus, 30(4):33-41. [XL, REG, IRFV, ECON, PARK, RESMGT, ECOL, TOUR] 447. Wilson, c., 1982. Barbados: Country summary. Workshop on biosphere reserves and other protected areas of the Lesser Antilles. St. John, USVI. Ministry of Housing and Lands, Bridgetown, Barbados. [XL, BB, IRFV, ECNAMP, PARK, RESMGl1 448. Wood, J., 1984. Proceedings of the workshop on biosphere reserves and other protected areas for sustainable development of small Caribbean islands, May 10-12 1983. Atlanta, Georgia: U.S. Dept. of Interior, National Park Service. [XL, REG, IRFV, ECNAMP, PARK, DEVE, RESMGl1 . 449. Woodbury, R. and Little, E., 1979. Flora of Buck Island Reef National Monument (U.S. Virgin Islands). Forest Service Research Paper ITF-19, Inst. Trop. Forestry, PRo [XL, VI, IRFV, STX, BOTNY, PARK] 450. Woodbury, R. and Weaver, P., 1987. The vegetation of St. John and Hassel Island, U.S. Virgin Islands. Nat. Park Serv., Southeast Reg., Res./Res. Mgt. Report SER-83. [XL, VI, IRFV, PARK, SIT, STJ, VEG, BOTNY, BIOL, ECOL] 451. Woodworth, R., 1943. Economic plants of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Bot. Mus. Leafl., Harvard Univ. 11:29-54. [XL, VI, CK, ECON, BOTNY, STJ] 36 PARKS AND PROTECTED AREAS BIBLIOGRAPHY 452. Wright, C., 1988. Draft review of protected areas systems in the Caribbean Islands. Prot. Areas Data Unit, World Conserv. Monitoring Centre. [XL, REG, IRFV,PARK, RESMGTJ . 453. Wright, D., 1977. A site evaluation scheme for use in the assessment of potential nature reserves. BioI. Conserv., 11:293-305. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, PARK, LAND, RESMGTJ 454. Wright, R., 1985. Morne Trois Pitons National Park in Dominica: A case study in park establishment in the developing world. Ecol. Law Q., 12(4)747-778. [XL, DM, IRFV, ECNAMP, PARK, LEG, ENv, MTP] A55. Young, R. and Young, M., 1968. Analysis of beach sand and its relative movement by particle size .. In: Contr. GeoI. of the island of St.John, USVI. Amherst College, Amherst, MA. [XL, VI, CK, BEACH, SAND, GEOL, STJ] 456. Young, S., 1973. Size and diversity as factors in the selection of ecological preserves. Nat. Area Preserv. Symp., Houston, TX, Dec. 1973. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, PARK, ECOL, RESMGTJ 457. Zieman, J., 1973. The ecological effects of motor boats on turtle grass beds in Everglades National Park. Nat. Park Serv., S.E. Reg; Off., Atlanta, GA. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, PARK, RESMGT, SGRS, SAIL] 458. Zube, E., Sell, J. and Taylor, J., 1982. Landscape perception: Research, application and theory. Landscape Planning, 9:1-33. [XZ, GEN, IRFV, LAND, PARK, RESMGTJ 459. Zube, E., et aI., 1968. The islands: Selected resources of the United States Virgin Islands and their relationship to recreation, tourism and open space. Prep. for U.S. Dept. Interior, Washington, DC. [XL, VI, IRFV, LAND, RECREATION, PARK, TOUR, RESMGT, NATRES, ARCH, HISTJ 460. Zullo, E., 1986. Sea turtle nesting at Virgin Islands National Park and Buck Islands Reef National Monument. 