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66 0E-15012-61. Bulletin 1963, Na 14 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT A Progieoti Peport The First Five Years Fiscal Years 1957-61 4.1 ti 0 e SUPPLEMENT 3 4 Prepared by the Library Services Branch U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE . . . ANTHoNT J. Caummians, Secretary Office,of Educatiir . . . . . . . FRAN= Karim, Coignsissioner a 4 Foreword RESIDENT KENNEDY, in recent, National Library Week I statement, said: "Books and libraries and the will to use them are among the most important tools our Nation has to develop our powers of creative wisdom. It is, however, a fact that there is an important gap lathe availability of books and librariestoour citizens." The educational gap has been inost serious in our rural areas. An Office of Education- study, conducted in 1956, revealed that 26 million rural residents were without any public library service and that more than. MO rural counties had no public library within"their borders. According to reports from the States, an additional 50 million had only inadequate service. The Library Services Act, authorizing .an appropriation of $7.5 million annually, was passed by Congress in 1956 to stimulate the further development of public library services in rural areas under 1,000 population. These funds, allotted to the States on the basis of their rural population and matched by States on the basis of their per capita income, may be used for salaries, books and other library materials, library equipment, and other operating expenses, but not for the purchase or erection of buildings or purchase of land. This publication, the third suppleme9t to State Plans under th, Library ServiCe8 Act, contains statistical data and program summar- ies as reported by the States for the first 5 years of the act. An intro- . ductory section describes the principal activities, trends, find results of the program. The original publication in this series, issued in 1958, described the State plans as thifirst major blueprint for a State,- local-Federal cooperative program. The reports in this publication are evidence of the substantial progrets made in the further extension of librkry services to rural residents: By 1961, all of the 50 States, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands were participating in the Library Services Act. This publica- tion shbuld be of value in the assessment and critical evaluation of the program and should help the States and local communities deter- mine future goals and activities. The results to date indicate that the States and Territories through their State plans and programs, have created a firm basis for the further extension and improvement of rural public library services and have taken a major step toward the goal of developingigood public library service for all. JOHN G. Loma, Director .1tALP0 C. M. FLYwr ,Library Semites Branch Anociate Comminioner for Educational Re8earch and Development UI Previous U.S. Office of Education Bulletins on the Library Service Act U.S. Office of Education. State Plans Under the Library Services Act. U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1958. (Office of Educsation, Bul- letin 1958, No. 10) Price:130c. Summarised in this first publication are the plans and pro. grants of 36 States, submitted to, and approved by, the United States Commissioner of Education by the end of the first year of the Library' Services Act. Supplement 1. U.S. Government Printing Office, Wash- ington, D.C., 1959. (Office of Education, Bulletin 1959, No. 17) Price 35c. Includes State plans and programs of the 14 States and Territories submitting plans and programs for the first time in fiscal 1958 as well as progrants for fiscal 195$ for the 36 States who participated from the first year. Supplement 2. U.S. Government Printing Office, W D.C., aith- ington, D. , 1960. (Office of Education, BulletIn 1960, No. 276-60E-15012) Price 60c. A progress report by Individual participating State for the first three years of the Library Services Actfiscal years 1957, 1958, and 1959. Contains program accomplishments, statistical data, and an overview chapter. Iv Foreword Contents Acknowledgments_ ................ 410. am as Aup ..... Five-Year Report of Progress Organization of Library Systems, .6 Cooperative Functions or Services_ . 9 -s- _ Surveys, Studies, Research Projects 12 Recruitnient, Scholarships, and Training 14 State Standards and State Aid....... . .... 5. _ 17 Public4Information Programs -18 New State Plans 19 The Statistics 19 Program AccOmplishmentis and Statistical Summaries of the State Plans for Fiscal Years 1957-61 22 BASIC Im ABLES 1. Expenditures for extension of rural library services under.the Library Services Act by source of funds and by region and State: Each fiscal year, 1957-61 154 2. Expenditures for extension of rural library services under the Library Services Act by category of. expenditure and by region and State: Each fiscal year, 1957-61 163 3. Federal allotments and matching funds under the Library Services Act by region and State: Each fiscal year, 1957-61_ 170 4. Federal payments under the Library Services Act to partici- pating States by region and State: Each fiscal year, 1957-431___..... _ .............. ..... a__ ..... _ -4. - 172 5. Comparison of State and local funds expended in fiscal 1956 and available for 1961, for all public library services in the areas covered by the plan 173 6. Number of counties or other reporting administrative units and population receiving new or improved services under the Library Services Act by region and State: Fiscal years, 1957-61 5..5_ 174 O VI STATE PLANS UNDER .THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT 7. number of personnel added, by type, and number of book- mobiles purchused under the Library Services Act by region aid State: Fiscal yews, 1957-61 176 Bibliography of Manuals. Surveys, and Films 177 Appendix A. Public Law 597, 84th Congress'. 183 Appendii B. Public Law 864-679, 86th Congress__ _ _ _ _ 187 POW 4 CHARTS A. Expenditures under State plans by source of funds, fiscal years 1957-61 B. Expenditures under State plans by categories, fiscal years 1957-61, ...... _ _ 20 21 Acknowledgments The Office of Education expresses sincere abreciation for the cooperation of the State and Territorial library extension agencies who submitted the summary reports and statistics for this 5-year report on the Library Services Act.. ALARA MA ALASKA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CLuroaNIA COLORADO CONN tom trr I)ELAWARE FLORIDA G EI.ORG GUAM HAWAII IDAH lumfots INOUN* IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINZ MARYLAND MASSACIFI WIETTS MICHIGAN. MIN N ESOTAL MISSISSIPPI M SOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEw HAMPSHIRE NEw JERSEY ' ..... NEw MExIco Public Library Service, State of Alabama, Montgomery 5 State Library, Juneau Department of Library and Archkes, Phoenix 7 Arkansas Library Commisaion, Little Rock State Library, Sacramento State Library, Denver 8 Bureau of Library Services, State Department of Education, Hartford/ 15 Library Commission for the. State of Delawkre, Dover State Library, Tallahassee Division of Instructional Materials and Library Service, State Department of Education, Atlanta 3 Nieves M. Flores Memorial Library, Agana Library of Hawaii, Hobolulu State Library, Boise State Library, Springfield State Library, Indianapolis 4 State Traveling Library, Des Moines 19 Traveling Libraries Commission, Topeka Kentucky Department'of Libraries, Frankfort State Library, Baton Rouge §tate. Library, Augusta Division of Library Extension, State Department of Educa- tion, Baltimore 1 Division of Library Extension, State Department of Educa- ..,Alon, Boston 16 State Library, Lansing 13 Library Division, State Department of Education, St. Paul 1 Mississippi Library Commission, Jackson 1 State Library, Jefferson City State Library Commission, Missoula Public Library Commission.; Lincoln 9 State Library, Carson City State Library, Concord Division of the State Library, Archives and History, State Dephrtment of EduCation, Trenton 25 State Library, Santa Fe A VU VIE STATE NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSUVANIA 4crEirro Rico RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGIN ISLANDS tIRflINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING FLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT State Library, Department of Education, Albany 1 State Library, Raleigh State Library Commission, Bismarck State Library, Columbus 15 State Library, Oklahoma City 5 State Library, Salem State Library, Department of Public Instruction, Harris- burg Ser,vice to Libraries Division, Department of Education, Car- negie Library Building, San Juan Public Library Services in Rural Areas, Providence 8 State Library Board, Columbia 1 State Library Commission, Pierre Public Libraries Division, State Library and Archives, Nashville 3 State Library, Austin 11 State Library, Salt Lake City 2 Free Public Library Commission, Montpelier Division of Libraries and Museums, Department of Educa- tion, Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas State Library, Richmond 19 State Library, Olympia Library Commission, Charleston Free Library Commission, Madison 2 State Library, Cheyenne a Members of the advisory committee to the Commissioner on the library services program of the U.S. Office of Education have been very helpful in connection with problems in .the administration of the Library Services Act. Committee members who have served since the publication of Sup- plement of State Plan8 Under the Library Service's Act, include Dr. Lester E. Asheim, director, International Relations Office, Amer- ican Library Association; Verner IV. Clapp, president, Council on Library Resources, Inc.; Dr. Robert B. Downs, director, Graduate School of Library Science and dean, Library Administration, Uni- versity of Illinois; Miss Mary V. Gayer, professor, Graduate School of Library Service, Rutgers University; Harold S. Hacker, director, Rochester Public Library and the Monroe County Library System, New York; Dr. Robert D. Leigh (deceased), former dean emeritus, School of Library Service, Columbia University; Dr. Richard H. Logsdon, director, Columbia University Library; Mr. Roger H. McDonough, director,_ Division of the State Library, Archives and History, Department of Education, State of New Jersey; Dr. Ed-ward A. Wight, professor of librarianship, University of California; and Mrs. Raymond A. Young, former president, American Association of Library Trustees. 0 Five -Year Report of Progress THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT,1 signed into law in 1956, was originally. fanned its a 5year's: program scheduled to terminate on June 30, 1961. This time limit plus the requirement that each State prepare a comprehensive State plan for the use of LSA funds combined, to creatb a real sense of urgency to the implementation of the act. The ability of the States to act .quickly and plan effectively toward "the .further .extension of public library services .to rural areas" is sharply revealed by.the summary reports from the States contained in this publication. These reports are included here witfi- out substantial change from the original text so that, the successes and failures, the hopes and disappointments, and the originality and in- genuity of the States will be communicated to the reader by those; who 'actually did the job. In August 1960, Congress amended the Library Services Act to extend the program for 5 years to June 30, 1966. This publication, therefore, instead of being a final report of progress under the act, is an interim review of developments. Some of the reports evaluate the current status of library development in terms of the past 5 years and project future needs, activities, and programs on this basis. Others reveal an imaginative and creative attack on persistent library problems. All show some degree of flexibility in adaptirig to the particular characteristics within a specific State. A few reports describe some traditional. activities which are not well designed to meet the library needs of our rapidly growing and dynamically changing society. These 5-year summaries reveal the significant quantitative achieve- ments made by the States under their State plans. There are three frequently mentioned accomplishments which .will continue to exert a profound influence on long-range public liNsiiiry development: The basic strengthening of the resources and services of State library extension agencies; the comprehensive pattern of professional and 1 The Library Services Act (P.L. 597, 84th Cong.) .70 Stat. 2911, 20 U.S.C. Ch. 16. Guam included by P.L. 896, 84th Cong., 70 Stat. 991.c. Program amended and extended for 5 years by P.L. 86-6791 74 Stat. 571-2. American Samoa has been made eligible under the program by P.L. 87-6148,,16 Stat. 586, Sept. 25, 1962. For full texts of P.L. 84-597 andiP.L. 86-679, see p.,183-187. 2 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT nonprofessional library training activities; and the creation of a new and enlarged concept by, a vast number of people of the role which a good public library can play in the life of every citizen. This in- creased recognitionby citizens, voters, elected officials, and library usersof the present and potential value of good public library serv- ices may come to be regarded as the most significant single result of the LibraryServices Act up to this time. Each of the State plans has devoted some portion of the program to various activities which could be described as "strengthening the State Library agency." These activities include: Employing additional State library personnel ; acquiring additional books and other library materials for State library collections; providing personnel, books, and equipment for demonstration programs; and increasing the quantity, quality, and effective distribution of informational publica- tions related to the State's library development program. These and related projects have unquestionably improved the re- sources and services available directly from State library agencies. An a-chievement. of greater significance, however, is that the Library Services Act program has been an important factor in making it possi- ble for many States to carry out more adequately their leadership role in extending and improving public library services. State library extension agencies have been the prime movers in Library Services Act projects such as demonstrating county and multicounty library orga- nization; encouraging the extension of library service by contract from existing libraries; promoting or establishing centralized refer- ence services and centralized technical processing operations: coordinating interlibrary loans; cooperative acquisition and joint storage of library materia00, film circuit systems, and other coopera- tive practices; establishing scholarship and other training programs: and sponsoring or conducting surveys and research projects. Each of these specific projects is one component in a total program of good,library service, tailored to meet the particular needs of a State and its local areas. Each of these 5-year summaries is a study of an individual State plan in action a4d each one -testifies to the effectiveness of the Library Services Act and to the viability of the State plan. Every State is able to report considerable success; every State has also had some failures, set-backs, and obstacles. The most persistent of the tangible obstacles has been the severe and chronic shortage of trained and experienced library personnel. Several States refer to this pioblem,which, in at least three instances, has seriously retarded progress in implementing the State plan. Scholarships, intensified recruitment, job simplification, improved compensation plans and training programs have all attempted to ;3 FIVE-TEAR REPORT OF PROGRESS provide the needed staff support; but the problem is still very much in evidence. Other objective impediments to library progress which have been reported include insufficient funds, obsolete or cumbersome library laws, and the difficulties connected with serving sparsely pop- ulated areas of large size. Although these tangible difficulties have been, and continue to be serious, they have tended to yield more readily to attack by the States than have the intangible obstacles. Because these problems involve personal attitudes and prejudices, they are much more difficult to measure and to overcome. The three most commonly mentioned are the indifference toward library improvement shown by some librarians and library board members, as well as some of the citizens they serve; a sense of complacency with existing, inadequate service ; and suspicion or hostility toward cooperative activities which seem to threaten local autonomy. Most States have recognized that these attitudes exist largely be- cause of inadequate information about the role of the modern public library and because of insufficient experience with the operation of a cooperative library system. Those States which have been most suc- cessful in coping with these attitudes have done so through consultant visits, Governor's conferences and similar educational activities, and through well-planned demonstrations. Several States have produced 16 mm. films describing good public library services and showing how a cooperative approach can be mutually beneficial to existing libraries serving a given area. The public information programs of some State plans have been designed to create an accurate image of the library and to motivate citizens, trustees, and librarians toward work- ing together in improving their facilities. The successful library demonstrations have dramatically illustratedthe willingness of the voter to support good libraries when he has been convinced of their valueto him and to his family. The States have begun to make substantial gains in overcoming -these and related handicaps and even more rapid progress may be expected during the second 5 years of the program. In at least one State where the pattein of cooperation is well established, the problem has been described as one of motivating continued improvement and progress toward long-range goals. A bookmobile rolling down a country road, bringing public library books to children and adults for the first time, has an undeniable emotional appeal. Far less dramatic, but even more important, howeveir, is the job of organizing rural public library service in such a may that the full range of modern library facilities becomes availaVe to each .user of that bookmobile. 4 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT Preliminary data for 1961 indicate that more than 16 million rural residents had no legal access to local public libiary service and that an additional 49 million rural people had only inadequate service. At leut 94 States refer in their State plans to the American Library Association public library standards as a determining factor in defin- ing "inadequate" services. Yet only in a limited number of States have the various LSA projects, including demonstrations of county or multicounty service, been conducted at a level of quality compara- ble to those set forth by national standards. This use of LSA funds to create substandard library service for people who have had no library services can be justified only if continuing conscious effort is made to move these projects toward adequacy. In many States the first 5 years of the Library Services Act were used to construct the organizational framework which would make substantial qualitative growth possible. A task of crucial importance during the next 5 years is to make this potential a reality. A contributing factor to the difficulty of establishing and maintain- ing high standards of quality for LSA projects has been the limita- tion in the law to improvement and development of public library service in rural areas only. Several State plans point out the economy and efficiency which could be obtained by building rural systems on strong existing libraries, nearly all of which are in places of over 10,000 population. Because these urban libraries are ineligible for benefits under the act, they have had little incentive to participate in an extension program. Some States have therefore undertaken less promising but legally eligible projects. The typical pattern of such projects has been the creation of library systems out of political components each one of which was under 10,000 population, but which, taken together, had a- population and tax base capable of using and supporting pod library service. In looking back over a 5-year effort to implement State plans, it seems clear that while many persistent problems remain troublesome, they are now more clearly defined and more thoroughly understood by the State library agencies and their solution is being found in well-designed, systematic library development programs. These 5- year reports give a reasonably clear picture of some of the general trends which now prevail and they also provide some insight into present and future needs. Perhaps the most apparent trend is that the State library agency in many States will continue to exert au increasing degree of influence on the development of public library service& Indications of this trend are not always present in each of the following reports, but those which recur frequently include the following : Greater and more FIVE -.TEAR REPORT bF PROGRESS 5 effeetive use by local libfaries of the increased resources and services of the Mate library; closer_ and k more productive working relation- ships with -Stake library associations, library trustee associations, and other educationNa agencies and organizations at the State level ; better mutual understanding between the State library and governmental officials at the State and local leiels; in some States, a sharp increase in the quantity and scope of direct services to library users from the State library; a'gradual increase in the authority of the State library to establish and to enforce standards for local public libraries; and closer relationships with libraryschools and other university depart- ments in the areas of study and research, training programs, and recruitment activities. These reports also reflect the increased willingness of the State agencies to assume added, more intensive, or less temporary, respon- sibilities. To some extent, these responsibilities have been assumed by the States because of the rural limitation in the act. The States were quick to see the dangers in merely combining weak libraries, yet they were often unable to include the stronger urban libraries as full partners in the development of library systems. This meant that the State agency had to provide the basic core of materials, administra- tive services, and personnel required for any substantial qualitative development. In some areas, the State did this on a temporary basis in the form of a terminal demonstration program; in others, this function is being conducted on a continuing basis. In, either case, the relative influence in the development program of the State library agency has been heightened. The obvious advantages to general library development in such a strengthening of the State library agency are unquestionable, but the reports also reveal at least two sources of risk. One is that rural and urban, public libraries will tend to become too highly compart- mentalized with the State agency becoming exclusively identified with rural service to the neglect of urban libraries. Related to this risk is the possibility of developing facilities for rural library projects which duplicate unnecessarily and uneconomically the collection, staff skills, and equipment of nearby urbin libraries. This kind of division, if allowed to develop, would inhibit progress toward a broad-scale co- operative network of library resources as envisioned by the national standards. A second risk is that these activities by the State agency will establish functions prematurely at the State level which might better be developed at local or regional levels, perhaps with partial State financial suppoit, and with greater participation by the urban libraries in the region. An example of this second potential risk is the State-operated library system headquarters or regional branch v 6 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT which will not be closely integrated with the libraries it. dries to serve. Unless these local libraries have a sharp sense of identity with such centers, at both the policy and operational level, the services tend to be regarded as a separttte and probably temporary "fringe benefit." Libraries which do not feel that they are participating as partners in this kind of activity are.not likely to use it fully or to work for act ire public acceptance and support of such a center. The original 5year time limit on the Library Services Act and the relatively small amounts of money provided, in addition to the rural limitation, were the major contributing factors to the kinds of State agency activities described here.. The State-administered service centers described' in these reports seem most 'soundly functional in those areas where a small population is widely scattered or where there are many small independent libraries in an area without an urban center. The 11 regional libraries in Tennessee are useful examples of how State-administered centers can secure maximum local particia- tion in working together to achieve standards. The State-operated centers in Michigan, Illinois, and Ohio illustrate the various patterns of service to a number of small, independent libraries. The concepts of strengthening the State library agency as revealed by the reports pervade nearly all LSA activity and they deserve care- ful study by the reader. The general patterns of activity described briefly below are based on the 5-year summaries and on other reports by the States. Although many of the projects are comprehensive library development programs, it may be helpful in observing major trends to consider some examples of a tt:ties in the following cate- gories: Organization of library systems; cooperative functions or services; public information programs; surveys, studies, and research : personnel recruitment and training programs; and State standards and State rants-in-aid. Organization of Library Systems A significant proportion of LSA activity has been devoted to the development of library systems organized in such a way that efficient and economical service is available to all residents of an area. The three most important methods used to accomplish this goal have been the projects demonstrating good system operation, the establishment of State-operated system headquarters, and the encouragement and support offered to localities which initiate and develop such improved services. FIVE-YEAR REPORT OF PROGRESS 7 The third method has been successfully employed in New York State which reports that 550 public libraries in 60 counties are now participating in 22 public library systems chartered by the State Board of Regents. Aimed at reaching American Library Associa- tion national standards, the development of these systems has been encouraged by State grants-in-aid. The amounts of these grants are based on a formula whidh considers such factors as the number of people to be served, the geographic size of the system, the number of counties participating and the existing library resources in the area to be served. Minnesota and Missouri have also reported success in securing a high degree of local participation and support by localities through the establishment of county and regional libraries during the early stages of planning development programs. An outstanding example of a successful demonstration program is provided by the Columbia River Regional Library in Washington. Designed to offer a full range of library services, this project covered the five counties of Chelan, Douglas, Ferry, Grant, and Okanogan, a total area of 15,000 square miles. Service to the 92,000 residents began in June 1958, and in 1960 the voters established the program as a library district, now named the North Central Regional Library. Oklahoma, Utah, Louisiana, Texas, and Nebraska are among the 42 States which engaged in demonstration programs. Oregon reports a multicounty project and South Carolina's Aiken-Barnwell-Edge- field Regional Library began its fourth and last demonstration year with aid from the State. The tricounty New Jersey, demonstration covering Cumberland, Gloucester, and Salem Counties, and a six- county library defelopment demonstration in Wisconsin also continued during most of the report period. The most active involvement of the State library agency in local development projects has been through the establishment of State- operated system headquarters or regional branched. The Ohio State Library now has two library service centers which have been referred to as "libraries for libraries." The Napoleon Center serves 31 libraries in 10 counties in the northwestern part of the State and the Southwestern Regional Library Services Center located in Caldwell serves an eight-county area. An interesting development in Ohio has been the "spot" bookmobile service, offered by the State library to any community in the State which will contract to purchase the service. Contracts are in effect on a year-to-year basis and the cost is based on the number and duration of the stops to be made. The .pattern of seiviees- offered by the Ohio Centers, including supplementary book loans, inservice training activities, interlibrary 8 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT loan, reference and information services, and consultant advice, can also be found in several other reports. The Southern Illinois Re- gional Library, located in Carbondale, serves 34 counties and a similar center in De Kalb, the Northern Illinois Regional Library, serves 17 count.ies. The Carbondale headquarters is on the campus of Southern Illinois University and the library extension program there has been closely identified frith the community development activities of the university. In Connecticut, 6vo centers located in East Hartford and Middletown serve a comparable function. Because of Rhode Island's compact area, the .State library extension agency, called Public Library Services in Rural Areas, is able to supplement the resources and services of rural libraries throughout the State from its headquarters in Providence. In the implementation of their newly developed Statewide Plan for Public Library Service, Michigan is using a technique which has features of both a demonstration and a State-operated service. The Upper Peninsula Branch at Escanaba and the headquarters of the State Library at Lansing both work closely to give maximum support to local developments. The West Central Library Project in White Cloud which serves six counties 1pts been called a "partial demonstra- tion" and its program includes ch system services as a film circuit, reciprocal borrowers privileges, and tralized processing. An example of less direct State pa . ion in the regional pat- tern of development can be found in West Virginia where the program has been one of activating or supplementing and strengthening the services of local libraries in a network of 14 regions which cover the State. , Both the preparatory activities and the demonstrations by the State agency have been conducted with reference to the overall statewide plan. California provides an outstanding example of a federation of libraries to improve and expand services in the North Bay Coopera- tive, covering all or parts of Napa, Lake, Marin, Mendocino, Solano, and Sonoma counties. This system was organized through contrac- tual agreements among the 14 participating libraries and is being financed with LSA funds under the California State plan. The federation has no single headquarters location, but member libraries have assumed various responsibilities. The Sonoma County Library perforins centralized processing; the Petaluma Library is serving as a' depository for lesser used materials; and other member libraries have undetaken some subject specialization in their acquisition of materials. The cooperative is under the policy guidance of a Coun- cil composed of representatives from the member libraries and is ad- ministered by a coordinator .chosen by the Council. A specialist in FIVE-YEAR REPORT OF PROGRESS 9 library service to children has been employed to serve as a consultant to member libraries and to conduct inservicei training programs. An interesting approach to cooperative services is provided by the root Tact. between the Maryland State Library and the Enoch Pratt Fret; Library of Baltimore. Under the terms of this agreement, the State reimburses the Enoch Pratt Library for certain book services to library users throughout the State. Although, this has not been financed with LSA funds under the Maryland State plan, it dem- onstrates a useful method of building the extension of service to small libraries and to individuals without local service by using a strong existing collection. Some of the historical materials formerly held in the State Library collection were turned over to the Enoch Pratt. Free Library; most of the juvenile books were distributed to local libraries, and the adult books were made available in the form of incentive grants to county libraries which agreed to undertake the cooperative use of the materials. Basic to any program of library system organization and develop- ment is a modern and flexible body of State law authorizing the establishment. and support of library services.. Pennsylvania has achieved a complete codification and revision of its State laws affect- ing libraries; New Jersey is currently working on suitable revisions including a provision for the establishment regional libraries; and Oregon has enacted major revisions in their enabling legislation. These few examples of library system organization are amplified throughout the State reports. The impressive progress which the States have made can be clearly seen by comparing these reports with the earlier issues of State Plant Under the Library Services Act. Many of these developments which were new ideas in the first pub- lication and its first supplement became ongoing projects in supple- ment 2 and now are firmly established as part of the library resources of the State. These reports of progress are oriented toward results. For the most part, the results have been mature and sound library service organizations. bti Cooperative Functions or Services Another pervasive element throughout LSA programs has been the philosophy of cooperation as an essential ingredient for improv- ing and extending existing library services. All of the demonstra- tions listed above as well as the other patterns of system development contained in the reports have as a common element the cooperative approach to better service. Most of the following examples of coop- 4187-4142 10 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT erative activity are, in effect, components of library system organize- lion, but their relative importance in the success of the LSA program deserves separate consideration. One of the major activities of a library that lendsfitself most readily to cooperative accomplishment is the acquisition of materials and their preparation for use. Usually termed "centralized processing," this function may include such operations as "book ordering, ma-. loging, classification, catalog card duplication, preparation of book cards and pockets, lettering the spine, and applying a plastic jacket. It is obviously repetitious for every independent library to do all of these routine operations separately even if each had trained staff and unlimited time. By centralizing them tasks, many LSA projects have been able to obtain a volume of work which makes the use of mass-production machine methods economically feasible. In close connection with some of the centralized processing projects, many States have included workshops for the participating libraries on such subjects as book selection, adult services, and reference and informatiOn services. The Southwestern Wisconsin processing cen- ter, now operating with partial local support, is among the centers which provide these and related activities. In New Hampshire, 32 independent libraries are now depositing their book funds into a single account Mich administered by the treasurer. Each library has absolute control over the selection of specific itlee and the increased purchasing power through higher discounts helps stretch the book birdgets of all the participating libraries. Coop- eration among the members of this group is growing to include book selection meetings, the sharing of less frequently needed titles, and reciprocal borrowers' privileges. In Minnesota, the Anoka County Library does the technical processing for the nearby.DakotawScott Regional Library and, in Ohio, any library in the State may use the custom cataloging services of the center in Columbus which is operated by the State Library. The Idaho and North Carolina State Libraries are also among those which perform centralized processing for libraries in the State. The Northwest. Montana Federation of Libraries, one of three cooperative systems now operating in the State, offers centralized py6cessing and, in Nebraska, the South Central Regional Library with headquarters in Holdrege performs a book repair service for the libraries in that area. Although it may be said that the operation of centralized process- ing projects is not yet fully developed, many have achieved a high level of operating efficiency with a. close accounting of unit costs. A result equal in importance to the service itself is the practical FIVEI-TEAR REPORT OF PROGRESS everience in cooperation which centers have p;ovided. This experi- ence has led .to additional cooperative activities on a broader scale with a substantial improvement in the quantity and quality of library Services available to library users. There is evidence in the reports of increasing importance being attached to centralizing reference, research, and information services. The Denver Tri-County Reference Project uses the idea of reimburs- ing a strong existing library for the extension of its services. The Denver Public Library, under contract with the State Library, serves as the major reference resource for 10 participating libraries. The service includes providing answers to specific inquiries as well as the interlibrary loan of materials to meet subject r.equests. The San Joaquin 'Valley Information Service, located in the Fresno County Free Library, performs a similar function for 10 libraries in a 6- eounty area and also conducts inservice training programs for the personnel of the participating libraries. In many States where reference servicesare part of an USA project, teletype communication is being used more extensively than ever befom Eleven rural library systems in New York State are linked to each other and to the State Library, and this method of transmit ling requests and receiving information is also in use 'by the regional libraries in Illinois, the North Bay Cooperative 'in California, the Nevada State Library, and the Missouri Bibliographic Center. Ei- perience in New York and Missouri indicatei that the publishing of printed catalogs of materials available on interlibrary loan is an important factor in securing maximum use of teletype equipment. New York reports an average unit cost of 30 cents per interloan item. Illinois reports that their equipment is also used to good advantage in transmitting administrative information to the regional libraries/ The cooperative use of audiovisual materials continues to be an effective LSA activity in many State plans. The central pool of phonograph recordings at the Iowa Traveling Library is used inten- sively by libraries throughout the State. Some of the film circuit operations ari statewide, as in Illinois and Montana, and others are operated as parts of demonstration programs or regional centers u in Minnesota and New York. The Ohio library service centers make nonmusical recordings available as part of their interlibrary loan 'collection. Three New England StatesMaine, New Hampshire, and Vermonthave cooperated to form a tristate film service. Each State agency deposits films into a central pool collection administered by the University of New Hampshire. The rural libraries in each contributing State may then borrow films without rental charges up to the value of the films which have been deposited. 12 EITATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT A promising, but not yet fully developed, cooperative activity is the use of a statewide library card. Ohio, Michigan; and California have begun to study the possibilities of this service and a pilot project to test the feasibility and finawing of such a service is being planned in Michigan. As conceived, by one State, the registration for such a card would be administered by the State library and provision would be made for reimbursement to those libraries honoring the card. At least in the initial stages of implementing the plan, the cards would be issued to a limited number of serious library users having special needs. Two other cooperative ventures which some States have considered , exploring are intersystem cooperative relationships and interstate compacts for library service& general, the reports indicate that both State and local libraries are becoming more comfortable In a climate of cooperation and that many of the tentative early efforts have provided encouraging experience on which to build more com- plex and more comprehensive arrangements Survey), Studies, Research Projects A significant trena beginning to emerge during thy' last 2 years of the report period can be noted bo the increased emphasis being placed on research into the problems of rural library devehipment. The establishment of the Library Research Center at the University of Illinois under a contract with the Illinois State Library is perhaps the most compreheniive involvement of a State agency in research activities up to the present time. The Illinois State Library has invited other Midwestern States to participate in the center and this possibility is now under consideration. Research topics studied by the center include such aspects of library development as local public library financing, voter reaction to library referenda, and newspaper coverage of public libraries. In 1960, Dr. Mary Lee Bundy, former Director of the Library Research Center, published a detailed analysis of the attitudes and opinions of Illinois farm families toward libraries and their develop- ment. As part of a comprehensive statewide study in Missouri, the same author has conducted research and evaluation of that State's inservice trkining activities and the Missouri centralized processing operations. During 1961, Missouri was making plans for a study in depth of the values attached to library publicity using the tech- niques of motivational research: This investigation will be carried FIVE-YEAR REPORT OF PROGRESS 13 out by the University of Missouri under contract with the Missouri' . State Library. At about the same time, Minnesota was planning a careful study of &hilt services potential of a rural library system. Using both a questionnaire and an interview technique, the study will be conducted by the University of Minnesota and financed by the State. 'agency with ISA. funds. In 1961 Wisconsin issued a survey entitled; Facing the 60's: The Public Library in Wisconsin which analyzes the 4110,ntity and quality of existing . services in that.,State. Sponsored by the Wisconsin Free Library' Ccfrminission, the survey was conducted by the Bureau of Government of the University of Wisconsin. A similar .tigency, the Department of Govflrnment of the University of New Hampshire, began a survey of library conditions throughout the State in ON and published a report in 1961. The New Hampshire survey, financed RS part .of the LSA State plan, includes a number of specific COMM- Iiiendations relating to library developmen%in the State including the building of federations of libraries and various types of inter- library cooperative activities. The Governor's Study of Public and School Libraries in the State of ffatkiaii, by Robert D. Leigh, was published in 1960. The foliowinfc year a jtudv of the processing operations of the Library of Hawaii was undertaken by Maurice Tauber. Other examples of studies and surveys financed wholly or partially with LSA funds include: State-- wide surveys in Tennessee, Nevada, Kentucky, and Nebraska ; manage- ment surveys of State library operations in Oregon and Missouri; and surveys of specific library service areas conducted byState library agencies in such States ae Michigan, Connedicut, Mississippi, and Missouri. The increased participation by State library agencies in survey and research activity may be partly attributed to the availability of LSA funds for strengthening their resources and facilities. The addition of consultants and field workers has made it possible for the -States to work more intensively with local libraries and to define with greater clarity additional reserach needed as a basis for informed decision-making. An equally important factor is that LSA funds have made possible, in some cases for the first time, expenditures for both basic and applied library research. The research projects noted here, particularly those conducted by Illinois and Missouri, are often of particuiftr. helpin evaluating spe- cific efforts to develop and extend libiary setivices. Continued efforts to analyse prevailing attitudes toward library projects will Make it possible for the States to design more effective techniques for the extension and improvement of library services. 14 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT By the end of the report period tik amount of competent libriry research produced was still small in relation to the needs. Differences in attitudes between one section of the country and another, however, already began to emerge. One Illinois report indicated several nega- tive reactions by farmers to the use of bookmobiles in rural areas. In New York a more limited survey of 200 bookmobile users hi a demon- stration area indicated that the majority did not use any public library prior to the introduction of the bookmobile. An additional finding was that more than half of the adult users also select juvenile books for their children while visiting the unit. Rasearch results such as these may be applied by the States within the context of their knowl- edge and experience in order to base future activities on a more realistic understanding of the situation and thereby increase the pros- ptpcts for success. Recruitment, Scholarships, and Training At the close of this report period, 16 States had scholarship pro- grams as part of their State Plans: Arkansas, California, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, 4ichian, Missouri, New York, North Caro- lina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Virginia, and Wisconsin. Other States, including. Alabama, North Dakota, and Oregon, were actively planning similar programs for future years. In California the scholarship plan includes funds for a graduate level fellowship for research by a doctoral candidate. The Pennsylvania library law authorizes the State library to em- ploy up ,to 25 library traineee`each year with the understanding that persons selected will attend an approved library school and earn a master's degree in library service. Recipients are placed on the State payroll and they agree. to work in the State library during that part of the first year which is not spent in actual class attendance. During the 'second and third years they agree either to continue employment in the State library or to accept a position in a Pennsylvania public library giving service to rural areas. The States offering scholarships for graduate library training re- port varying degrees of success in recruiting sufficient 'numbers of qualified applicants. South Carolina provides an excellent example of successful recruitment in the Junior and Senior Intern Program. Dur- ing 1961, 11 junior interns were employed in 10 of the State's library systems; and 4 professionally trained librarians who were formerly senior interns began employment in county library systems. FIVE-YEAR REPORT OF PROGRESS 15 Inservice training activities, in one form or another, have been part of the State plan activities in each State. Those which have been formalized to meet nonprofessional certification requirements have frequently been developed in collaboration with colleges or universi- ties. Michigan offers four $500 scholarships annually for attendance at a two-summer library aide program given at the Perris Institute. Pennsylvania has a comprehensive sequence of inservice training courses called the Public Library .4dm;nharator8 Round Table. Part of this project consists of eight 2-hour sessions which are conducted by a faculty member of the Drexel Institute of Technology. Wiscon- sin and Minnesota have similar arrangements for providing free tuition phis a small amount for books to persons attending courses in library science administered by the Extension Divisions of the State 1Tni versifies. In addition to providing 10 graduate scholarship grants in 1961, New York. State reported that 446 persons successfully completed courses in the Community Librarians Training Program and that 100 .persons attended the 1961 workshop for board members and staff mem- ers of library -systems. The Community Librarians Training Program consists of four 21/2 -hour class sessions taught in each of 10 centers throughout the State.. New Jersey offered a series of five -hour training classes which were sponsored cooperatively by the Stale Library, Rutgers University, the New Jersey Library Associi- it ion, and the Library Trustees Association. Reports of informal conferences, workshops, and institutes on both a statewide and regional basis may be found in nearly every State. Governor's conferences for librarians and/or trustees and 1- or 2-day workshops have both been widely used by the States to study and discuss questions relating to library development. West Virginia has held two statewide workshops for both librarians and trustees. Ala-, barna held its second workshop for community librarians in 1961 with the University of Alabama as a cosponsor. Alaska reports successful regional inservice training programs and among the other States with similar activities are Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Illinois, Kansas, Massachusetts, Nevada, Tennessee, Vermont, and Wyoming. 'hese efforts by the States to improve library services at the local level through systematic educational programs for librarians and trustees will probably have a cumulative effect on the ability and job performances of those who participate. Many States indicate that the values of these activities does not lie solely in the content of a specific workshop. Also of significant benefit is the coming together from all parts of a State or region people concerned with public library service in order to share mutual problems and experiences, to 16 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT test new ideas, to become familiar with other libraries and their opera- tion, and to have the opportunity of exploring cooperative methods of achieving better service. As more and more of these participants became more aware of the potential role of the modern public library, more rapid progress toward attaining library services of high quality may be expected. Conference and workshop activity has also taken placesunder the Library Services Act, at the multi-State and national levels. Early in the 1957 fiscal year the Library Services Branch held meetings in Washington, D.C.; Nashville, Tenn.; Sacramento, Calif.; and Kansas City, Mo.; to develop regulations under which the act would be administered. Two representatives from each State and Territory were invited to participate in discussions with representatives from the Office of Education and the Office of the General Counsel of the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. At periodic intervals since these sessions, conferences and consultations have been scheduled by the branch with members of State library agencies, usually in conjunction with the annual conferences or the midwinter meetings of the American Library Association. Several State library agencies have also met on a regional basis to share experiences in implementing State plans and to evaluate progress under the act. Some or all of the Midwestern States of Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin have met an- nually, each time with a different State as host., since November 1957. The Executive Secretary of the American Association of State Librar- ies and a representative froriiithe .1ibrary Services Branch have also attended these meetings. In April 1957, the State library agencies of New York State and the six New England States as well as t4 State library associations sent representatives to the Eighth Annual \ Extension Librarians meeting in Concord, N.H. The program for\,this meeting was devoted to plans and procedures for participating LSA. The Western States Library Extensioi Conference held its first an- nual meeting to discuss State plans and \l \programs under the Library Services Act in 1959. Invitations to atttnd each meeting have gone to the State library agencies in Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevida, New Mexico, . North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Wash- ington, and Wyoming. These and related group activities on the part of State extension personnel have done much to dissemtnate widely and rapidly the experiences of the various States under the program. The opportu- nity provided by these meetings for continuous evaluation of the r FIVE-YEAR REPORT OF PROGRESS 17 relat ive success of the program has also been used to good advantage by several States. State Standards and State Aid The Library Services Act. provides funds for the further extension of public library services to rural areas which have "inadequate" serv- ices as well as to those rural areas which are entirely without service. The determination of specific rural areas having service defined as inadequate" was made by the States and the criteria for such deter- mination were included as part of the State plan. For the most part, State or national 2 library standards, or a special combination of the two, were used for this purpose. Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Nfinnesota, and .Wisconsin are among the States which refer to national standards as criteria while Alabama, Arizona, Missouii, North Da- kota, and Texas use special standards adopted for use in`each State. By the end of the report period several other States, among them Nebraska, Wisconsin, and Wyoming, had begun plans for the devel- opment of State standards. Some State standards are not comprehensive and consist of little more than modest requirements for eligibility to receive State grants- in -aid. Almost without. exception, States making grants to local libraries have established some minimum criteria for eligibilty,4sually, in terms of hours open, per capita local support, personnel cettifica- tion, or similar quantitative measures. By continuing to meet or exceed such requirements, the local library then is qualified to receive State funds. It can be said that Stite standards and State greants- in-aid go hand in hand. Without a financial incentive, State sffand- ards would not be widely implemented ; without criteria for eligibility, State aid would not be allocated with maximum effectiveness. The different uses to which State grants-in-aid may be applied' do aot seem to have been fully exploited in most States having gript programs. The major purposes of such financial assistance to local libraries seem to be supplementing the amounts available from locally collected tax revenues and helping to equalize the local tax burden among communities with differing abilities to support library pro- grams of even minimum adequacy. Relatively little use of State grant funds has been made for such purposes as stimulating addi- tional services, encouraging experimentation or pilot projects relating a A Library Association. Public Libraries Division. Coordinating Committee on Revision of bite Library Standards. Panic Library Service: A Guide to Evalwatios with Minimum Etiligdords. Chicago. American Library Association, 1951. Supplement: Coats If Pobido Library Service is 19111. Chicago, American Library Association, 1960. I$ STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SICRVICES ACT to new types of library service, promoting the establishment of larger and more effective library service areas, and motivating local effo5t to move systematically toward service of higher quality. In June 1961, cash grant programs were in existence in 27 States: Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Ken- tucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mis- sissippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, and Washington. The grant programs now in effect in Colorado, Florida, Massachusetts, Min- nesota, New Jersey, and Oregon were enacted during this report period. Authorizing legislation for the Florida program was passed by the State legislature late in 1961, but no appropriation was made during that fiscal year. Alabama, Georgia, and Tennessee make State grants to local libraries in forms other than cash. In addition to authorizing appropriations for payments to locali- ties, Massachusetts includes funds for the organization of regional public library systems. The Pennsylvania library code authorizes the State library to promulgate regulations for the administration of grant funds, including the establishment of standards. Public Information Programs , A vital element in the various LSAT projects has been the programs limed at increasing the awareness by the public of the value of good public library services and how the individual can use these resources for his personal benefit. A review of the successful demonstrations reported by the States shows that each one had a systematic plan for keeping the public fully informed as an integral part of the project. A unique example of a cooperative public information project was the collaboration of the six New Enffland States in the production of a film entitled, The Day the Books Went Blank which describes the operation of a library system. Alaska reports a successful year- long series of 15-minute radio program0 devoted to the values of books and reading and the use of library services. A South Dakota film entitled, The Open Door, was produced to dramatize library develop- ment in that State, and Missouri has produced two filmstrips with accompanying phonograph recordings to explain the operation of s regional library. Similar films p uced under State plans have been reported in the earlier editions of t is publication. Radio, television, and newspapers halm all been effectively used by many of the demonstration projects. The preparation and distribu- FIVE-YEAR REPORT OF PROGRESS 19 lion of special booklists has been an important service of many of the regional libraries, The New Hampshire contract with a profes- sional public relations firm has continued to be successful, not only in the direct preparation of informational materials, but also in help- ing local libraries to do a better job in interpreting their services to the public. Using the services of a publicist., Michigan has issued a wide variety of attractive and useful brochures and pamphlets on library organization in that State. Many State libraries use the annual report submitted to the Library Services Branch as the basis for a report .to theirowprogress n State on the p of library development. At least three States have expanded on the 5-year summary contained in this volume and reproduced it for wide distribution. or New State Plans Previous editions of State Planer Under the Library Servim Act have included the general aims and policies, the methods of adininis- itration, and the initial programs as defined in each approved State 'pjan. Three States have begun *participation in the LSA program since the publication of the last supplement: Delaware on July 1, 1959; Indiana on March 1; 1961 ; and Wyoming on July 1,195A. Out- lines of the approve51 plans for each of these States have been ap- pended to the summary report published in this volume. The Statistics The statistical summaries follow each State report. Tables 1 through 7 and charts A and B which give State, regional, and national data provide impressive documentation of the impact of the Library Services Act. 'Thirty-six million rural people now have either new or improved public library services available to them. Approxi- mately 115 rural counties and more than 120 New England towns formerly without any public libraries are now receiving library serv- ice. More than 8 million books and other library materials have been added to the resources of rural libraries. About 300 ivokmobiles purchased under the program are helping to make library llections more conveniently available to rural residents. Highlighting the partnership aspect of the Library Se ices Act is the fact that, in most cases, State and local gove nts are continuing their efforts to support good libraries. Since 19 6, State 20 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES AC!` appropriations for the development of rural public library service increased 75 percent and local funds for the same purpose increased 60 percent since that date. The 115 field consultants employed under State plans have been a highly important factor in making possible the progress described in the State reports. Chart A.-Expenditures under State plans by source of funds, fiscal years 1951 -61 Millions of dollars 16 14 12 10 8 6 $15 268 464 . ID Local $1 Federal State $11. 910 $10 860 304 4 0 1 $4,373,826,0 tt 11 11 1951 1958 1959 1960 1961. The many positive achievements of the program up to this time should not, however, be allowed to overshadow the size of the job yet to be done. Some 16 million rural people still have no public library service locally available. Millions more have libraries offering only weak and limited collections which are often ill-housed and under- staffed. The States, working closely with their governmental partners at both the local and Federal levels, are now moving toward satisfac- tory solutions to thesecressing problems. FIVEYEAR REPORT OF PROGRESS 21 Chart B. -Expenditures under St* plans by categories, fiscal years 19W-61 Millions of dollars 11 r Salaries and wages Purchase c4 books I Purchase of i All other . and materials i equipment I operating expenses 10 g I I 4' = gi 1 1 I . ,.. I iz li I ii X i ES 1 6L g fa If 1957 58 5ti ou 61 1957 50 59 80 61 1951 50 59 60 61 1951 511 59 W 61 Program Accomplishments and Statistics Summaries of the State Plans for Fiscal Years 1957-61 ALABAMA Effective date of State Plan: March 1, 1957 Library service in Alabama has grown more rapidly than can be reflected in statistics alone, but tangible measuring sticks are an index of progress. The amount of money available per capita for public library service has increased from 34.4 to 67.7 cents in the past 5 years. In 1955-56 the total amount available from State and local appropriations was $1,0551591; in 1950-60 the same sources provided $11792,563 and the $207,576 from the Library Services Act made a 'total of $2,000,139 to be spent on public libraries. Of the slightly more than three million people (3,061,743) in Alabama in 1954, only 2,169,242 had library service of any kind, much of which was woe- fully inadequate ; 892,501 people had no library service. Today only 89,711 people in Alabama are without any library service, even though many programs are inadequate. The State agency has been strengthened by the addition of 18 staff members ; by an increase in book stock of 119,737 ; the acquisition of 10 bookmobiles, 10 motor vehicles, and other equipment. In 1954 the State agency was still a division of Archives and History with a staff of Mx. Today, it is an independent agency with a staff of 24. Once moved from pillar to post on Capitol Hill, the Alabama Public Library Service now has new and permanent quarters, attractive, well lighted, and air-conditioned in the State Administrative Building. More trained staff as well as more clerical help has` made possible increased services throughout the State. A larger field staff includes a field represenlakve stationed in a regional field office for closer supervision of the northwestern area of the State, and area librarians who work directly with community librarians. Library Services Act funds made possible the addition of adequate duplicating equipment to provide such services as monthly acquisition lists ; program planning aids ; seasonal and subject bibliographies ; manuals for staff and trustees; brochures ; and Library Notes, the quarterly publication which gives details of library service In Alabama. Bulletin boards, poster materials, and signmaking equipment for the field staff to use in working with locil libraries have helped bring the library to the 4 attention of the community. Circulating packets of pictures and materials for displays on various subjects are made available for loan and have paid off in improved public relations. 22 Because State aid is in the form of books, one of the criteria for selection is to provide basic titles for the small libraries. The State Executive Board has set up minimum standards which the libraries must -meet to receive this aid. The immediate result has been an awareness of national standards on the part of local trustees. The first area to be supplemented was reference. This was detetmined by a checklist ;lent out to ascertain the holdings of each library in this field. Another important use of Library Services Act funds has been to send State staff members to local, State, regional, and national professional meetings on a variety of topics. The carryover of professional training in these institutes and workshops Is immeasurable in the training given to community librarians and the service to new regions. In -14the third year of the Library Services Act we felt we were not moving as fast,;iu; we should, even though we had responded to each local request. The general aim and purpose of Alabama's State Plan, to make adequate free public iibrisry service available to all residents, had gained impetus. The State agency had been greatly strengthened, aid had been given to each of the existing regions to encourage larger systems (to approach 100,000 population) . The agency had rushed out too eagerly to respond to enthusiastic requests from individuals and grotips, but RFperience taught that to attempt regional development because of the intense interest of a few people would likely mean failure since the appropriating bodies seldom support a program demanded . by a few citizens. It might be said that in the anxiety to initiate the service the library program was virtually superimposed on local areas, and when the LSA grant was ex- hausted, there was inadequate local support and insufficient interest in the community. Our first attempt to correct this weakness in our plan was to extend the grant period from 2 to 3 years. By analysing this difficulty and realising there were still too many unnerved areas, the State plan was amended to permit demonstra- tion programs --a radical variation from anything ever done before. A' permanent regional field odice was established as a State-operated project to demonstrate in counties in the order of their requests. A variation of the plan permitted contracts with existing regions having strong administrators to conduct demonstrations in neighboring counties. This latter step was taken because field staff could not be secured. However, contracting for demonstra- tions also has merit for long-range planning. No occasional. visit by State staff could gain the support of the people to the degree possible' under this new plan. The local librarian, familiar with the background of his area, skilled in com- municating directly and indirectly through organised groups and local news media, can 'find the right way to convince neighbors that they,. too, may have adequate library service. It was this plan that made possible the first Irve- (bounty region and a fourth county was added to a three-county region. Local effort is evidenced by increased funds, larger book stock, more extensive use of book and nonbook material, and new or improved quarters. Total local appropriations have increased from $828,392 in 1954-55 to $1,887,951 in 1959 -80. For instance, Decatur Public Library increased from $2,400 to $19,000 ; Shelby County ( Coosa Valley Region) doubled its appropriation ; and the community library of Brent more than doubled its appropriations from $850 to $882. Total book stock in local libraries increased from 1,387,749 in 1954-65 to 1,707,062 in 195040. Use of these books bas increased from 5817,494 in 1954-55 to .9,470,189 in 195040. For instance, Monroe County Library's tion increased from 8,875 to 24,156. The Public Library of Moulton (population 24 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT 1,384), in the first 3 months of operation had a circulation of 1,800. Wheeler Basin's circulation increased from 5,596 in November 1960 to 10,751 in December of the same year. This continued growth In public libraries in dramatically reflected in the fact that 45 libraries have acquired new, improved, remodeled, or enlarged quarters in the past 5 years. Of these, nine new buildings were completed in the last 18 months; one Is under construction (Atmore) ; and two are ou the drafting board (Childersburg and Alexander City). Improving the status of libraries has become a cooperative venture between the State agency and organized groups such as Dome Demonstration Clubs, Alabama Federated Women's Clubs, American Association of University Women, and Pilot internatiomys. Five county programs are the direct outgrowth of Jaycee's Operation Library. Particularly significant has been the close coopera- tion between the Stateiagency and the State Planning and Industrial Develop- ment Board. Because of the Library Services Act the whole program has been strengthened. State funds for rural hervices have increased 50 percent. State aid to small libraries doubled In 1960-61. The development of a positive psychology of enthusiasm in relation to the State program has spread to community librarians as well as all our staff in the State agency. An inCrease in prestige throughout the State has resulted in the reciprocal strengthening of the State agency and the local library. The image of the library as reflected in news releases has changed and grown as the agency and its program has changed. Shifts in population, greater indus- trialization, positive bids for tourist trade, mechanized farming and dairying, higher standards for educationall indicate that Alabama is not in a state of apathy or lassitude. Roth public libraries and the Alabama Public Library Service are parts of, and leaders in, this exciting development. Statistical Summary Services Number Counties now receiving library service which were unserved prior to program 5 People in these counties to whom service is now available 128, 043 Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service 88 People in these counties to whom this-40ervice is available 1,015,413 Bookmobiles purchased under program 10 Personnel added Field librarians 2 Other professional librarians 4 11 Clerks and drivers 30 Others 20 Total 63 6 ALASKA Effective date of State Plan: July 1, 1957 The Alaska State Library was established in 1955 with the intention of isartielpating in any forthcoming Federal library program. Its history has been somewhat parallel with that of the Library Services Act. This library's beginning was meager with barely adequate funds to establish an office and to furnish it with borrowed and surplus equipment until the library was eligible for its Federal allotment. Starting with one professional librarian and one library assistant, the library now has a librarian, a library assistant, two clerk-typists, and a shipping clerk. Since 1955, seven library associatjons have been incorporated and are entitled by State law to receive the annual grant-inaid. The new libraries are Tok, "Whet, College, Anchor Point, Moses Point, De lat Junction, and Unita. Eleven unincorporated new libraries have been established at Anvik, Cbugiak, Cohoe, Fort Yukon, Halibut Cove, Holy Cross, Holikachuk, Shageluk, Tanana, Tetlia, and Woody Island. There has been an increase in t_ be numbei of the smaller libraries that receive local funds. AA an example, by 1960 the following nine libraries had begun to receive local appropriations: Kodiak, Palmer, Petersburg, Seward, 81tka, SW- way, Valdes, Was! Ila, and Wrangell. A $1,000 grant available to each incorporated free public library was initiated in 1959 and completed in fiscal year 1961. Of the eligible libraries, 15 used all of the grant, 4 used three-fourths of the grant, and 4 used about one-half of the grant. Most of the libraries used these funds to renovate the interior of their quarters, particularly painting and installing new lighting spawns. The library has purchased for the central agency some library furniture and equipment. Lack of adequate quarters, however, has impeded expansion here. Most of the funds, therefore, have been used to build up the reference and adult book collections. The library now has all major encyclopedias., the Wilson indexes, the Ozford English Dictionary, and similar items. Emphasis has also been placed on acquiring Alaskan books for circulation. Some reference books have been purchased for the small libraries that have little or no fixed source of income, and these libraries use the State grant to purchase other new books and periodicals. Library equipment was purchased for some libraries as per requests in order to meet specific needs. In these cases the $1,000 grant was inadequate to fill their basic requirements. Library service to a handful of individuals in 1955 has increased to over 300 borrowers. Subscription libraries have become free public libraries. These and the newly organised public libraries have expanded their services to include other than lending a few books. Without participation id the Library Services Act program, public library service in Alaska would not have evolved as it has. Visiting the libraries, one is aware of the alterations. Talking with those who are responsible for the administration of these libraries is adequate proof of the advancements made. Although many of the Alaskan public libraries may not measure up to the established minimum standards, their progress has been substantial considering that only volunteer workers and spirit has guided them. STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT Statistical Summary Services Judicial divisions' no* receiving library service which were unserved prior to program i People n these Judicial divisions to whom service is now available.... 0 Judicial divisions with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service 4 People in these Judicial divisions to whom this service is available... 117,889 Bookmobiles purchased under program 0 Newber 0 Personnel added Field librarians......................... ...... ..... Other professional ..... ....... ..... 11 WO NO a& ...... Me WO WO Clerks and drivers Others- Total Alaska has no counties, ARIZONA Effective date of State Plan : March 1, 1957 0 0 0 1 When the Library Services Act was passed, Arizona was ready for library development because there were only 83 libraries, none with any type of eitenslon service.... It needed.that extra boost provided by the Library Services Act Then on March 1, 1957, Arizona became one of the first group of 36 States and Terri- tories to take advantage of the Library Services Act program In the first year. The State Library Extension Division of the Department of Library and Archivesbecame directly responsible for the program, having general supervision of budget, expenditures, and services by the Director of the Department. The State of Arizona House of Representatives, Twenty-third Legislature First Regular Session, appropriated $31,788 to promote the development of public library service In ruital areas in accordance with the provisions of Public Law 597 enacted in the 84th Congress. The general alms and policies established for the first 5-year period will con- tinue to provide the goals during the dext 5-year period. First among these was the establishment of a library extension agency which for the first time provided library service from the State free or charge. The number of libraries has increased from the original 33 to 134. The booimobile routes crisscrosa the State, and oirculation is as high as 982 volumes on a 4-day Ipn of nearly SOO miles. Another 'bookmobile is always available for loan to coiThtles wishing to demonstrate service. During the winter of 1980-61, Yuma City-County Library borrowed this bookmobile with such satisfactory results that the system has ordered its own bookmobile. ARIZONA 27 Another goal, the demonstration of benefits to be derived from effectively organized library service In nonurban WINS and the need for professional guidance or administration, was spectacularly accomplished In Yuma County with the establishment of the Yuma City-County Library under the direction of an outstanding bOard of trustees who engaged a competent professional librarian. Within a short time the book collection was weeded, modern fiction appeared on the shelves, the nonfiction and reference collections were greatly strengthened, and the up-to-date library was reedy t° enterInto contract with the Yuma County Board of Supervisors to extend service throughoist Yuma County. Area libraries came into being and grew with the help of Library Extension materials. The vast amount of materials loaned by the Library Extension Service him made It possible for Yuma City-County Library to concentrate on expansion and development to. a point beyond even the most optimistic expectations. As a result, on April 15, 198!, Yuma City-County Library received the Dorothy Can- field Fisher Library Award of $5,000. . The Final Regional Library ikderation was formed In 1959 to serve rural residents of Pinal County on a cooperative basis, thus bringing home to them the true value of this service, while demonstrating' its economical aspect& From this beginning, the Pinal County Free Library was established In the fall of 1980 to serve the unincorporated arms of the county. In compliance with the library laws of the State of Arizona, the incorporated areas must "elect to become a part of, or participate in, the free county library .system." The Mal County Free Library is under the direction of a librarian whose qualifications have been paseed by the State Board of Library Examiners. Another plan of cooperative service is still being demonstrated In Grahams, Greenlee, and Cochise Counties where the Tri-County Service Center is function- Inietvith excellent results and the enthusiastic approval of the residents of this wholly rural area. The demonstration period will end on Jane 80, 1962. The Tri-County Center is a branch of the State agency offering books, audiovisual materials, and consultation services, but no cataloging or technical processing Is done here. A major aim of the State plan-.---to give effective consultative services to librarians, trustees, and other interested citizens in areas covered by the State planis being Implemented by the planning and execution of various workshops. Each of the programs includes technical instruction, poUcy-making suggestions, legal advice by experts, discussions of administration problems, question and answer periods, and a social hour. . . One theme compon to every workabop is the advancement of cooperative tax. supported, public-library service for rural residents. Wherever people gather In the interests of libraries, the need for a solid adequate tax base for every public library is stressed. On October 1, 1900, the Arizona State Library Associatiois, nosisted by the Department,of Library and Archives and the Libtary Extension Service, held a Governor's conference In Phoenix. Interested residents from all parte of the...State gathered to hear authorities speak on the Importance of pro- fessional administration and tax support for each and every library. . Small discussion groups were formed to study and compare local filtrations, thus furthering public interest in and understanding of public library problems. The one-day confereisce was most informative and created enthusiasm and good will. All of these aims and purposes outlined In the State plan are being continued in this present 5.year period and will no doubt continue even longer. One last activity, the extension of .library service from a central facility to residents 28 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIfIRARY SERVICES ACT outside effective range of localized public library systems, must not be neglected as long as there are citizens without community service, but this kind of service cannot be continued Indefinitely, because it is neither convenient, economical, nor adequate. Just now, however, and for some time to come, it will be necessary if any of the objectives of Arizona's State plan are to be gained. Only 4 years ago aU of these astonishing gains toward these objectives out- lined in the State plan seemed only a vague dream. The ultimate goal is still a dream, but no longer vague in the light of progress made. Statistical Summary Services Counties now receiving library service which were unserved prior to prograin People in these counties to whom service is now available 0 Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service 14 People in these counties to whom this service is available 466, 825 Bookmobiles purchased under program............... ..... 2 Number 0 Per8onnel added Field librarians 2 .. Other professional librarians 2 Clerks and drivers . 10 Others 8 "Total 17 ARKANSAS Effective date of State Plan:" March 1, 1957 Library Services Act funds are making it possible for the Arkansas Library Commission to assist 4ounty and regional libraries with the selection, ordering, and processing of' books .purchased with local, State, and Federal funds. In addition, professional staff is available especially in the summer months to work with local library boards in the extension of library service to adults. These funds have provided extra-help money in the summer for college boys and girls to work in the processing department and on the bOokmobiles. State agency centralized processing has speeded the delivery- of books to the participating libraries and' has freed the head librarian to work with the staff and the patrone in getting the books used. A total of 151,948 volumes have been processed and '1,198 sets of cards have beep produced since this operation began in` 1958. Prior to 1957 only seven counties in the *State had bookmobile service. With Federal aid 32 additional counties are enjoying bookmobile service. Nine book- ARKANSAS 29 mobiles have been purchased from April 1957 to June 19Mfour with Federal aid and five with State aid. These bookmobilechave dramatized the library all over the State and have taken Woks where none were prior to this program. Circulation figures are climbing. New books processed and ready to be cir- culated are being added at a rate impossible to achieve if only local funds were used. A new library at Marshall in rural Searcy County dedicated April 28, 1961, *the gift of a native son and his wife, is the finest library building in northwest Arkansas. This $60,000 building is an indirect result of the Library Services Act. The donor visited the "County library soon after Its establishment In 1967 and was impressed with the collection of new books purchased with the first Federal aid granted to Arkansas. He promised a library building to make the books accessible if the citizens of the county would help. The county had passed the tai in 1958 and had asked to become a part of the North Arkansas Regional Library. Local citizens gave the money to purchase the site for the new build- ing and the donors kept their promise. Although Federal funds cannot be used for the purchase or construction of buildings, they have served as an incentive for local groups to improve library quarters. Every regionil library receiving Federal aid has made improvements at the local level, especially in providing better headquarters. North Arkansas Regional Library --new headquarters building ; new build- ing at Marshall q Carnegie Library at Eureka Springs repaired. Arkansas River Valley Ref/tonal Librarynew headquarters building. AU branch libraries improved, one receiving a gift of $1,000. White River Regional Lib new headquarters. Hempstead-Nevada Regional Librarynew branch established. Garland-Montgomery Regioinal Librarybond issue for children's room. Crittenden-Mississippi Regional Librarynew county office building, the gift of the county, inspired by LSA bookmobile, at county seat of Critten- den County, provides modern library facilities. Twenty counties have passed the 1 mill tar for public library support since the beginning of the program. Fifty-eight of the 75 counties now have this local support and qualify for State aid appropriated by the State legislature. State aid has increased from $80,000 in 1955-1957 to ;155,000 per year in the coming biennium, 1961-1963. Four positions have been granted for the coming biennium. More county Judges and members of the legislature are recognizing the public library as an economic asset to the State. Workshops and institutes have been held each year in April for the library trustees with more participation each year by the trustees. Workshops have, been conducted for head librarians and branch clerks with increasing emphasis on professional knowledge of books and their use in helping patrons. The State agency has had cooperation and assistance from the Library Services Branch of the U.S. Office of Educationi, the American Library Association, an_ d the Arkansas Library Association in conducting workshops and institutes. Tours to national meetings and visits to other libraries in and out of the State have been sponsored by theState agency and State aisociation. Participa- tion in Professional organizations and the reading of professional-literature are encouraged by the State agency. Publication of mimeographed bulletins and a piinted journal serve as means of communication to librarians, trustees, and friends of the library. 30 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT An interesting and helpful by-product of the program in Arkansas has been the good fellowship fostered among trustees because of their attendance at the quarterly meetings of the regional board. It is rewarding to see friendships grow and geographic boundaries vanish as a group of trustees and librarians work together to get books for all regardless of county. Statistical Summary Service8 Number Counties now receiving library service which were unserved prior to program 5 People in these counties to whom service is now 43, 145 Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or ex trended service 29 People in these counties to whom this servi is available 4. 560, W.1.1 Bookmobiles purchased under program 9 PersarinP1 added Field librarians I Other professional librarians .__ 6 Clerks and drivers . 26 Others 4 Total 37 CALIFORNIA Effective date of State Plan : February 1, 1957 The California State Plan, adopted in 1956, had as a major goal "helping to extend and upgrade enlifornia imblic libraries, not only during the period of Federal aid, but for many years into the future." It listed, as further aims the exploration of new patterns of service, and the fultUlment of such long- range olilectives of the State Library as, "the establishment and maintenance of library units which grow toward maturity ; which foster reasonable self-* sufficiency' within a library system, balanced by wise cooperation and use of statewide resources; and which stimulate intellectual, moral, and financial support by the communities the public libraries exist to serve." Because of the great variation in library service and the great variety of needs in the State, no one type of demonstration project could possibly meet the needs of all locatlities. It was decided that (1) a number of projects would be selected, illustrating different kinds of service for different sizes of libraries and for different stAges of library development; (2). enough money and enough time should be spent in each project to secure lasting results, rather than distrib- uting very small grants which might not have a real impact on statewide library development ; (3) the enrichment of existing services, and the utilization of existing libraries would be.considered vital in order to work towards the attain- CALIFORNIA 31 ment of the California public library standards and the then newly issued nation- al standards; (4) maximum local participation and support during the demon- strationa, as well as future continuance, would be sought. Seven basic criteria were set up as a yardstick for the selection of the projects: 1. Lack or inadequacy of service. 2. Possibilities for interlibrary cooperation. 3. The ability and professional qualifications of the librarians concerned and their willingness to undertake new phases of work. 4. Evidence of public Interest. 5. Ability of the residents to contribute to the support of the demonstration. 6. Intention of the locality to continue the service later if successful. 7. General estimate of thug feasibility of the project and its value within the statewide plan. To date, California has completed five projects. There. are four ongoing projects which have been in process for several years, and thereiias been a' continuing program of strengthening the State Library. Successful demonstrations of bo6kmobile service were conducted in Butte County and in San Diego County. Service has been continued under local library direction and is well integrated into the total program of each library. A demonstration of how modern communication is used to strengthen and speed up reference service to patrons in a large geographic area was given in the Santa Barbara Reference Project through radio and television programs. Additional reference books and service were provided to the participating affili- ated libraries in the county to assist in supplying the. demand for books and in- formation 'developed by the increased publicity. This program was not continued in the same form by the county at the end of the demonstration, but the emphasis in cooperative activities brought about a desire in the area for further planning on city-county relationships. Amador, a small mountain county, set up a contract with the Stockton-San Joaquin Library for advisory and operational services.. This bicounty program points the way for similar contractual arrangements for Several other Cali- fornia counties if they should choose to follow the Amador-Stockton example. Lassen and Plumas-Sierra County Libraries share the services of one librarian in a new venture in functional consolidation not previously used in any other library service combination in the State. of the large, multicounty demonstrations, the Processing Center at the State Library serving 16 city and county libraries, has had the longest period of demonstration, 4 years. Beginning in July 1961, the 20 member libraries will be Sharing some of the costs on a gradually increasing scale until the center is completely self-supporting. The center orders and processes books selected by the member libraries who use the released time for enrichment of public services. - The 10 members of the San Joaquin Valley Information Service project have been participating in a telephone-network. reference service, based in Fresno, and combining reference service to patron* with increased inservice training In reference work throughout the area. The North Bay Cooperative Library system, a group of 16 city and county libraries in the area. just north of San Francisco Bay, is demonstrating how to 32 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT Bound Magazine Files ot 'tit :, Thermofax Copying Service Available for both Printed and Microfilmed Materials in the Library's Collection .47.4 .14 0811.81 a. Teletypewriter Lime to North Say Libraries and the State Library A well-equipped pied library reference center in e North Bay Coopers- Live Libritry System in California serves tie community as a re- liable soarce of up-to-date information. work together to achieve minimum library standards with each library con- tributing something to the service program rather than having service provided by one large central library. Teletype and telephone Service join them together ; a processing center and a storage center provide books services ; a film service is available ; and a children's consultant is shared by t e whole system. ( Other funds have been devoted to the strengthenin of the State Library, by adding to the Consultant Services staff, and by proyiding for a management study of the Sate I4lbrary's interlibrary loan systiem. Recruiting more li- brarians for rural library work has begun by offering scholarships for study at library schools with nine awards made to date. A small exhibit bookmobile has publicized bookmobile library service in many areas of the State. 6 The 1960-61 annual report to the U.S. Office of Education shows that over a million people in California now have improved library service available because of the LSA program. Tangible evidence of the services provided by the projects can be seen in the form of three bookmobiles ; many thousands of books provided in the projects, several hundred films and phonograph records, added' staff members, and expedited loan services. Intangible results are harder to measure, but a greater' awareness by the public of the library as a service agency available to all ,ages and ,types of people, is shown by the increased use of the libraries in project areas. Some projects have been more successful than others ; some ideas have been tried .out, and discarded ; there have been difficulties in recruiting staff, and I CALIIPORNIA. 33 in attaining the necessary smooth flow of work output. These attempts have not been unprofitable, however, codgidering that the majority of the programs which California has undertaken are following new and uncharted paths with very little prior experience anywhere else to guide the war. In this, the pioneer spirit still exists. What of the future? The first demonstration in a 'county without county library service, Mendocino, will begin in the fall of 1961. There are several other projects awaiting funds which will become available as thy current projects approach self-support. The next 5 years show promise of further cooperative activities, further regional developments, further enrichment of the libraries of California. In reviewing thus briefly the accomplishments of the past 5 years: it would seem that California is beginning to reach some of the aims set forth in the State Plan of 1958. Statistical. Summary Services Number Counties now receiving library service which were unserved prior to program 0 People in these counties to whom service is now available 0 Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service 29 People in these counties to whom this service is available s1, 166, 005 Bookmobiles purchased under program 3 Personnel added Field librarians 3 Other professional librarians 14 Clerks and drivers 28 Others 1 Total COLORADO Effective date of State Plan : February 15, 1957 48 The plan for Colorado submitted during the 1956-57 fiscal period listed three main areas of effort in the State : Increased field services, establishment of pilot programs, and increased effectiveness of the State Library as a regulatory leadership agency. The implementation of these objectives has bee iy: altered from time to time, but the primary areas of effort have been adhered io during the first 5 years. 'AI provide improved and increased field services, four area supervisors were employed and assigned to different areas of the State. They were provided with the necessary clerical assistance, equipment, and library aids. The superirisors, continued throughout the 5 years to place emphasis on community contacts 34 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT (key people, service dubs, and civic organizations), library contacts (librarians, library boards, government officials), and maintained a general knowledge of political and economic conditions that would affect library development in their areas. The supervisors also gave technical assistance and advice to public libraries eligible under the Library .Services Act ; aided each year in National Library Week promotions ; advised library boards ; and appeared, when neces- sary, before governmental appropriating bodies to present facts and figures on budgets. The results of 5 years of area work are difficult to assess entirely in concrete terms while the field work is still being continued. However, it is possible to indicate some substantial gains. In the 1955-56 period before the act, book loans by the State Library to public libraries totaled 22,000 while in the 1959.-60 period the same loans came to 100,000or five times the amount. Two factors were involved, first the acquisition of additional material under the program and second, the work of the area supervisors in encouraging service to rural areas. During the same period, 1955-66 to 1959-60: spicia.1 loan requests from public libraries increased 42 percent. There are still libraries and communities where attitudes remain much as they were before the act was passed. There are still many citizens who have been exposed to the aims of the program but who, preoccupied with other affairs, have failed to understand. Patience, persistence, and constant repetition together with the example of successful LSA programs will break down the remaining barriers to better public libraries. In the main, the work of the area supervisors has encouraged the growth of a library climate that existed prior to the act only in a few isolated places in the State. The second area of effort, establishment of pilot programs, has had a number of definite results. Outstanding are two demonstrations which resulted in two continuing regiot libraries supported by local tax funds. The loan of book- mobiles, books, a equipment through the Library Services Act made possible the establishment of the Lower Arkansas Valley Regional Library, serving four counties and the Northeast Colorado Regional Library, serving this counties. These two regions have a combinid population of 9405 or 14 percent of the rural population of the State,. The Denver-Tri-County Reference Project is still a pilot program with a year to go before local support is required. It is offering reference service to the three counties surrounding Denver which have about 18 percent of the rural population of the State. There have been pilot demonstrations of single county bookmobile operation in which the State Library has loaned bookmobiles and books while agencies in the counties have provided personnel and operating funds for the demonstra- tions: Arrangements, planning, and advice for these demonstrations have been provided by area supervisors. In Adams County ( rural population 40,234) and Pueblo County ( rural population 16,941) the demonstrations have resulted in expanded county service. In Douglas County (3,507 rural population) the demonstration has just ended and county plans have progressed to the point where local authorities are now negotiating for the purchase of a bookmobile. The program in Boulder County (28,297 rural population) has at least 6 months to go with Indications that it will develop into a county-supported library service. There are two other pilot programs in operation. One is central purchasing for the small public libraries in Area A, demonstrating the advantages of coop- eration through larger discounts on books, and offering annotations and cata- loging advice. In Area B a modest book-exchange program enables isolated COLORADO 35 small libraries to exchange their duplicates with other libraries of the Area. In working to increase the effectiveness of the State Library u a regulatory leadership agency, the most significant achievement has been the establishment 0 of the State grants-in-aid program. While great credit for the legislative achievement goes to the Colorado Library Association and its Legislative Com-,_ mittee, the LSA staff of the State Library worked closely with the entire pro- gram. Staff members attended all meetings of the Legislative Committee, and much of the committee's basic proposal was written and rewritten by LSA personnel Oran I thake the State Library a regulatory agency to the extent that the re: stset up -standards and requirements'which public libraries must meet to be eligible. In addition, the inservice training aspects of the program enable the State Library to strengthen its role as a leadership agency in bringing . professional attitudes to the smaller libraries in the State. First check under the new program of State grants-in-aid to local libraries is received` in the Colorado State Library. [During the period of this 5-year report, grant programs were enacted In Colorado, Florida, Massachusetts, Mhmesota, New Jersey, and Orgon.] Another aspect of increasing State library leadership was the comprehensive survey of public libraries instituted in 1959. It was designed in part to get the librarians and trustees of the smaller libraries to take a fresh look at themselves and their relationship with their communities. The survey also provided some of the basic facts needed for the grants-in-aid program. 6 36 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT The Capitol Hill Library Crier was started In July 1957 as a means of estab- lishing State library leadership through communication with special emphasis on LSA developments. Since then, there have been 16 issues averaging 7 pages per issue. The mailing list includes libraries and librarians of all types, trustees, officials in government, interested persons, And has increased to 2,200 names. Numerous other publications have been issued during the 5 years. Some were designed to aid in the promotion of the pilot programs ; some were summaries of LSA accomplishments ; some were informational on -the status of public li- braries in the State. Particularly notable were the National Library Week publications for 1958, 1959, 1960, 14 items in all, averaging 6 pages per item. Titles ranged from The Centennial State, Recent Publications About Colorado and by Colorado Authors to Why Weed? Leadership has also been carried forward by areawide meetings of public library trustees which culminated in the statewide trustees conference of two days in Denver. In addition, three area library advisory boards have been organized and have been meeting. This two-way line of communication has carried State library leadership to the local communities as well as bringing back local reactions to the State Library. It is impossible to detail the numerous ramifications developed from increased field service, establishment of pilot programs, and the increased effectiveness of the State Library as a regulatory leadership agency. But it can be said that in less than 5 years the Library Services Act has provided new incentive for library growth in Colorado and has been responsible for improved rural service. Statistical Summary Vervices Number Counties now receiving library service which were uuserved prior to Program 4 People in these counties to whom service is now available 9, 965 Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service 13 People in these counties to whom this service is available 247, 058 Bookmobiles purchased under program__________________ 3 Personnel added Field librarians 4 Other professional librarians As 3 Clerks and drivers 6 Others 0 Total 13 4 CONNECTICUT CONNECTICUT Effective date of State Plan : January 1, 1957 37 The major accomplishments of the Bureau of Library Services under the Library Services Act were (1) the increase in State consultant services ; (2) the expansion of inservice training activities for local public libraries ; (3) the establishment and growth of a collection of books for loan to rural public librar- ies; and (4) the beginning of a union catalog and central processing service for the central book collection, the Middletown regional library service center, and the Willimantic regional library service center. Although the Willimantic Center was legally established in 1959, it received only a token budget for the biennium 1959-61. It was not until 1961 that a -building was rented, books and shelving ordered, and clerical staff hired. Pend- ing the appointment of a director and other professional staff, the LSA regional library consultant is giving help and advice to the rural public libraries in this area and book service is being given from the Bureau's central book collection while the basic Willimantic collection Is being ordered and processed. The increased consultant I4ervices and the first State supplementary book eery- -ices received by the.rural public libraries under the Library Services Act, plus the success of the Middletown Center, were major factors in obtaining virtually the full budget requested for the new Willimantic Center for. the biennium 1961-63. The general influence of National Library Week publicity was also of significance. The contribution of the Library Services Act to the public libriKies in the Willimantic area during the next 5 years, as the Middletown area, will be in the cooperative selection and central processing of books for the center. As soon as possible, the present LSA consultants will be reassigned to give more assistance to the rural public- libraries in the Litchfield, Hartford, and 'New London county areas. Although county government has been abolished in Connecticut, the counties themselves still remain as geographic entities and are used for convenience in designating geographic 16cation. An additional major accomplishment of the act during the first 5 years has been the production, in cooperation with the other five New England States, of the library film, The flay the Books IVent Blank. The resulting 20-minute 16 mm., color fllm showing best current library practices throughout the six New England States is already proving its value in promoting improved library services by small town libraries in Connecticut. Except for the period of staff vacancies, the two regional public library 'consultants have averaged between 75 and 100 visits to local public libraries each. year. In about 20 communities relatively detailed surveys were made for LSA libraries for use by the librarians and library board members in work- lug with town officials and other interested citizens. In addition to field visits, informal advice and information, has been given regularly by mail, telephone, and at Stite and regional library meetings, and . to visitors who came to the central or regional offices. Inservice training of local library staffs and board members has been con- ducted at workshops sponsored by the Bureau as well as at swap groups, State 38 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT association conferences, and at other State and regional meetings. Frequently librarians and board members are encouraged to come to Hartford for a 1- or 2-hour conference to save the travel time of the consultant, who otherwise could not give help for several weeks. Although the Bureau of Library Services, or its predecessor the Connecticut Public Library Committee, has given consultant service and has administered grants to public libraries since 1893, only sporadic efforts have been made to give any sustained supplementary books service to local public libraries, because the State grants were initially in the form of books. A small traveling libraries collection made book loans to communities, clubs, schools as early as 1899. The Audubon Society and the Society of Colonial Dames at one time contributed both books and funds, and at a later date cataloging help was received through the services of trained librarians on the government FERA Program. In more recent years any money obtainable for this collection has been used largely to provide children's books for loan to schools in rural communities with in- adequate public libraries. As of June 30. 