1980-1985. NPS report. [XL, VI, ECNAMP, TURTLE, VINP, STJ, STX, BIOL] 37 INDEX Agriculture 106, 196, 226, 344 Algae 231 Anegada 9, 219, 220, 320, 437 Anguilla 6, 7, 203, 362 Anthropology 91, 218 Antigua-Barbuda 96, 209, 233, 293, 352 Archaeology 90, 210, 270, 288, 407, 430, 459 135, 293, Architecture 9, 380 Artisanal fishery 29 Bahamas 367 Bahia Fosforescente 61 Barbados 56, 447 Baths, the 65, 298 294, 315, 106, 209, 326, Beaches 56, 167, 168, 188, 300, 347 Belize 133, 151 Bibliographies 165, 361, 404 Biogeography 58, 242, 414, 415, 419 Biological diversity 163, 394, 442 Biology 5, 30, 37, 38, 73-75, 77, 114, 122, 154, 155, 174, 194, 11, 14-16, 21, 49, 67, 70, 71, 81, 82, 101, 132, 136, 137, 158,159,173, 202, 206, 215, 38 217, 223, 228, 231, 233, 252, 266, 271, 272, 291, 294-296, 310, 314, 321, 322, 327, 345, 346, 350, 355, 358, 368, 376, 378, 381, 405, 415, 426, 436, 443, 450, 460 Biosphere reserves 4, 12, 20, 21, 25-30,59, 79, 84, 86, 100, 107, 110, 113, 123, 124, 143-147, 189, 190, 198, 217, 218, 253, 255, 290, 312, 319, 329, 330, 334, 340, 354-358, 360, 370-373, 382, 398, 409, 416-420, 442, 444, 445, 447, 448 Birds 31, 70, 154, 215, 291, 294-296, 346 Boating 88, 92, 351,360,384, 459 248, 396, 276, 457, Bonaire Marine Park 426 Botany 15, 16, 19, 45-48, 74, 100, 111, 122, 155, 169, 173, 178-182, 184-187, 193, 206, 208, 217, 225, 234-237, 241, 310, 361, 390, 405, 431, 441, 449-451 Brimstone Hill 250, 251, 326 135, 216, British Virgin Islands 9, 40-44, 50, 64-66, 131, 202, 204, 219, 224, 228-230, 294, 299, 320, 359, 363, 436-438, 441 5, 102, 220, 298, 389, Buck Island Reef National Monument 5, 136, 138, 188, 284, 376, 398, 449, 460 Cabrits National Park 60, 95, 171, 172, 207, 328, 331, 332, 380, 401, 440 USNPS and ISLAND RESOURCES FOUNDATION Camerhogne Park 343, 399 Cane Garden Bay 229, 441 Caroni Swamp National Park 405, 406 Coastal zone 63, 97, 168, 188, 246, 279, 305, 340, 429 Corals 74, 101, 233, 266, 355, 378, 396, 438 137, 358, 167, 300, 138, 365, Cordillera-Culebra Sanotuary 324, 325 Marine Crabs 101, 322 Culture 3, 50, 33, 121, 218, 229, 263, 298, 303, 430 Curaoao 423 Underwater Development 58, 213, 222, 238, 285, 302, 306, 382, 435, 448 Dogs, the 64 102, 261, 308, 91, 285, Park 104, 268, 347, Dominioa 60, 94, 95, 148, 171-177, 207, 208, 256, 328, 331, 332, 369, 380, 386, 392, 393, 395, 401, 402, 435, 439, 440, 454 Eoology 5, 11, 14, 15, 19, 26-28, 30, 33, 38, 58, 67- 69, 75, 77, 79, 87, 100, 111, 118, 120, 136, 139, 145, 151, 155, 158, 161, 169, 170, 193, 194, 196, 202, 223, 228, 230, 233, 252, 288, 289, 291, 294, 300, 314, 321, 334, 356, 358, 361, 365, 368, 376, 377, 379, 390, 398, 405, 414, 415, 419, 426, 434, 436-438, 441, 446, 450, 456 39 Eoonomy 39, 41, 58, 92, 96, 116, 121, 131, 157, 162, 163, 196, 220, 221, 239, 264, 302, 318, 333, 384, 385, 387, 421, 422, 433, 446, 451 Eoosystem 27, 79, 111, 145, 169, 170, 288 Education 115, 121, 125, 126, 342, 351, 406, 412 English Harbour 209, 238, 293 Environment 200, 382, 454 Env. Impact Assessment 273, 274, 313, 348, 410 Erosion 287, 290 Fauna 207 Fisheries 75, 84, 97, 192, 203, 335, 359, 438 167, 168, 26-30, 67, 114, 151, 218, 220, 362, 368, Flora 18, 183, 207 188, 74, 161, 266, 398, Forestry 1, 14-16, 48, 49, 98, 100, 111, 117, 148, 198, 225, 232, 236, 237, 241, 253, 255-260, 333, 369, 377, 383 Geog. Information Sys. 319 Geology 36, 112, 151, 177, 189, 190, 266, 288, 290, 314, 334, 405, 455 Grand Cul-de-Sac Marine Re- serve 317 Grand Etang Forest Reserve 98, 232, 264 Grand Turk 305, 338 68, 247, 304, PARKS AND PROTECTED AREAS BIBLIOGRAPHY Grenada 149, 262, 427 150, 264, 8, 36, 232, 341, 98, 