1961, this collection, now part of the LSA program, contained approximately 114,000 volumes. During the past 5 Sears it has provided more than 56,000 volumes to 141 rural schools. This collection is currently being merged with the Bureau's central book collection in a new rented building In Hartford, The first substantial amount of State money appropriated for supplementary book service was approximately $12,000 annually to the Middletown ('enter. established In October 1955. During the last 5 years this collection has grown to more than 30,000 volumes. The center has circulated more than 151,334 books, primarily to rural communities in the LSA plan. With the receipt of LSA funds in January 1957, the ordering and processing of the Middletown Center's books were transferred to an office in the basement of the East Ilartford,Public Library. This office, known as the East Hartford Book Center, has siniv been moved to a new building In Hartford, and will be called the Bureau's Central Book Services Unit. This unit will include the central hook collection and the former traveling libraries collection, as well as the central processing office for all the Bureau's books. During the 3'/ years between January 1958 and June 30, 1961, the collection grew to 250)0 volumes and nearly 50,000 volumes were loaned to 113 libraries. The value of this service and the appreciation of what it has meant to readers in Connecticut's small towns was reflected in the encouragement of legislation in the 1961 General Assembly to appropriate an additional $40,000 annually for 1961-1963 so that 17 public libraries which became ineligible dropped from the IJSA.plan under the 1960 Census could continue to receive supplementary book service from-the Bureau's central book collection. The setting up of a central processing service for the Bureau's book col- lections has been another major achievement of the Act. As State appropria- tions have increased, it has been possible to claim additional Federal money. To obtain the nucleus of a union catalog In 1957, the card catalog at the Middletown Center was reproduced photographically ht a coot of $1,550. In the 6 months preceding June 30, 1961, two clerks were added to the processing staff and more f4 t aif is now needed to order and stovers the books purchased With the $40,000 appropriation. It is indeed a far cry from the approximately $1,000 ennually spent by the Bureau for books during. the 5-year period ending June 30, 1956 to the $77,000 for books budgeted for 1961-432. CONNECTICUT 39 Out of a present total of 204 public*braries in Connecticut, 151 out of a possible 171 have participated In the IAA plan during some part of the past 5 years. There are still two subscription public libraries, a number of other public libraries which still do not receive public funds, and eight towns without local public library service. Not all of the public libraries under the Library Services Act have handed In complete annual reports, but the following table gives a substantially accurate picture of the percentage increases : Percent of increase, 1951 -41 Hours open per week Ntunber of borrowero___,_ ..... ............... 87.1 Total volumes 17.4 Total circulation........... _ ..... ..... 50.6 Income from town....... ................ 82.7 Total expenditures..... ........ MI. IM 68.7 Salary expenditures__.... ... .........elo 82.8 Book expenditures............... ..... _ ..... 78.1 When these agave; were analysed to compare the L8A libraries outside and within the Middletown Center area, where more staff and books were avail- able from State funds, these principal difference(' were noted. Within the Middletown area the percentages of increase in hours open, number of bor- rowers, number of volumes, circulation, and salaries were consistently higher, by about 10-15 percent. Outside the Middletown area, however, where libraries had had less attention from the State or less regional activity through auton- omous "swap" groups, the income from public funds increased by 85 percent (as contrasted with 436 percent in the Middletown area) and the total expend- itures for books increased by 78.R percent in contrast with the Middletown urns increase of 34.2 percent. It must be recognized that libraries in the Middletown area were financially better off in 1956, but the fact that the rate of increase in all categories outside the smaller, more homogeneous and better served Middletown area could nearlytniatch and even excell the activity in that area is a clear indication of the impact of the additional consultant service and books made available by the LSA funds and the tremendous response of the libraries served in Improving their own services as well as in accepting the expanded services being offered by the State. To summarize, the I.SA Nada in Connecticut are serving the -purpose for which they were originally intended, to demonstrate the nature and value of basic good public library service to rural communities and to encourage Increased State and local support for such services. This demonstration has been sufficiently -effective so that the larger libraries in the State, not eligible for benefits under the act, have felt both envious and neglected. As a result of their discontent and realization of need, the Con- necticut Library Association has encouraged the Governor to appoint a state- wide committee of laymen and librarians to study the total library resources and needs in Connecticut. The first meeting of the Governor's committee was he'd at the State Capitol on January 12, 1962. , 40 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT Statistical Summary Services Towns now receiving library service which were unserved prior to program People in these towns to whom service is now available_ (M. 4111. ......... No ambrr 0 0 Towns with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service__............. ......... ......... 123 People in these towns to whom this service is available____.... .. M IM 1542 893 Bookmobiles purchased under progratn....... ..... ..... ,M 01. MO MID OW Field librarians Other professional librarians 2 Clerks and drivers Others Persannfl added 0 2 Total 10 DELAWARE Effective date of State Plan: July 1, 1959 Delaware's State Plan under the Library Services Act became effective on July 1, MO. During the first year, emphasis *as placed on strengthening both the quality and quantity of services from the State library. There has been a greatly increased awareness by the public of the State library's activities. This has been a result of a threefold foiward Step. The increase of State funds in the 1900 budget enablitig the State to quality for 1.8A funds was A major step which was supplemented by the I.S. funds. Both of these benefits were accompanied by the good fortune in receiving the railroad station at Dover for quarters. . The renovation 41f tills building and the addition of new equipthent have done a great deal to improve the "over the desk" service as well as administrative and processing operations. In addition, these building linprovements have made possible a far smoother, more eMelent operation of the two bookmobiles which are giving dependable library service and excellent geographic coverage to Kent and Sussex Counties. V The increased book budget has a!lowed notable improvement in the reference colletion as well as giving more selection to the bookmobile borrowers. A station wagon is used to give needed staff assistance in helping with bookmobile service at busy times and locations. Additional professional staff has made possible the improved quality of pur- chasing and cataloging, aided the public through guidance in referent* work, helped the head librartan by assuming some of the professional workload, and helped other staff members by advice, guidance, and improved morale. One professional scholarship of $2,000 was divided ; one of the recipients is expected to join the State library staff upon completion of his training. DELAWARE 41 A statewide survey of libraries in Delaware is being conducted under the leadership of .Dr. John M. Dawson, University of Delaware Memorial Libriry. Twelve local libraries have qualified under the State plan for additional funds to provide books and equipment. Special reference titles were among the mate- rials available to qualifying libraries. After 2 years of the LSA program, the too. al libraries are beginning to realize that they are receiving valuable aid end not "Interference" as many feared. They are now ready for further steps to- %% rd more adequate public library tiervice in Delaware. Delaware State Plan I GENERAL Ahern AND POIICIE8 A. Ti) provide more and more available books for Delaware's rural areas is the general aim. Develop and increase present activities, and especially to strengthen the Library Commission. C. Make books available to {increase the resources of county and rural emit _ munity libraries, using bOoktnobiles where appropriate. I). Public library service to the rural areas of Delaware Is 80,81)11114k as to to be almost nonexistent in some areas and It no area does the service reach adequacy as defined by the national standards of the American Library Association In Public Library Rerriec. II 111:THOD8 OF ADIIINISTRATIpN GP A. Add personnel, professiOal and clerical, as needed to carry out the plan. B. Improve bookmobile sei.vice through added personnel, consolidation and extension of present routes, and purchase of larger bookmobiles with greater (*opacity. C. Improve book servicelf through purchase of additional materials includ- ing reference titles, centralized purchasing and processing of books for rural libraries, and ptirchase of a station wagon for book deliveries and for fieldwork. IL Provide office equipment as needed for the above plus additional office space for centralized processing. Continue State book grants to local libraries. F. Provide added equipment and other materials on indefinite loan to local libraries for improved service. G. Develop inservice training programs for local library staffs. III. PROGRAM FOR JULY 1, 1959 TO JUNE 30. 1960 A. Strengthen the State agency through added professional and clerical personnel ; purchase a new bookmobile and station wagon, additional books and other materials, and necessary equipment. B. Aid local library systems in the State in accordance with a plan developed in cooperation with the Library Commission of the State for the improve- ment of library service in rural areas including grants of books and equipment. 4387-442 0-43----4 . , ef 42 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES -AC's` Statistical Summary Services Counties now receiving library service which were unnerved prior to pfografil -? People in these counties to whom service is now available Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service 3 People in piese counties to whom this service is available 33, 996 Bookmobiles purchased under program 2 Personnel added Number 0 0 Field libiarians Other professional librarians Clerks and drivers Others 0 1 3 I Total 5 FLORIDA Effective date of State Plan: July 1, 1957 Florida was unable to match for Library Servlees Act funds during the first year of the program. During the next 4 years the library program bhowetl phenomenal growth. The library climate throughout the State at all levels has improved so much that in 1961 State aid bill was passed by an economy-minded legislature after the Governor had announced that there would be no available funds. Some form of a State aid bill had failed each session since 1 The State library had made use of the first $40,000 of the funds Mean In 1955-56 books were loaned to libraries, organizations, or individuals in 49 of the 67 counties ; 59 counties had used the State library in 1960-61. The bulk of Library Services Act funds was in the form of rural development grants to establish or improve county or multicounty libraries. Prior to this program, only three counties, with a rural population of 69,559, had countywide library service complete with bookmobiles. By 1960-61, 18 counties with a rural population of 238,327 had made use of the grant funds and one other county with 6,693 gave countywide service but had not participated inthe grant program. The financial support of the State library shows that legislators have become more aware of the Importance of libraries. In 1955-56 State nfifiropriations amounted to $54,444. In 1960-61, $74,501 was appropriated while $81,491 was provided for 1961-62. Local support in the project grant counties leaped 516.08 perceht during the .same period. In 1935-56 the 18 counties had $33,659 for rural library purposes as compared to $2(Y7,367 in local funds in 1960-61. Eight s. . of the 18 counties had no ftinds in the base year. Although other factorsi have ululoubtedly played a part,;ini.the increase in general library support throokhout.tIte State, the rural development program has contributed to the generally improved picture. Fifteen libraries expended 4 al FLORIDA 43 $25,000 or more during fiscal year 1956. Total operating expenses for all public libraries was $2,129,287. The latest, report for 1949-410 shOws that 28 public libraries expended more than $25,(X10 for operations. Total expenditures for all public libraries amounted to $3,681,638, a gain of 72:9 percent over 1915-56 expenditures. With additional funds, the State library's book collection grew from approxi- inately 35,000 cataloged volumes in 191-56 to 65,806 cataloged books by June 30, 1961. During the base year 2,885 books were added while 8,431 were added in 1960-61. During this sante period group loans increased from 15,222 to 44,624 volumes, loans to individuals dropped front 1,279 to 832 and interlibrary loans skyrocketed from 1.062 to 6,500. This represents an increase in 1960-61 over 1955-56 of 7112 percent in interlibrary loans, 195.8 percent in all mail loans and 193.1 percent in group loans. Using the Florida county fiscal year of October 1 through September 30 Ind the statistics reported for both the rural and urban portions of theelibraries %it hin the boundaries of the project areas, the 18 grant counties reported holdings of 202,587 volumes in 1955-56 and 334,535 volumes in 1960-61. This relatively small growth is not surprising when one considers that eight new book- mobiles, many desks, tables, chairs, typewriters, and other equipment and sup- plies were also purchased. Library use increased from 649,734 to 1,548,038 this time.' In Collier County the 9,941 books were circulated 80,835 times during 194;0-61, an average of 8.1 loans per volume. Bay and Santa 'Fe circulated each volume more than six times during the year. Although none of the libraries has enough qualified and specialized personnel fur all the demands made upon them, the growth in sheer numbers is Impressive. 1955-56, the State Library staff numbered 11 and now there are/16 full-time employees. The, libraries in the 18 counties receiving grants had 39 full-time and 37 part-time employees in 1955-56. If the 28 full-tin* and 15 part-time employees in Orlando Public Library were excluded the number would drop to 11 full-time and 12 part-time employees in the remaining 17 counties. By 1960- 1;1. the 18 counties employed 77 full-time and 67 part-time persons. If Orlando's 40 full-time and 23 part-time persons are excluded the remaining 17 counties employ 37 full-time and 44 part-time workersan increase of 26 full-time and 32 part-time employees. Perhaps one of the most important library steps during the grant period was the establishment of the tirkt regional libraries. Florida has a range in county populations from 2.199 to 455,084 and a range in the '1960 non-exempt property valuations from $2.445,844 to $2,001,374,090. Forty-fivtb counties having a popula- tion of less than 25,000 and 37 counties could not provide $25,000 per annum in local funds. Therefore, some regional service arrangement Is needed. The establishment of Suwannee River Regional Library, completely rural and cover- in:: 5,358 square miles, has been an excellent example of a situation in which n regional library can give reasonably good service under existing laws. Cooperation between the larger existing libraries and the rural program has been good. The contracts between the city of Orlando and Orange County, be- tween the city of Gainesville and Alachua and Bradford Counties have set a precedent which is being tqflowed in plans for other areas. The full cooperation of librarians, board members, women's clubs, and other citizen's groups contributed'greatly to the passage of the State aid bill. When funds are available for Stlite aid, indications are that a rapid expansion of county and multicounty library units will take place. 44 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT Continuing good results from participation in the grant program are shown by the purchase of a new large bookmobile in Orange County, expansion of quarters in St. Lucie and Santa Fe regions and Leon and Martin Counties and an accelerated demand for new buildings or expanded buildings in Bay and Martin Counties and the Orlando Public Library: The training program of the State library has been carried out by four meet- ings of4 the project librarians in the past 2 years and a ser* of workshops and institutes jointly sponsored with the Florida State University and the Florida Library Association. Subjects covered were administration of larger units of 'service (1957), public relations (1958) , reaching adult readers (1958), book selection policies and practices (1959) , and young adult services (1960) . In addition, live regional meetings for board members, citizens, and librarians were held in 1959 and 1960. ' All indications point to an accelerated growth in Florida's librariek, during the next 5 years with many more adequate service units. A contemplated cata- loging and processing center and some type of book bonus to speed the building of better book collections will be of continued assistance to those libraries that have completed the grant program. Statistical Summary Services \., Number Counties now receiving library service which were unnerved prior to program 7 People in these counties to whom service is now available 48, 006 Counties with some service prior. to program now receiving improved or extended service 11 Peoplp in these counties to whom this service is available 184, 525 Bookmobiles purchased under program Personnel added .- Field librarians ... 1 Other professional librarians 6 , Clerks and drivers ' 20 Others .3 Total GEORGIA Effective date of State Plan : January 1, 1957 j Two new regional libraries were established in this period. The fir* was the Sequoyah Regional Library with headquarters at Canton and now saving Cherokee, Gilmer, and Pickens Counties. The second was the Oconee RegOnal GEORGIA 45 Library with headquarters at Dublin and now serving Laurens, Truetlen, and Wheeler Counties. One new county library was established at Elberton to serve Filbert County. This area had not previously applied for the available State funds. Twenty-eight counties either Joined existing regional library systems or qualified on a county basis for all State funds for which they were eligible and began receiving bookmobile service for the first time. These counties were App ling, Bacon, Banks, Bartow, Bleck ley, Butts, Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Daw- son, Fannin, Gilmer, Gordon, Henry, Hancock, Lincoln, Long, Macon, McIntosh, Murray, Paulding, Pickens, Randolph, Taylor, Truetlen, Webster, Wheeler, and Wilcox. Demonstration programs were successful in three of the above counties (Ran- dolph, Taylor and Webster) . The Lincolns County demonstration is still in I rogress through an agreement with the Augusta-Richmond County Library. The book collection in local library systems show a net increase of 886,756 volumes. The reference collection at the State Library extension agency has been expanded and is more widely used to supplement holdings in local libraries. The number and quality of reference materials requested show a steady increase at both local and State levels. Evidence of the improved quality of resources is indicated by the fact that circulation was more than doubled in the 5-year period in many libraries. Both local and State financial support have been Fibbstantially increased since 1956. Local appropriations for public library service have increased by approx- imately 26 percent and State funds have been increased approximately 64 percent. All 33 of the State's regional library systems have new, enlarged, remodelled and/or redecorated quarters or buildings. More than one-third of the head- quarters libraries now have air-conditioning. All library systems in the program have purchased with special State library funds (which the Library Services Act made possible) time-saving equipment Knell as pasting machines, adding machines, duplicating machines, and type- writers. These libraries have also purchased additional shelving, chairs, tables, tiling cabinets, book trucks, projectors, and card catalog units. The acceptance of the program is illustrated by the following quotations from citizens and from regional library staff members : Planning bodies ,have asked for information and suggestions for improvement to keep pace with growth. Notable increase in use by business and industry, by young parents and by young adults and teenagers. Two Grand Juries endorsed the work of the Decatur-DeKalb Library through newspapers and letters stating, "Popular demands upon its (the library's) various services are such that an enlargement of its present quarters and facilities such as branch libraries is imperative." The headquarters library is becoming the Mecca for adults in this area who are doing research to aid them in improving their economic status. A new concept of library service is emerging. The library enjoys more favorable respect from officials and other citizens. The removal of the headquarters library into remodeled and much larder quarters has been a source of great pride to the community.' People now accept the regional library as a great asset to' the area. 46 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT Industry-minded city businessmen have come to be proud of their Regional Library headquarters as a community asset and to point up its services to officials coming to investigate locations as prospective sites of industrial plants. It was very exciting to see families leave tobacco fields and canning to bring croaker sacks to the bookmobile to fill them with books. A professional librarian in charge of bookmobiles and branches has added greatly to service we formerly gave. In our two new rural _counties we have been very happily received. The bookmobile service there meets a real need. It is also a privilege for certain of these people to make use of our main libtary. My child was "slow" in his reading at school this past year. Surely do want him to read with the bookmobile this summer. I am going to send him and please help him pick some books that will help him. Statistical Simmary Skrtrice8 Number Counties now receiving library service which were unnerved prior to program 1 People in these counties to whom service is now available 3, 712 Counties with some service prior to progra now receiving improved or extended servicet 122 People in these counties to whoni this servi is available 1, 791,187 Bookmobiles purchased under program 41 Per8otatel add d Field librarians i 1 Other professional librarians if 30 Clerks and drivers 52 Others 32 Total 115 GUAM Effective date of State Plan: July 1, 1957 On January 18, 1960, the Nieves M. Flores Memorial Library was moved to its new and permanent location which provided 7,500 square feet of usable space. The library is situated in a corner lot surrounded by vacant government lots ad& quate for patrons parking. The first floor of the building has 4,500 square feet and is used for the music room and magazine and retired book stacks. GUAM 47 A large portion of the Federal funds was spent to strengthen the central li- bfary. The funds materially helped this library to provide reference materials and books for adult and Juvenile readers as well as currently useful pamphlets for the vertical file collection. The purchas of "easy books" is desirable in order to interest more children in reading and to help them form good reading habits. The majority of the island population are Guainanians who read and speak Etig- Ugh but/ who have never developed a habit Of reading. Other patrons include Filipinos and State- eiders and combinations of others, some of whom have lan- guage problems. The library qualified for Federal aid in 1958. In 1959, a station wagon was purchased for delivery of books to and from the bookmobile stations. There are a total of eight stations operating under the district commissioners. Each is re- sponsible for the 200 books assigned to them and for the operations of the book- mobile stations, under the periodic supervision of a staff member from the central library. These stations are not able to give fully adequate service. Some of the commissioners' offices are situated in the police stations combined with public health clinics and with no other quarters available, the space problem became serious. The commissioners are the direct administrative represCntatives of the people. residing in the area from which they were elected. They perform duties such as the following : Cooperate with members of the Department of Public Safety in maintenance of peace and order; take census and enforce sanitation and health bins; administer the laws of Guam in their jurisdiction ; and also unofficially act as marriage counselors. The residents are hesitant to respond favorably under such conditions and the commissioners likewise feel intruded when police or private cases need privacy. All these factors exist in practically all of the bookmobile stations and are the main cause of the unsuccessful operations of the stations. The only satisfactory station now in operation is the newly established branch in Mangilao: In August 1960, a Government quonset building-- near the school was made available and a branch library was immediately established there. This station is operated by a staff member from the main library and is open twice a week with circulation average of 800 volumes weekly. It was tentatively planned to keep the station open during the school months and closed during the summer because the majority of the readers are of school age. Because the vil- lage is in an. unorganized suburban area, the statiod is inaccessible to patrons without transportation during the summer when the school buses are not operating. Another use of the Federal money was the purchase of furniture- and equip- !tient for the new building. During the renovation of this library in 1959, $4,000 worth of shelves were installed to equip the library for expanded service. An audiovisual collection has been added to our new services which includes a micro- film viewer and microfilms, a record player and records. One of the staff members benefited through an LSA scholarship plan by going abroad for postgraduate studies in library science. Current pamphlets and library tools were purchased in addition to new maga- zine subscriptions and newspapers that are in much 'demand. The tools are especially helpful to facilitate the processing of our ever-growing bookstock. Progress in Guam is slow because of some difficulties encountered in employ- ment which affects and hampers the services to some extent. Since 'the resigna- 48 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT tion of the chief librarian in August 1961, there has.-been no ont professionally qualified for the position. The work is done by experienced staff with limited professional training. In July 1958, a library assistant and a clerk-typist were employed to assist with the increased volume of work. Presently two vacancies exist for the position of Librarian III. Therefore, expansion of services is handi- capped at this point until professional vacancies are filled to direct better serv- ices to the island people. From the standpoint of legislative support, the people of the island realize the value of the library and wish to cooperate and support the project. Resolu- tion 183 was introduced by the Honorable J. T. M. Toves relative to requesting the Governor of Guam to direct the Appropriate executive agency to develop the old Asan Commissioner's Office into a branch of the Nieves M. Flores Memorial Library. During the 1961 First. Regular Session, in January the legislative body met but did not adopt the resolution. This resolution is evidence of the support of the people and the recognition of the need for a library. Statistical Summary Services Cal Villages' now receiving library service which were unserved program People in these villages to whom service is now available Villages with some service prior to program now receiving or extended service People in these villages to whom this service is available Bookmobiles purchased under prbgrain Personnel added prior to improved RP. Field librarians Other professional librarians Clerks and drivers Others Total I Guam has no counties. v HAWAII Effective date of State Plan : January 28, 1957 Number 0 0 10 59,49$ 0 0 2 The use of the Extension Division of the Hawaii County Library, consisting of one brancb and six station libraries, has been steadily increasing during the past 5 years. Circulation in the branches was 37 percent greater during the past year than during 1 95546 and loans from the bookmobile were 92 percent HAWAII 49 greater. Federal aid hinds can be said to have literally come to the rescue of the book collections, which had included far too many outdated and worn-out titles, simply because replacements could not be purchased. As these have been discarded and up-to-date and attractive titles added, the response has been marked and most heartening. An entirely new development in the Extension Division has been the young people's collections, started with the first of the Federal aid funds and continuing to be an important item in each year's purchases. Material for adult readers has also been jurchaaed in good quantity. Being able to satisfy the many demands for reliable information resulting from the present emphasis on all phases of science is a real satisfaction.- Response has been even more than hoped for and anticipated. Encyclopedias, dictionaries, and other reference materials have been pur- chased. During the 5-yetar period special requests from branches to the Exten- sin Librarian have decreased by 56 percent, those filled in the branches have increased 159 percent, and reference questions answered in the branches have increased by 481 percent. This enlargement and improvement of the branch collections has also relieved the `main library of many routine requests and allowed it to meet more adequately the continually expanding demands on its resources. A major aid in the use of these enlarged collections are the card catalogs typed for each branch and presently maintained for, them by the main library staff. Oa Increased use of the branch libraries has made further hours of opening a necessity and Federal funds have made this possible. Three have extended hours of opening to the general public, and two have opened for further sched- uled school cjass visits. Two brinches have been enabled to carry on book- mobile service, using branch books and operated by branch staff, to schools In their district. Because of its size and the expanding rural population, Honolulu's rural library service increase during the first 5 years is dramatically impressive. The Library Services Act was passed just as the island was experiencing the effects of its postwar boom. Sleepy plantation villages and beach areas formerly used mostly for weekend and vacation purposes suddenly became sites of mush- rooming Peal eqtate developments. The boost Federal aid gave the book budget, and the additional staff employed during the first year acted as springboards from which to launch into a new and more dynamic program geared to reach all of the population, not just the children and young people toward whom the major portion of rural service had been previously directed. Two LSA bookmobiles brought the first adult library service to people living in communities too small to justify branches. Large--and custom-built to meet island needsthey have made it possible to carry larger collections to more people, resulting in greater satisfaction to both staff and public. It is believed that this expanded service to rural areas had much to do with the fact that the 1959 legislature, for the first time in its history, passed the full Library of Hawaii budget request. People were beginning to realize what they had missed and wanted to be sure that they would continue to get the library service they had come to expecta fact they emphasized to their legis- lators. This same demand for libraries is reflected in the almost 2 million dollars for branch libraries included in the State capital improvement budget for this next year passed by the 1961 legislature. 50 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT A The completion of a new 11,000 square foot branch library for the town of Kai lua and the establishment of a new branch for Kaneohe (both mushrooming suburban communities on Windward Oahu) during, the last year of the 1956-61 period seemed a fitting climax for a wonderful 5 years. Both branches were enthusiastically welcomed and are steadily growing each month in circulation and reference use. Staffing is adequate, at least for the present, in the and other rural branches but plans for the next 5 years will surely have to include expenditure of a higher percentage of the budget for books and other materials and a speeding up of their processing. The study of the Processing Division made by Dr. Maurice Tauber in August of 1960 should help bring about the latter and indications Are that public demand will help provide the necessary books. The fact that hereafter each new branch library appropriation will also include an amount of money to provide a basic collection of books for the branch also helps insure that collections will not be spread too thinly. The new Extension Branch and Library for the Blind will provide attractive, functional working space for the extension and bookmobile' staff and ample storage for the collections. Statistically, rural Hawaii people boirowed 560,645 books and periodicals in 1960 -61, an increase of 83 percent in 5 years. The collection of books which served themalthough still not adequate to serve the 104,986 people living therealso showed an encouraging gain durihg the same period from 58,437 to 86,899, or 49 percent. The Kauai Public Library is a small system consisting of a central library, three branches, and a bookmobile serving 11 rural areas and 15 schools. Although the population has been declining steadily during the last decade, library registration, circulation, and support have continued at a high level. It is interesting to note that following the receipt of the first Federal aid funds, there was an increase in circulation of 10 percent. Subsequent years have shown a drop, which at the end of 1961 amounted to 4 percent. Kauai's popu- lation is declining, with a high out-migration to Honolulu of its young people. This, combined with other factors such as TV, free schoolbus service which takes students directly home after schools, all seem to contribute to this decline. In spite of this, the library had, at the end of 1961, a per capita circulation of 12.06. The new bookmobile, added in 1960-61, which will serve as a mobile branch to the many small communities scattered over the island will permit Kauai to bring library service within easy reach of practically every inhabitantadults as well as childrenwhich should be reflected in an increase in circulation to compensate for losses during the past 3 years. The Maui County Free Library provides library service for the three rural islands of Maui, Molokai, and Lanai. These volcanic islands, separated by rough channels, present unique transportation problems. To reach the outer Islands commercial. planes are used by the staff, books are usually sent by barge, and equipment by air freight. Interisland communication by radio phone is very expensive, but fortunately each island has its own toll-free dial telephone system. The growth +iif library service in this tri-isle county is quite amazing even though there has been a population decrease of 5 percent. Statistics show that in these 5 years the annual circulation rose from 278,818 to 370,784, a general increase of 25 percent., although the book collection grew only 5% per- cent during this period. The most dramatic increase was on thb island of Molo- kai, where circulation went up 63 percent, while the population grew only HAWAII 51 Browsing in one of Hawaii's bocikinobilea, operating under the Library Services Act. 17 percent. The total number of reference questiOns handled increased 214 Percent. The number of registered borrowers rose from 28 percent of the total population to 39 percent. This increased use of the library's facilities has been stimulated in 'part by the $43,200 in Federal aid funds received by the Maui County Free Library during this 5-year period. The major activities made possible by these funds include the following : Doubling the number of supervisory tripe to branch and station libraries; acquiring approximately 7,200 new books; 'preparing a com- plete card catalog and shelf list for the permanent collection in the Molokai I 52 Branch Library ; preparing pamphlet collections and purchasing vertical filet for four sub-branches; increasing hours central library is on ; and employing additional personnel. The Maui County Free Library anticipates meeting the ever-Increasing demand for its services by the addition of a modern branch `library in the fast-growing community of Kahului. Plans have been formulated for extending bookmobile service to more adults. Federal funds will be used to help put these plans into action. It seems fitting at the end of this first eventful 5 years of the Library Services Act, to sum up some of the results gained from it which will have farreaching effects on library development in Hawaii. 1. An increased interest in and realisation of the value of libraries on the part of the people and their legislators. The fact that the Federal Gov- ernment considered libraries important enough to appropriate funds for their improveMent had great psychological value. 2. The statewide survey of the Hawaii library system, conducted by Dr. Robert D. Leigh, made possible thiough use of Federal aid funds, estab- lished a pattern for the future State library system to be set up in 1961. Supplemented by the study made by Dr. Maurice F. Tauber, it focused' attention on cooperative action and development. 3. The feasibility, through the use of Federal aid funds, of bringing togeillir representatives of each of the trustee groups in the various counties to discuss common problems and work toward library development. This has- done much to reduce the problems of reorganisation because It has ,kept all trustee's informed. STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT 4. The possibility of establishing a library school at the University of Hit- . vial', possibly in connection with the East-West University, because of the interest of Dr. Leigh and Dr. Tauber, who personally discussed 11w matter with university odicials and library education authorities. Statistical Summary Services Counties now receiving library service which were unserved prior to program People in these counties to whom service is now available Counties with some service prior to progr now receiving improved or extended service 4 People in these counties to whom this service is available 224, 562 Bookmobiles purchased under program 3 Number 0 Personnel Added Field librarians Other protessional librarians___ ______ ......... ..... Clerks and drivers_ Others 0 0 4 9 ,25 IDAHO Effective date of State Plan: July 1, 1957 A review of even 5 years of Idaho library history la not simple. There is no single factor that can be isolated as decisive in the rather rapid upsurge in library deielopment In the State. Three events coalesced into an effective move- ment which has generated library development here since 1958. These three factors are the Library Services Act, the District Enabling Act for Idaho Libraries, and the reorganisation of the Idaho State Library. These events were preceded by the decisive activities of the Idaho State Library Association working through the legislative process. Primary emphasis in Idaho has been given t the development of the State Library. Prior to 1957 the State Traveling Library had no professional staff and devoted its not inconsiderable energy and its meager resources largely to tilling requests for materials mainly as school collection& In 1957 with Federal funds, with a newly appointed State LU)rary Board and a ptoteseional librarian as State librarian, the State library moved decisively into the library develop- ment scene. By 1957, the Idaho State Library Association had achieved a victory by placing on the books a law that allowed for the first time the establishment of rural Ubrary service. The legialaUve committee of the association had made a wide study of Ubrary enabling legislation with the result that two State laws 4 were most decisive in the final drafting of Idaho's legislation : the Library Law of the State of Washingtori and the Junior College District Act of the State of Idaho. The major advantages of the law were provisions for minimal require- ments for an election petition, a simple majority for victory, the independent election of district trustees, and the district library board to set its own levy up to 2 mills. Some of the disadvantages included : Districts below the size of counties could be created ; although library board trustees are elective, the initial appointments are made by County Commissioners ; cities with tax-supported libraries could not participate in the district election ; and the procedures for library consolidation seemed unnecessarily complicated. In 1957 and 1958, nine district libraries were formed in the State. The State library promoted their establishment by advising citizens on the law, providing promotional literature and by speaking to community groups. After the election, the State Library matched the initial appropriation of the new district libraries. By the spr1ngdoc1959, the initial phase of library development had plainly ended. A succession of election defeats began trend in Idaho that called for a reassessment of the program. 11 A survey of the library facilities of Boise City and its county, Ada County, by John S. Richards, Librarian Emeritus of the Seattle Public Library, recom- mended various steps for strengthening the Boise Public Library. The main weight of Its argument was that Boise could not achieve good service unless there was countywide integrated service. The State Library proposed a demonstration of librsry service in Ada County to be followed by a district election. It was planned that the new district would contract with the Boise Public Library for service. The Ada County .4 54 STATIC PLANS 'RID= TEE LIBRARY =RUM Aor demonstration began in May 1900 with central library service offered from the Bohm Public Library and servIce extended both in Boise City and Ada County through a new State-owned bookmobile. During the year over 100,000 volumes were loaned from the vehicle while 12000 new borrowers were registering for the service. Yet somewhat inappropriately, the election for the district failed during National Library Week. Although local newspaper support was strong and radio and TV coverage, excellent, the demonstration failed to make a decisive Impact upon the public mind. Certainly its opponents were aware of this and well organised In the final days. But In the anal analysis it was the failure of its anticipated friends that defeated the project. Even before the defeat of the Ada County demonstration the State library was seeking alternative inetbods to organise the State. From a -survey done in connection with the Pacific Northwest Library Association Project it was clear that the public libraries In Idaho and Montana would welcome certain centralised services provided by the Ettate. The State library decided to develop federations of libraries and use cen- tralized technical services as the first of a- number of integrating mechankuns. There are now two federations In Idaho : the Emerald Empire and the Fort Boise. They can only be mid to be barely started, yet they are all receiving centralized technical services and will in the coming year receive specific grants in aid to help brh* the participating libraries up to standard. Grants to localities are no longer made as matching dollar for dollar, but are advanced for specific purposes to meet local conditions after study by the State library. The requirement Is that the grant shall be an incentive to new or improved services. Looking back on Idaho's library development for 5 years, one cannot but be impresseil with the ins the State has made, yet while these gains are dramatic (-17 in Winne of their gro th from nearly nothing, the field for improvement remains great. It i.e still exciting to realize that the initial units of development are now part of larger organisational patternsthe federations. However, without Fed- eral or State aid on a continuing basis they might revert to their former inadequacy. Statistical Summary Services Numb Cantles now receiving library service which were unnerved rved prior to program People in these counties to whom service is now available 0 0ounUes with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service 16 People in these counties to whom this service is available..... ..... 121, 673 Bookmobiles purchased under program 2 0 Personnel added Field librarians Other professional librarians Clerks and ..... ... ......................... Otherslb 410 ...... al. "" "1."' ..............SM.................... 2 3 3 1 ILLINOIS ILLINOIS Effective date of State Plan: March 1, 1957 9 55 The Illinois plan for implementing. the library Services Act was begun in 1917 with two pilot projects both of which proved sucressful, and they have set pi.ittern for the extension and improvement of library services to rural areas throughout the State. Careful planning was used in setting up the two pilot projects which consisted of experimenting with methods of establishing a tax-supported library district and a means of cooperative support of a regional library program from existing taxsupported rural area libraries. A survey technique was used to learn the needs and desires of local rural tax- supported libraries for the improvement of rural library service. As a result of this survey, a large regional area at' 34 counties was formed into a service area which receives. supplementary service from a regional library located at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. Other regional libraries located at De Kalb and Savanna have been established under the Illinois plan and are furthering the development of rural library serv- ice in their areas. The types of services offered vary according to the needs nti desires of the particular local area being served, During the first 5 years, one new tax-supported library district has be#n formed. However; three other projects aimed at forming taxsupported library districta have not resulted in tax-supported library service. As a result of these erperienees, the State Selection Oonunittee reached an important decision: !`1%lo Library Service.; Act projects should be undertaken where an election is neces- sary to establish tax support until .such an election has actually been held. After a community or area has bad a successful election, then a project can be set up with the State and Federal funds, providing in effect an establishment grant in materials and money." One of the most encpuraging developments of the Illinois program has been tbe formation of a cooperative library service area in the Fox River Valley region of north-central Illinois. In this area the public libraries at Dundee, Elgin, and ROsOle agreed to establish cooperative library service including eeill rallied cataloging, bookmobile service at erhopping centers in towns without library facilities, and other shared library services. As a result of this pro- gram, a plan of federated libraries ham evolved which will make it possible for several townships and villages throughout the Fox River Valley to establish taxsupported units which can receive library tvervice by contract from the regional library. Library research has been an important development . in the Illinois State program. The University of Illinois 'Graduate School of Library Science, using its own demonstration laboratory and the facilities of the University's radio, television, and motion picture studies, has conducted research and produced expeflmentai radio, television, and other audiovisual aids designed to implore rural library services throughout the State ot-Illinois. Reeearch in rural li- -brary problems has also been .made by a research consultant who has conducted statewide studies, particularly those related to the establishment of larger units-- of, service. One important result of the research program conducted during the first 5 years of the Library Services Act program has beeti the establishment of a Library Research Center at the University of Illinois for fiscal year 1902. 56 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY BERVICEB Statistical Summary Services Counties now receiving library service which were unnerved prior to Program People in these countief; to whom service is now available Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service People In these counties to whom this service is available Bookmobiles purchased under program Personnel added Number R,416 56 318, 887 9 Field librarians Other prOfessional librarians Clerks and drivers others Total INDIANA Effective date of State Plan : March 1, 1%1 18 10 30 2a 81 Since Indiana began participating in the Library Serviette Act on March 1, 1961, there, was little progress to report by June M. However, the resources of the State library were strengthened by the addition of $26,596 worth of books and 13 worth of equipment. One professional librarian, one subprofessional librarian, and two clerks were added to the stair. Books amounting to $7,078 were purchased and processed for loan to the new Vigo County library. One development of significance during the report period has been the appear- ance of a more favorable attitude by librarians, trustees, and the public toward the library services program. Indiana State Prlan I. GIENISAL AND POLICIES A. All rural areas not faxed for local library service shall be considered as being without public library service and since no public library -serving an area under 10,000. population has adequate service according to na- tional and State standards, every library serving rural residents will be considered to have inadequate service. B. In selecting particular aims to be served, Judgments will be based on the . following 1. Rural population oe the area ; INDIANA 57 2. Indicated consent of local library officials to extend service to un- served rural areas either through organization of a single county unit or through federation of several existing' library units ; and the 3. Degree of local library effort in the past. METHODS OF ADMINISTRATION A. Continuation of expansion of present services from the State library to rural areas, especially advisory and book services. This can include addi- tional personnel, equipment, and materials. B. Aid in establishment of new county libraries. C. Help in improvement of existing county libraries. D. Aid to selected city libraries which are prepared to take a first step toward establishing a county library system by extending service to the unserved rural parts of their county. E. Establishment of one or more State Library regional service centers- or branches. F. Demonstrations of bookmobile service. G. The encouragement of cooperative measures between libraries. H. Surveys and research studies. I. Improvement of library personnel and services through inservico train- ing, workshops, institutes, and provision of scholarships ; cooperation with State institutions of higher education for other training programs, such as extension courses given for credit J. Workshops, conferences, and other types of inservice training for all library trustees; K. Promotional program. I I I PROGRAM FOR MARCH 1, 1961 TO JUNE 30, 1961 A. Continuation and strengthening of the State library program for service to rural areas by the purchase of additional library materials to be used in the program, including such personnel, supplies, and equipmeitt as will be necessary in making the materials available for use. B. Initiation of service to rural areas in Vigo County by the public library in. Terre Haute through bookmobile and other service. Statistical Summary Services Number Counties now receiving library service which were unserved prior to Program . 1 People in these counties to whom service is now available 108, 458 Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service 0 People in these counties to whom this service is available 0 Bookmobiles purchased under program 0 ss7-642 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT Personnel added be Number Field librarians Other professional librarians 1 ClerkI and drivers 2 mp ............... ale IND NMP q.a MIS ................ e=4111........ 1 Total 4 IOWA Effective date of State Plan : January 4, 1957 Five years of statewide library development in Iowa has brought about dra- matic changes. On July 1, 1956, the Iowa State Traveling Library was a dreary lightless place of three separate library collections, catalogs and shelf- lists ; confused organization ; wornout books, furniture, and equipment ; a pro- fessional staff of three ; and no extension program for almost 20 years. On April 13, 1956 the new library board of five members, appointed 8 months before under a new Iowa State Traveling Library Code 303.16-303.23, selected a new director. On July .13, 1956 they adopted as policy statements the National Association of State Libraries' The Role of the State Library and appropriate sections of the Iowa State plan for extension of public library service for rural areas. In August 1956 the assistant director and head of extension was appointed. Bach subsequent board meeting became an exciting new development in the strengthening of the Iowa State Traveling Library and in the progress of the rural extension program. The physical improvements under the Iowa Executive Council have meant a complete redecorating job in bright colors, new fluorescent lights throughout, new floor covering for all floors, new furniture, new equip- ment (such as five electric adding machines, six electric typewriters, etc.) and a two-floor multitier shelving unit. The Iowa State Traveling Library went from a mail-order service in 1956 to the "Reference Shelf of Iowa" in 1961. The latter term was bestowed upon the library by a member of the State legislature. Reference questions in 1956 had to be answered with outdated books, pamphlets, clipping tiles, and maga- zines. In 1961 they could be answered from a well-chosen book collection and current standard periodicals. The service to State officialsAncreased 140 per- cent in the last biennium. The service to public libraries has increased 371 percent since June 30, 1956.. Direct service to schools has been discontinued. Fixed loan collections to public libraries have been superseded by well-selected development collections. Phonodisc collections have been loaned to public libraries. The 6 libraries using record collections In 1958 increased to 33 in 1961. There are now 5,500 records in circulation in these libraries and the collections are rotated bimonthly. From no extension program to rural areas in 1956 there is now a very active program. Minimum standards for public libraries under 10,000 population were adapted and minimum collectioris of reference books were made available to libraries which met these standard& One hundred and seventy -five libraries IOWA . 59 have received $70,000 worth of essential reference books. Workshops have been held to train local librarians in the use of this material. Four field offices of the Iowa State 'Traveling Library have been set up ; the northeast in Decorah, the lower northeast in Cedar Falls Public Library, the north-central in the Mason City Public Library, and the middlewest in Jefferson. - The Iowa State Traveling Library plan of developing cooperatives among the existing public libraries and then extending services on a tax basis to the surrounding areas is succeeding. The Eastern Area Cooperative is a federation of 21 libraries and the headquarters at Cedar Falls also serves as a field office of the Iowa State Traveling Library. In addition to the 21 libraries, one county, Bremer, has appropriated funds for rural library service. The libraries receiving money from this source then pay their share to the federated system in return for books and certain services. It is anticipated that the other sur- rounding counties will soon do the same. The Raccoon Area 'Library Cooperative consists of 10 libraries in 4 counties which have established a self-supporting cooperative. One county has appro- priated funds for rural library service all of which goes into the cooperative. Another county will, without doubt, take similar action in the next year. Sixteen libraries have joined to form the Mason City Public Library Area Cooperative with headquarters at Mason City. The three counties of Corro Gordo, Worth, and Mitchell have appropriated funds to the libraries in their respective counties thus strengthening the total cooperative. In these three areas a total population of 31,536 which formerly did not have library service is now receiving service. Adjoining the Raccoon Cooperative, the counties of Boone and Sac have appropriated funds to the town public libraries for rural service. The formerly unnerved population of tbe two coun- ties in 21,64 Howard County in north-central Iowa has also appropriated county funds to its public libraries. This decreases the unserved area by 7,212. The Iowa population not served by public libraries has declined from 1,694,278 in 1955 to 808,784 in June 1961. The success of the cooperatives can be attributed to money for books and trained personnel who advise and guide local librarians and boards in methods of better library practices. With more professional *librarians coming from the two $2,000-a-year library- school scholarship program, better services can be given in the Iowa State Traveling Library in Des Moines, three or four more field offices can be opened, and several more cooperative areas can be eons° dated. I Statistical Summary Service8 NuMber Counties now receiving library service which were unserved prior to program 0 People in these counties to whom service is now available Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service T 57 People in these counties to whom this service is available 196, 556 Bookmobiles purchased under program 0 4, 60. STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT Personnel added Num her Field librarians 5 Other professional librarians 3 Clerks and drivers 12 Others_ 2 Total KANSAS Effective date of State Plan: July 1, 1957 4 During the participation of the Traveling Libraries Commission in the LSA program, the chief objective has been the broadening and strengthening of the State agency's services in order to reach more effectively the rural population without local libraries and to increase its services to public libraries in towns of 10,000 or less. This has been done through book collection loans, consultant services, publications, and professional leadership. The legal authority of the agency was amplified in 1957 to include services other than book loaning which was the chief function formerly provided. The amendment authorizes the establishment of regional or area branches ; and permits the commission to give consultant services, assist with the organization of county and regional libraries, and maintain contractual control of any projects in which the State or Federal funds are used. Moving the agency into new quarters was planned prior to the acquisition of Federal funds. However, the increased staff and working areas, plus new equipment which included an addressograph machipe, audio-visual equipment, two bookmobiles, and two station wagons, have greatly facilitated the work of the agency. The staff has been increased by six positions, three clerical and three professional. About 50 percent of the Federal money has been used each year for books with additional amounts providing a small collection of films, language teaching records, and professional materials for use by librar- ians and organizations throughout the StAte. A beginning step in the State plan was the study of existing county libraries. Three such studies were requested by county libraries and Federal funds were used for consultant assistance with the studies and for printing the final report. By 1961 all three studies had been completed and the final reports will be used as the basis for workshops and for the promotion of cooperation between the county libraries. In order to give direct assistance to the more active rural libraries, the 52 which are open at least 30 hours a week were offered grants in the form of such materials as adult and children's encyclopedias, a world atlas, an un- abridged dictionary, and a book of quotations. These were distributed on the basis of the age of the library's holdings and were chosen by the local librarian. Thirty-seven libraries took advantage of the offer and received the books on a long-term loan basis with the understanding that newer editions may be pro- vided at a later date. A Western Kansas temporary office has been maintained with the assistance of the librarian at the Port Hays Kansas State College, where quarters were KANSAS 61 used for one year for a consultant who visited the libraries in that part of the. State. An intensive schedule of field visits was followed, assistance was given with organization meetings, and bookmobile exhibits were conducted: More than 75 libraries were visited more than once ; but, because of the lack of staff, the work had to be discontinued. It is considered a priority need and will be resumed when The Traveling Libraries Commission's book collection has been enlarged and improved by increased purchases of both eurreni and standard titles. Etpensive, Apecialized, or beautifully illustrated titles have been acquired for special book collections which are loaned with special posters for exhibit or circulation in small libraries. In addition to this improvement. of the collections, it has also been necessary to build a backlog of books for use. in the county and regional library demonstration projects. Besides this, relatively large collections of books were chosen on the basis of the three-county library studies and allocated on long-term loan to the cooperiting county libraries. Nearly $12,000 was spent for these books which included reference titles and adult and children's books of standard and current titles. Further elaboration of the direct loan of books may be possible during the next few years. Some workshop activities have been included in the State plan each fiscal year. of interest to either librarians or trustees, four of each are held in different parts of the State in order to make attendance as convenient as possible. A State library consultant discusses library development with librar- ians and trustees of rural librariesin Kansas. 62 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT Staff -and equipment from the Traveling Libraries Commission have also been used to assist with the six annual district meetings of the Kansas Library Association. During each National Library Week, staff assistance and ex- hibits of-books and the bookmobile have been available to libraries on request. Thus far, the bookmobiles have been used in actual operation in Kingman County for 3 months and in the newly started regional demonstration. During the 3 months, one of the library consultants lived in Kingman and acted as bookmobile librarian. The new demonstration, which has been operating in Pot- tawatomie and Wabaunsee Counties since June 1, 1961, is operated by a book- mobile librarian and a driver, both of whom are permanent State employees. Since there are no large libraries in either county, the bookmobile is the chief method of furnishing books. Three very small libraries in one county serve as branches to which additional books have been loaned during the demonstra- tion period. Collections of appropriate books are located in the Agriculture Extension offices in the county seat towns of both counties. Several new publications have been made possible by the Library Services Act. A special bibliography was compiled and published for the centennial year. Two folders about bookmobile service have been reprinted several times and distributed throughout the State from the bookmobile at fairs and meet- ings. The Kansas Library Bulletin which is published four times a year has been enlarged and improved. Its circulation to a mailing list of nearly 4,000 makes it a significant budget item. "Besides the publication of the reports of Reading is more fun when h is shared. KANSAS 63 the county library studies, it has been possible to revise and reprint the trustee handbooks, the finance handbook, and the management handbook. The State appropriation to the Traveling Libraries Commission has been increased each year. While the increase has not been tremendous, its consist- ency has showu a recognition of the work of the iagency during the tight-budget administrations. Statistical Summary Services Counts now receiving library service which were unserved prior to program People in these counties to whom service is now available Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service People in these counties to whom this service is available Bookmobiles purchased under program Personnel added Field librarians Other professional librarians Clerks and drivers Others Total KENTUCKY Effective date of State Plan: April 1, 1957 Number 1 7,212 104 1, 171, 229 2 2 1 3 0 6 When one recalls that 5 or 10 years ago there was very little library service in most of Kentucky's rural counties, one realizes that tremendous progress has been made. In 195546, most counties were not particularly interested in library service ; ignorance of such service, indifference, and complacency were found almost everywhere. In those counties which had libraries, progress was often considered good when a few dozen books were purchased annually for the library. No one thought of trying to interest the nonuser of the library and few tried to obtain income increases, being content to rely on donated funds. Cooperation between counties was unheard of, and indeed was considered impossible to attain. Ken- tucky is still seriously hampered by inadequate local and State support for libraries, and service is still not adequate. Nevertheless, the groundwork for future progress is being laid. The greatest single accomplishment has been to bring large numbers of rural people farmers, housewives, unemployed, small businessmen, day laborers, and workers of all kinds into libraries and bookmobiles. Preschool children, children of 64 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT school age, teenagers and literary adults have been interested and have used bookmobiles and libraries from the beginning. They did not need to be sold. Another noteworthy accomplishment is that counties are beginning to see the need for further improvement. Formerly if a pitifully inadequate library existed, everyone had reacted with the same response : "We have a library !" Now they are seeing for themselves, that better library and bookmobile service is .worth working for. Library collections previously consisted largely of fiction and bestsellers. Nonfiction was represented mostly by out-ditted gifts. No reference tools were available. Books were mostly not cataloged. .."Task forces" from the Library Extension Division have concentrated on many libraries, building good catalogs, weeding out worn and useless books, helping to paint and fix up libraries, and constantly urging local citizens to improve facilities and support their libraries Wonderful cooperation has been achieved between regional and field librarians who help each other when the need exists. The results have been startling, particularly in rural areas, although statistics do not show the full extent of the changes. Local librarians and library boards in regions are beginning to work together to improve library service. This can only be considered as a miracle. More training is still needed by local librarians, but many have attended the workshops supported in. large part by the Friends of Kentucky Libraries. Their, improved efficiency has been widely noted. More fully trained librarians are needed ; permissive legislation has been proposed for the State to provide scholarships for such training each year. In 1955-56, there were 80 libraries in Kentucky with an appro r ation from the county. The total provided by county governVents was $108 .267. Total income from all sources was $1,305,939. Ninety-lbookmobiles were operating in 94 counties. The total circulation was 6,283,724. The. great increase in circulation was due largely to the bookmobiles which began running in 1954. In 1960-81, there were 103 libraries in Kentucky with an appropriation from the county. The total provided by county governments was $189,180. Total income from all sources was $1,870,900 (13 'counties have not yet reported). Forty -six counties were cooperating in nine regional libraries. Twelve bookmobiles in 12 counties were replaced during 1961 by nine large, new bookmobiles of more than doubled capacity. Three smaller counties in an- other area were then able to receive service for the first time by the use of the three bookmobiles this released. This made a total of 96 bookmobiles giving county service. Library statistics for the last decade show a significant upward trend : County support for libraries and bookmobiles almost doubled from 195N-56 to 1960-61. Total support increased 30 percent over 1955-56. The increase in library circulation from 1955-56 to 1960-61 has been due largely to the gradual development of multicounty regions with State and Fed- eral funds. In those counties where such development is taking place, library circulation is climbing where previously it had been comparatively static. Bookmobile circulation cannot be expected to increase much beyond the present level without greatly increased State and local funds for new bookmobile books to replace those now worn -out. Obviously, use is increasing far faster than in- come. Thus it is apparent that counties must vote for a local tax for library and bookmobile service. Eight counties will vote for or against such a tax this No- vember (1961) . Since the property tax base In most counties is low, the income derived from this source will still be low. It has been concluded therefore, that State support for this program needs to be quadrupled in the next 5 years. Fed- eral funds cannot be increased until 1966-67, when the Library Services Act ,will be terminated. State support has not been static since theadvent of the Bookmobile Project and the Library Services Act. In 1 nri-56, this appropriatiOn was $176,950 and in 1960-61 the budget was $427,250 including State participation in regional de- velopment and $67,500 for the purchase of bookmobiles. If the vote by counties for a local tax for library and bookmobile service can be greatly accelerated to include many more counties, and If the State recognizes the overwhelming possibilities of a program which can give all kinds and ages of people well-organized educational, informational, and recreational opportunities, thereby supporting a greatly expanded program, and If the Federal Government can be shown in 1966 that a greatly expanded per- manent base of Federal aid will assure educational opportunities for everyone, then : Kentucky will be in excellent shape to go forward with a truly basic, necessary program of voluntary self-education and self-help for everyone. Through good, active, exciting library and bookmobile service, self-education will become fun and a popular, glamorous activity 'mall parts of the State, no matter'how isolated or rural. Statistical Summary Services Nom ber Counties now receiving library service which were unserved prior to Program 0- People in these counties to whom service is now available 0 Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service 46 People in these counties to whom this service is available 842, 811 Bookmobiles purchased under program_. 9 Personnel added Field librarian's 1 Other professional librarians 11 Clerks and drivers 24 Others 0 Total------ -------- - - - - - -- r SOD B ------ ow ow 4m. mw ............ LOUISIANA ti Effecfive date of State Plan : January 17, 1957 36 With funds available under the Librarir Services Act; Louisiana continued its demonstration plan It quickened speed, opening libraries in 11 parishes without service and bringing books and reading to almost 160,000 persons previously un- 66 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT served by public libraries. The program has been a cooperative one with sup- port for the trial year coming from local, State, and Federal funds. In 7 of these J,1 parishes (4 are still in the demonstration stage) , local taxpayers voted continuing support for public library service prior to the close of the demonStea- tion. In one of the current demonstrations, local support has already been voted assuring the continuation of thr service. The three other parishes com- prise a regional demonstration, financed and directed by the State library for a 2-year period. In three other parishes, with lilprary service prior to the Library Services Act program, service wits strengthen id and extended. In one, a bookmobile demon- stration reached approximately 30,000 persons who lived in rural areas outside the parish seat and who had no easy access to branch libraries beyond the city limits. Before the conclusion of the demonstration the governing body of the pariah appropriated funds for the continuation of the bookmobile service. In the other two parishes with a combined population of 30,660, the State library is providing two professional assistants to improve the service and to "demonstrate" the advantage of cooperative efforts in a 2-year demonstration still in progress. The plan provides for supervision of library service in these two parishes under an experienced administrator. In addition, each parish profits by having an extra person with some library training added to the staff thus improving the quality of service. Rook budgeter which have been substantially increased because of a saving to each parish on the salary of an administra- tive librarian shared by the two parishes make more books available. Book processing is centralized and supervised by the administrative librarian. Duig the lgst year of the 5-year program, part of the book collection was ordered and processed for a demonstration for the spring of 1962. This demon- stration was to be supervised by the parish librarian in an adjoining, locally supported parish library with a 1950 population of 40,139. Funds .provided under the Library Services Act made possible the produc- tion of Libraries for Louisiana, the film-story of the State Lib?ary's demonstra- tion program. Released in early 1960, it is a 20-minute sound and color movie, filmed at the State library and at two distinctive parishes in demonstration areas. 4. Seven prints of the film are crned by th0 State library and were shown as noted below : In 25 of Louisiana's 64 parishes with a total attendance of 4,2e3 at 100 showings. _ In 19 States with a total attendance'of 340 at 32 showings. In 1 foreign country ( Australia ) to 280 persons. On 3 television stations. Total showing numbered 14$ ; total attendance, 4,908. Groups viewing film included civic, educational, and agricultural such as Chambers of Commerce, 4totai7, PTA, Lions, Home Demonstration ; graduate library sclux)1 students: high school students ; and library staffs. Tangible results of the Recruiting Program which was inaugurated September 1959 are reflected in increased enrollment in both undergraduate and graduate library education programs. Two hundred and one persons enrolled in nine .graduate library programs during 1960-61, 74 persons in graduate school each semester at the LAU Library School, and 102 during the 1901 summer term. These training opportunities have resulted in better-qualified persons entering lor LOUISIANA 67 the field, in more letters of inquiry about library career opportunities, and in more applications for employment. Among the intangibles which cannot be measured but should not be overlooked is the increased awareness by the public of the importance of libraries and librarianship. In 1961, the State library awarded its first $2,000 scholarship as part of the Recruiting Project. Two others have been awarded for fiscal 1962. Recipients must be residents of Louisiana or neighboring States, hold a Bachelor's degree from a 4-year college or university, be acceptable scholastically and personally by an American Library Association accredited library school, and agree to work two years after graduation in a Louisiana library serving rural areas. Statistical Summary Services Noisier Parishes now receiving library service which were unnerved prior to program 11 People in these parishes to whom service is now available 150, 778. Parishes with some service prior to program now ?Receiving improved or extended service 3 People in these parishes to whom this service is available 00, 660 Bookmobiles purchased under program_____ ______ ____ ............ 12 Peraannel added Field librarians 0 Other professional.librarians. 21 Clerks and drivers 38 Others Total 50 I 4 MAINE Effective date of State Plan: July 15, 1957 The chief goal of the LSA program in Maine has been to expand the State I.:brary's bookmobile service to the small communities in the State without local libriry service. There are 2I6 such communities, all of them too small to sup- port adequate library service with local resources. Of these 2443 commumities, 74 were previously being served by two bookmobiles started with State appro- priation, one in 1953 and the other in 1935. SiNe approval of the State plan in the summer of 1957, four additional bookmobiles have gone into operation. In June 1938, a bookmobile begiin operatioi in northern Aroostook County, serving 27 towns with 4a total population of 22,000. In December 1958, a book- mobile began serving 40 communities in southern Aroostook and northern Wash- ington and Penobscot counties. In January 1960, a fifth bookmobile area was set up in the western part of the State. Thirty-one communities are included, 68 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT the smallest having a population of 19 and the largest, 1,500. In -February 1961, 24 more communities In the central part of the State were added to the list of those receiving bookmobile service. Between June 1958 and February 1961, 122 small towns with a total popula- tion of close to 70,000 began receiving direct book service as a result of the plan developed under the Library Services Act. Extension of the already established advisory service to small libraries is also a principal 'objective of the plan. To ambit in accomplishing this a field advisory librarian and a children's specialist were added to the staff. These two assist= ants work with the extension librarian in giviag advice and assistance to local libraries. I In Addition to field visits to libraries giving advice concerning library activi- ties and procedures, several related activitlea have been conducted. The monthly Downcast Newsletter, *darted in the fall of 1957 and sent to all public libraries in the State, has served as a medium for discussion et such topics as library budgeting, book selection policy, public rerations, recruiting. and many others. Membership in the North Country Libraries Film Service, a cooperative ven- ture of Maine, New Hampshire, and A7ermont, has made it oossible to offer film service to small libraries. The film on library service in New England. The Day the Rooks West Blank. sponsored jointly by the State library agencies of the six New England States. will be a useful aid in Informing lay groups concerning modern library services, pointing out the benefits to be derived through cooperation. A survey being made in 1961 by L. Marion Mot hier will evaluate public library services in the State and the State Library's services to public libraries and will make recommendations for future developments. lt is hoped that this surrey will serve AR the foundation for the development of standards for public libraries in Maine, based upon ROMP system of cooperation. Statistical Summary Set-view' we Towns now receiving library service which were unnerved prior to Number program l 22 People in these towns 'to whom service is now available 69, 660 Towns with some service prior to program now receiving improved or 1 extended service People in these towns to whom this service is available A Bookmobiles purchased under program .11 Personnel added Field librarians 2. Other professional librarians 1 Clerks and drivers 8 Others 4 Total 15 MARYLAND MARYLAND 69 Effective date of State Plan: September 11, 1957 Maryland's program for the use of the LSA funds has been in operation for slightly less than 4 years, The original, plan had as its objectives: the establish- ment of county libraries in all mantles, the improvement and extension of exist- ing to rural areas, ind the development of cooperative practices to strengthen rural services and resources. The plan therefore covered the entire State* And was not divided into separate projects. All counties with county public libraries established under the Maryland-law and eligible to receive State aid grants were considered eligible to apply for LSA grants. Special establish- ment grants were made to new libraries during the first year of their operation. Seven new county libraries have been organized with the stimulation and assistance of LSA funds and have qualified for grants of $12,000 or $20,000 for the first year. With only 23 counties in Maryland, the addition of 7 county libraries is almost one-third of the total number in the State. As of June 19610 only one county does not have plans for complete county library service. Four of these new county libraries are on the Eastern Shone (Caroline, Dor- chester, Kent, Worcester), one is in Southern Maryland (Calvert), one is In central Maryland (Carroll ) and one is in western Mar 'hind (Allegany) . As soon as the three newest ones begin to give full service, more than 98 percent of the population of the State will be served by public libraries. These seven libraries serve a 1900 population of 241,122, of which 181,156 is rural. The first two libraries established, Calvert and Carroll, show steady growth each year in bookstock, local income, and circulation. Allegany and Worcester County libraries have been in operation since 1960. Both consolidated the services of existing town libraries, began bookmobile service, and set up countywide organisation and prOcedures. The other three libraries in Caro Ithe, Dorebeater, awl Kent counties were not established until after January 1961, and statistics are not yet available for their operation. These seven counties have received a total of $114,889 of LSA funds since the program began. All have purchased or are planning to purchase bookmobiles using LSA funds for part of the cost. During the same period the basic grant of LSA funds to county libraries has been used to increase Local book stocks and to extend bookmobile, branch and other rural services. It has been particularly useful to the smaller county libraries in strengthening their own meager book resources. but of a total rural population of 801,411 (1950 census), only 64,890 have not been eligible for and benefited from LSA funds. Most of the people have access to some local' public library service.- In Frederick County, 44,445 rural residents are free. to use the city library in Frederick, but there is no extension of city library services out into rural areas. In Somerset County, two small town libraries serve a small segment of the 20,745 people living in the county. An Important objective of the Maryland plan has been to encourage the develop- !Dent of cooperative programs among libraries. in order to strengthen the quality of services .and resources aviailable frotn the smaller county libraries. The revision of the p'an in 1960 this a significant step in -this direction by making funds available t) libraries which planned cooperative projects. The first such grant was made to the library boards of Charles, St. Mary's, and Calvert Countief which agreed to try to solve some of their staff shortages through cooperation. They formed-.the Southern Maryland Regional Library. Association, 70 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT which employs a library administrator for the three counties, provides centralized cataloging and processing, and is developing other services and resources on a cooperative basis. An executive committee composed of the presidents. of the three boards decides on policies affecting the multicounty operation. Library policies aka single county are still determined by the local boards. Each county library is operated as an independent unit except for the activities and services thaethe three agree should be performed by the Association and for which each county pays a certaik amount into the joint fund. At 'present the regional association staff is composed of one chief library administrator, one part-time cataloger, and two clerk-typists. A position of assistant library administrator has been authorized by the Association and will be filled in September 1961. This cooperative arrangement has allowed this area of about 85,000 people to gain strength by sharing. Books move freely from one county to another, board members and staff members meet and confer on common problems, people are aware of libraries in Southern Maryland, and both library userand local library appropriations have increased markedly. County commissioners are beginning to see the values of this cooperative arrangement and they are no longer so afraid that one county's money may be spent to the advantage of another county. The people participating in this venture seem to be convinced that it is working successfully and that the further improvement of library service in Southern Maryland will be accomplished through the Association. Another significant project began on the Eastern Shore less than a year ago, when Wimmito and Worcester Counties decided to make maximum joint use of the books transferred from the Division of Library Extension by setting up an area reference center, the Lower Shore Area Library Center. This center supplies collections of books to the libraries in the two counties, answers ref- erence questions, prepares exhibits and display materials, and performs the ordering, cataloging, and processing of all books for the two counties. In Janu- ary 1961, the new Dorchester County Library Joined in the project. Plans have been made to expand the present operation so that technical proc- A 'easing can be performed for all the counties on the Eastern tShore. The other libraries on the shoie have decided to take advantage of this plan and will join the project in late 1961, using combined local and LSA funds from each county to support the cost of the center. 'At the present time, the enter has a staff of one cataloger, one full-time and one part-time clerk and is operated through a contractual agreementbetween the three boards. Cooperative projects in other sections of the State have included inservice training sessions for staff, sharing of books and other ,materials, joint book lists and exhibits, and the sharing of experienced professional staff members. Statistical Summary Service8 Counties now receiving library service which were unnerved ,teior to program - People in these counties to whoin service is now available CotInties with some service prior to program riow receiving improved or extendeidirvice People in thete- tmties to whom this service is available Bookmobiles pu under program Number 1 12,100 20 724,421 7 MARYLAND Per8(Y1111e1 added 71 Number Field librarians Other professional librarians 1 Clerks and drivers 1 Others Total 2 MASSACHUSETTS Effective date of State Plan: January 15, 1957 The local public library is a Massachusetts tradition. The State has had for many years a bumper crop of public libraries. With about the highest per capita rate of local library support in the Nation, Massachusetts pays more as its share of the overall tax burden to support Federal aid programs than it gets in aid. At first glance, it might seem that the Bay State had little to gain from a program of Federal aid for public libraries. It might look as if the Federal dol- lars available tinder the Library Services Act were really no bargain. But Mas- sachusetts did participate in the LS2A1 program right from the beginning ; and during the intervening 5 years dramatic things have been happening in its small public libraries. I Many byproducts of the programthe awakened and increased interest in cooperative library efforts, the beneficial effects on local library programs of librarians' participation in inservice training workshops and clinics, the gradual Roving ahead toward attainment of national standards of local public library service, the growing awareness of the public library's important place in the community's total education picturedo not lend themselves to statistical analysis, but they are very real qualitative results of the State's participation in the Federal grant program. The records for statewide public library service as a whole and for the Library Division in the floor-year prior to LSA as compared with those records at the close of the 1961 fiscal year speak volumes. In the State as a whole, public library income from locally appropriated funds has increased 32.7 percent, public library expenditures for books have increased 30 percent, puplic library salary expenditufes show a 37-percent increase, and book circulation from public libraries increased 3.3 percent. State appropriations for this agency show a 31.5-percent increase which amounts to a 105-percent increase when the Federal funds 'are added to the State appropriation. The Library Dillision shows ( a 68-percent increase in staff, a 33.3-percent increase in regional units giving supplementary service, a 119-percent increase in like books circulated via bookmobiles from the regional centers, and a 16.5,-- percent increase in interlibrary loan circulation. In brief, the principal aim aid policy .of the Massachusetts LSA Plan ms to reduce inequalities in rural library service by providing from the State sere- 72 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES Acr ices which were impracticable for small communities to provide themselves. A regional library service center was set up in the- northeastern area to serve 28 rural communities with a total population of 104,354, and a per capita library income of $1.20. The per capita public library income in the area is now $2.38. The public library expenditure for books has increased 96 percent and for salaries 144 percent. The book circulation from the area libraries has increased 48 percent. Eighteen of the 28 libraries have increased their hours of opening. Federal funds made it possible to expand and improve the information role of 'the State agency. The monthly Newsletter now regularly presen3t ews of importance' to libraries on library needs and accomplishments. The enlarged staff permits more advisory and consultative work with local librarians, more opportunity for staff program participation to discuss public library develop- 4 went plans, the possibilities of cooperative efforts, and the potentialities of a State aid program for libraries. Many new approaches to the training of librarians and library assistants in small rural communities have beeii tried and promoted. The response has been phenomenal. In 1961 alone, the Division sponsored and conducted 28 inservice training activities which attracted 947 librarians and library trustees. An additional 191 librarians were enrolled in university extension courses in library science which the Division assists in organizing. Comments such as this indicate how vital and how much needed are inservice training opportunities on a con- tinuing schedule. I can't say enough as to what I got out of it. I came away with more ideas an_d inspiration than I ever would have otherwise. Just working in your own library, you are concerned primarily with what you are doing 1 without too much planning of "what more can I do." It's an experience no librarian in a small town should mill, no matter how much or. how little she thinks she knows: Federal aid for the further extension of public library services in rural areas has made an impact on statewide library services. The most dramatic effect was the passage of a State aid to public libraries law. Massachusetts now has the legal framework as well as the financial means with which to establish a comprehensive statewide program of regional public library systems which will build on the rich resources of our largest libraries and bring about an equalization of library Eiqrviceta in rural and urban areas. In Massachusetts, 5 years of the Library Services Act has brought about the following: 1. Increased support at the State level for the library extension agency. 2. An expansion of the agency's staff and income, which has permitted a gearing up of all advisory, supervisory, informational, operational, and planning functions. 3. Greater citizen interest and participation in public library programs, which has been reflected in better local support for public libraries and a tremendous increase in the news coverage on libraries. 4. The most dramatic legislative recognition of the importance of Public libraries in this Commonwealth since 1890. I 4 MASSACHUSETIS Statistical Summary erfrice8 73 Number Towns now receiving library service which were unserved prior to program 0 People in those towns .to whom service is now available_______.____ 0 Towns with some service prior to program now receiving improyed or extended service 305 People in these towns to whom this Service is available 1, 055,191 Bookmobiles purchased under program..... ......... 1 Pereennel added Field librarians_...................... .......... ..... 4 Other professional librarians 2 Clerks and drivers 2 Others 0 Total - MICHIGAN Effective date of State Plan: January 1, 1957 14 In January 1957, the State Plan for the use of Federal funds in Michigan \\ was sent to Washington for approval. The general aims and purposes of plan were to further improve and extend public library service to rural areas without library services or with inadequate services, to achieve bical support of such services at the highest possible level, to encourage cooperative and coordinated sirstems of libraries, to strengthen the resources add services of the State Library agency in order to provide the most effective leadership for the further library development in the State, and to improve the climate of opinion and arouse citizen interest and enthusiasm for the extension and improvement of rural library services. Duritig the 5-year period, several serious setbacks to the carrying out of these aims and purposes were encountered. The Michigan legislature delayed giving its consent to the expenditure of Federal funds until May 15, 1957, so that the program was delayed a full 6 months at its inception. In 1959, the financial difficulties of the State government caused a freezing of all funds for several months, and again the program was delayed. Such delays handicapped projects far more than the few months in which there were no funds would indicate. Timing for elections was thrown off, and one project had to be dropped entirely because turnover of board membership produced a situation which resulted in the stopping of the project. A third major obstacle was the shortage of professional personnel, both in project areas and at the State Library. This serious lack postponed one project for a full year;, another, for 6 months ; and seterely hampered several others. In spite of these obstacles, much was accomplished. Most important of all 687-842 0-88---6 74 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT was the/development of the State-Wide Plan for Public Library Service. Based cm -research and study, the principles developed by the American Library Asso- elation's. Public Library Service, and assisted greatly by an advisory committee of librarians, trustees and. interested citizens, a tentative plan was drawn up by the State Board for Libraries. This plan was publicized and then was accepted in principle by the membership of the Michigan Library Association at its annual meeting in October 1960. The three major concepts underlying thisu long-range statewide plan stated that (1) every resident of Michigan should have equal access to good library service ; (2) public libiaries should form a network of libraries made up of levels Of service ; and (3) the cost of each level of service should be shared by libraries which benefit from it and, when necessary, by the State. No library should be expected to pay more thin it istreceiving in the way of service. Parts of the Statelan are already in operation ; others will surely follow within the next 5 years: During the first 5 *years of the LA program many projects to extend and improve library service in Michigan's-rural areas were develod. Over 600,000 people received library service fbr the first time or received improved library service with the assistance of, funds, materials, or services provided by the Library Services Act. Two new county libraries, seven new local libraries, and four new deposit stations were esta fished. Nine libraries had major building renovations. Eight libraries either c structed new library buildings or were relocated in better buildings partly or ntirely as a result of interest developed through Library Services Act projects. Eighteen libraries had major renovation of collection, weeding, and cataloging. Eleven cooperative library groups or systems were established to serve 117 libraries in 24 counties in various ways. Two processing centers were established serving 27 libraries. The West Central Library Project serves 19 libraries in 6 counties, and- the Grand Trav- erse Area Project serves 8 libraries in 5 counties. Ninety-six local 'libraries and eight county libraries were assisted with book loans. These books were loaned from the Library Development hook and record loan collection which had grown to 125,499 books and 2,409 recordings by June 30, 1961. The loan periods vary from 1 to 3 years in most cases. Eight graduate scholarships of $2,000 each End seven library aide scholarships of $500 each have been granted. Thitie of the graduate sholarship winners Dave completed their work and are now employed in Michigan libraries. The first of the library aid graduates is working as a bookmobile assistant. In.addition to the statewide study, which resulted in the' State-Wide Plan for Public) Library Service, several other studies were made, either by the State Library Staff or with the assistance of outside _consultants. Each gave form and direction to a project and assisted in moving forward the ply for developing statewide service. In October 1957, a brief study of' the functions, physical condition, and future plans of the State Library was made by Emerson Greenaway of the Free Library of Philadelphia. His visit sparked a self-study of the functions and performance of the Michigan State Library in which the entire staff participated. A study of Oakland County residents' desire for libraries and willingness to pay for them preceded the North Oakland Library project. Late in 1959, a &month study of Dickinson, Menominee, and Delta Counties led to the formation of the Dickinson County Library Program to be followel. by a idemonstration. of library ,service in Delta County. -In 1961, a study was made by Mrs. Mary L. Eckford of the Librari Services Center of Eastern Ohio at Barnesville, Ohio, to determine !feasibility and possible costa of a processing ccnter to serve the MICHIGAN 75 ,entire western side of the lower peninsula from Grand Rapids, an area tenta- tively determined by the State-Wide Plan for Public Library Service. As a result of this survey, WoriE is in progress looking toward the establishinent of a processing center in that area, and a similar study Is getting underway in the Upi)er Peninsula at the presept time,. To tell the library story is one of the most important tasks to be undertaken in extending library service statewide. The public relations unit has sent releases to newspapers all over the State and prepared hundreds of spot radio, and TV announcement& Newsletters, brofchures, pamphlets and many other items have been readied for use in project areas and throughout the State. The chief publicist has also served as executive secretary for National Library Week. The Michigan Council for Better Libraries, organized in 1958, has a member- ship of nearly 100 prominent citizens, librarians, and library trustees. They have talceik an active part in National Library Week, and have also been much interested in assisting in the formation of new Friends of the Library groups. Within the last year, a dozen new groups havNbeen started and five or six more are in the formative stages. Another activity which should be mentioned is the establishment of a film circuit, first for the West Central Library Project and North Oakland' Library Project area libraries, then extended in 1961-62 to other libraries in the State. Bookmobile exhibits have taken our three State-owned' bookmobiles to every corner of the Stilte and to many of the county fairs as well as the State Fair at Detroit and the Upper Peninsula fair in Escanaba. Workshops and meetings involving many hundreds of trustees, librarians, and others have been held dur- ing this period to help librarians meet certification requirements, to inform li- brarians and trustees about the State-Wide Plan for Public Library Service, and to help show citizens and libraiians in project areas that cooperative activity is possible, desirable and of first importance in bringing library service to all the rural residents of the State. Statistical Summary Services Number Counties row receiVing library service which were unserved prior to program 0 People in these counties to whom service is now available 0 counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service 30 People in these counties to whom this service is available 508, 247 Bookmobiles purchased under program 1 0 Per8onnel added Field librarians . - 3 Other professional librarians 1 Clerks and drivers . 