243, 343, 129, 257, 399, Grenadines (SV) 166, 233 Groundwater 78 Guadeloupe 317 275, 310, 311, Health 314 History 8, 9, 35, 50, 54, 90, 96, 151, 171, 172, 179, 180, 183, 209, 210, 216, 226, 250, 251, 270, 288, 293, 303, 326, 332, 352, 407-409, 430, 440, 441, 459 Hol Chan Marine Reserve 133 Hydrogeology 78, 83 Hydrology 36, 78, 83, 190, 327, 334 Information 79, 128, 417 Infrastructure 347 Insects 82, 272, 443 Institutions 68, 150, 328, 420 Investment 306 Islands 242 Jamaica 63, 297 Landuse/landscape 38, 96, 118, 156, 191, ~30, 280, 286, 290, 298, 330, 408,409, 429, 453, 458, 459 Leeward Cay 304 80, 201, 292, 428, 40 Legislation 99,117,227, 283, 411, 454 7, 41, 94 -9 6, 257-260, 375, Lesser Antillean Biosphere Reserve 354 Levera National Park 139, 341, 427 36, Lobster 11, 89, 101, 161, 266, 314, 368 Man and the Biosphere 113, 121, 144, 340, 404, 416, 417, 420, Mangroves 202, 230, 317, 359 Maria Islands Nature serve 77, 103, 122, 158, 221,378 79, 373, 300, Re- 129, Marine Parks 5, 6, 7, 21, 2 2, 6 2 ,6 3, 6 6, 8 9 , 9 2, 9 3 , 9 9 , 10 2 , 1 0 5 , 12 0 , 12 1 , 133, 139, 141, 152, 153, 158, 162, 163, 197, 202, 204, 213, 314, 220, 221, 254, 273, 274, 297, 305, 307, 309, 315, 317, 324, 325, 334, 336, 337, 339. 350, 351, 360, 362, 366, 367, 378, 379, 410, 422- 426, 437 Marine resources 203, 220, 223; 368, 365 21, 305, Marine science 379 Marketing 221, 222 Molluscs 272 166, 315, Mona-Monito Marine ary 324 Sanctu- Montserrat 258 32, 33, 249, USNPS and ISLAND RESOURCES FOUNDATION Montserrat 33, 249 National Morne Trois Pitons 454 Park 395, National Park of Guadeloupe 275, 310, 311 Natural disasters 35 Natural resources 2, 32, 50, 52, 61, 102-104, 138, 149, 206,'207, 209, 221, 276, 382, 427, 445, 459 Netherlands Antilles 423, 425, 426 132, Norman Island 389, 436 North Sound 40, ,299 Northern 148 Forest oceanography 266 102,224, Reserve parguera, La Marine sanctu- ary 324, 410 parks/Reserves 1-8, 10, 12, 13, 20-30, 32, 33, 36, 38, 39-44, 50-66, 68, 76, 77, 79-81, 84-100, 102-110, 113, 114, 115-117, 119,-134, 136, 138-153, 156-158, 160, 162-164, 166, 168, 171;"177, 179,180,188,189,193- 214, 217-222, 224, 225, 227-230, 232, 238-240, 243- 247, 249, 251, 253-265, 267-281,283-289,293,320, 322-326, 328, 329, 333, 335-343, 347, 349-352, 354- 360,362-389,391-403,405, 406, 408, 410-430, 432, 433, 435-443, 445-450, 452- 454, 456-459 Participatory resource man- agement 51, 52, 130 41 pigeon Islands National Park 222, 306, 342 pitons National Park 395, 454 Planning 157, 262, 410 Politics 127 Pollution 61, 266, 333 Ports 299, 253 providenciales cay 304 public Management 411 308, Puerto Rico 1, 46,47, 61, 111, 234-237, 323-325, 410 Recreation 13,. 80, 239, 248, 276, 279, 323, 347, 351, 360, 3 8 5, 3 96~ 4 5 9 Regional 14-16, 18, 48, 55, 58, 59, 89, 117, 130, 137, 154, 160,162,163,169, 179, 181, 182-187, 200, 205, 225, 241, 270, 300, 301, 3D2, 308, 361, 364, 375, 403, 404,411, 422, 448, 452 92, 281, 384, 19, 105, 155, 178, 191, 255, 307, 400, 446, PARKS AND PROTECTED AREAS BIBLIOGRAPHY Reefs 112, 212, 335, 362, 437 38, 62, 74, 75, 88, 136-138, 141, 190, 213, 233, 252, 300, 349, 353, 355, 359, 364, 365, 396, 421, Reptiles 77 Research 28, 30, 200, 253, 350, 357, 358 Resource management 4, 7, 10, 12, 13, 22-25, 29, 31, 34, 37, 41-44, 51-59, 62- 66, 68, 72, 76, 79, 80, 84- 86,88,89,93,94,96,97, 99, 