17 Others .r , 1 sTotal 22 76 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT MINN TA Effective date of State Plan: November 9, 1956 in the first 5 years of the Library Services Act, the rural library development program established in Minnesota under the LSA State Plan has had an impact out of all proportion to the amount of money involved. The most important single event was the establishment by the 1957 Legislature of the first State-aid to public libraries in the history of the State. Although this has not been a large sum, averaging only about $125,000 a year, it has enabled Minnesota to match the Federal funds available, thereby greatly increasing the money for establishing and improving public library services in the rural areas. On the other band, the State funds provided for the public library extension function of the State Library agency have not been increased to any measurable extent. The result is that the strengthening of the State agency by the addi- tion of personnel, library materials and equipment, which is considerable, has come almost entirely from LSA funds. These additions have made it possible to accomplish a number of things in addition to .the stimulation of rural library development in connection with the granting, of 'id funds described below. Many small public libraries and rural communities depend on the State agency collection-1n part or in whole for their supply of .up-to-date readable books and specific information. The percentage of requests for such which the State agency has been able..to fill has increased tremendously. Although exact statistics on this are not available, it is estimated that this service has doubled in quantity and percentage since the LSA funds became available. The greatest impact of the Library Services Act on Minnesota lies, however, in the development of systems of rural public library service through the grants- in -aid,program established by the State Legislature in connection with and stim- ulated by the Library Services Act. Since this program requires substantial local effort in order to qualify for aid funds, it has not been spread over any large area. But it incorporates the principle that any services which have been established can be regarded as pertnament, since a basis of local support has been formed before any financial aids are granted. Tax funds for the support of rural library services in the three counties and three regions whiob have established new public library sygtems have increased more than 500 per- cent since 1957, the last fiscal year before the aid program was begun. The State-aid program did not begin until the second year of participation in LSA. Organizing Libraries A total of 17 counties have quaffed for aid funds in the 4 years since the .incorporation of the grant program in the State LSA Plan. According to the 1950 Census, the population of these 17 counties was 366,045, with 278,143 counfed as previously Served, but inadequately. The following developments have taken place : Dakota County joined with Scott County for the establishment of the Dakota-Scott Regional Libfary, ing 50,596 people. Isanti County joined with Mine Lacs County and. Pine County to form the East Central Regional Library, serving 43,574 people. Clay County 6 oft a /- a MINNESOTA 77 Joined with Norman County to form the Lake Agasilz Regional Library, serving 28,402 rural people plus the population of the city of Moorhead (14,870) which does not benefit from the LSA funds. Anoka County established a county lit brary serving 20,008 people. Chippewa County established a county library serving 16,207 people. Polk County established a county library serving 35,900. people. Imprving Established Libraries The Blue Earth, Kandiyobi, Coochiching, Martin, Nobles, Stearns and Waseca ke.unty libraries serving a total of 163,183 people brought their services up to a iiiore adequate leVel by the addition of books, films, tbe,replacement or addition of a bookmobile, anti/or thebestablishment of new community outlets: for service. The Growth of Library Service : Materials and Equipment Over' 100,000 new books have been added` th these libraries, an increase of nearly 30 percent in book resources available. Ten libraries began 16 mm., film service, each providing a supply of 180 different film titles during 1960. The use of books (circulation to the public) has increased from 705,186 in 1956 to 1,442,- 04 in 1960, an increase of over 100 percent The new. county anal regional li- braries all secured bookmobiles, ign e of the older cou bookmobile, and two of the .older county libraries repla This bare summary cannot tell the wholt story. The p libraries has been steadily improving, and general libr y libraries aaaect a bookmobiles. blic attitude toward support has im- proved with it. Statewide public library expenditures have increased over a million dollars per year, and public library use has increased nearly two mil- lion books per year since 1956. Although there have been other factors in this growth ( such as promotional efforts of NatioRal Library Week) , there appears to be little question but that a considerable part of this general improvement of the library picture can be,credited to the stimulation provided just by the existence of the LSA prograin, even -in those areas where no .LSA funds were spent. _The initiation of the State's first program of aid to public libraries is tin portant ; the establishment of a number of new large rural public library,sys- terns on a permanent basis is a big forward step ; and the gradual reduction of the number of rural people without public library service is encouraging. Twenty-six percent of the people of Minnesota were without public library serv- ice in 1966 ; only slightly more than 19 percent were without public library serv- ice in 1961. The soaring rate of rural library use makes all these efforts worth- while. But it is highly likely that the most important contribution made by the Li- tirary Service Act to public library service in Minnesota is the fact that the State library agency now has established public library standards, which had long been discussed but not adofted, and has the authority to enforce them in' the areas which receive aid funds. These standards are still admittedly low, but they were drafted as a panic minimum on which to build. They incorporate the prin- ciple of gradual prqgreos toward library service of high quality. Vb 78 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT Not the least.of the accomplishments has been the professional growth of the personnel involved toward a higher standard of performance, a greater flexibility in dealing with problems, and a deeper understanding that much still remains to be done. Statistical Summary Services Counties now receiving library service which were unserved prior 1,o Program People in these counties to whom service is now available Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service, People in these counties to whom, this service is available Bookmobiles purchased under program I Ns*ber ° 6 87,902 11 289,968 12 Personnel added Field librarians_..... .............. .. .... _gm...... gob UM Other professional librarians Clerks and drivers Others woo 11 41= Total MISSISSIPPI Effective date of State Plan : January 1, 1957 5 8 36 0 49 During the first 5 years of the Librarl Services Act the State agency' has been strengthened by the addition of professional staff members, increased book pur- chases, and essential equipment. The statewide conference on book selection has resulted in improvement of book resources. One 2-week and one 1-week inservice training conferences have been he and 20 library staff members attended a regional workshop on service to young adults. In cooperation with a committee of the Mississippi Library ,Association, a series of eight wortshops to be held over a period of 2 years hat been planned. The first two have been held, one in March 1961 for administratoii and one in May 1961, for bopluno- bile personnel. Both conferences were well attended and,both were very worth- while and practical. -AI With the help of IAA funds the State agency has been able to establish a statewide book pool for storage of little-used books from local public.libriries. This book pool includes such types of material as 'seldom-used books; dupli- cate copies of good, usable bOoks; and books which should be relocated so is to be more accessible to other libraries in the State. These books are used as a part' of the Library COSIMI881011:8 collection in its statewide interlibrary loan service. I MISSISSIPPI J 79 One of the most significant event* in the internal affairs of the Mississippi Library Commission was the reorganization and rearrangement a work areas of the Commissio4. This involved moving the technical processing department into larger quarters ( rented With LSA funds). It is hoped that this improved location will facilitate the develppment of some sort of centralized processing for the libraries of the State. The Pine Forest Regional Library, serving Covington, Lamar, Perry, and :Stone Oounties, operated a single-county project for 1 year and as &federation of county libraries until March 1959. By contract, the Boar& of Supervisors of the four counties agreed to establish and support *the regional organization with headquarters at Richton. The region is governed by a board selected by the four-county library boards. Professional advice, books, sustaining grants, and a bookmobile have been supplied under the project. The Lee-Itawamba Library System with headquarters at Tupelo was Ott result of a contract for bicounty service negotiated in January 1957. Itawamba, the county formerly without library service, has a mill-tax levy for library service. A bookmobile and five branches serve the area. The Tombigbee Regional Library, established in 1952, has extended its services to Choctaw County. One weekly bookmobile stop at Weir in Choctaw has be- come a branch, and a new branch has been established in Nettleton in Monroe County. In February 1959 the citizens of Calhoun County started intensive work on the establishment of service itiltruce, which was opened April 1959, and Cal- houn City, which was dedicated May 1960. In September of that year the dounty Board of Supervisors levied a mill tax for library serkice and signed a con- tract with Pontotoc County--thus was born the Dixie Regional Library. Detailed planning was done in fiscal 1959 for Oopiah County to extend its rvice into Jefferson County on a demonstration basis. Jefferpon levied a 16 II ill tax for fiscal 1960, the levy being made before the demonstration got star . For fiscal 1961.414e board of ,supervisors of Jefferson County levied a mill tax. Copiah and Jefferson Counties then formed the CopiahJefferson ,Regional Library. The Northeast Regional IA ry, established in.1951, has extended its services to include Benton. Oounty. Forty-nine counties Upproved their services through strengthened book col- lections, improved physical facilities, increised hours of service, and extension of services through bookmobiles and new branches. Forty-five towns have libraries for the first time ; 27 have so completely reno- vated their libraries and improved their servicesfto such an extent that they mirbtaid to have "new public library service." A new countywide library. system has been established in Bolivar County with 10 branch libraries and 45 bookmobile stops, 5 of them weekly and the others biweekly. Local public support has increased from $3,960 in fiscal 1958 to $38,445 in fiscal 1961. In Lowndes.County the local support has increased from $4,550 in fiscal 1960: to $22,000 appropriated for.fiscal 1962. A city library board has been appointed in Columbus and the county library board's structure has been adjusted t9 conform to the State Library Law. At the request of the board of trustees and the director of the Capital Area Regional Library, the liffssissippiLibiary Commission made a study oi-branch service in the regional system. A STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT To aid recruitment, summer employment has ten given to approximately 2,1 library scieneci\tudents or potential students. Rating Sheets for Evaluation of Public Libraries, the first attempt to reduce the intangibles of library service to specific numbers on a percentage scale, was completed in 1960 in cooperation with a Committee from the Mississippi Library A Mississippi State library consulteent offers advice on i local library development problem.* Association. Nothing. that has happened to public libraries in Miss issippi has had the .impact that this program has had. It is too early to give a full account of its influence, but even this early there are many tangible results. Full and careful records are being kept so that results can be measured. From 1956 to 1960, annual library support at the local level increased trom $822,860 to $1,006,650. The adoption -by the Board of Commissioners of the Mississippi Library Commission of a salary schedule to support a classification and pay plaefor the staff of the agency marks a milestone in library development in Mississippi. Cooperation with another State agency, the Forestry Commission, takes the form of a summer reading program. The Library Commission also cooperates with the Industrial and Technological Research Commission in shaving the Library Commission's library tools and technical knowledge with their librarian. A 1118131881PPI Statistical Summary Service8 81 Nis rnber Counties now receiving library service *hid) were unserved prior to program 15 People in these counties to whom service is now available 208, 449 Vountles with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service 49 'People in the counties to whom this service is available 1, 104, 001 Bookmobiles purchased under program 9 Personnel added Field librarians- . . 8 Other professional librarians 6 Clerks and drivers 16 1 Others... Total 31 MISSOURI Effective date of state Plan : March 1, 1957 Activities conducted under LSA to strengthen the State library included em- ploying five addition4I staff members, adding 5,166 reference books, adding office equipment and pub tcity pieces, producing three filmstrips onOibrary develop- ment, and produc g two kinescopes on library development. Circulation from the State libra has increased 14,456, and interlibrary loans Have increased 11,M between 951 and 1960. The increase is due partly to the installation of interlibra loan; teletype service connecting the State library with the St. Louis and Kansas City public libraries and the University of Missouri Library. Establishment of a regional bibliographic center at Springfield with teletype connection to interlibrary loan service network has resulted in improved service to the 26 district lit raries served. District storage of infrequently used books liar also been started. In order to conclikt two regional demonstrations, the State library added three new employe and one new consultant. Also purchased for this demon- stration were office Oirniture and equipment, two bookmobiles, two. station wag- ons, and 4,000 books for local library service. Seventeen counties have- re- ceived demonstratio0 service, and 15 established permanent service forming five regional libraries. !Renton, Dade, and Ste. Genevieve counties have received local demonstrationir Permanent service has been established in all three, and each joined the demi9nstrating regional library. The county libraries in Barton and Newton counties, formerly independent, merged to form a new regional system. The city libraries ;in Marionville, Cassville, Huntsville, Lexington, Cuba, Tren- ton, Steelville, Mone0, Fulton Pacific, Warrenton, and Warsaw have merged with '82 STATE PLANS 'UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT their county or regional libraries, and thus qualified for library Improvement -grants. The Library Services Center of Missouri, a cooperative ordering-cataloging Processing center,$was established with 9 member libraries. and has since grown to 17 libraries. The State library has published, in a loose-leaf binder, a classified catalog of the nonfiction holdings of its collection. The 9" -page basic volume and the annual supplements are sent to every public, college, and university library in the State. A 3-year series of conferences for public library trustees in five locations over the State was attended by 404 trustees. Four annual area institutes for small city librarians and steff members from county and regional libraries were at- tended by 206 persons. Two 1-week institutes held annually for 4 years for graduate and administrative librarians were attended by 117 librarians. Twenty '2,000 professional scholarships to library schools have beenawarded. Several survey and Teseareh projects have been undertaken, including a per-. sonnet utilization and management study, a comprehensive statewide study of public library service, a motivational research study of publicity values In Mis- souri public libraries, and a study to determine the_ maximum dimensions of library systems in Missouri. 11 Statistical Summary Servkes Oounties now receiving library service which were unnerved prior to program People in these counties to whom service is now available Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service People in these counties to whom this service is available Bookmobiles purchased under program_____.._ Field librarians Personnel added Other professional librarians Clerks and drivers Others Total ........ df. two V .............. MONTANA Effective date of State Plan : January 1, 1957 IMO 11. Illa Number 7 57, 877 91 1, 171;528 2 . 1 4 0 9 Before 1950 and the passage of the Library Services Act, 'there_were a few '- small but effective county systel!.: in operation in Montana. The predojni- 4 MONTANA 83 rant pattern, however, was one of scattered municipal library service and traditional "county libraries," Dome dating beck to 1915. Small and in most cases without sufficient staff and financial support, these libraries found it extremely difficult to provide adequate service. even to the county seat Their extension service way either nonexistent or merely token. Expenditures in 1956 for public library service in rural stets tooled $331.367. In 1950, the State agency was housed In an old and decrepit tram; building on the Montana State University campus, In two small crowded rooms di- tided by the office of the State Correspondence School. Cramped quarters, poor lighting, and leaking steam pipes made efficient operation very nearly impossible. The staff numbered three profesaionals and one cleric with one parttime student helper. The book collection of 26,103 volumes was Jammed into less. than 900 square feet The annual budget of $21,507 provided a very low salary schedule- for the staff and the minimum amount for travel. These conditions meant that services were limited almost exclusively to the ship- ment of books to schools, Isolated individuals, and to small libraries. Pub- lications were confined to the quarterly periodical Mostasa lAbrariee and occasional mimeographed releases, sent to a mailing list of about 350 people. The name of the State agency has been changed by the 11)61 IAiristative As- sembly to the State Library Commission and the title of Secretary to Li- brarian.; The Llbrariap ha§ been desiknated the executive officer of the Commission. Theri can be no doubt that the extended program of the State Library has been_ recognized. Tangible evidence is shown in the gtowtbk of the State Library budget from $21,507 in 1956 to $46,503 in 1961, an increase of 116 percebt. to Four largqfareas in Montana have Joined together to form federations of libraries. In the Northwest Federation. four relatively strong existng li- braries combined in a system to share book-buying, and ceptriiized processing and the use of i bookmobile. As of ,Jul,! 1, 1900, the federation became com- pletely self-supporting. Five Valleys Federation included seven counties.and six small units ticiiiating in a, similar plan. Here, local funds were not forthcoming to sop- Port the ,bookmobile, but it is hoped that sufficient interest can secure its return:- Centralized processing and a program of inservice training continue to'be part of this operation. . A demonstration is currently in process in Eastern Montana where: counties are cooperating in shared services. The Carnegie Library in Miles City is the Center, serving thrget-small county libraries and one Nunty with no established library of its own. In June of 1961 the strong Glendive Public . Library Joined this federation, increasing its to al to six counties. Montana's plan provides for strengthening the .State agency and for dem- on/orations of federations. of libraries throughout the State. It was one of the 'first Statesbto have its plan approved by the U.S. Office of Education. - First, the need .for adequate housing for the State Library was resolved. It moved to-spacious quarters planned for an efficient work flow, and the book collection has grown to 45,672 volatiles. Staff has grown to four professionals .and.%six clerical assistants. Where earlier travel and consultative visits were rare, doe to lack of staff and budget, the LSA funds have made it possible for the State Library staff- to give a great deal of service In the geld. Since 1956, staff membershave traveled 108,194 miles, made 464 copsultative visits to libraries, field 834 con- zr 84 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT ferences with interested groups and individuals and attended 131 meetings. Forty-four workshops concerned with various aspects of public library service were conducted. LSA funds have made it possible to improve the publication program. This iritludes a Manual for Public Libraries, Montana Library Laws, a Handbook for Montana Trustees, a Trustees Manual,.Library Directory, Program Plan- , ning Workshop Manual, The Library Image; a Manual aof Library Interpreta- tion.; The Library Services Act in Montana; Questions and Answers; and many booklists for adults, young people, and children. Flyirs describing the services of the State Library have beep printed and distributed in quantity. A large number of mimeographed releases have been sent out on a wide va- riety of subjects, pointing the way to improve services. The mailing list for regular releases of Montana Libraries, the agency's quarterlj publication and the monthly newsletter has increased from 850 to 2,200. The Library Services Act funds were used to establish the Puiblic Library Film Cooperative with headquarters in the Great Falls Public Ltbrary. For 2 years this service was given free to every library in the State, but is now underwritten by subscription and is almost self-supporting. Emphasis on the use of films as an adult education service has been given at workshops and meetings with good results. The State Library staff was advised and'consulted with State Institutional personnel with reference to the improvement of their library services ; it has supplied recruitment material in large quantities to all guidance personnel in the State's school system and to all libraries. It has placed a photocopy ma- chine in the Missoula Public Library and as a consegpence magazine articles in that library's collection are available to every library upon request ; it has become a "book bank"' for the libraries of the State, in that it has main- tained a clearinghouse of gifts and duplicates. Montajia's experience is convincing proof of the value of the Library Serv-. ices Act. It has resulted in the opportunity to travel to every library in the State and to become good friends with the librarian and her board and with residents in every community. The workshops have been successful, as indi- cated by improved practices in the libraries, by exciting and creative displays and exhibits, and by far more attention to library publicity. Because of the Library Services Act, books are more plentiful than before. end the supply is being augmented even more. We have learned a great deal in the past 5 years. We know that change cannot come overnight but that it can and will come about when there is strong leadership in the .community. We have learned that in Montana we are wise to extend from strength. We do not have the personnel, plant and book re- sources to demonstrate good services without the help of a strong central li- brary administered by a dedicated librarian and her staff. We have found that our best systems can develop under contractual agreements between a city library and the county. City ordinances specify definite board respon- sibility; and when circumstances make it advisable, they can be changed with relative ease. County laws in the State are extremely limiting and may be changed only by State legislative action. We have learned that our system of federations wises a real administrative problem in that payment must come from several governmental units but we have come to recognize this as a minor consideration. We have realized, that the important thing is for local libraries to maintain their autonomy and their feeling of pride in local achieve- ment. Success of the demonstration is assured where the community Is solidly behind the program. MONTANA 85 There is still much to be done to realize the ideal of good service to all. w* have big problems to overcome : lingo geographic areas, low taxable in- come and sparsity of population. These we can resolve; however, as Montana's Plan divelops since we have the most important asset. We have the interest of the people. We are strong in personal resources in Montana and we are strong in good attitudes toward library service. The Great Falls Federation of Libraries came into existence" under the impetus of activity generated by LSA but without benefit of Federal money for operation. All costs are paid by local taxes, Cascade and Pondera Counties are given excellent service by the strong central library in Great Falls.s. Here a bookmobile has been provided by Federal funds for use as long aidthe federation exists. Fund have provided books and library materials, audiovisual aids, book- mobiles, furniture, equipment, staff, better lighting and other impro*ements for the. libiaries that have participated in the demonstrations. Inservice training, workshops and regular meetings for book selection are conducted in each federation. The increased use of books and library services in every community convincing testimony of the success of the plan in Montana. Circulation statistics show. an increase of 45 percent in Northwest, 102 per- cent in Great Falls and in the current demonstration in Miles City, an increase of 169 percent over fiscal 1956. Since the beginning of the Library Services Act, four bookmobiles have been purchased. They offer a most welcome service. One county with 2,798 population is receiving library service for the first time, 17 counties with 149,779 people now have greatly improved service. Six counties have secured a county tax where earlier no tax was levied. Local fends throughout the State show q 22 percent increase over 1956. Goals for Sontana library services' may be stated as follows : 1. Development of federations of libraries throughout the State 2. An adequate State budget, sufficient to support "the present program 3. A progritil of State aid 4. Future State budget increase to provide additional itaff and expenses for a library supervisor for all institutional libraries ; a State tech- nical pressing center 5. Certification law to assure qualified library personnel in the State 6. Qparters in or near the capitol so that legislative reference may be given to the legislature and library service to the departments of government. Statistical Summary Services Counties now receiving library service which wete unserved prior to program Number '1 People in these counties to whop service is now 2, 798 Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service............ ............. ..... .... 17 People in these counties to whom this service is available.. .. 149, 779 Bookmobiles purchased under program 4 86 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES AC? Personnel added Number Field librarians # 0 Other professional librarians 2 Clerks and drivers 9 Others Total NEBRASKA Effective date of State Plan : January 14, 1957 11 The greatest result of the Library Services Act has been the renascence of interest in library development in Nebraska. This quickened interest is evidenced by greater interest in library planning and development on the part of librarians, trustees and lay groups ; increased membership in the Nebraska Library Association : the organization of a growing trustees section'N of NLA ; and a notable increase in attendance at district and State library meetings. Legislative interest in libritry development was indicated by a 19h7 amendment to the -law governing the establishment of county library service by contract, "to make it clear that the question of levying a tax need be 'submitted only where a county seeks to establish a county library, and not where the county seeks only to contract for the use of a public library already established." In 1961; the enactment of a law to increase the salary of the executive secretary of the Nebraska Public Library Commission was further recogni- tion of the State's library'.program. Other indications of an improved library climate have been the extensive building program of new buildings for both large and small public libraries and the complete remodeling of many Carnegie library buildings, and /the increasing number of requests for demonstritions of county and/or regional library service coming from rural groups, especially from,Home Extension Clubs. One important use of LSA funds was the survey of library service in Nebraska which provides an assessment. of what they have and a blueprint for future development. This survey was undertaken at the request of the Ne- braska Home Extension Clubs Council and of the Library Development Com- mittee of the Nebraska Library Association.. The visits of the survey learn, the questionnaires, and the interviews have stimulated librarians and trustees to look more closely at their collections and services and to their improvement. Even greater interest and activity will develop as the survey report and its recommendations are studied. Another activity has been the projects set up by the Nebraska. State Plan for Further Extension of Library Seryiets to Rural Areas. The demonstra- tion of cooperative regional library service and of the extension of library service to counties having no local servioi have met with great response. For example, in the Rock-Keya Paha demonstration where the Rock County library- extended its services via bookmobile to Key& Paha, e county with no local library service, the circulation increased .from 1 book per capita to 9.7 per B capita in 1961a 5-year period.. When Brown County joined the project, the increase in circulation in that county in 1 yetir was 105 percent. NEBRASKA 87 r>1. In the Thomas County demonstration the story is identical. The county voted to establish a county library in November 195R and by 1961, the library circulation averaged nine books per capita. Winds were issued for a new build- , itch; which was ready for occupancy in June 1961. The book'collection is growing slowly but steadily, the library ham made good use of films available on the circuit and the children's films available from the Commission's collection, discussion groups both for' adults and teenagers are being promoted, and the library is extending its services to adjoining Blaine County with bookmobile service. Thomas County, like Brown, Rock, and Keya Paha Counties, is located in the vast gandhill region of the State which includes more than 13 counties covering an area of approximately 20,000 square miles. The grass-covered sandhills of thil; region are useful only for grazing, resulting in ranches of vast acreages and sparsely distributed population. Larger units of service will need to be established, perhaps a federation of 10 or 12 county libraries if good library service is to be provided for this widely scattered population. These demonstrations have proved the great desire of the people for improved library service and have established units ready for incorporation Into a larger system. In the South Central Regional Library nine cooperating libraries demonstrated extended library service to the rural areas and improved public library service to the communities which had small public libraries. The area covered three counties with two townships from a fourth county and two municipalities fiom A Nebraska youth operates his radio transmitter which he built with the help of books from the. rural bookmobile. do 88 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT a fifth. The response of people to good library service was the same as expe- rienced in the other demonstratiodscirculation increased by 150 wrcent and the local support for library service increased 48 percent. The important re- sults for other Nebraska communities were the effective cooperation of the nine public libraries.; the esprit de corps which developed between the librarians and trustees of the cooperating libraries ; and the growing use of these local libraries (as branches of the Regional Library 1 as well as the use of the bookmobiles and the headquarters library. CireulatiOn of two of these small libraries creased 400 percent. This demonstration of extending service from county or municipal library to n trade. arm, incorporating the local libraries in the area as branches while still maintaining local autonomy, may well serve as a pattern for other counties in the State when the need for better library service is felt and yet the desire to preserve the identity of the local library is strong. The project of strengthening the. Nebraska Public Library Commission has been of paramount importance from the beginning. Resources of the Commission have been greatly increat4ed.: (1) Some 1til,000 volumes have been added to the eollection in the 7,-year period using both State and USA funds. (2) A film col- lection of 201 films has been built (92 of the adult films are In film circuits serving 23 public libraries and 100 are available for open booking). (3) Pur- chase of magazine holdings on microfilm has been initiated.. 141quiliment pur- chases have included a microfilm reader printer. a photocopier, a multigraph, and two demonstration bookmobiles. Increased staff made possible by LSA funds enabled the Commission to take care of the 47-percent increase in requests for books and reference materials in this 5-year period. The incoreftsed consultant staff aupervised the demonstra: Lions and initiated a readiness program for small 'public libraries interested in joining cooperative library systems. Most important of all will be the survey report with its evaluation of the present services of the Commission and its recommendations for future development. Statistical Summary Services Number Counties now receiving library service which were unnerved prior to . -program . 6 3 People in these counties to whom service is now available 4, 569 Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service ...... 8 People in these counties to whom this service is available 48, 900 Bookmobiles purchased under program . 2 Personne _added Field librarians Other professional llbrarlans._________...... ................... 2 Clerks and drivers 12 Others.................. ......... 1 .... ....... - Total T. ea MD MB MD Om am =Owls 111. ow .1. r ...... .................. 18 NEVADA NEVADA Effective date of State Plan: July j, 1957 a ro 89 The Library Services Act program has made possible progress which was undreamed of by most NeVada library people 5 years ago. Most significant is the increased vitality of Nevada libraries and their subsequent success in mak- ing more books available to more readers. By making more money available for library services on a State and local level, and by dramatically pointing up the value of, and the .need for libraries, the Library Services Act has proved itself as one of the most significant educational developments in the 100 years of Nevada's statehood. Under this program practically every county library in the State has been reorganized, resulting in a more efficient operation and a much wider range of services. It has also meant the development of library service in Lander County, where local service had not previously been available. 4 major reorganization of library collections and services took place in Churchill, Elko, Humboldt, Lyon, and Pershing Counties: In moat of the counties which participated in the Library Improvement Grant program, added emphasis on planning has resulted in a more well-informed public and a higher level of financial support. LSA funds were instrumental in one county receiving reasonable support from the County Commissioners after hav- ing been in existence for 18 years without ever having bought a book with public) funds. Although each of the counties participating in the Library Improvement Pro- gram set its own goals through its librarian and board of trustees, considerable emphasis has been placed upon the improvement of the book collection. Most of the county libraries relied on help from a State Library consultant to assist in weeding and in planning an improved collection. A total 61'4185,419 in local and Federal funds has been spent in these 4 years for improVement of book collections. Book budgets, however, still need to be greatly increased to provide even minimal library service throughout the State inasmuch as there exists today less than one book per capita in the State's public libraries. - Library development activities spurred by the Library Services Act have in- troduced a whole new breed of Nevada librarians.. For the first time county library boards are paying attention to the academic and professional back- grounds of applicants for a position as well as greater attention to their personal qualltleation.s. Most county librarians in Nevada either are certified as having met some professional standards, or are working toward them, and most county librarians have enthusiastically taken advantage of workshops and other train- ing programs offered by the State Library. Dramatic Improvements in library buildings and facilities have been made since 1957. In the early years.of the LSA program a considerable portion of the Federal funds went for equipment and modernization projects. Often these funds were the starting point for community- projects which have resulted in much more attractive and useful libraries. Outstanding in this respect have been Churchill, Elko, Humboldt, and Lyon Counties. The introduction of newer methods of operation and equipment has resulted in better library service throughout the State: The State Library and the Elko 4187-6412 90 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT and Lyon County libraries installed mechanical electrical charging systems to cope with increased volumes of work. Ttie centralisation of order and process- ing work in the Cooperative Processing Center has capably demonstrated the advantrges of cooperative endeavor. Some libraries, through adoption of such a -simple innovation as plastic book jackets, have transformed the appearance of their shelveti and considerably increased the use of books. LSA funds and the Cooperative Processing Cinter introduced plastic book jackets In Churchill, Elko, liumbolt, Lyon, Mineral, Pershing, and White Pine Counties for the first time. Chief among the equipment purchases was the bookmobile acquired by the State Library in 1960. LSA funds made its purchase possible and also intro- duced its predecessor in mobile library service a Volkswagen "Book Bus" in use for substitute bookmobile and book delivery service in the rural areas of Washoe County in fiscal year 195S-59. At the close of the 1961 fiscal year, both units were in operation in the State ; the "Rook BUR" serving in Elko' and Lander Counties, and the State Library bookmobile In Washoe and Lyon Counties. The two-county bookmobile program has been an unqualified success. Although serious questions were raised 3 years ago on the practicality of bookmobile service in an area such as Nevada, it has now been proved practical and 34,037 books have been read by borrowers from tfie. bookmobile in its first 12 months of operation. Noteworthy has been the impressive growth of the State Library services during this period. Completion of Gretchen K. Schenk's survey of Nevada libraries in 1957 -55 set the stage for a period of State library growth unparalleled in the library's first century of operation. The total staff has grown from S in June 1957 to 21 in June 1961. The State Librarian has worked for a consistent upgrading of staff in terms of ability and educational background over this period and at the present time the 24 individuals holding the equivalent of 2i full-time positions include 7 professional and 17 clerical workers, of whom 3 have taken courses In library science in the past 5 years and several others plan to take such courses in the near future. One of the major problems facing State Library personnel in 1957 was the lack of a complete caialog for the library collection. Under a project of the Library Services Act program over 17,000 books have been recataloged and have, thereby been made more fully available to readers. The growth of interlibrary cooperation in book loans has been outstifilding. LSA funds financed the State Library's first membership in the Rocky Mountain Center for Bibliographical Research, and since that time every public. library in the State has become ft regular user of the State Library's far-reaching interlibrary loan program. Over 2,200 book!t have been borrowed through the bibliographic center for out- , of-State libraries in the past 4 years. Establishment of a full-time library consultant position in September 1957 contributed greatly to the overall public library development In Nevada these past 4 years. Between October 1958 and August 1959, a second consultant was assigned to the southern part of the State. Other noteworthy steps in Nevada's library development which have been made possible with the assistance of the LSA prograul include the Governor's conferences for library trustees held in 1960 and 1961 (and which may well be an annual conference, judging from the reception of the first two) and provision of adequate equipment for State Library staff. NEVADA Statistical Summary Service8 91 Number Counties now receiving library service which were unnerved prior to program 1 People in these counties to whom service Is now 1, 850 Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service______________ -- ---- 9 People in these counties to whom this service is available 65, 964 Bookmobiles purchased under program 1 Personnel added Field librarians.. _____________________________ 1 Other professional librarians 4 Clerks and dri4yers 6 Others 0 Total 11 NEW HAMPSHIRE Effective date of State Plan : January 1, 1957 New Hampshire is proving for the third time in its history that money avail- able at the State level will enormously stimulate local library growth and Improvement. In the 1890's and 1930's some giant stem forward were taken in New Hampshire libraries and renewed progress continued in the late 1950's. Because the Library Services Act has been extended, the nett five years should be full of achievement for New Hampshire, based on a sound plan of already largely in existence. Since 1958, when a new pamphlet entitled, How Good is Your Library?, spelled out minimum library standards, progress has been visible in communi- ties of less than 10,000 population. There has been genuine achievement in meeting minimum standards of resources, staff, and service, in some libraries. Slow progress has been shown by others, and a determined maintenance of the status quo has been clung to' by still others. In 1957, the opportunity to further aid libraries was created by a Federal "stimulus" fund to help achieve better library service throughout the State. The bookmobile function was strengthened by better staff, equipment:, and resources. The inservice training program became a firm reality instead of an occasional activity, and a planned public relations effort of improving the public's knowledge of libraries and their services to the public was started. What have been the most outstanding resultS? As measured by the new pamphlet in 1958, these things have happened : North Country Libraries, an improved and more frequent version of the former library bulletins of Vermont and New Hampshire issued bimonthly, has been mailed to every trustee and librarian, u has Park Street Patter, a mimeo- graphed newssheet, with how-to-do-it library rmipes as well as booklists. The 92 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT Library Trustees Association achlevediformal ortranization during this period and has been assisted in program 'damning. financial aid for speakers, and in membership campaigns. An appraisal of new appointments Is encouraging for there is evidence that the quality of personnel selected for rural library service is improving anti that salaries are rising. There were 131 carefully planned inservice training sessions from 1951 to i961 in contrast to the 25 held in the 5 years prior to receipt 4)f Library Serv- ices Act funds. Scholarships hare been granted to 52 rural librarians for the 17niversit,' of New Ilamprhire 3-week summer course in elementary library techniques. The course requires I years to complete requirements for a certificate. which six librarians have earned.; Several libraries have been intensively surveyed. and long-range plans for improvement preentedI to trustees. In every case. they have started imple- mentation of the plans, and progress has been remarkable: For example. Littleton has carried out 4.1 'Unwire remodeling; Newport has added a staff tneniber; Milford estalished a sound method of book selection; and New Hampton has accepted recommendations for a new' addition and .the architect is at work. Other libraries have had,fhtudies of Immediate problems' or those which did not encompass the entire library program. Teenage rooms or areas have been established, shut-In iserv!re started. storttelling initiated. r . . 41\,;:* Professional assistance in public information, contracted for I* the New Hampshire Site agency, designed exhibits such as this for local libraries. NEW HAMPSHIRE 93 Film programs In rural libraries' have bad excellent results. The northern New England film cooperative, started in 1958-59, has ,made filth programs pos- sible for rural libraries, which have borrowed KW films, seen by 22,624 people. It is encouraging that 31 libraries have increased their hours of service, including seven now open SOITIP part of 5 days each week. Many libraries have adjusted hours for community convenience. it. The ninny results of the public relations program are bard to measure. The public relations firm tins prepared a biweekly column for the newspaper with the largest circulation, written special stories for specific occasions and aided individual libraries with I1PWN releases. The space devoted to library stories has more than iioubled in the,5-year period. Friends of library groups have been started in '25 communities. with work kits and throwaways being made available to help 'librarians and trustees. Conferences on individual library problems have resulted' in many improvements. and National Library Week promotion has been n successful project of the firm of consultants. The most exciting development of the 5-year period has seen the federations of some 32 libraries into seven groups to:select books jointly for comMon use, and the willingness of tlubse 32 libraries to depostt their book funds with the State treasurei as a venture in_centralized purchasinga small start but one ;Old) has great promise, for a stronger system of ktbniry services. In 1956 rural libraries spent $14,016 for books, and $124,967 in 1900. Al- though the cost of books rose during this time the amount available permitted Rome additional purchasing. And libraries increased their borrowing from the hookmobiles. In the 5 years prior to Federal assistance4 they borrowed 000.000 books compared to over 1 million books. in the next 5 years. A large majority of the libraries hare some form of cataloging, but in many rural situations when the librarians change frequently the system Is not kept up-to-date- nor is the collection weeded. The library consultants- doing ad- visory work keep a record of projects worked on in individual' libraries, many of- these .projects of clamificatien, cataloging, or weeding. There were 151 such projects in-195246. The enlarged staff made possible with Federal funds reported 405 projects completed from 1957-61. New equipment has been4purchased and slowly but surely reluctant libraries have decided service to patrons Is more important than th6 noise of a ringing phone. Matii libriries now have new lighting, fresh_ paint, modern furniture. signs displaying iibeary b_ours, and display cases. A few have had extensive renovations, others 'have been relocated. 811 libraries have had substantial additions and three new buildings have replacki outmoded quarters. The total expenditure for rural libraries in 1956 serving a population of 279,564 was $379,532. In 1960 when the new census revealed 325.427 Inhabi- tants, the total expenditure for library purposes in the same commiwities was $524,442. There are libraries which have not increased appropriations but those which have caused the average per capita to change from $1.34 to $1.61. How Good is Your Library? ends with a short section on library systems. New Hampshire has had a "system" of sorts on two levelS. but this had been a vertical service from the local. library to the State library branch office and the)a to the State library. The horizontal aspects of a "system" where neighboig works with neighbor have been sampled by only 32 of the 221 rural libraries. ,.The system will al- ways be weak until the 'small city library under 50,000 population, of which New Hampshire has nine, is made a part of a statewide program of library service. A system which is strong horizontally and vertically will not be 4 94' STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT achieved until a well-developed plan is produced, complete with pfoposed leg- islation and financing for both rural and city libraries. During 1960 and 1961, the University of New Hampshire Bureau of Gov- . Service surveyed library conditions in the State and found evidence of good, average and poor conditions. This factual data will- be used by a committee appointed by Governor Powell to develop, a plan for better library service for all people. at Statistirat Summary Services Number Towns now receiving library service which were unserved prior to 'program People in these towns to whom service is now available_ 0 Towns with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service 231 People in these towns to whom this service is available 320, 725 Bookmobiles purchased under program 4 Personnel added Field librarian's -2 Other professional librarians Clerks and drivers Others Total NEW JERSEY Effective date of State Plan : January 1, 1957 0 4 0 6 The Public and School Library Services Bureau has been strengthened by increased 'staff. A station wagon to facilitate the work of the Deposit and Exchange Collection and new equipment for more efficient processing and shipping routines were added.' Advisory and consultative services have been intensified, and inservice training programs have been held as follows : (1) A eerier of regional institutes have been held each fall, with attendance increasing each year. The following subjects were discussedPublic Library Service: A Guide to Evaluation with Minimum Standards, 1957 ; Cooperative Action for Libraries, 1958 ; Public Relations for Libraries, 1959 ; Service to Children and Youth, 1960. (2) Six reference clinics to. assist the staff members of stmall libraries were held. (8) Six clinics to explain and .interpret the newly passed State aid law were conducted. NEW JERSEY 95 Two major projects of special interest to library trustees were both highly successful. One was a 2-day institute sponsoed by this Bureau, the Library Trustee Association, the Graduate School of Library Service at Rutgers, the State University, and the American Library A4ociation's Library Community Project. The other was a pilot project for thrite counties sponsored by this Bureau and the Library %Trustees Association of \New Jersey with the assist- ance of the New Jersey Library Association a Library Service at Rutgers, the State University. five successive Wednesday evenings. It covered all was attended by trustees from 06 percent of the libra libraries represented at the seminar 50 percent were To keep librarians and laymen informed of library has increased its distribution of materials 250 percent over distribution was made possible by new mailing facilities Library Services Act. The Tri-County Library Services Center serving Cumberla and Salem Counties in southern New Jersey, was set up as a b Bureau. The headquarters was leased in November 1957, and de the Graduate School of The seminar was held on pects of trusteeship and ies in the -area. Of the ral. atters, this Bureau 57. This increased vided under the Gloucester, nch of the ery of The bookmobile was delivered in January 1958, and placed in operation in February. It has averaged 6 bi-weekly circuits to 35 stops. Over 34,000 volumes of which two-thirds are adult materials have been purchased and processed for the center. This collection is used both for the bookmobile and for lending to rural libraries in the area. , J4, Proposed new library laws are being drafted and first steps taken toirsird a plan for transferring the Center to local support and responsibility. I, The State Library Aid Law was signed by Governor Robert B. Meyner in December 1959. First payments under this new law were madeyto munici- palities and counties in November 1960. The two basic kinds oi, aid are designed to improve services and to encourage federations and other cooperative arrangements among libraries. The first federation of libraries in New Jersey was established in Bergen County, and the first joint library in the State was established in Mercer County. Six other successful referendums either changed the status of association libraries to municipal or established libraries where none had existed in the past. Municipal and county library appropriations for communities under 10,000 population showed an increase from $1,661,046 in calendar 1957 to $2,823,653 in calendar 1961, an increase of 76 percent. 4* Statistical Summary er, Services Number Counties now receiving library service which were unserved print to program 0 People in these counties to whom service is now available 0 Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service 21 People in these counties to whom this service is 1, 595,195 Bookmobiles purchased under pi.ogram 01. . 96 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT Personnel added Number Field librarians 2 Other professional librarians 2 Clerks and drivers 0 Others 0 Total 13 NEW MEXICO Effective date of State Plan : March 18, 1957 The first 5 years of rural public library service under the Library Services Act through regional libraries in New Mexico has resulted in tremendous expan- sion of library facilities to areas with inadequate public library service or with no local library service. The plan to establish six regional libraries within the first 5 years was not realized because local financial support fell far short of that hoped for, and rising costs of personnel, books, and equipment made it nec- essary to concentrate on the five established regional libraries. For the first year of the program, 1956, the New Mexico State Legislature appropriated $25,671 as emergency funds to match Federal funds of $40,000. Successively the State Legislature has appropriated more than enough to match Federal funds. The State funds in the last year were $54.000, making a total of $127,444 with Federal funds. In 1956 there were five counties without local public library service. These counties now have public library service. Forty-four percent of the people of New Mexico were without local public library service. To date, only 6 percent aria- without local public library service, and this 6 percent is in the area where Wigional Library service under the Library Services Atts has not yet been established. Five regional libraries have been established, serving all but the five counties In the far southeastern part of the State. Two were established in 1957, two in 1958, and one in 1960. All are in towns of less than 10,000 and all headquar- ters are housed in buildings provided by local towns or counties without charge to the State agency. In all but one locality utilities are paid by the town or county. These regional libraries are branches of the State library with two field consulta4its' supervisors of the regional libraries in their territory. They serve a total area of 95,256 square miles.' The largest single area served is a seven-county area comprising 31,862 square miles. The total population to be served by the five regional libraries is 378,338. Ich of the five regional libraries has a bookmobile with, a capacity of 1,600 volumes. and a station wagon. The station wagon is used to do field work. There is a total of 25 in the regions. Each regional library has two professional librarians. a clerk-typist, a clerk- driver, and a part-time janitor. There is a total of 47,216 volumes in the regional libraries, many of which are gifts, The collections may be supplemented with collections from the State Library. Interlibrary loans are encouraged. A pool of several hundred Span- ish books is housed in the State library for the exclusive use of the regional NEW MEXICO 97 libraries. These include many Spanish classics, and contemporary Spanish pub- lications, besides books by American authors in translation. The demand for Spanish books in many categories is heavy. Books in Navajo language are in demand and are supplied when avail-able. Registered borrowers total 16,512. In the newest region, which includes the Navajo reservation and ten Indian pueblos, 48.4 percent of the borrowers are Indian. This after we were told, "You'll 'not get those Indians to read." There are 177 bookmobile stops, 15 on the Navajo reservation and 5 on pueblos. Twenty library stations have been .established due to the intensive use of the bookmobile which required too long a stop and more frequent availability of books than the once-a-month bookmobile stop afforded. Three stations have developed into community libraries, one of which hal brought the regional library and the State library into an inter-agency council for the redevelopment of the Penasco- Dixon watershed project. In addition to rent-free quarters and free utilities, counties, two towns and the Kennecott Copper Mining Corporation have increased their appropriations to the regional libraries so that in 1960-1961 these funds totaled $8,606.58. Cooperative practices have been the goal from the beginning of the program, and a few have been developed. Central fiscal procedures are maintained in the fiscal office of the St4te library as are supplies. This necessitates the addi- tion of a clerk-stenographer in that office. The centralized cataloging project whereby the cataloging, preparation of catalog cards, book cards and pockets were done for the regional libraries was begun in 1958 in the Southwestern Re- &nal Library but removed to the State library in July 1959. A clerk-stenog- rapher was hired on the State agency staff to work in the project. This has proved an economy in time, materials, and money. A regional reference librarian was added to the State library staff to handle the reference demands from the regions. This person also became documents librarian (when the State agency became a Federal Government documents depository as a result of the increasing demands for reference and research from the regions and other parts of the State. Documents are avail- able on interlibrary loan to the regional libraries. The Northwestern Regional Library serves also as the public library for the village of Cimarron, where it is headquartered. The village had never before had local public library service. In June 1961 arrangements and contracts were being made for the Eastern Plains Regional Library and the Tucumcari Municipal Library to join.cootoeratively, occupying the same building, integrat- ing the book collections, catalogs, and sheillists, and preparing a schedule whereby the professional librariang of the regional library would give a minimum number of hours to the local library so its number of hours. open could be increased. The advisory boards in each region serve the regions well and are helpful in publicizing the program and securing financial assistance from the counties and from the legislators for the State library program. Publicity and public relations have been emphasized by all regional libraries. This publicity pro- gram at the local and State level resulted in our receiving a 1960-61 John Cotton Dana publicity award for successfully informing local, county, and State governing bodies about library services from the State agency. During the last 2 years special efforts haVe been .made to develop a ea hesiveness within the staff of the State agency and the regional libraries. Quarterly meetings of the regional librarians have been held at the State library. The heads of the departments within the State library attended these 98 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT meetings also. From these meetings developed a manual of procedures for regional libraries and a manual for trustees of advisory boards. Monthly reports of regional libraries, are exchanged as are booklists on special subjects. The radio scripts and tapes produced for the State library's broadcast Spotlight on People and Print are sent to the regional libraries for use on their local stations., The Nayajo "Hour, a broadcast in the Navajo language, by one of the local stations, announces the bookmobile schedule for the Northwestern Regional Library. Seven workshops for library trustees were held. Professional library service is given through the regional libraries and has been a stimulus to all small libraries to improve their service. Per capita exitenditure has increased from 49.5 cents in 1957 to $1.27 in 1961 with 35 libraries reporting out of a total of 89. Without the assistance of Federal funds, the service of the State library could not have been so greatly and immediately extended. There is much yet to be done, for great distances and scattered population are ever-present hurdles in New Mexico. Statistical Summary Services Number Counties now receiving library service which were unnerved prior to program 4 People in these counties to whom service is now available 27, 704 Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service People in these counties to whom this service is available 850,634 Bookmobiles purchased under program 5 Per8onn el added Field librarians 6 - Other professional librarians 11 Clerks and drivers 13 Others 3 Total 27 NEW YORK Effective Date of State Plan : November 1, 1956 The 5 years since the passage of the Library Services Act have been ones of rapid change in the structure of public library service in New York State. Study and research, new State aid legislation, and sustained effort have transformed the library landscape. Library systems now cover almost the entire State. These have been historic years in which the Library Extension Division has emerged in d new position of leadership and when new patterns 9 'NEW YORK 99 , of cooperation between librarians trustees, regional and State associations, and the State Extension staff hold bis,fight promise for the future. There has been in these 5 years, a common effbrt by three levels of governmentlocal, State, and Federal towards a Conlimon "endbetter public library service. These years of accomplishment are'also years of beginning, when we begin to sense what can be, indeed what must ibe the library's role of service to people, in our times. Improvement of Structure of Rural Library Service The major accomplishment in the past years. has been the improvement of the organizational structure of public library service. In 1956, there were only eight library systems plus the Watertown Regional Center operating in New York State. Most of the rural libraries of the State were "on their own," operating with inadequate funds, inadequate staff- and isolated without co- operative service agreements. Now there are 22 library systems serving 90 per- cent of the State's area and population-. There are only No unorganized counties. The structure of cooperation is almost complete, providing for a service chain linking the local library to the system central library to State library resources. There have been tit° revisions in the State Library law since 1956, proiriding for the formation of cooperative library systems and increased State aid. State aid to library systems reached $6% million in the year encting March 31, 1961, a rise from $2% million in 1956. The Federal grant, ranging from $40,000 in the first year to $249,152 in the year ending June 30, 1961, has been small relative to the State expenditure, but the Fedgral money has played a very important part in fostering the development of library systems. The size of the State field staff has more than doubled since 1956. These ebnsultants have been of great help in assist- ing the regions, interpreting the concept of library systeths and their legal nature. System organization could not have proceeded as rapidlY without the State staff. Other aspects of the Federal program which encouraged the de- velopment of library systems were 'grants to local planning committees, study grants for visits to systems, regional planning conferences, and some demon- strations of the values of cooperation in such fields as children's and young adult services. Stimulation of Improved Quality of Services Even as we worked to build an o nizational pattern, we sought to deepen the quality and extend the coverage o pOlilic library service. There have been four cooperative rajectsin children's work, young adult work, and reference service, reaching libraries- in an intensive program of education in modern library objectives nd practices. All four regions have now organized as library systems. Specialists in the fields of children's, young adult and adult services have been added to the staff of the Library Extension Division. Their special experience, background and book knowledge are of increasing importance In deepening the quality of library service throughout the State. Reference and interloan have been Improved through the greater use of telephone and teletype communications. Teletype installations are in opera- I' 100 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT Um, under the Federal grant, in 11 library systems providing dirict relay service with the New York State library. In the past year, nearly 20,000 interloan requests by teletype were received. Bookmobile demonstrations have stimulated two library systems to support bookmobile service to their rural readers In eight counties. The bookmobile has loaned over 100,000 books to rural readers, been exhibited at State and county fairs, and been an unfailing source of good publicity for the public library cause. Two additional bookmobiles have been purchased for loan to library systems, which with the first unit. will bring bookmobile service to ]2 more chountieq this year. Strengthening Lib-rary Resources A sizable portion of the Federal grant has gone into the purchase of library materials. Books have been-purchased. hot with the mistaken concept that all rural libraries in the Statt; would or should be supplied with adequate collec- tions, but to help ''spark" and teach. To illustrate the principle of coopera- tion, rotating collections were loaned to cooperating groups of libraries. As new library systems were established. the emphasis shifted to loans of books to systems for use by their member libraries. Books have also orbeen pur- chased for instructional purposes, for exhibit, for use In workshops, and for illustrating principles of book selection. With Federal funds, a_ new service has been initiatedthe provision of films and records at the State level to rural libraries and library systems. There are approximately 900 films in the collection and 1,800 records. There are 11 film circuits in operation. Film circulation has increased 100 percent in the past year. 0 Program of Education Next in importance to the improved patterns of library organization has been the educational program of the Library Extension Division. In 1956, rural libraries were staffed mainly by persons who, however well-meaning, lacked any training for their work. There was little or no training available 'to them below the graduate professional level. Four consultants who were trying to serve the needs of over 000 libraries . had little time to give each community. Under the Library Services Act program, approximately 50 work- shops on children's, young adult, and reference services, have been given throughout the State, reaching almost all rural libraries. Beginning in 1900, a community librarian's training program has been un- dertaken in 10 centers of the State, each involving the participants in four sessions homework. Five courses are given in rotation : Library manage- ment, children's .services, young adult services, adult services, and reference services. Five hundred and fifty-four persons have fully completed courses in this program. The recruiting of college graduates for graduate study for professional librar- ianship is a parallel effort. Grants of from $350 to $2,000 are offered on the basis of competitive examination\ Over 50 such grants have been awarded, providing more professional librarians to meet the needs of public libraries and library systems serving rural readers. A third aspect of the educational program, designed to meet the needs of NEW YORK 101 the rapidly developing library systems, has been an annual conference for system staff,. Three conferences have been held. In 1959, the theme was field consultant work ; in 1900, the role of the central library ; in '1961, serv- lee to the unserved. All library systems in the State have attended. The final section of the educational program is a series of workshops for library trustees, jointly sponsored with the Trustees Foundation. Offered in 6 ,cepters of the State, approximately 400 trustees have participated in dis- pp** on library law and service standards. Effect of= Act., on State and Local Levels The Library Services Act has had a favorable result on the State agency itself--stimulating it, improving it, strengthening it The emphasis on new projects, new plans and experimentation is healthy and rewarding. A new chapter in statewide leadership has- opened. A change in attitude and new dynamics are evident.. On the local level, there has been a renewed sense of belonging, of the local library being a part of a larger whole and there is increaied recognition of the library's potentialities for education and service. Clearly, what is emerging, at Federal, State, and local levels, is a clearer understanding of our mutuality of interest, an interest which is not only one of fiscal interdependence, but of ideas and service. As we complete what can only be the beginning chapter in the history of Federal aid to libraries, all those concerned' With libraries must take upon themselves the responsibility for the development of a coherent philosophy of library intergovernmental relations, rooted in the principle that while the primary responsibility for public library service is local, the goals of modern library service cannot be achieved without cooperative programs involving all three levels of governmentlocal, State, and Federal. The task of our time is to seek out the appropriate role for each, and to develop a bold program not only for rural libraries but for all readers, utilizing all library resources. Statistical Summary Service* 4 Number Counties now receiving library service which were unserved prior to________- ________ _____ _____ _ _____ People in these counties to whom service is now available__________ 0 Counties with some service prior to program now receiving im- proved or extended service 57 People in these counties to whom this service is available 2, 763, 362 Bookmobiles purchased under program 3 O Personnel added Field librarians Other professional librarians 1 Clerks and driver& 2 Others 5 Total 15 102 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT NORTH CAROLINA Effective date of State Plan : January 1, 1957 North Carolina has had a State aid grant program since 1941. These funds have been Used "for promoting, aiding and equalizing public library service" in the State. State aid stimulated county library service and by 1950, 94 of the 100 counties had library service. A pattern of single county library systems each operating separate bookmobiles emerged. Only where 'State aid require- ments could not be met by single counties were regions formed or professional librarians shared by two or three counties. The Library Services Act provided additional funds to supplement the basic program already established. A small part of the funds was used to provide additional resources and services from the State library. The major part was used' to stimulate the growth of public library systems serving North Carolina's predominantly rural Population. Plans for extending and improving rural library service were submitted by county and regional libraries on a competitive basis. Plans involving more than one county were given priority. These plans were formulated by the library boards submitting them with /the help of their librarian d a con- sultant from the State library. They ve taken into account local ditions, preferences and prejudices and previous operative experiences such a with health services. The extent of cooperation ha: ri Vsvo counties have begun countywide library service during this 5-year period. Fifteen new branches have been opened and 35 new bookmobiles have been-purchased. Several small county libraries have made contracts with neighboring larger libraries for professional supervision. One library giving professional super- vision to two others is also doing the cataloging and processing of books for them. The bookmobiles are crossing county lines for more economical schedul- ing and inservice training sessions have been held for the staff members of all three libraries. Some libraries have contracted-, for the loan of supplemental books from the larger collection. Other libraries have formed book co- operatives which have made possible joint book selection, elimination of un- necessary duplication, and a wider range of titles. In most cases the joint ownership of some books has meant that the individually owned books are also loaned freely between libraries. The fact that local funds were not necessary to inaugurate cooperative services enabled libraries to experiment and demonstrate the advantages of sharing personnel and resources without the formal merger of county library systems. Remits have been generally satisfactory. Local funds have taken over some of the cost each year. Public library income from local government has increased M.6 percent in 5 years. Library development has been accelerated because of the availability of new funds and the opportunity to experiment. Two groups of cooperating libraries have formally organized into regions during the past 5 years. Stokes and Surry Counties shared a professional librarian but were completely separate systems. In 1959 they were joined by a third small county system, Alleghany, and became the Northwestern Regional NORTH CAROLINA 103 Library. Avery, Mitchell, and Yancey Counties became a region in 1961 after a period of close cooperation. The major problem, which is holding back development of larger systems, is the acute shortage of professional librarians. The two new regions lack full stiffs. A third region might have been closer to organization had personnel txkn available. Each year approved plans were not carried out because the necessary personnel could not be found. Funds for salaries must be held pending employment. When qualified people are not found, balances accumu- late. Yet all good programs are built around personnel and funds must be aiailable to pay them. The largest cooperative program in North Carolina's program is conducted by the State library. It is a processing center opened in fiscal 1960. At the end of the first 18 months of operation, the center was ordering, cataloging, and processing books for 44 libraries : four regional, one 3-county cooperative, and 39 county libraries. Over 62,000 books were processed in the first 18 months at an average cost of 870 per volume. Librarians around the State are enthusiastic about the service and most problems have been worked out on a majority rule basis. Services at the State library have been greatly expanded and improved by supplementing the book and film collections and by adding personnel to every division. The present North Carolina State library was formed by a merger of the North Carolina Library Commission and the former State library in July 1956. LSA funds have enabled the new agency to -take on its added responsibilities in a shorter time than would otherwise have been possible. In both the State library program and that of the public libraries, OA has made Possible In 5 years what might have required 10 years without it. Statistical Summary SerriceR Number Counties now receiving library service which were unnerved prior to program 2 People in these counties to whom service is now available_______ WO .010 ea. 30, 865 Counties with some service prior to program no receiving improved or extended service 94 People in these counties to whotn this snliee Is 3, R95, 859 Bookmobiles, purchased under program 35 Person»el added Field librarians 1 Other professional librarians 14 Clerks and drivers 41 her 1 Totttl 57 104 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT NORTH DAKOTA Effective date of State Plan : January 16, 1957 A new period of library history was brought about by the Library Services Act and House Bill No. 638, passed by the 35th Legislative Assembly of North Dakota which permits the operatitin of this Act in North Dakota. This new State law provided for the appropriation of matching funds to qualify for the Federal allotment ; the formation of a county or regional library upon peti- tion .y 51 percent of the number of voters participating in the last general election ; a county tax levy of up to 2 mills for the purpose of establishing and maintaining public library services ; and contractual arrangements between gov- ernmental subdivisions and agencies of the State of North Dakota and other States with the State Library Commission for the extension of rural library serviet. Other sections in the North Dakota Public Laws provide for a county or regional library to be governed by a library oani appointed by the county commissioners, one member of which shall be a member of the board of county commissioners. The library development program ham emphasized three basic patterns of organization : extending services to rural areas from large established- libra- ries ; establishing county and multicomity libraries ; and establishing federa- tions of existing small lib cries. The State Legislattlre allows for each fiscal year the amount of $21,652 which is the minimum amount of State matching money needed to obtain the Mimic . Federal allouation of $10,000 to be used iii North Dakota for the operation Of the Library Serviees. This provided $61.632 of Federal-State funds for this program. In addition. because the State Library Commission's entire operat- ing budget is used for public library service to rural areas, this amount is- also used to earn Federal funds. About one-fourth of these funds are used to strengthen the facilities and services of the State Library COMMIRRi011. Office equipment, such as addi- tional typewriters, tables, a photocopy machine, lighting fixtures, and a new card catalog, have been purchased. The increased book budget has permitted ,the purchase of valuable but expensive reference titles such as Ayer's Directory of NerRpazera and Periodieals; The New York Times Knife: Van Nostrands'a Scientific Encyclopedia; Publishers' Trade List Annual; American Me* of Science; National Organi:ations of the U.R.; and Focal Encyclopedia of Photography. Three new staff members have been added. one of whom is at present work- ing in the southwestern section of the State using Demonstration Bookmobile No. 1 in a 10-county area. Another is worlIng in the central area where the demonstration bookmobile has been used. Tile third is assigned to the State Library Headquarters to help 'coordinate operations under therLirary Services Act. Nine county libraries up to July 1, 1961 have been organized under the Li- brary Services Act. Nome have joined together for more advantageous opera- tic. sad have formed regions. NORTH DAKOTA 04 Federal-State Fonds Used $711,500 including 2 bookmobiles $48,200 including 1 bookmobile $53,800 including 1 bookmobile $32,000 including 1 bookmobile $30,000 including 1 bookmobile County or Rocionai Latrerioo `West Plains (8 counties) McLean-Mercer (2 counties) South Central (2 counties) Ward County Morton County 105 Six bookmobiles help with the distribution of books in county and regional libraries. In addition a demonstration bookmobile operates over the State, as requests can be filled, to demonstrate the value of this extension stervice. By the end of the fiscal year ending June 30, 1961, the first seven counties mentioned above completed their agreements with the State Library Commis- sion and no longer receive Federal-State funds or the "seed money" but are supported locally with a 1-mill tax levy, or not to exceed 2 mills, according to the law. North Dakota has been commended nationally for the fact that etunty and regional librarits have been "started on a firm foundation since a county tax levy is required ,before a Federal-State grant is made." Other counties under development, and a second demonstration bookmobile belong to the story of the future. Statistics show that in 1956, before library development under the Library Services Act, the circulation in the first seven counties amounted to 102,118. By comparison in 1900, the circulation in the same area of the first seven counties had climbed to 291,044, an inerease of 188,926, or over 185 percent. In other words, the organization and development of county and regional li- braries with distribution of books by four bookmobiles In this area of the first seven counties had resulted In a circulation figure that Is almost three times as large in 1960 as it was in 1956 before the bookmobile s4vice started, In 191, the circulation climbed to 364,540, an increase of 262,422, or 257 percent over 1956. Thus the total circulation in this area during 1961. was 3% times what it was in 1946 before the bookmobile service was started. Nlany people in this State are pioneers and they have had little time to give tie reading In their busy life of providing food and shelter for gTowiwg families. Nevertheless, many of them have had the spirit of books and libraries in their heritage. Now that books are being brought to them bybookmobile they are availing themselves of this opportunity to "catch up" as it were in their reading, and they realize the great advantage in having books for their children anti grandchildren. The greatest need0 in this program is for personnel, people with the neces- sary qualifications and aptitudes to promote all phases of this work. Many of the new workers have, with advisement and financial help by the State Li- brary Commission, taken library Cou mem by correspondence, extension or by attendance at summer sessions and workshops. With all regular employees working to the limit, additional personnel to give efficient help is the cry. Although the vital need is for personnel, an additional need is for freer use of funds to piomote this program, that is, more consideration by State officials to the release of Federal-State funds which have been allocated for the pur- POSe of giving promotion to these rural library operations in North Dakota tinder the Library Services Act. Orr-M110-4t--8 106 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT Statiitical Summary SeriiceR Counties now receiving library service which were unnerved prior to program People in these counties to whom service is now 4arfillable.... Counties with some service prior to progratti now : receiving improved .. eft or extended service People in these counties to whom thin service is available Bookmobiles purchased under program... -- +--- Peraonnel added qu MP M MD Field librarians Other professfonal librarians.... Clerks and drivers. Others .......... ... lab..... ow OP Ip m ow M. ea. 4. WM OP SM 40 OP M. OP. MO M. Mo el. MI. ___ gi lip..sm Number 1 6,849 93,892 7 - -- 4111, OM Mb _IOW Total ... 111 ......... an. . MI. VW =. OHIO Effective date of State Plan: January 1, 1957 3 6 11 5 The main objective of the programs the State Library has, in the last S years, developed for the use of Library Service Act funds to improve and extend library service in rural areas has been to so use these funds that the maximum number of people will receive the maximum benefits. Broad pr- grams have been offered in which many libraries could participate. Changes in the program hare occurred. but they are changes in the methods used to achieve this objective. Incidental to this change in program operation has been the gralual change in the role of the State' Library from a State agency offering only consultant and advisory sihrrices to include 11W operation of library extension programs on a multiple county basis. This change is the result of making bookmobiles available to county extension libraries which could secure adequate funds to operate a bookmobile from Hub eounty budget commission. but sufficient funds for the purchase of a bookmobile were not available. In IMO, only 44 of the 88 county libraries were using bookmobiles for countywide library service. In the other 44 counties, 9 had no library large enough to support a countywide program, 10 county libraries maintained rural community branches and most of the extension libraries Ii. _'V5 counties had claissnman collectiofts in the schools. From 1957 through 1939, six county extension libraries applied for and 144 cured funds to purchase a Iokmobile. from the State Library. A considerable number of pairs or adjacent counties were urged to apply for a single bookmobile to lie pillared by tile two counties. Since thew counties Mid A patient reader awaits the arrival of the boQiunobile .sinall populations and low resources it was felt they should combine resources. The counties did not respond to the suggestions. Investigation disclosed the fact this was too large a program for them to supervise or operate however anxious they might be for the service. When It was suggested that a third PartY9 the State flbrliry, operate the booknuthile service, the libraries were 108 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT very .happy to participate. Thus, the State Wary now found itself in the new position of operating library extension programs in the rural are s. The first two county bookmobile programs were developed in 1957-58. actual operation started in July 1958. One unit. Adams and Brown Conn es, is 100 miles south of the State Library, along the Ohio River. The oth r, the Fulton-Henry County unit, Is 140 miles northwest of the State Library, with Fulton County on the Ohio-Michigan State line. Headquarters had to be rented and furnished. librarians hired,. bookmobiles ordered, books ordered, and laige book collections secured fiom the State Library. Bookmobile service was estimated to cost $7,000 a year per county and contracts with the _county libraries were signed. Cost subsequently has gone up to $8,300 per county. These two bookmobile units are at present almost completely self- supporting. The Adams-Brown unit is still a two-county unit. Some supple- mental assistance is given from LSA funds : $7,000 in 1961$5.000- for books and $2,000 for mitintenance (rent, heat, utilities, etc.), The Fulton-Henry unit began to expand almost immediately. In 1959, the Defianee County Library Contracted with the State Library for service to four communities. This was increased to six communities and two schools in 1960. In 1961, Wood County Library contracted for complete bookmobile coverage in Wood County, both community stops and school stops. Wood County Library even supplied the bookmobile service with a new 22 ft. bookmobile, all the books in circulation when the service,was turned over in May and has promised $8,000 a year for books. The interest of librarians in adjacent .counties in such an operation as the Fulton-Henry bookmobile started the State Library thinking about and investi- gating the development of a regNial library for the 29 libraries in 10 counties in Northwestern Ohio. Consultation and discussions with librarians, library boards of trustees, and executive beads of local and county school systems resulted in the establishment of the State Library Regional Center in Napoleon, Ohio. The bookmobile program has now become just one of the services avail- able from the Centerthe others being consultant service by adult and chil- dren's specialists, displays of new adult and juvenile books available for pre- purchase examination, monthly review and examination of currently publisheil books, mimeograph service for production of book lists, storage space for still worthwhile but little used materials, assistance in preparation of publicity, and a film collection. This center, which functions in many ways as a branch of the State Library, is the first of nine such centers to cover the State. The second State Library Regional Center was started in 1961 in southeastern Ohio, serving 12 libraries in counties. Services similar to those of the Napoleon Center, including bookmobile service, are offered. Again the attitude of county libraries in counties adjacent to the original Fulton-Henry two-county bookmobile service was responsible for a new type of bookmobile program being offered. in Central Ohio. The Defiance Public Library had contracted for bookmobile service to only a few communities in Defiance County. Developing this idea ftirther, the Central Ohio Bookmobile Center offers bookmobile service by the day. There are five counties within a 50-mile radius of Columbus in which there is no countywide library extension program, three (;f which have only very small libraries in them and no extension libraries. Two other counties have extension libraries with rural branches widely spaced, leav- ing large areas with no easily accessible library outlets. OHIO . 109 Bookmobile service was offered to these counties on a limited or expanded basisdepending on what they were interested in at $80 a day, on a 3-week schedule, or $1,360 a Year. Bookmobile service started in mid-October 1960 with contracts with two libraries for 3 days service 4r'ery 3 weeks. By June 30, 1961, the bookmobile was out 8 days of a 3-week schedule. Two new counties had taken 1 day eachthe tither two had each increased their contract to 3 days service. These are all community stops. At the end of 5 years, 12 bookmobiles have been added in the Elliate, 6 operated by county extension libraries, and 6 by the State Library, bringing improved library service to 12 counties. The bookmobiles cost $154,000. Since the .headquarters units for State library-operated bookmobiles are from 100 to 140 miles from Columbus, permanent basic book collections were pur- chased, and new books are being added constantly. The same is true for the centers; good resourpe collections are being assembled in each center. Adams and Brown and Fulton-Henry bookmobiles started operation July 1, 1960; Central Ohio, in October 1960. By June 30, 1961, $69,451 has been spent by the bookmobile librarians for books for their permanent collection. The center at Napoleon was started in February 1960; the one in Caldwell in January 1961. By June 30, 1961, the expenditures by the centers for books was $46,873, and for films, was $6,000. The State Library supplies books to the libraries and residents throughout the State. The State Circulation Department handles all requests received by mail from both libraries and individuals, and up to 25 volumes are loaned at one time for a 4-week period using the main collection of the State Library to fill these request& The Traveling Library Department loans only to extension libraries. These libraries may borrow up to 3,000 volumes for 1 year with 1-year renewal. SinctOthe entire State Library book budget for several years previous to 1957 had been only $20,000 a year neither department had been able to adequately supply the demands made upon it. Beginning in 1957, a major part of the LSA program had been the expendi- t lire Of funds to build up the book resources of the State Library. A basic annual budget for books of $40,000, was set in 1958, 55 percent going to the Traveling Library and 45 percent to State Circulation. Any surplus funds in any category at the end of the year were divided between the two departments. By the end of 1961, $222,918 had been spent by these two departments. The results of this book-purchasing program at the State Library has been quite obvious. In 1956, the State Circulation Department mailed out just over 10,000 volumes. In 1961, 29,000 plus volumes were mailed to either libraries or individuals. Traveling Library Department shows a corresponding increase in use. Only 40,000 volumes were loaned in 1956, but just under 90,000 were borrowed in 1961. The limit of 3,000 volumes per library is still maintained, so the number of libraries using the collection has increased proportionately. When the amount of money spent for books at the State Library is added to the amounts spent at the two centers and the three bookmobiles, the total amount spent for books in 5% years is $339,242, 35 percent of the total amount of LSA funds allocated to Ohio. In 1958-59 various methods were used to explore and demonstrate the advan- tages of cooperation among: libraries. One method was a grant of $15,000 to-be 110 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY AERVICES ACT made to the libraries for consolidations. There are several counties in Ohio with from 6 to 9 small libraries in each. In the past, libraries had attempted consolidation or combined service through contracts, but these had all been dissolved after 3 to 4 years operation. The grant of $15,000 now being offered was to be made only if there were legal consolidation which meant the dissolu- lion of. the individual library boards of trustees, transfer of property to the new county board, etc. One consolidation did take place. Preble County had nine small libraries, and six of them combined to form a county district library. They did receitre the grant, but only $10,000 because only two-thirds of the libraries were Involved. Later that year, the Preble County District Library received a $5,000 Dorothy Canfield Fisher award. A demonstration of countywide cooperfition was set up in Hardin County which has six very small libraries and a county library. A librarian was employed to give professiongl aWsistance to these libraries in book selection, organisation of library materials (two of the libilries had no record of the books they owned) and improvement of service. The librarian was not able to overcome the antip- athy of the small libraries toward the county library. The program dissolved soon after the demonstration terminated. The most successful exploration of fields of eoope,ration between libraries was done by a local librarian. grant of $3,900 had been made to his library board as recompense for the use of his time. As a re8nit of meetings with the other librarians in his part of the State, the Library Service Center of Eastern Ohio, located in Barnesville, was developed to provide centralized book purchasing, uniform cataloging, and processing program. Six county and two small libraries formed the original group. The cost per volume was estimated at 75 cents. A grant of $35,000 was made to this group to start this program, $15,000 for equipment, and $20,000 for first year's operating expenses. By June 1961, after 18 months of operation, the Center was cataloging for 16 schools and 12 libraries and had stabilised the cost at 74.5 cents per volume. Two other grants to local libraries for similar exploratory work did not succeed in producing work- able plans. Ten 3-day workshops for the sub-professional workers in main and branch libraries in rural areas have been held the last 3 years. Four on general library work were held in 1969 ; two workshops in 1960one on work with children and one on general library work. In 1981, there again were fourtwo on reference, one general, and one on work with young people. The workshop staff include librarians with special training or experience in the various subjects. Workshops were each limited to 50 participants. Checks with the participants' head librarians about 6 months after the workshop has indicated the participantp haTe pirated from the workshops in improved attitudes toward their work and. better use of library materials, especially reference, materials. It is planned to continue with them. The State Library has had toexpand its own catalog department to handle the increased volume of work brought about by the progressive establishment of new bookmobile programs and the regional centers. The catalog department without too much aided expansion felt it could offer statewide cataloging service to other libraries in the State. In 'contrast to the Uniform cataloging done at Barnesville, the State Library is offering "custom!' cataloging : that Is conforming to the cataloging the libraries have been doing in the past. The cost . of this type is approximately 77 cents for fiction and 87 cent* for nonfiction. omo Statistical Summary Services Counties now receiving library service which were unnerved prior to program People in these counties to whom service is now available Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service 79 People in these counties to whom this service is available 2,548, 924 Bookmobiles purchased under program 12 111 somber Personnel added Field librarians 1 Other professional librarians 8 Clerks and drivers Others 7 Total OKLAHOMA Effective date of State Plan: June 1 1957 Oklahoma's plan for library development was approved by the U.S. Office of Education on June 1, 1957, after the Oklahoma Legislature had appropriated funds to match LSA funds for one fiscal year only. The Legislature has failed to appropriate additional funds for matching purOoses. These initial fund were used to purchase bookmobiles and books for future multicounty library develop- ment. Two field libraries were appointed to the extension staff. In 1958, two multicounly library demonstrations were established under the Library Services Act, one serving Osage and Pawnee Counties and the other ..omposed of Cleveland, Garvin, and McLain Counties. The Chickasaw Multi- County Library, comPosed of the counties of Carter, Love, Johnston, Marshall and Murray, was established in April 1960, and in April 1961 the Caddo-Grady Multi-County Library came litho existence. Another field librarian was ap- pointed to the extension staff in September 1960. In each of the multicounty districts all of the existing local libraries, except one in one district, are participating in the program. In each area additional libraries have been established. New equipment, furniture, and books have been provided to the newly created libraries as well as to the old. Since the estab- lishment of the first multicounty library, 135,397 persons are now receiving improved library service and 33,010 who have never had library service are now in library districts. At the conclusion of the detponstration period in June 1959, the Osage-Pawnee Multi-County Library discontinued service. Although petitions indicated that 112 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT some 80 percent of the residents favored continuance of the service, the County Commissioners of Osage County ignored their demonstration agreement and failed to appropriate the necessary funds. Pawnee County was unable to con- tinue alone without being a part of the multicounty library system. The Cleveland-Garvin-McClain Multi-County Library, now the Pioneer Multi- County Library, did continue. The county commissioners of each county ap- propriated funds for the operation of the library. The State Library received an increase of $30,000 for all operations in its regular appropriation for the 1960-61 biennium from the 1959 legislature, but no appropriation to match LSA funds. The library received no increase from the 1981 legislature, nor an appropriation for matching purposes. The 1969 ses- sion enacted a resolution that proposed a constitutional amendment to authorize a county tax levy for public library purposes and calling for a statewide vote on the proposed amendment at a special election the next year. Late in, 1959 a Citizens Committee for Library Development was organized. Its first project was the proposed library amendment to the Constitution. Na- tional Library Week for 1900 was also focused on this project in Oklahoma. In July 1960 at the time, of the Run-Off Primary Election the Constitutional amendment permitting counties to vote a public library tax was adopted by the electorate. This was the first time that the question had been presented to the people. McClain County voted a 1-mill tax levy for public library services on the date of the November 1960 General Election. It was the first county to vote on the tax under the provisions of the new Constitutional amendment. In December 1961, Tulsa County voters _approved a 1-mill library levy. An earlier attempt to levy the tax received an adverse vote but the library supporters in the County rallied their strength and made a magnificent recovery. In addition to the library levy a bond issue of $3.8 million for a new joint eity-cdunty library build- ing was approved on the same date. The Library Services Act has served to focus greater attention on libraries in Oklahoma. In all probability it encouraged a favorable vote on the library tax amendment to the Constitution, and the successful efforts in McClain and Tulsel Counties. Oklahoma has had a Multi-County Library Act since 1955, but it is doubtful whether a single multi-county library district would have been formed in the next decade, in spite of all of the work by the State Library extension staff and the Oklahoma Library Association, without the assistance of LeA grants. Statistical Summary Services Counties now receiving library service which were. unnerved prior to program People in these counties to whom service is now available Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service -v- - People in these counties to whom this service is available Bookmobiles purchased under program 4 Number 3 3.3, 010 7 185, 397 7 OKLAHOMA 113 Personnel added Number Field librarians 8 Other professional librarians Clerks and drivers 5 13 Others Total 21 OREGON Effective date of State Plan: February 1, 1957 S Oregon's initial approach to the administration of the Library Services Act funds was to spread the project funds widely throughout the State so that as many different areas as possible could benefit. According to the 1960 census, Oregon has only 14 incorporated, cities of 10,000 or more population. With a total population of 1,768,687, Oregon is largely rural ; therefore, LSA funds could be used legally in many different sections. The need of improved library service was and is acute. No public library system in Oregon meets American Library Association mini- mum standards. Practital adaptation of the standards to Oregon is difficult be- cause of large area and small and scattered population although the Oregon State Library and the Oregon Library Association affirmed their belief in the ALA standards and the desire and determination to strive toward their attain- ment. The Multonomah County Library which includes Portland and the sur- rounding area is the only Oregon Library system which approaches_ the standards. Even this system falls far short in financial support. The various projects launched in 1957 used comparatively small grants of money in contrast to States which chose to conduct fewer, better-financed dem- oni rations. Three of these embraced more than one county : the Central Oregon Regional Library Demonstration included Deschutes, Crook, and Jefferson Counties with the Deschutes 'bookmobile giving service to Crook and Jefferson Counties and offering cooperative cataloging and book selection services as well a additional books purchased with Library Services Act funds. The Northcoastal Regional Library project included Clatsop and Tillamook Counties with a cooperative processing center located at the Tillamook County Library serving both areas in addition to the Coos County Demonstration. A bookmobile serving Clatsop County residents, operating out of the Astoria PubUc Library, was the second service of this project and a vigorous campaign for a Clatsop County Library lost at the polls in May 1960 by 146 votes. A bookmobile demonstration serving Benton and Linn Counties, operating from the Corvallis Public Library (headquarters of the Benton County Library service), aroused enthusiasm in many usersytand keen disappointment when Linn County residents defeated the proposal for a Linn County Library while Benton Countians supported the proposition' for bookmobile service to be contiqued in Benton County. This was not considered feasible when the Linn County Library rote went down to defeat. Clackamas County's project offered cooperative cataloging to its member libraries. This project has been of great benefit to the system and has been continued with county support. The cataloging of a number of branch libraries 114 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT has been co. mpleted sinee the start of the activity under LSA funds and it is being continued on a regular schedule. Malhour County's bookmobile project which brought education, information, recreation and joy to many was not continued at the end of the demonstration. The Grant County Library with a new building and a new bookmobile given by a generous resident received book grants which greatly enhanced its services. Consultative services were also given there and to other counties in eastern Oregon by one of the field consultants added witheLibrary Services Act funds. One u4 the first two field consultants was based in eastern Oregon at John Day and the other In western Oregon at Salem. They served (luring the first 2 years of the Library Services Act. Coos County, with seven municipal libraries in a fairly compact geographic area and with a county court which was fully in sympathy with good library service, was selected for the most complete demonstration of county library service that had been undertaken in an area without a county library. This was ab excellent county for such a project and was enthuSlastically received in many quarters. When the time came for a vote for county service, however, the negative vote won the day. The project was terminated after only a little over a year of service. Jackson County which received a grant-in-aid for 1960-61 through the Public Library of 'Medford and Jackiton County both to strengthen its member libraries' resources and to offer cooperatiie cataloging to the Ashland Public Library in Jackson County, immediaitely raised the county support of the library to enable branches to keep open longer hours so that patrons would have readier access to the enchanted book collection. That the people will take advantage of such an opportunity has been amply demonstrated with a 112 percent increase in branch book circulation for 1960 -01 over the previous year. In areas where the demonstrations have been most effective, strong profes- sional leadership has directed the activity and the improvement in library serv- ice. Another vital factor which cannot be overestimated Is the attitude of county governing officials toward the importance of good library service and Its concomitant effect on the educational resources of the community. liefore the Library Services Act, the Assistant State Librarian carried re- sponsibility for field work along with helping to administer a complex and well-developed State Library. In 1M7, two field consultants were added to the staff paid by LSA funds, plus a bookmobile librarian, a bookmobile driver and two clerical workers. The field consultants assisted with setting up the projects, met with librarians and officials. visited libraries, held reference book work- shops. and interpreted the need for larger units of service. A total of three full-time field consultants has been added to the State Library staff to extend services to public libraries throughout the State. It is hoped that these positions will be incorporated into the regular State Library budget. Regional cooperation with greatly improved service to the eitliens of Cr, County has been continued after the LSA project ended in central Oregon. Professtonal library 14badership in both counties contributed greatly to the success of the blounty (mpikoation. A new ('rook County Library building was also erected in Prineville during this time. The preparation of a union catalog for the Clackamas County Library as well as cataloging the collections of a number of its branches will be continued with county support. An appreciation of improved library service in both Tillamook and Benton Counties was evidenced by Tillamook's willingness to continue to support the cooperative, book processing even though it was not possible to have a Clatsop OREGON 115 County Library. At the polls Benton County voters showed that they wanted to continue the bookmobile service, even though they were not permitted to when Linn County defeated their county library ineasure. These advances are not gained overnight. They take time and patient, plodding effort. The enthusiastic response of many and the tireless unremitting efforts; of devoted citizens and library staffs to bring good library service to the people. are the foundation stones for better support for libraries in the years to come. Statistical Summary Serifices Counties now receiving library service which were unserved prior to program People in these counties to whom service is now available 0 Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service 15 People in these counts, to whom this service is 358, 462 Bookmobiles purchased under program 5 Number 0 Personnel added Field librarians Other professional librarians Clerks and drivers Others PENNSYLVANIA 3 10 21 0 Effective date of State Plan : July 1, 1957 Since Pennsylvania did not participate in the Library Services Act until fiscal year 1958, this constitutes a 4-year report. The most significant activities undertaken in Pennsylvania are described by project below. Strengthening the State Library took the form of adding staff to the Exten- sion and General Library Divisions, and the augmentation of the State Library's book collection through the addition of subject materials in depth. Results were (1) the improvement of advisory services from the State Library ; (2) improved interlibrary loan services with the filling of a greater number of interloan re- quests; (3) locating unusual books through an arrangement with the Union Library Catalog of Philadelphia ; (4) improved communications between the State Library and other libraries in the State through a publication program, including an annual compilation of Public Library Statistics ; and (5) the con- ducting of an informal training program through workshops for librarians and 1.1 trustees,. including two Governor's Conferences for Public Library Trustees. A statewide Survey of Public Library Service, directed by Dr. Lowell A. Martin, was conducted in 1957-58 and the findings were published in December 116 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT 1958 under the title Library Service in Pennsylvania, Present and Proposed. The survey recommended a comprehensive program of district and regional or- ganization of public libraries combined with a program of State aid. Act 188, The Library Code, passed in June 1961, implemented the major recommenda- tions of the survey, making the survey the most important and successful LSA project undertaken by this State. Five demonstrations of rural library service were begun, each through con- tract with an existing local library. Two of theme (Warm County and Lehigh County) resulted in new service, via bookmobile, to county residents based on a strong existing library within the county. One (Huntingdon County) involved the strengthening of an existing county library. A fourth (Barnesboro, Hast- ings, Spangler Counties) strengthened a small library system in three depressed "soft-coal" midstate boroughs, and the fifth (St. Marys Borough) aided in the rejuvenation of a library in an upstate borough where the municipal govern- ment _promised continuing support if the library could show that the people wanted it. All these demonstrations were still in progress as of June 30, 1961, and it is too early to judge the degree of their success. One tangible result has been the expansion in 1961 of the Barnesboro-Hastings-Spangler library system into a library system for Northern Cambria County, supported by county government. A sixth demonstration' involved the placing of 5,000 adult nonfiction books in a rural library system ( Bradford, Sullivan and Wyoming Counties) to show the utility of such materials in an extremely rural setting. These materials were circulated through 47 centers and 6 associate libraries. In 1959-60 the circula- tion of adult nonfiction titles in the Tri-County area increased 26 percent. The Public Administrators Round Table aimed at improving the quality of library service in rural places of eastern Pennsylvania through (1) involving the administrators of rural libraries in eight Z-hour discussions of library problems, staddards and procedures under the leadership of a public library specialist ; (2) rewarding the participating libraries with $500 to $550 worth of adult nonfiction or reference books ; (3) making field visits to the libraries concerned ; and (4.) the monitoring of reports from the participating libraries. In fiscal year 1961, the first year of this project 55 rural libraries participated. Their book collections were substantially strengthened by the addition of standard reference titles, for example, 23 new editions of adult encyclopedias and 24 new editions of juvenile encyclopedias can now be found in public libraries of eastern Pennsylvania which did not have such reference. works before or which had an outdated edition. All participating libraries based their first selections on the Hat of Minimum Reference Sources for Small Pennsylvania Libraries developed for the Pennsylvania survey. Out of this program grew a demand for inservice training in the use of reference materials. for which plans are being made for fiscal year 1962. The results in terms of improved local service and understanding of library objectives by round table participants have been sufficiently favorable to plan for extending the program to the rest of the State in fiscal 1962. Beginning in fiscal 1960, the State Library contracted annually with the Grad- uate Library School, Drexel Institute of Technology, for the part-time services of a public library specialist. She conducted field visits in behalf of the State Library, planned and participated in workshops and seminars under State Library auspices, and conducted the Public Library Administrators Round Table program. Under a special contract, she planned and directed a 1-week seminar on public library systems in June 1961 for the benefit of rural librarians of Pennsylvania. PENNSYLVANIA Statistical Summary Services 117 Number Cont Aties now receiving library service which were unnerved prior to program 0 People in these counties to whom service is now available......... 