102-110, 113, 115-117, 119-121, 123-126, 128-130, 133, 134, 136, 138, 140- 154, 156-158, 159, 160, 162, 163, 166, 171, 172, 176, 178, 189, 191, 192, 194, 196-198, 203-205, 211- 214, 219, 221, 224, 227, 228, 230, 240, 244-247, 254-263, 265, 267-269, 273- 275, 277-279, 282-288, 297, 299-302, 304, 305, 307, 307, 311-313, 316, 317, 319, 320, 323-325, 328-333, 337-341, 349-354, 356, 357, 360, 362-364, 366, 369-377, 379, 381-383, 385, 386, 388, 389, 391-398, 400-406, 410, 412, 414, 416-421, 423, 425, 429, 430, 432, 433, 439, 440, 442, 444- 448, 452, 453, 456-459 Rhone Marine Park 66 River Antoine 8 Rodney Bay/Gros Islet 342 Rural development 263 Saba Marine Park 425 Sailing 40, 88, 152, 153, 248, 353, 388, 445, 457 Salt ponds 38, 203, 290 42 Sand mining 203, 255 sandy cay 389 sanitation 282 Sea urchin 231 Seagrass 457 202, 359, 444, shirley Heights 209 Shoal Point Marine Park 6 Shrimps 74, 314 socioeconomics 218, 320, 427 42, 203, Sociology 162, 220, 384, 413 3, 91, 92, 229, 298, 157, 313, Soil 344 49, 177, 196, 253, Solid waste 280, 282 Soufriere 379 National Sports fishing 92 springfield Estate 402 Park st. Croix 5, 136, 138, 188, 336, 431, 449, 460 st. John 3, 4, 11 , 2 0 , 2 1 , 26, 28-30, 49, 67, 69, 71, 72, 74, 75, 78, 81-84, 100, 101,112,159,161,165, 167, 189, 190, 192, 201, 206, 210, 215, 217, 218, 223, 226, 231, 252, 253, 266,271,272,280,282, 285-287, 289-292, 296, 303, 314, 318, 321, 322, 327, 330, 334, 335, 344-350, 356-358, 360, 390, 398, 407-409, 413, 428-430, 434, 443, 444, 450, 451, 455, 460 USNPS and ISLAND RESOURCES FOUNDATION st. xi tts-Nevis 135, 250, 251, 326, 445 216, st. Lucia 91, 142, 306, 382 103, 158, 308, 51, 52, 77, 90, 104, 122, 129, 221, 222, 259, 342, 378, 379, st. Thomas 210,215,273, 274, 291, 244, 413, 450 st. Thomas National Marine sanctuary 273, 274 st. Vincent and the Grenadines 63, 164, 180, 233, 260, 383 statistics 277 Tobago Cays 164, 233 Tourism 13, 40, 62, 96, 141, 142, 149, 151, 221, 222, 238, 302, 306, 308, 333, 387, 421, 422, 446, 459 Training 267 Trinidad & Tobago 10, 99, 125,1.26,333,391,405, 406 Turks & Caicos Islands 68, 247,304,305,338 Turtles 378, 444, 460 u. s. virgin Islands 2, 3- 5, 11, 20, 21, 25-31, 34, 35, 38, 45-47, 49, 67, 69, 70-75, 78, 81-84, 97, 100, 101, 111, 112, 114, 118, 136, 138, 159, 161, 165, 167, 168, 188-190, 192, 201, 205, 210, 215, 217, 218, 223, 226, 231, 234- 237, 252, 253, 265, 266, 271-274, 276, 280, 282, 284-287, 289-292, 295, 296, 303, 314, 318, 319, 321, 322, 327, 330, 334-336, 43 344-350, 35-358, 376, 381, 390, 409, 412, 413, 434, 443, 444, 455, 459, 460 360, 368, 398, 407- 428-431, 449-451, vegetation 183, 450 14-18, 66-18, V.I. National Park 3-5, 20, 21, 25-30, 38, 40, 41, 64-66, 69, 84, 100, 131, 136, 138, 165, 168, 188- 190, 201, 202, 204, 210, 217-220, 229, 230, 253, 272, 276, 280, 282, 284- 287, 290, 294-296, 298, 318, 319, 329, 330, 334, 335, 345, 347-350, 355-360, 376, 398, 408, 409, 428- 430, 436, 449, 450, 460 Virgin Gorda 40, 42-44, 65,224,298,299,359,438 VIRMC 84, 218, 330, 398, 5, 20, 100,189, 253, 290, 334, 356, 409, 444 21, 26-30, 190, 217, 319, 329, 358, 360, waste disposal 280, 282 water resources· 34, 36, 83, 175, 239, 327, 405 watershed management 383, 409, 434 52, wildlands 268 Wildlife 77,117, 256-260, 386, 441 10, 155, 289, 69, 71-73, 159, 174, 294, 333, zoning 280, 300, 330