0 Counties with some service prior to prpgram now receiving improved or extended service 8 People in these counties to whom this service is available 840, 801 Bookmobil Vpurchased under program 3 el Pereennel ad(led Field librarians. 8 Other professional librarians. 19 Clerks and . drivers. 21 Others 441 5 Total 48 PUERTO RICO Effective date of State Plan : February 26, 1958 Our State Library Extension Plan became effective February 26, 1958. Activities carried out by our Library Services Division during that period have been many and varied. A brief resume of such activities follows.- Six public libraries were in operation in Puerto Rico by February 1958. Three of these belong in the San Juan area : Carnegie, Hostos, and Central High School. Three others were outside of the metropolitan area : Humacao, Vieques, and Yaw°. All facilities in these libraries have been greatly increased ; their equip- ment very much improved ; and their book collect ion enriched. Vieques has shown the most improvement. Hootos was moved from a dilapidated building small, but more suitable quarters. The Central library was turned into a school library, and it is now in the hands of the school authorities. Twenty-Wine housing projects Libraries are now in operation in 'Puerto Rico. These are offering good library services to their communities. Their book col- lections are very well kept up-to-date and circulation figures keep growing every year. Our bookmobile service is given by eight mobile units. Bayamon, the last unit put in operation, was inaugurated In October 1958. Though none of the book- mobiles has been bought with the Federal grant, the funds have permitted us to provide an adequate book collection for each unit. New service routes have been opened, and high circulation figures speak very well for the use of our bookmobiles' One hundred and ninety rural "traveling libraries" have gone out to the field from our office since February 1958. These collections with their choice variety of books have proved most useful to our rural communities. They have been 118 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT assembled at an average cost of $250 and are transported from place to place with great ease. These traveling libraries have rapidly become favorites of our country people. The public libraries serving rural towns are organised and supervised directly by the State agency. Premises as well as utilities are provided by the municipalities. New units of this type established during the period covered by this report are : Jayuya, Morovis, Orocovis, Toa Alta, and Yaueo. The librar- ies are offering excellent services to their communities. During 1961, a new library building will be completed in Puerto Rico. It is located in Moca (1,938 inhabitants) and has been constructed with combined municipal and State funds plus a donation from the late Americo Miranda of that town. Act 86 of June 20, 1961, appropriates $50,000 annually to encourage municipal!. ties of Puerto Rico to establish public libraries. Twelve municipalities have received assistance under the law. These are Adjuntas, Aguas Buenas, Bare ranquttas, Catano, Cayey, Cidra, Dorado, Fajardo, Nia,yagues, Ponce, Tot Baja, and Vega Baja. The Rociedad de Periodistas y Earritores (Newspapermen and Writers Association) has also received assistance under the law when it agreed to open its library to the public. Six publications hare been issued in the course of the period covered by this report. These are three editions of Anwario Ribliografiro Purriorriqurfio, a 1960 Library Directory, Enrique Laguerre Sable Sobrc lissestraa Bib notecase and Lois Rervicios Biblioteearios Pleb !loos en Puerto Rico. The Puerto Rico Planning Board has given a partial approval to a plan sub- mitted by the Library Services Division for the establishmept of eight district libraries in municipalities of over 30,000 inhabitants. 'An appropriation of $1,068,880 was asked for the project. The Board approved $900,000 exclusive of operating expenses which had been included in the plan. In addition to the laws already mentioned, the following legislative activity has taken place during the LSA program Act No. 19 at May 21, 1958, authorising the State agency to accept and re- ceive the Federal grant for rural library services. Act No. 141 of June 30, 1961, to increase to 4 dollars the State fund alloca- tion for each dollar of municipal funds appropriated for public libraries. The House of Representatives passed a Resolution allocating $50,000 for the construction of a building to house our Hostos Library in Santurce. The bill is pending Senate action. The amount of $25,000 was appropriated for converting the old U.S. Cu* toms building at Aguadilla into a library. A card duplicating unit has been set up in the central office. All types of cards, slips, and labels are printed there. The 1962 State plan was reproduced in the printing unit. Librarians' conventions and workshops have been held at least once a year. An enthuslaitic get-together of the bookmobile group W88 held in 1959. Rural librarians met in 1960, housing project librarians convened in 1961. All means to publicize our library services and bring our work to the attention of our citizens have been used. Radio talks and televised forums have proved most useful. On two occasions abort films have been made. Theme are exhibited in all theaters throughout the island and on television. Posters, photos, circular letters, and press notices are issued frequently. PERUTO RICO Statistical Summary Services 119 Number Counties' now receiving library service which were unnerved prior to Program 260 People in these counties' to whom service Is now 299, 707 Counties' with some service prior to program now receiving Improved or extended service 18 People in the counties to whom this service is available______ 18, 840 Bookmobiles purchased under program Personnel added Field librarians_ Other professional librarians 6 Clerks and drivers_ 18 Others_ 7 Total 81 1 Puerto Rico has no counties. Figures here represent rural communities and "barrios." RHODE ISLAND Efative date of State Plan : August 26, 1957 The IAA program in Rhode Island, designated Public Library Services in Rural Areas and operated directly under the Rhode Island Secretary of State, embluded four fiscal years of activity on June 30, 1961. After a painful period In rented quarters, the agency moved on July 1, 1959, into permanent, State- 4wned offices in the Roger Williamit Building. As a result of this move, the Central Ordering, Cataloging, and Processing renter, with a staff of eight, was able to function effectively for the benefit of rural public library service. The Center serves as an information headquarters, where consultations and workshops are held, where a carefully selected book I-mlectIon may be examined and chosen for local collections. and where technical tbrocessing operations are conducted in suitably planned work space. The Rhode Island State Plan continues to strengthen the collections of rural public libraries, to provide core collections of up-to-date reference material, subject books, classics, current books offering promise of lasting value, juvenile titles that have stood the test of time, and teenage reading of assorted appeal. Accelerated activity in the small libraries and a broadened clientele have both resulted from better book stock. The role of the community library has attained greater importance with the exodus of population to rural and suburban areas and with the construction of regional schools. The availability of timely, desirable books through LSA has encouraged the weeding of collections. The supervisor and assistant super deor have given 120 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT advice and support toi the down or so libraries thus engaged. Many volumes have been transferred to research lib.aries: ninny hare been sold for waste paper; valuable local histories have been gathered together for Rhode Island collections so that proper preservation and use could be assured. Althotuth Federal funds cannot be used for the purchase or erection of build- ings, they have stimulated improved library facilities and expansion has appeared in visible form. Two wings have been built at the Middletown nee Library and, the Arnold's Mills Community Library. Narragansett Pier Free Library has completed a new building that replaces an obsolete one. Active campaigns are now in progreas for new buildings or additions to improve other rum! libraries. A milestone was passed July 1 with the suecesatul completion of a Alm on library service in New England, The. Day the Rooks Weal Bknk. Sponsored by the library extension agencies of the Rix New England States and produced by 1}5iihoure. Studios of Boston, this film should prove a good investment of 1.8A funds, In bringing effectively to the screen the story of library service In our region. with the positive theme of how it may she improved thread' c4Ioperation. In its 1061 legislative session, the General Assembly appropriated for the fund library prograssi not only the usual annual suns to match the current Federal allotmen t but also a supplemental appropriation of P5,000 In order to match the Federal fund balance remaining under the first 5-year program. Between Starch 1958 and June 1961, 971 librarians and trustee visited headquarters: the supervisor and assistant supervloor made 126 Geld visits; 18 workshops were held ; the Central Ordering, Cataloging. and Processing Center ordered', cataloged, and processed 33,885 books for rural public libraries and 7,148 books for the bookmobile book pool, totaling 41,033: the bookmobile drew lated 101,718 books from September 30, 1958 to Jut* 30, 1981; from July. 1900 to July 1961, 50 items of professional value were produced or mimeographed ant distributed to the rural areas': and a newsletter has been sent out monthly.. The intangibles are difficult to measure and may not be fully apparent tor some years to come, but they deserve recognition in any report dealing with so . vital a. program as that of the Library Services Act. Consultative work Is cold description for the exchange of news, Informs- thin, and views that has been promoted by the program. CommunicaUon lines have been strong and are being used, not only from the center to rural libraries but from library to library. Trustees are .being drawn into the more active responsible roles that they should perform in presenting library needs to appro- priating bodies. Improved understanding of library techniques and tools Is stim- ulating untrained ilbrariana to take courses in library science and to attest! workshops. The battle is not Won, but Just begun. ...Communities are now becoming more aware that their libraries are not adequate. in books, in hours open, in service, and in financial support. Under the IAbrary Services Act, books, Informatics, and serviceg hare reached more people more effectively. There is leas com- placency over the statue q9o. Given some example of better public library service, communities are moving towards changechange for the better ID library standards. The time is propitious for consolidating promos made under the first 5 years of the LSA and for Insuring a vitalised pattern of good library service In the years to come. REODI /BLAND 121 II turd bookmobile Is a welcome sight to two Rhode Island youngsters. 122 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT ,ao VP Statistical Summary Services Towns now receiving library service which were unserved prior to Number program 0 People in these towns to whom service is now available 0 Towns with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service 29 People in these towns to whom this service is available 146, 054' Bookmobiles purchased under program 1 Personnel added Field librarians 0 Other professional librarians 2 Clerks and drivers Others 1 41. Total T 8 SOUTH CAROLINA Effective date of State. Plan : February 9, 1957 This report of progress offers tangible evidence which can be measured and counted, but it cannot include the more significant intangibles which can only be measured and evaluated by time. At the beginning of the Library Services Act program, South Carolina had a widespread and well-established system of county and regional libraries. The State Library Board had developed a program of library extension and improve- ment which was achieving results. The extent of the service was good ; the quality of service left much to be desired. Although book collections were generally in good, condition and of a high standard, State per capita book ownership was only .7 volumes and public libraries employed only 42 qualified librarians. No new county libraries had been established since 1953 ; no regional libraries since 1948. The public library program las certainly not at a stand- still, but further progress was going to be difficult and slow. The public library standards developed and adopted by the South Carolina Library Association in 1955 recognized this fact by setting sights on achievable goals. The greatest .portent for future progress was the public library's ability to appraise realis- tically and to plan with imagination. The beginning of the'Library. Services Act program in 1956 lent impetus to the entire public library program. A- plan designed to correct the major deficiencies in public service in the State was immedigtely adopted and put into effect. The very fact that. the Federal government .beljeved in the necessity for good public library service and was backing this belief with hard cash gave statue and SOUTH CAROLINA 123 authority to public libraries. South Carolina's public library program began to move aheadnot in new directions, but on a well-surveyed route to a higher level of service for all the people. The State Library Board, as the administrative agency for the program in South Carolina, added supervisory and administrative personnel ; acquired additional space and equipment ; and began to offer new services. The Board's major undertaking and most difficult problem was to develop the program under the State Plan. This involved the widespread dissemination of information about tip plan ; the careful, and frequently tedious, development of demon- stration areas ; and the formulatiOn of numerous contracts and agreements to cover the various projects. To improve reference service, an area in which South Carolina was particu- larly weak at both State and local levels, the State Library Board began to expand its reference and interlibrary loan service by the addition to the staff of a reference consultant and the provision of adequate funds for the purthase of books and materials. At .tie same time, grants of $2,500 each were made to county libraries for the purchase of basic reference materials. To insure the full use of the new reference resources and their further development, the reference. consultant and field staff conducted numerous workshops for library staff members in every area of ,the State. A workshop on business reference service _was held at the Charlotte Public Library for professional librarians. The use of the referenee and interlibrary loan service has grown from 309 reference and interlibrary loan transactions in 1957 to 4,887'such transactions in 1961. Over 38,000 books have been added to the reference and interlibrary loan collection and the collection has been augmented by the addition of sub- scriptions to the microfilm edition of some 221 business and technical periodicals. Although the use of this service has developed, phenomenally over the past 5 years, it still has a great potential which can be realised only when additional space and personnel are available. Growing out of the-neeir for more adequate reference service at local level, the Car6lina 'Materials Project- was developed. Probably no other of the thirteen original colonies so deeply reveres its history or has done so little to preserve it. There is a dearth of material on South Carolina history which is crippling to lay people and students who are interested in its study. With the idea of remedying this situation to a degree, the State Library Board with the assistance of recog- nized authorities in the field of South Carolina history, compiled a list of the hundred essential books in South Carolina history. The State Board then brought these books back into print br the Xerox Process and deposited the-books in one library in each of the six Congressional Districts which would agree to open its full history collection to the use of the people in the Congressional District. Not only has this project made available rare and valuable material hitherto unavailable outside of Columbiaeand Charleston, but it has been most persuasive in asluring the sharing of resources among public libraries and among users of public libraries over a wide area. It is yet too soon to form any clear Judgment as to the effectiveness of the Personnel Project in remedying the deficiency Qf adequately trained librarians for South Carolina's public libraries. The Senior Intern Project which termi- nated in June 1961, resulted in five trained librarians who were immediately em- .ployed on the staffs of the sponsoring libraries. There were several by-products of this program in young people who became interested in librarianship _and undertook the graduate program at their own expense. 687-842 0 - 63 - 10 4 O. '4 I 124. STATE PLANS TINDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT The Junior Intern Progrim, as a recruiting device, seems to have been most effective. Thirty-six young people have been directly involved in the summer training program and hundreds of others have been contacted through the pub- licity given the program in colleges throughout the Southeastern area. Of those directly involved, one is now in library school and five others will begin training in 1961. Ingervice training for professional librarians has been pursued through the granting of scholarships to attend out-of-State workshops. For the prepro- fessional, numerous short workshops have been held. A 2-week workshop in cooperation with Winthrop College was attended by 20 preprofesslonals whose enthusiasm over the training program warrants its continuance. As a means of improving the personnel standards in public libraries of the State, the State Library Board has developed, with the assistance of L. Marion Moshier, a certification plan for South Carolina. The State Library Board has . the legal authority to carry out such a plan, but has never had time or staff to develop the program. The proposal will be presented to the Public Library Sec- tion at the next meeting of the South Carolina Library Association. In order to remedy the deficiency in the size of the unit of administration by developing library systems in areas wide enough to provide good service meas- ured by both State and national standards, the State Library Board developed two projectsthe County Library Project and the Regional Library Project. The County Library Pioject was designed to accomplish the consolidation of libraries in the larger counties where more than one library was supported by public funds. The firsti,.project undertaken was that of the Anderson County Library whichwas legally established in the spring of 1957 following a referen clum which established the consolidated library system and approved a 1%-mill tax for its support. The demonstration, in spite of many difficulties and frustra- tions, can be judged now to have been a complete success. The system has resulted in improved public library service over the entire area. The objectives of the demonstration program were fully accepted by the people of the com- munity whose continued use and support of the program is the best proof of its success. That this demonstration has been influential in the library thinking of the rest of the State is demonstrated by the fact that a neighboring county, Greenvilleticonsolidated its two public libraries by an act of the legislature in the spring of 1961 and approved a 2%-mill tax on all county preperty-lor its support. borne progress is being made in York and Florence Counties to- wards the mime objective, and it seems reasonable, to hope that by the end of the 'next 5 years, these two counties will also have established strong central systems. The Regional Library Project was designed to demonstrate the values of consolidation and cooperation between groups of small counties in the establish- ment of large systems of service. The. first such demonstration undertaken was in Aileen-BarnwellEdgefield area adjacent to the new hydrogen bomb plant. The regional library systems in South Carolina are actually one library system serving an entire area with consolidated budget, board and staff. The regional library has been successful in offering service of a relatively high level to people throughout the area. Now in the final year of the demonstra- tion period, local funds are beginning to replace grant funds for the support of the service. This regional library is apparently a permanent organisation which will continue without interruption at the close of the demonstration period. Two other areas in the Statehave considered and studied the establish- ment of regional library service. These are the five counties in the south- eastern section of the State and the three counties in the Piedmont. section. So far, these plans have met with little success, but the plans are far from dead. SOUTH CAROLINA 4.1 125 An eager reader gets a helping hand from the bookmobile librarian, a recipient of one of South Carolina's junior library internships. As a means of helping public libraries overcome deficiencies in their book collections, the State Library Board'developed a Book Collection Improvement Project under which qualifying county and regional libraries secured grants based on rural population of 7 cents per capita. Grant funds were spent ac- cording to an adopted budget and In categories where book needs were greatest. By and large, the greatest amount of grant funds were used to purchase adgit nonfiction. The past 5 years have seen an unprecedented improvement in the quality of public library service throughout the State. This improvement was made pos- 126 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT Bible largely through Library Services Act funds. Every project developed under the State Plan is one which can be carried on with either State or local funds at the close of the demonstration peripid,::, It has been the aim of the State Library Board to develop the library progrtini as a part of the total State development. Although this means that matic appeal, the end result is a sound d a strong basis in local support ects lack some glamour and dra- pment of library service which has Statistical Summary Services Number Counties now ....*Iving library service which were unserved prior to program 0 People in these counties to whom service is now available 0 Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service 46 People in these counties to whom this service is available 1, 842, 649 Bookmobiles purchased under program 2 Personnel added Field librarians 1 Other `professional librarians 3 Clerks and drivers 3 Others 2 Total_ 9 1 Population in this category for the first 3-year period of the Library Services Act for South Carolina should bf 1,244,735, not 1,672,405 as shown in State Plans Under the Library Services dot. Supplement 2 (0E-15012). SOUTH DAKOTA Effective date of State Plan: December 15, 1956 The State library continued the classification and cataloging service for regional and other public libraries requesting the services. The project was started in 1957 and since then has produced over 80,000 catalog cards for more than 22,000 titles. The Northwest Regional Library was inaugurated in fiseal 1957 and was established permanently on January 1, 1959. The Northwest Regional Library Boar() is composed of representatives of the Harding County and Butte County library boards as provided in State Law. The Brown County Regional Library began in fiscal 1958, and was permanently established by law on July 1, 1959, with tax revenue becoming available 1 year later. The Brown County Library Board entered into contract* with areas in Spink and Day Counties to provide bookmobile service to the residents of each area on the pame financial basis as provided by one-half mill levy on property in SOUTEli DAKOTA 127 Brown County. Organisations in Eclawnds County, which adjoins Brown County, are studying the program with the objective of becoming a part of the Brown County Regional Library. The Tri-County Regional Library was inaugurated in fiscal 1959, and comprises the counties of Corson, Dewey and Ziebach Counties in June 1960, in accordance with State laws. County librat7 boards were appointed by the County Qom- missioners of Ziebach and Dewey (bounties. Corson Clounty, however, failed to appoint a county library board. Mandamus proceedings were started in Corson County by seven residents who petitioned the Circuit Court to direct the county commissioners of Corson County to appoint a county library hoard and to provide funds for the operation of tIe Corson County Library. When the Circuit Court Judge requested the petitions for evidence in the case, the county auditor could not produce them so the case was thrown out of court. A new set of petitions were immediately circulated in Corson County which received more dgnaturegi than the first petitions and were filed with the county commissioners, July 1, 1961. Also in July, the Corson county commissioners appointed a county library board which met and developed a budget for the Corson County Library and which was subsequently approved by the Corson county commissioners. The Regional Library Board was established in August 1961, with legally appointed representatives from the Corson, Dewey, and Ziebach county library boards. This board has had regular meetings and has taken over the operation of the Tri-County Regional Library which was legally established July 1, in accordance with the statutory provisions of the Laws of South Dakota. W Officials of the Buretu of Indian Affairs were contacted regularly and advised concerning the progress of the Tri-County Regional Library on the Standing Rock and Cheyenne Indian Reservations. Representatives of the Tribal Council participated in the meetings of the steering committee. The Minnehaha Rural Public Library, with headque)rters at Hartford, was inaugurated July 1, 1960. Bookmobile routes were established and service has been maintained on a monthly basis since July 1, 1960. Petitions to establish the Minnehalia Rural Public Library permanently were circulated. The Minnebaha county commissioners recognized the petitions and appointed a county library board which met in July and prepared a budget for the operation of the library. This budget was presented to the county commis- sioners and approved by them. In January 1902 when the county tax revenue becomes available the Minnebaha Rural Public Library will be permanently established on a local basis. Organizations have requested the display of the bookmobile at countywide and district meetings in six counties. Bon Homme and Charles Mix Counties are pre- paring an application for a bookmobile demonstration and Edmunds County is continuing their activity toward requesting a demonstration. In 1966-57 with the original $40,000 grant, the State Library Commission im- proved the facilities of the State library by purchasing equipment and books for the subsequent demonstradons of regional library service. The Open Door,.a film showing library development in South Dakota, was pro- duced by the Max Howe Film Productions, Inc., of Rapid City, in 1961. The purpose of this film is to acquaint the public with the development of libraries, the present library program, and to awaken interest in the development of goon library service as a means of meeting the book needs of the State. The book rant projiram, inaugurated in 1961, made ftnds available on a matching basis to those rural libraries which qualified. For example, libraries 128 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT with book budgets of $2504500 which increased this amount by $125 were eligible for a grant of $125 from Federal funds. Libraries with book budgets of $1,0011- $1,500 which increased their book budget by $.500 were eligible for a grant of $500 from Federal funds. The specific requirements to be met before the Book Grant was paid included : the increased book budget to be certified by city or county officials ; total budget not reduced ; indication of the types of books or periodicals to be purchased ; and attendance of librarians and trustees at workshops. The scholarship program, inaugurated in 1961, included not more than four professional scholarships of $1,500 each and not more than eight nonprofessional scholarships of $500 each. Recipients of professional scholarships were rewired 'to attend an American Library Association accredited graduate library school and to agree to work in rural library service in the State for at least 2 years. Recipients of nonprofessional scholardhips were required to attend summer Ses- sions in an American Library Association accredited library school and to work in rural library service in the State for at least 1 year. Statistical Summary (Cervices Number Counties now receiving library service which were unnerved prior to program 4 People in these counties to whom service is now available 15, 979 Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or eitended service People in these counties to whom this service is available 39, 141 Bookmobiles purchased under program 4 Personnel added Field librarians 0 Other professional librarians 0 Clerks and drivers 11 Others 1 Total 12 TENNESSEE Effective date of State Plan : February 6, 1957 The Tennessee State Plan is based on a plan for developing library systems which wAs in operation before the Library Services Act was passed. Federal funds have meant an accelerated expansion of the program and the addition of. some features which would otherwise not have been possible. Expanded services have resulted in a tremendous increase of public interest in libraries. TENNESSEE 129 Major emphasis was placed on developing the multicounty library systems which were designed to serve the 91 small- and medium -sired counties. On June 30, 1958, 68 of these counties were included in 10 regional systems. In order to serve the counties which would be added during the 5-year pro- gratii, 1 additional regional library center was established during the first year, bringing the total number of centers to 11. Two-year demonstrations financed with Federal funds were conducted in 12 rural counties. Each demonstration county was attached to one of the regional systems and the demonstration was conducted by the regional librarian. These $ demonstratio perhaps the m stration counts h would have been impossible without Federal funds, are atic success of the 5-year program. Most of the demon- s, small, small, extremely poor rural counties in which it would have been very difficult to establish public library service without a demon- stration. The response of people who, as one library trustee remarked, had never had anything to read except the Bible and the mail order catalogs was truly wonderful. At the end of the demonstrations, all 12 counties appropriated local funds to continue the service. Their appropriations were at a much higher level than those in most of the other counties. The services offered by the 11 regional library centers were expanded and im- proved. During this period all 10 regional library centers, which were irwpera- tion on July 1, 1956, moved to more adequate quarters. Staff has been enlarged ; more books and equipment have been purchased ; more bookmobiles and station uagons have been provided. With expanded staff and facilities the regional centers have been able to accomplish a great deal in the development of library service in their regions. An inservice training program for local librarians has been started, with more supervision by the regional staff. Local libraries have been reorganized for better service. Reading programs for adults and children have been expanded. Cooperation with local clubs and organizations has been improved. Publicity has been emphasized. The Public Libraries Division added one additional consultant whose primary responsibility was the development of an inservice training program for local librarians. She has prepared a total of 21 lesson plans for use with inservice training classes. She has taught a total of 69 classes and regional librarians have taught others. The program has shown results in the changed attitude of the local librarians and in their greater ability and self-confidence. For a number of years an annual series of work conferences for trustees and local librarians was held, the last being in September 1957. In 1958 these were replaced 6y the inservice training program for local librarians and an annual statewide trustee institute followed by regional institutes for the trustees. The trustee institutes have proved valuable in giving the trustees an opportunity to discuss library problems and to hear speakers present information of importance to them. The programs are planned by a committee of trustees and for the most part are carried out by the 'trustees themselves. The growth and develop- ment of the Tennessee library trustees as a result of these institutes has been remarkable. Contracts were made with three of the four metropolitan counties under which the State Library and Archives financed projects for the development of public library service to rural residents. These projects have added professional personnel ; expanded branches, stations, and bookmobile service ; added to the hookstock ; and reimbursed the central library for reference and circulation service to the rural people. 130 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT State appropriations have not increased appreciably during the 5 years of the program. The appropriation for the Public Libraries Division remained at $25,000 a year for the entire period. The appropriation for Regional Libraries was $250,000 in 1955-56 and $300,000 in 1960-61, an increase of $50,000 in 5 years. The 1961 General Assembly amended the Regional Library Boards Act to correct some ambiguities and omissions. In 1959-60 the Legislative Council Committee, as directed by the General As- sembly, made a study of public library service in Tennessee. The final report was released in November 1960. The making of the study was a significant experience for the trustees, librarians, and citizens who participated in it, and an informative one for the members of the Legislative Council Sub-Committee. The final report has already resulted in a revision of the rules and regulations for the regional library program with increased requirementi for local funds ., on a graduated scale in four steps. These requirements will become effective on July 1, 1962. Statistical Summary Services Number Counties now receiving library service which were unserved prior to program People in these counties to whom service is now available 87, &in Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service 76 People in these counties to whom this service is available 1, 763, 699 Bookmo.biles purchased under program 13 Personnel added Field librarians 1 Other professional librarians 10 Clerks and drivers 16 Others 17 Total 44 TEXAS Effective date of State Plan : January 1, 1957 -The L ry Services Act has given the Texas State Library its greatest opport ity to put into effect a program to establish public libraries and to improv ibrary service in the rural -areas of the State. Approximately 73 per- cent of Texas' existing libraries are either county libraries or are located in towns under 10,000 population. To begin the implementation of the act, the Texas Rural Library Service 814 organized to work in cooperation with the Director of Extension for rural library development. In December 1900, the Texas Library and Historical Commission placed the LSA program under the TEXAS 131 Director of Extension, and approved an expansion of the State plan to provide for different types of demonstrations designed to fit the wide variety of rural library conditions and needs in this large State. The staff of the Texas Rural Library Service began its work on May 1, 1957, and in the following 4 years bookmobile demonstrations served as the principal nieans of promoting library development. Library field consultants, in addition to supervising the demonstrations, gave professional advice and aid to librarians, trustees, and citizens interested in establishment and improvement of rural library service. The consultants also conducted workshops both in the demon- stration areas and in other parts of the State. The overall State plan provides for expanded statewide extension services to rural areas without library service or with inadequate service. In order to distribute services more equitably the State' has been divided into five library serviceareas. A major accomplishment under the Library Services Act has been to make possible a continuing program of statewide planning and service which furnishes professignal aid to librarians., trustees, and citizens' interested in improving existing libraries or starting new one in parts of the State not included in demonstration areas. Sixteen workshops have been held in this program. Other activities have included predemonstration work in 53 counties ; comple- tion of multicounty bookmobile demonstrations of 1 year's duration in 35 counties ; multicounty bookmobile demonstrations of 1 year's duration still under- way in 6 counties, and post-demonstration aid to 24 counties. -The 2-year -Coastal Bend Regional Library Demonstration" covering four counties has been completed. One result of this demonstration has been the hastening of the organization of the libraries of Jim Wells County into a legally established lib , a plan proposed some years prior to the regional library demon- stration. Apbropriations for rural library service by counties participating in the demonstration programs have increased 45 percent, and the first tricounty bookmobile service locally financed by county governments was established. Another notable accomplishment was the fact that for the first time in Texas a local organization planned and executed a specific program of cooperative prac- tices in a multicounty area including five participating libraries. Five air-conditioned bookmobiles have been purchased for the LBA. program, each being supplied with book collections of approximately 7,500 volumes and important nonbook materials. A total of 19,000 books has been supplied to the Coastal Bend Region for deposit in libraries of that area. A total of ap- proximately 20,000 books had been purchased prior to fiscal year 1961 for use in post-demonstration aid. Book collections have been assembled for field consultants to use in `workshops, plus materials prepared for workshop use and for distribution as training aids. Approximately 7,700 titles representing nearly 8ot000 volumes were ordered in the second half of fiscal year 1961 to be used for loan collections, interlibrary loan, additions to present bookmobile collections, loan to town libraries combining into county systems, and for fiscal year 1962 post-demonstration aid. An important development in the Texas program has been the setting up of a processing center for the State library to catalog and process all books and materials for the demonstration program of the Texas Rural Library Service as well as those in use by other divisions of the State library. Further, this center manufactures all catalog cards for these books and it has assisted In the cataloging of four libraries in the regional demonstration. Multilith and 132 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY ISERVICICEI ACT Friendliness and interest are characteristics of bookmobile librarians. Xerox mabines have been purchased to facilitate the production of catalog cards. During the second 'half of fiscal 1961, approximately 600 letters outlining the expanded rural development plan have gone to rural organisations; county officials, librarians, and trustees throughout the State. At the beginning of the Texas State Library development program, there were 181 predominantly rural counties with no library service or inadequate library service. Of this number, 43 counties have been served with demonstza TEXAS 133 dons. Staff work toward other demonstrations of various types is in progress in 10 others. The plan for fiscal 1962 includes demonstrations for extension of service to rural are by city and county librikries; the establishment of federated systems and cooperative library service arrangements; exhibits of bookmobiles ; book acquisition to expand the State libiary's interlibrary loan service and the book tollection loans of the Extension ; book loans to qualifying town li- braries presenting a plan for combifling into legally established county library systems; and book loans and staff assistancelor larger libraries which agree to serve the interlibrary loan needs of county libraries and those in towns under 10,000 population in the "natural areas", of the larger libraries. These methods are' in addition to those In effect since the initiation of the rural program. s. Statistical Summary Services Number Counties now receiving library rvice which were unnerved prior to pro- gram 11 People in these counties to w of service is now .... 7 116,398 Counties with some service or to program now receiving improved or extended service 34 People' n these counties to whom this service is available 528, 900 Bookmobiles purchased under program 5 Personnel added Field librarians. 2 - Other professional librarians_ 11 Clerks and drivers 16 Others 4 Total 33 UTAH Effective date of State Plan: July 30, 1957 An appropriate title for this report should be "The First Five Years in Four" since Utah accomplished a 5-year program in 4 years. From the first day LSA support became available- to Utah, there seemed to be a rebirth of interest in public libraries as a strong desire on the part of many leaders to see Utah have the best public library service. Basic geographic facts meant that Utah, with its population of 820,000 spread over an area of 85,000 square miles, needed to develop and promote some type of library service that would be effective in spite of the great distanges and sparee population. Recognising this, the State Library Commission held meet- ings throughout the State with librarians, library boards, and lay people. It was 134 MATZ PLANS UNDER 'ME LIBRARY 511111VICIS Acr soon apparent that even large regional libraries could not wire the problem of distance versus population. Bookmobile(' seemed a natural approach to the problem of distance, so the State libriry conducted bookmobile densonstrations in various areal of the State. This proved to be a perfect solution for making books conveniently available to small communities, but even though the book- mobile covered 12,682 square miles, it reached only 9,244 people, not a large enough tax base to make It poodble for the region to maintain adequate head- quarters to operate the bookmobile. This problem was solved by having the countlea contract with the State library to provide supervision and headquarters for the bookmobile. This is accomplished In the %flowing manner': the county pays the State to provide bookmobile service and the State library fully administers it for them. In this way the headquarters work for 6 bookmobiles serving 12 counties is done at -the State library. Rather than six separate headquarters, there is only one central headquartiers. Eacb bookmobile has a "sub-headquarters" where the circulation details are maintained find an hnmediate extra supply of books is housed. Througb an economical long-41donce telephone system ($4 per month), a rapid communlcadons system is always available with the sub-headquarters and the bookmobile librarians. In this manner, books can be dispersed rapidly from the central headquarters at the State library to meet specific needs on any bookmobile operating in the State. At the end of the first 5-year development program, the State library is serving 11 counties which prior to the program had no countywide library service. Nine of these are under contract and the other two are part-way through a 6 - month's demonstration. This brings either new or improved service to 96,247 people. To accomplish this,-tbe State library has purchased and pet into use 6 bookmobiles and 70,000 books, and it trained 8 driver-librarians who do an outstanding Job. The most significant aspect of this development program and one that should be rated high is the fact that seven new county library taxing units have been created to levy for Library service without one new administrative library unit being organised. In addition two county libraries have increased their tax levy to purchase bookmobile service from the State library rather than increase their present operation. One of the moat eignificant developments in Utah front the Library Services Act was the creation of the Utah State Library on July 1, 1957.. Animist' the Utah Library Association had tried several times previously to secure the estab- lishment of a State library, it was the impetus of LSA that finally urged the Legislature to pass the bill creating a Utah State Library with the authority to administer Federal funds for libraries. Utah, the only State without a State library at the time the Library Services Act bill was passed, was able to start 1 year later in the public library development prOgram. With no space avail- able at the State Capitol Building the kite library had to use temporary quarters for a year while the "coach-house" at the rear of the State-owned, former governor's residence was remodeled to provide suitable library quarters. It is hoped that a long-range building program which is in the planning stages will 'eventually provide permanent housing for the State library. The State library has °Mee equipment and furniture for 12 staff members, a well-equipped cataloging department, plus 102 linear feet of double-faced stand- ard library shelving, a reference collection of 10,000 books, and a public devel- opment collection of 70,000 books. The development collection is in use on the six bookmobiles operated by the State library on a contract basis with the UTAH 135 counties., In the face of critical shortages, the State library has been able to assemble a st.ff of three professional librarians, nine subprofessional librarians, and five clerical workera. With the growth of the State Library's reference collection there has been a &toady increase in reguiate from public libraries throughout the State. This has been a tremendous help in filling local book needs where the book collections are smalL As a direct side effect of UM the Utah Library Association has made some significant strides.forward. Dues have been Increased from $1 to a sliding scale based on salary with a minimum of $2. The position of Executive Secretary, on a part-time basis, has also been created. Section and permanent committees have been organised to allow for more concentrated effort thro list the year, and the convention has grown Into a 2-day program rather ). a 1-day meeting. In conclusion it may be stated that under L8A, Utah has come to life and is making good progress in the library field. Statistical Summary Service. Nunier Counties now receiving library service which were unserved prior to program........ .................... .... ..... People In these counties to whom service is now available...... 8, 948 Copnties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service........ ......... ......... ............. .... 11 People in the comities to whom this service Is 87, 580 Bookmobiles purchased under program.- Petwonnel added Fieldlibrarians. unp en.qu, 4.4.4m Imp qr. ..... IRVgo Wm ...... Mb ........... goo M, 4. WO GO aMt Wm MIA qff. Nt Nib 1P 1 Other protesslobal librarians Clerks and driven 7 Others...U11 ..... OD IMO Mb WI .110 ........ .............. 4 Iowa* OD MI MN MP. ..... ...... 1111. Mb MP 10 VERMONT Effective date of State Phut: January 16, 1957 The Library Services Act has math possible improved library services and facilities in Vermont. It has also stimulated interest and concern for all library services in the State. The results are evident in the greater use of books and library services throughout the State, Better services, buildings and staff are now available In Vermont than before'the Library Services Act became effective. Vermonters borrowed two books more per capita in 1960 than they did before the Library SeritcesA Act funds were available. The circulation of .0, 4. 136 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT books from the Free'Public Library Service increased 25 percent during this period. More books were available because of the increase in the book budget. Also these books were more readily available from five new large bookmobiles with more staff to give guidance in the selection a books. Many librarians of small public libraries were better prepared to select books and elleourage reading because of inservice training received at work- shops made possible by Federal funds. Forty-three workshops on book selec- tion, reference services, library promotion, cataloging and classification, book mending and storytelling have been held. Greater use of books is also due to the 1,577 film programs where books were introduced and made -easily available at the library following the Aim pro- grams. I one community, the circulation. of juvenile books tripled during the first year o Saturday morning film programs. These films were made available through the film cooperative with Maine and New Hampshire. Vermont purchased 46 films for the cooperative and through the use of Federal funds 1,577 film programs were conducted foi a total audience of 88,721 people. Another reason for increased use of &mks and libraries is the fact that many libraries were made more attractive and books were mare readily available due to help from the Free Public Library Service staff in weeding, cataloging, and providing book exhibits and posteis. The additional staff members needed to give this help were made available only because of Federal funds. Over 75 percent of the libraries have received such help since Federal funds have provided more consultative services and field workers. The publication, North Country lAbraeries, which Vermont and Nevi Hamp- Aire initiated December 1957 with Federal funds, has helped stimulate better services. Trustees and librarians have become more aware of potentialities in library services and also more informed about budgets and library admin- istration. Upon questioning trustees and librarians many of them replied, "I read every word of it and wouldn't bewithout it." Since Federal funds have been available to Vermont, 25 percent of the public libraries have received increased appropriations. Throughout the State, 50 cents more per capita is being spent for library services than was spent befor* Federal funds were available. The increased services include better reference services, film programs, story hours and book services. All book services have been improved because of the book services and book selection help provided by North Country.Libratiat and the Free Public Library Service staff. Improved library promotion and greater dissemination of pertinent infor- mation is evident in three new library building! and in many others that have improved lighting, heating, decoration, and space. The Vermont Free Public Library Service has used Federal funds to in- crease its staff in quantity and quality. This is reflected in all the improved library services in the State. The public 'libraries that have had changes iri headiibrarians show improved staff services. The trustees have used suggestions available from the State agency and have hired well-qualified, professional librarians to fill top positions., The Vermont Library Association has been active in the field of certifici: tion for librarians. Slow but steady progress is being made. - 4P. A* The use of Federal funds. has made possible definite growth and improvement in all library services in Vermont. ' ithout the funds and also theitimulation \ 4 VERMONT 137 provided by them it would have taken many, many more years to accomplish what has been done in the past 5 years. Statistical Summary Serricee Towns now receiving library service which were unserved prior to program People in these towns to whom service is now available Number 0 0 Towns with some service prior to rogram now receiving imprOved or extended service 241 People in these towns to whom this service is ....... 816,011 Bookmobiles purchased under program 5 Personnel added Field librarians 6 Other professional librarians 2 Clerks and drivers 1 Others Total 9 VIRGIN ISLANDS o Effective date of State Plan : November 22, 1957 0 Since its inception in the latter part of the fiscal year 1957-58, the rural library extension program in the Virgin Islands has made.great strides. After" approval of the State plan in December 1957, much was done to build up this special service to the people of the Virgin Islands: For the first year of opera- tion, the Virgin Islands were fortunate in being able to qualify for a cumulated amount of funds since the funds for the first year carried Qver. That year the Federal portion was matched by the stipulated $5,000. Since that time, an effort has been made to match the Federal portion at a two-to-one ratio. The loml legislature has been very diligent in appropriating the necessary amount. .Because of specific designations regarding population made by the Act, the Is lands of St. Croix and St. John are considered wholly rural and the LISA program has been cowentrated on these two islands. Many innovations have been made in order to carry these services through. The library at Frederik- sted moved to new quarters And much was done in the way of repairing and furnishing the library to att.xaermOre patrons, both young and old. The 'new location and frie,Daration of Age groups were also important factors in attracting newcomers. New equipment was konichased ; centralized processing was started in order to insure uniformitrivall the branches ; and a union catalog was estab- 138 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY sumacs ACT Hashed so that there would be knowledge of the holdings of all the branches at the main library. To carry this full load of work, it was necessary to enlarge. the processing section of the main library. New books and other library materials were purchased in order to keep the interest high and circulation growing. Plans were formulated for the purchase of a bookmobile which would enlarge the 4ervices on the Island of St. Croix and 'for the extension of the service to St. John. With a large majority of the population in St. Croix being unable to fully utiliz4 the facilities of the two public libraries, it was felt that the "library-on-wheels" would best meet this need. On November 15, 1958, the book- mobile arrived in St. Croix and following appropriate ceremonies the new service was Introduced to the public. This service has continued to hold the enthusiasm of the borrowers and whenever there is a lapse in its appearances, the queries are many. This bookmobile price has been responsible for the noticeable growth in circulation on that Island. There is always the necessity to keep this source of library materials well supplied: At the start, the book- mobile made regular school stops in order to acquaint the students with the facilities since the were centralized areas. However,- after they became famil- iar with the service and had interested their parents, the school stops were discontinued, and they were urged to use the bookmobile at community and neighborhood stops. A sizable collection of Spanish books has been included in the holding of the bookmobile in order to serve the large Spanish-speaking population On the island. The routes that the bookmobile follows are announced daily 'on the local radio station to alert the villagers of its coming. On the island of St. John, the Cruz Bay branch library was opened early in 1959 and was welcomed by the residents of that island. Presently the library is sharing the quarters of the municipal court of St. John. This venture brought the library into their "back yards." However, this branch could not possibly serve the entire island as there is much traveling to be done from the outer edges of the island. To accommodate these far-off residents, traveling Treasure Chests are sent out periodically. Interlibrary loans from the main library are also sent to the branches upon request. Much has been done in the way of renovating and redecorating the libraries. The children's room of the Frederiksted Public Library is presently being equipped with new steel shelving and modern attractive furniture. The .wooden shelving of the adult section of the same library will also be replaced. The Christiansted Public Library building, since it is an historic site and supervised by the National Park Service; cannot have any appreciable renovation done by the local government. It is hoped that when the St Croix Museum, which. occupies the ground floor of this building, moves to its new home the library will be given first preference in obtaining the vacated space. This area would be used to house the children's section of the library which at present is very small and the adult section would be able to spread out into much needed space. As yet, nothing bas been done to take the service to the rural areas of St. Thomas since the residents, of those areas have some access to the public library and it was felt that the need for expanding the service in the other two islands was more urgent. The main library has participated in the LSA program to the extent that several pieces of equipment were provided to carry out the central- ized processing operations. Of course, there is still the problem of insufficient personnel in the main library to carry this additional load. VIRGIN ISLANDS Statistical Summary Services 139 Number Counties' now receiving library service which were unnerved prior to program_ 0 People in these counties' to whom service is now available 6, 779 Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service 0 People in these counties' to whom this service is available 8, 417 Bookmobiles purchased under program 1 e Perttenttel added Field librarians 0 Other professional librarians 0 Clerks and drivers 0 Others 1 Total. 1 I Virgin Islands have no counties. VIRGINIA Effective date of State Plan : January 18, 1957 The Virginia public library program has been strengthened greatly during the past 5 years according to statistics of such factors as number of libraries, local revenue, volumes held, and circulation. These comparative data show increases for every phase of library operation. Care must be used, however, in evaluating the statistics. For example, the growth in total circulation from 4,827,814 in 1955 to 7,579,436 in 1960 is not significant unless an analysis by type of reading is made. In many instances, the circulation per capita is unusually high because of service to schools. This quantitative circulation represents a minimum of effort in the public library function. It may be compared to net fishing versus angling. A bookmobile may go to a school and literally unload to- a captive audience with the result that between 60 and 88 percent of the books loaned are juveniles. On the other hand, adult nonfiction circulation, which increased from 18 percent to 22 percent rep- resents a real effort on the part of the librarian to lure serious readers into the library. Providing books and materials to meet the informational needs of the community is the most important job of the librarian. It is heartening to know that Virginia's public libraries show a marked trend upward in providing this service. While the total library revenue of $2,540,688 for 1960 is considerably higher than the $1,881,90 in 1955, the greater figure .represents an expansion rather 887-642 0 -.63 - 11 140 BTATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT than an increase. Local per capita revenue for regional and rural county libraries shows very few .gains. Had it not been for State and Federal grant& the level of library service in the rural areas would have been very low indeed. Both Federal and State aid are designed to. encourage increased support at the local level. Rather than attaining this objective, it appears that many Virginia libraries are leaning more on outside help. In some instances, local budgets have not been increased for 5 years or more. Even with the grants-in-aid, Vir- ginia library revenue is far below the national standard proposed for effective library service. It is well to keep in mind that the average per capita expendi- ture shown for Virginia is based on the population served by libraries. Based on the total population of the State, only 42 cents per capita is being spent for public library service. In spite of this, progress is being made. The percentage of persons without library service has been reduced, from 35 to 30 in the last 5 years (1950 census) . Measured by the 1960 census, the percentage of people without library service is 27.5. Federal aid in Virginia has been allocated to libraries serving rural popula- tions under the same formula used for State aid. In ordet to qualify for either or both grants, a library must meet minimum standards set by the State Library Board. In addition to allocating grants to existing libraries, we also set up demonstra- tion libraries and give establishment grants to newly organized libraries., The Eastern Shore Public Library was organized as an independent regional library in 1958 following an 18-month demonstration period. Wise County followed suit in 1960 and Russell County in 1961. Establishment grants of. $1 per capita up to $50,000 have been made to the following libraries : Walter Cecil Rawls Library and Museum at Courtland, Virginia Beach-Princess Anne County, and the Nor- folk County Public Library. There is no doubt that interest in library organization and development has in- creased greatly during the past 5 years. In April 1901, the first Governor's Con- ference on Public Library Service was held in Richmond. This was sponsored by the Virginia. Library Association and financed by Federal funds. Approximately 200 trustees, Friends of Libraries and librarians attended, and group participa- tion exceeded all expectations. This was, no doubt, due to the excellent discus- sion leaders, many of whom came from Maryland and the Library Services Branch, U.S. Office of Education. The Governor's Conference did much to create a favorable climate for library improvement in the State. Unfortunately, it is impossible to take full advantage of this because of the lack of trained personnel. In an effort to bring recruits in to the profession, a scholarship program for graduate work in library science was established in 1957. This program carries a stipend of up to $2,000, in return for which the recipient agrees to work for the sponsoring library for 2 years. Any library receiving State or 41rederai funds is eligible for the scholarship grants. To date, only 12 persons have taken advantage of this program. The progress of Virginia's public libraries during the last 5 years, while not spectacular, has been sound. The future looks encouraging. The extension of the Library Services Act for another 5-year period will enable Virginia to con- tinue its demonstration program which seems to be the only effective means of establishing libraries in rural areas. VIRGINIA 141 Statistical Summary Services Number Counties now receiving library service which were unnerved prior to program 7 People in these counties to whom this service is now available 1238, 663 Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service 26 People in these counties to whom this service is available 1667, 709 Bookmobiles purchased under program 18 P ersennel added Field librarians 0 Other professional librarians 8 Clerks and drivers 13 - Others 9° 0 Total N I Population figure includes 2 independent cities of less than 10,000. WASHINGTON Effective date of State Plan: July 1, 1957 The Library Services Act left its mark upon the library world of Washington State, primarily because it made possible the Columbia River Regional Library Demonstration.' This resulted in the establishment of the North Central Regional Library, a five-county library district. This development was a significant step in implementing Washington's Regional Library Plan. The State Library Commission has as its goal the achievement of good library service for all the .citizens of Washington Stateservices which meet the national standards of the American Library Association. To this end, it adopted the proposed Regional Library Plan as a guide for long-range library development. The plan divides the State into 12 regions, each with a large enough tax and population base to support a program of good library services. The Washington State Plan, under the Library Services Act, included : 1. Continuation of service to unnerved areas by the State library on a limited basis. 2. Improvement of both the quality and quantity of service to libraries from the State library through interlibrary loan, supplementary materials, and reference service. 3. continuation and improvement of State library consultant service. 4. Provision for grants to existing library wilts when they combine or con- solidate to implement library service. These grants would be nonrecur- 142 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT ring and designed to assist in upgrading below standard service to the level the combined program could support. 5. Library demonstrations which would ultimately achieve local support and direction of a fully integrated region. The State library has used increased appropriations during the Library Serv- ices Act period to strengthen and increase its book and reference services throughout the State. This enrichment program has provided additional ma- terials and research assistants to better the State library's program of library service. A 25-minute color film Yours for the Asking: Regional Library Service in Washington State, was produced by the State library and has served as a great boon to the library consultants in telling the story of the proposed library devel- -opment plan for Washington to groups throughout the State. Integration grants have been given to five library systems when cities within their respective areas contracted for library services, thus enabling the libraries to upgrade the service so that affiliation began at a standard level. Principles for demonstrations were adopted and selection of the area of the State for Washington's first library demonstration was made. The choice was Region IX of the Proposed Regional Library Plan, an area comprising the five counties of ehelan, Douglas, Perry, Grant, and Okanogan-15,000 square miles with a total population of approximately 188,000. On June 1, 1958, the Columbia River Regional Library Demonstratibn initiated full library service through its headquarters, participating community libraries, three bookmobiles, and the U.S. mails--providing books, periodicals, pamphlets, recordings, and films with a staff trained in the various facets of library service. In other words, library service approaching the goal of meeting American Library Association standards of service WAS in effect. For 2% years residents of the area enjoyed the library service provided by the demonstration with the knowledge that in November 1960 they would have to decide if they wished to keep it. And on November 8, 1900, the people voted "yes" to the question as to whether the library district should be established. Library service for the rural areas was assured since what had been a demon- stration under the State library now became a legally established governmental unit under the supervision of a seven-man library board appointed by the.county commissioners. When the State library began its phasing-out period, this new board started to assume control of the library district, both in operation and in financing. A major task was the negotiation of contracts with towns which wished to con- tinue to receive the high level of library service they experienced during the demonstration. By the end of July 1961 a majority of the 87 towns in the area had "signed contracts with the new district. The North Central Regional Library is now "on its own." Following the successful vote, an evaluation of the demonstration was under- taken to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the program. The presi- dent of the Washington Library Association, the group which hand-in-hand with the State library has over the years assisted in determining direction and pro- moting library development in the State,- conducted a series of interviews in the demonstration areas for first hand coverage. The findings were reported at an evaluatiQn meeting held in the State library to which representative individuals from the area were invited to present their opinions to a group of key librarians. From this meeting came information, suggestions, and recoin- WASHINGTON MO, 143 A successful fivekmunty demonstration of good rural library service resulted in the establishment of the North Central Regional Li- brary in the State of Washington. mendations to assist in the continuing program of statewide library development in the future. Now underway is Washington's second library demonstration : extension of library service to imserred Island County from the already established Etna boinish County Library District. The predemonstration period was April- Oetober 1961 during which time materials and equipment were purchased and staff recruited by the Snohomish County Library District. The district library is administering and operating the demonstration program under a grant from the State libraiy. The "library story" is being told to Island County residents by the consultant staff of the State library which is responsible for the pro- motional end of the program. 144 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY 131111VICSS ACT Hill library service began in October 1961 and will continue until November 1962 when the rural residents will decide if they wish to keep the service by voting the establishment of a library district and assuming responsibility for its support, The success to date of Washington's program under the Library Services Act serves as impetus for the continuation of its plan for library development as a means of providing good library service for every citizen in the State. Statistical Summary Services limber Counties now receiving library service which were unnerved prior to program People 'in these counties to whom service is now available 0 Colludes with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service .5 People In these counties to whom this service is available 91, 756 Bookmobiles purchased under program Personnisi added Field librarians -44p. 0 Other professional librarians 12 Clerks and drivers 34 Others 0 Total 46 WEST VIRGINIA. Effective date of State Plan: January 1, 1957 The general aims of the West Virginia State Plan under the Library Services Act were to continue the West Virginia Library Commission's program of develop- ing larger units of service; to continue the Commission's policy of exercising its leadership and aid through services rather than money grants ; to work for a specific service plan for a specific area each year, such as county or regional demonstrations, cooperative activities among existing libraries, and cooperative activities between' nonserved areas and existing libraries : to enlarge the scope of loan services to small libraries including additional books, advisory services, and technical aid ; and to expand the centralized ordering and processing of books and materials. In 1952, the State was divided into 14 regions by a special library survey. To implement the library development program, one or more of these Opecific areas were included in the LM activities each year. Iron vntaitaa. 145 In 1957, the acquisition of a basic book collection for Region "B", composed of Harrison and Upshur Counties, was completed. A 3-year demonstration was begun in this region in 1956. Preparation for demonstrations in Maishall and McDowell Counties was made in 1958. County survey reports for the two counties were done by a Commission consultant. Two bookmobiles and basic book collections were purchased and processed. In 1959, advisory committees appointed by the county courts worked with the Library Commission on plans for a regional program to serve Raleigh and Fay- ette Counties. Since McDowell County did not accept the program, the books and bookmobile purchased for that county were held for the Raleigh-Fayette service, and additional books and a second bookmobile were also purchased. A surrey report was made by a Commission consultant. A 8-year demonstration of the Raleigh-Fayette regional library began in late 1959. Another region, composed of Cabell, Lincoln, Mason, Putnam, and Wayne Counties, was given priority in 1960. The preparation included working with the Huntington-Cabell librarian and library board, and community faders in the other counties ; completion of a basic book collection ; and the purchase of a bookmobile. During the same period, plans were made for Lewis County to Join the Harrisoi-Upshur Region. The contribution of the State Library Com- mission included a survey report by a staff consultant, the purchase of additional books for the region, and the purchase of bookmobile. In 1961, Putnam County contracted with the Huntington-Cabell Library Board for service, and Lewis County cbntratted with the Harrison-Upshur Regional Library for service to begin January 1961. Activities in another region, com- posed of Braxton, Clay, Gilmer, Nicholas, Pocahontas, and Webster Counties, included completion of the basic book collection, the purchase of two bookmobiles, and work with advisory conunittees appointed by county courts in all six counties. Preparation for Region "3", composed of Plessants, Tyler, Wetzel and Wood Counties, included a survey report by a Commission consultant, purchase and processing of a basic book collection for the area, and the purchase of a book- mobile. When Wood County declined participation in the regional program, emphasis was shifted to extending service from Marshall County into the other counties in the region. Wetzel County plane to Join Marshall County in the first year of a regional demonstration. It is significant that Marshall County, which was West Virginia's first new program under the Library Services Act, is now becoming the center for a regional library. LOA funds have helped the Commission to exercise a leadership role in stimu- lating statewide library development through conducting workshops ; exhibiting bookmobiles ; working wrath advisory committees ; preparing a manual for re- gional advisory committees ; sponsoring a film of a West Virginia regional library development program ; and publishing various informational items about the work of the Commission and the library program. The film entitled Books-- Lots of Books was produced in 1958 and has been used extensively by consultants, librarians, and community leaders to show how a regional library operates. The improved quality and expanded quantity of Commission services to rural libraries is indicated by such activities as providing basic reference collections to 16 small tax-supported libraries in 1957 ; emphasizing interlibrary loan serv- ices from the Commission ; assigning special personnel to the interlibrary' loan program ; sponsoring statewide workshops which have been well attended ; and 146 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SEIRIC1113 ACT A statewideconferenceon library problems in West Virginia attracts both librarians and library board members from rural areas. giving improved consultant services to every county in the State by staff mem- 1)firs who were assigned geographical territories for this purpose. A project to expand centralized ordering and processing of books and other library materials included leasing and remodeling a former supermarket for the processing operations and for housing the headquarters book collection ; addition of clerical personnel ; assignment of a full-time professional librarian as head of technical processing ; and processing of books purchased from local funds for regional libiaries. Statistical Summary Services Number Counties now receiving library service which were unserved prior to program 2 People in these counties to whom service is now available 103, 464 Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service People in these counties to whom this service is available Bookmobiles purchased under program._ 886, 6,6 8 WEST vutantru 147 Personnel added Fieldlibrarians... =HOD NO GO alrelwap ID gm. gpolow INIW/fr 11111.111111.1111111111. gm 11411.41/1414111. Other prolhosional librarians. liso Mb MD ow MO so ID iw IOW VP ea 4WD MD MD IM 4WD WM OD a ma imp OD im ....... Clerks and drivers. .......... .... in. am so go. la or 111111110 OD fa, qll MIN MD IND lib an, WM ........ qOP OM QED IrOtata ................ UM NO .0.0, IMP ea IMP IOW OWIN 11. MI. WI, N. Op ego es MID 4WP 111441W. WO OD elp .mr 4WD.411, ..... 8 WISCONSIN Effective date of State Plan: January 1, 1957 When funds became available under the Library Services Act, the Free Library Commission, the Wisconsin Library 4Bsociation, and the Library Trus- tees Association agreed upon a greatly broadened plan for development of adequate public library service in Wisconsin. The funds made possible a major study of the State's public libraries which will give guidance in developing future activities and county governing boards have been stimulated to take a second look at library service. LSA funds have given the State library extension agency staff, books, equipment, and operating funds to serve the State more adequately ; and perhaps most significantly, have helped convince library boards and governing bodies that they must look toward cooperation cith others as a means of solving the very serious problem of providing good service where the service level has been very poor. The Wisconsin State plan has provided for funds to be used each year in strengthening /he services of the Free Library Commission. A part of the improvement of the agency's services has been achieved by a thorough review of its organisation and subsequent improvements in policies and practices. rStaff appointments have varied in number for special short-term activities, but four "permanent" employees are now (1961) paid from Federal funds, and State appropriation for these positions has been sought (to date, without suivess) from each session of the legislature. Federal funds have also been u: 40r the purchase of such equipment as a station wagon, shelving, filing cabinets, desks, and typewriters. Hooks purchased with LFIA ds have materially strengthened the Com- misgion's General Reference and n unit. In a 10-year period, State appropri- ations for books have actual! declined While there Las been a sharp rise in book costs. In the first 5 years of LSA, expenditures for boors from Federal Nulls totaled $71,458, while expenditures trom,State funds for the same purpose amountell to $48,810. The Commission'eabillty to meet its responsibility for training' librarighs and library board members on the Job has been improved through these increases in staff and materials, and-by the availability of funds for extensive travel and other operating expenses. Workshops related to various aspects of the LSA program have been held in all parts of the State; statewide programs have included a conference on work simplification in libraries, and a Governor's Conference for library board members. A statewide survey of public library conditions was made for the Commission by the Bureau of Government of the University of Wisconsin, under the terms I48 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT of a contract between the two agencies In fiscal 1950. Financed by a $10,000 grant of LSA funds, the Bureau of Government in April 1961, produced a two- _ part report entitled Facing,the '605 ----TAc Public Library in Wisconsin. This report is rapidly being recognized as a steppingstone to further progress by the Comtnissio9, by librarians, and by library board members. The facts published In this survey are not new, but they have been brought together for the first time in this report for use by those Wisconsin citizens who are not going to be satisfied to continue ill-organized and inefficiently functioning gov- ernment services. Scholarship@ for graduate study and for library assistants have been offered for 8 years. Ten awards have been made of $1,000 each to students attending graduate library schools, and 29 grants of $50 each have been made to individ- uals enrolled In the University of Wisconsin Extension Division's course "Introduction to Library Science." Legislation enacted in 1957 authorised county boards of supervisors to appoint library committees to study existing library services available in their counties and to make recommendations for improvement. Since then, such committees have been appointed in more than 20 or Wisconsha's 70 counties. The Com- mission's consultants work with each of these committeeft, assisting them in designing and conducting the study and In formulating recommendations. Six- teen of the committees are in counties participating In demonstration projects, and of these, 5 contributed to the initial planning of the L8A projects. Eleven cognty committees were appointed after the projects got underway. Witronsin's six LSA pro ts have taken several forma. Three have been planned and organized on a e-county basis. Each of these has passed a suc- cessful demonstration phase, and has secured local support that will permit continued operation. Wisconsin's first such project provided for extension of Milwaukee Public Library's bookmobile service into eight suburban communities in Milwaukee County which do not bare libraries of their own. A demonstra- tion project in Shawano County has permitted the Shawano City-County Library to add a second bookmobile to serve rural adults. By late 1961, the Shawano Library, serving a population of 34,351, hail begun to talk of extending the serv- ices of its two bookmobiles--into rural areas of surrounding counties. A third project in Barron County, has brought the librarians of five small libraries together through the use of a central book collection; it has resulted in the opening of two station libraries in small communities; and it has stimulated the appropriation of funds for library service for the first time by the county board of supervisors. . Three multicounty projects have..been underway. A Library Processing Center serving 18 libraries in five counties of southwest Wisconsin was organiked in 1959 and within 2 years the number of participating libraries rose to 23. The center was planned as the first part of a potential five-county library system. jt, quickly stimulated the participating libraries into increased spending for books, due in part to periodic book selection meetings which were held by the supervising librarian at the Center. During 19411. county boards of supervisors appointed committees to work together In planning for the center's future, and appropriated funds, for the first time in this area, for partial operation of the activity. A four-county library project, serving Ashland, Bayfield, Iron. and Price Counties, has been in operation for 2 years and now has secured partial sup- WISCONION 149 port from each of the participating counties. This is another case In which county funds have been appropriated for library service In an area for the first time, County library committees are making plans for continued operation of the service which includes; a bookmobile serving 43 communities without libraries, deposit collectins of circulating and reference books in each of the area's libraries, and a central reference service at the project officee In Ashland. A six-county project, Deming Florence, Forest, Lang lade, Lincoln, Oneida, and VI las Codnties with a bookmobile and collections of books added to the area's several small libraries, got underFay in fiscal ma County library committees hare been appointed, and the possibilities of organizing the area as one library apiteth are being studied. No appropriations have yet been sought from these county boards. Wisconsin's State plan for the use of Federal funds in rural' library extension does not limit the Free Library Commission to'one or two patterns of service or organization which must be made to et all areas of the State. In 5 years the Commisaion has experimented with several types of library programs to see just hoe' each alight work In a particular area. The Milwaukee bookmobile has been an example of extension of well-organized city library service by contract.to suburban areas; the. Shawano project was de- signed to strengthen the service of an already well-established city-county library ; the Barron County experiment was set up to test the feasibility of a county. or possibly a multicounty library system in this pert of the State. The four- and six-County bookmobiles have been operated to test the feasibility of multicounty units in sparsely settled and relatively poor parts of the State. The Library Processing Center Lx southwest "Wisconsin is organized as a federation among existing libraries. Wisconsin's use of LSA funds, then, might bedescribed as flexible and experi- mental in Its first 5 years, Two aims have been uppermost : that the pattern of organization must fit the area's desire to take advantage of the service and its ability to pay for it ; and, that in any area of the State the value of cooperative effort in making any sort of improvement is all-important. The achievements in library development that,might be attributed to the availability of "seed money" \ under LSA are both greatand smallgreat, because of a fresh and widespread interest in library improvement ; but small, because the increased appropria- tions, to date, have been really meager in terms of what is needed. Five years of Pxperi meats lion is just a beginning of a new program of library development in this State. Statistical Summary Service8 Nomber 0ounties now receiving library service which were unserved prior to program ' 0 People In these counties to whom this service is now available (1 Counties with some service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service People in these counties to whom this service is available.______ 1,917,171 Bookmobiles purchased under program........ ..... 150 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT Per 8ontnel added Number Field librarians 2 Clerks and drivers 7 Others 0 Other professional librarians /t Total 14 WYOMING Effective date of State 'Plan: July 1, 1959 Although the Library Services Act program has been in operation for only 2 years to Wyoming, indications of its value have become quite apparent. Prior to the adoption of the State Plan for the Further Extension of Library Services to Rucal Areas, the Wyoming State Library gave only incidental and token extension service to the 23 county library systems in the State. Budgetary a limitatiOns in salary and travel categories prevented us from securing trained personnel to set up a good extension program. In July of 1960, Wyoming's first library field consultant began a tour of the 65 county and branch libraries scattered over an area of 97,411 square miles. Since then, this consultant has traveled 4,513 miles visiting 30 county and branch libraries. Some of these were revisited for follow-up work. Many librarians and trustees, who hadn't felt the need of a. consultant back in 1956 (when a questionnaire was circulated) are now eagerly waiting for a second or third visit. The consultant has helped with book selection, cataloging, weeding, public relations, and building programs. During the 2 years of the program, various staff members have traveled a total of 9,109 miles and have given consultative service to 44 county and branch libraries. Eight workshops in library problems and procedures were presented with a total attendance of 228 librarians and trustees. During the past year, a special session for trustees has been arranged at each workshop. A trustees section of the Wyoming Library Association, organized with three members in April 1961, now boasts 18 members. Book resources at the State and county level have been expanded and improved with LSA fvnds. The State Library has acquired 8,35 volumes during the 2-year period. Duplicates of standard catalogs and re *rence tools have been added to the collection for, workshop presentation. Professional publications are now receive'd in duplicate so that the staff members may have ready access to them. Art books, includipg the UNESCO series, have been purchased for long- term loans to public libiaries. Under the centralized purchasing plan 16,727 volumes have been ordered by the 18 participating libraries. A basic reference list was provided and Snit purchases were selected from this basic list. When, reference needs were filled, books in the fields of art, science and Western Americana, as well as adequately bound juveniles, comprised the bulk of the orders. "51 . In addition to the field consultant, two-full-time employees and one part-time employee have been added to the State Library staff. A part-time professional WYOMING 151 assistant takes charge of technical processes and any dutfes not assigned to other staff members. A fulltime assistant handles centralized purchasing for 18 county libraries, has charge of publicity and serves as official photog- rapher. The third staff member is a full-time bookkeeper needed to hanclfe the work involved in centralized purchasing and Federal fiscal forms. Since July 1, 1960, a full-time professional law librarian has been employed and beginning in July 1961, the law division will operate under a separate budget. Although law service is not included in the LSA plan, this change in operation Is important because it relieves other staff members from performing a part of the function of the law division. To strengthen the role of the State extension agency, a professional reference librarian and at least one more field consultant are needed. The area to be covered and the distances between libraries make consultative visits very difficult and time-consuming. There simply isn't time for one field consultant to do the follow-up work necessary in those libraries which have never been cataloged. More and more, it -is being found that small branch libraries are simply existing with pitifully inadequate budgets and virtually no direction or help from the county library. Some of these branches are located in counties where Federal funds have been refused. Publicity on library activities through State and local newspapers has been excellent National Library Week provides a good opportunity to tell the story of the library and every county has taken advantage of this opportunity to inform the community of what the public library has in books and services. The State Library has, for the past 10 years, compiled, edited, mimeographed, and distributed the Wyoming Library Roundup, official publication of the Wyoming Library Association. We have long felt the need for an extension publication beamed to county librarians, branch librarians, and trustee& This need has been met with the publication of the Flying Maverick, a two or three-page newsletter published irregularly. The Flying Maverick is edited by the field consultant under the guise of "Oscar, the Maverick." Various staff members contribute ideas. In the summer of 1969, additional quarters in the basement of the Supreme Court and State Library Building were acquired. These quarters are used for offices, workrooms, and stack areas. Library Services Act funds were used to purchase two desks, one correspondence file, a verifax copier, a typewriter and stand, a three-shelf book truck, a formica-topped worktable and three large stand-up fans which make the basement area more livable. Plans for the future include the following : Employing additional professional staff at the State Library to expand the extension program ; formulating stand- ards for Wyoming Libraries, including certification of peisonnel ; providing more inservice training workshops ; extending county library service to a point where regional cooperation may be considered; and finally, implementing the county library law revisions passed by the 1961 State legislature. Wyoming State Plan I. GENIULAL AIMS AND POLIO= A. The overall objective is to develop a statewide plan to strengthen the service now in existence, particularly the improvement of book resources. 152 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT B. Improve and expand the extension services of the State library including the provision of consultant services, inservice training activities, lnd with emphasis on improved book resources. II. METHODS OP ADMINISTRATION A. Strengthen and expand the extension services of the State library by employing a professional librarian who will conduct workshops in library methods and procedures ; provide advisory service on individual library problems; and assist librarians and trustees to expand and improve library services. B. Expand and improve the book collections of loCal libraries serving rural areas to meet the needs and interests or individual communities. 1. Conduct workshops in book selection and weeding. 2. Conduct workshops in selection and use of reference material& S. Work toward an awareness of American Library Association standards for public library service. III. PROGRAM FOR JtTLY 1,1959 To JUNZ 80,1960 A. Strengthening the State library by employing a professionally trained public library consultant, and expanding the book collection. .B. Purchase through the State library, basic collections for each of the 17 participating library systenis. The need for basic reference materials will be emphasized for first purchase. When basic reference needs are met, librarians will select books of enduring value which meet commu- nity needs. Books will be centrally purchased and local librarians will be encouraged to use generally recognized book selection guides. Statistical Summary SerV1.468 Counties now receiving library service which were =served prior to program People in these counties to whom service is now available Counties with sane service prior to program now receiving improved or extended service 1R People in these counties to whom this service is available 154, 110 Bookmobiles purchased under program 0 Number 0 Pereonnel added Field librarians 1 Other professional librarians 2 Clerks and drivers 0 Others 0 Total Basic Tables 154 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT Table 1.--Expenditures for extension of rural library services une der the Library Services Act by source of funds and by region and State: Each fiscal year, 1957-61 f Provisional figures, subject to final audit of State report& First year given for each State indicates the year State entered the Li- bmry Services Act program.] Region, State, and year Expenditures by source Total Aggregate United States 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 NORTH ATLANTIC__ 1957 .1958 1959 1960 1961 Connecticut_ OD MID MEP =ID MID 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Delaware 1960 1961 Maine 1958 1959_ .. mr 1960 1961 State Local I Federal I i7!, 775, 1118 $37, 941, 620 5,678,824 8 123,910 15, 290, 028 7, 683, 517 16, 782, 835 8, 199, 274 9 757, 172 8, 820, 571 266.339 10. 114.348 15, 741, 4/3 1,093,610 2 714, 900 3, 199, 155 3, 577, 191 5. 155.797 $17, 2344 830 1, 249, 916 3, 176, 787 3, 365 636 4, 290, 375 5. 154. 116 le 973, 319 134,164 887, 851 2,061,433 2, 326, 373 2 404, 315 3.293.347 0 0 0 115,650 518, 504 $24, 594, 748 1, 304, 998 4, 429, 724 5,217,925 6, 646, 226 6, 997, 875 4, 133, 181 205, 759 653, 467 872, 782 1, 057, 226 1, 343, 946 945.897 037.771 0 308,127 130,859 189,643 197, 979 199,315 228. 101 343, 300 91,694 127,061 132,646 133,541 152.828 128.814 0 0 0 co, 39, 165 62, 582 65, 333 65, 774 75, 273 114, 530 167, 865 175.435 62, 115 66.699 57, 359 57, 171 48, 391 51,565 583, 517 139, 155 147,261 139,813 157.338 257.88! 57, 875 76, 102 58,302 65.610 0 0 0 0 325,178 81, 280 71, 159 81, 511 91, 728 I Only those local funds used for matching purposes under the State plans are included, therefore figures given in the column for local expenditures do not represent total expenditures made by local public libraries for rural service in the 50 participating States, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. Local funds were used for matching by 20 States. Since the total Federal payment may; not have been reported as an expenditure during the same fiscal Year in which it was paid, the amounts In the Federal expenditures column will not necessarily equal tbe payments shown in table 4. BASIC TABLE; 155 Table 1.- Expenditures for extension of rural library services un- der the Library Services Act by source of funds and by region and State: Each fiscal year, 1957 -61-Continued Region, State, and year Maryland 1958 1959 1960 1961 Massaehusetts___. --- 1957 1958 1959% 1980 1961 New Hampshire 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 New Jersey 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 New York 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1958 1959 1960 1961 Rhode Island 1958 1959 1960 1961 4 I a Expenditures by source Total 112 .153 State 11111 44 185,937 219, 611 211, 434 375 071 123, 937 143, 611 145, 434 206 082 Local I Federal 0 0 0 0 372,181 62, 000 76, 000 66,000 168, 989 851; 65 4114, 755 93, 549 183,387 177,549 187,568 208, 597 59, 765 106,214 100, 335 107, 724 122 717 SU, 895 0 0 0 0 0 33, 784 77, 173 77, 214 79, 844 85.880 841, 221 583, tie 97, 285 177, 676 182, 076 195, 114 197 075 57, 697 124, 565 126, 290 135, 711 138.967 0 0 0 0 0 '39 588 53, 111 55, 786 59, 403 58.108 1,113, 841 781. 141 332, 121 111, 372 210, 107 247, 137 254 665 290, 581 77,608 145, 292 176,804 175,866 205.371 0 0 0 0 0 1,138,541 5, 651 141 33,764 , 64, 815 70,333 78, 799 85 210 781, 568, 676 528, 676 1,050,833 950,182 1, 321, 165 1, 129, 683 1, 358 259 1, 146,583 2, 139, 629 1, 896, 518 0 0 0 0 0 40,000 100, 651 191, 482 211, 676 243. 111 2,178,328 944, 7541 511,624 283, 060 400073 539, 908 1,053,287 237, 814 237, 437 238, 479 231 026 0 0 58, 291 461, 333 428,421 88,045 97, 024 120, 440 122 917 223, 450 48,045 51, 122 61, 135 63 148 0 0 0 0 811: 148 45,246 162,636 243, 138 360 928 214,176 40, 000 45, 902 59, 305 59, 769 ' 156 STATIC PLANS UNDER TIM LIBRARY SZBVICIS Acr Table 1.-Expenditures for extension of rural library services nue . der the Library Services Act by source of funds and by region and State: Each fiscal year, 1957-61-Continued Region, State, and year Ispenditures by 11013ree Total State Vermont 1957._ 1958 1959 1960 1961 ----- - - - - -- GREAT LAKES AND PLAINS 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Illinois_ ......... a a 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Indiana 1961 ........ a a a 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Kansas.... a UM ....... 1958 1959 1960 1961 Michigan 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 9189 783 ill, ON Local Federal aft, 774 91,869 207, 057 209, 280 202, 810 207 768 72, 411 1409.448 152, 343 139, 425 144, 381 0 0 0 0 0 15t 81, 798 1,156,445 2, 918, 167 3, 063 907 3, 946 889 3, 997, 890 8, 21, 711 802, 649 1, 716, 356 1, 759, 431 1, 920, 358 2, 011, 917 2, 411, 471 254, 349 552, 610 512, 697 5951 404 546, 411 214,969 409, 927 360, 818 382, 338, 921 424 10 812 22,294 56, 519 302, 254 233, 655= 0 0 0 0 0 19, 458 66, 609 56, 937 63, 385 63, 385 Si 344,143 342, 984 1, 179, 517 1, 247, 957 1, 723, 777 1, 752, 318 754, 781 113,926 48, 8,353 39, 380 142, 683 151, 884 349 207, 490 34, 871 08,695 8, 352 36.879 1, laiit 021 31169351 114, 48 335.313 74, 375 34, 375 184, 436 81, 829 191,888 86, 039 377, 726 104, 348 306 596 88, 760 0 0 0 59, 659 44, 409 40 OM 102, 607 105,849 213,719 173 427- 248, 739 140,367 118,986 130,590 143.567 69, 248 54, 997 60, 960 63, 534 0 0 0 0 284,771 71, 119 63, 9g9 69 630 80.033 2, 414, 239 it 697, 213 237, 196 490, 707 503 185 556, 959 626. 192 226, 459 344, 160 363, 812 351, 475 411,307 717,11 0 10, 737 0 146,547 0 139, 373 0 205, 484 0 214, 885 BASIC TABUS 157 Table 1.--Expenditures for extension of rural library services un- der the Library Services Act by source of funds and by region and State: Each fiscal year, 1957-61---Continued Region, State, and year Expenditure by source Total State Minnesota 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Missouri 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Nebraska 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 North Dakota 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Ohio 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961.......... South Dakota 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Wisconsin 1957 1958 1959 45 1960 1961 887-642 0 - 63 - 12 1,13S, 312 48, 949 264, 572 298, 914 304, 494 319, 393 1,331, 4$5 Ole 173 22,600 134, 007 163, 164 143, 112 147, 190 683, rhe 97,412 245, 213 256 387 383, 568 349.917 63, 690 137,454 125, 722 187, 185 168, 869 Local 0 0 0 0 0 Mt 241 26, 349 130, 565 135, 750 161,382 172 203 0 0 0 0 0 141.675 33,722 107, 759 130,665 196,381 181,048 8141, $40 Ms 183 114,414 76, 442 155,748 186,017 204, 460 193.675 25, 630 61,422 72, 016 62, 155 61.960 22,771 10, 812 22, 294 24, 375 33, 787 23, 196 418, 1113 s;, 000 72, 030 89, 626 108, 518 108. 519 66,851 61,652 129, 474 121,339 167,539 154.549 21, 652 69, 625 56, 177 63, 856 81.462 0 0 13, 707 53, 144 0 274, 1136 40,000 59, 849 51,455 50,539 73 087 3,$38,452 144, 321 407, 819 493,255 640, 270 652, 787 104, 321 234,305 293, 643 375, 470 387, 796 0 0 0 0 0 HZ 917 40,000 173, 514 199, 612 264, 800 264, 991 IN, 853 274, 515 75; 118 119, 792 135,821 133, 970 135, 151 35, 123 58, 338 65, 068 58, 490 b7,'496 0 0 0 0 0 My 337 39, 995 61, 454 70, 753 75, 480 77, 655 1, 4$3,617 SU, OW 331, 7119 571, 788 86,631 227, 431 245, 418 451, 411 455, 726 *830 116,041 117r 980 131, 252 135, 927 0 0 18,437 155,664 157, 698 32, 801 111, 390 109,001 164, 495 162, 101 158 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES Aar Table 1.-Expenditures for extension of rural library services un- der the Library Services Act by source of funds and by region and State: Each fiscal' year, 1957-61-Continued Region, State, and year SOUTHEAST_____ _ _ 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Alabama - 1957 1958....... _ 1959 1960....... 1961 Arkansas MO woo RIO ..... 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Florida 1958_ ...... 1959_...... 1960 1961 Georgia 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Kentucky 1957 1958_ Om es op an alp 1959 1960 1961 Louisiana 1957........ _ 1958_ 1959 1960 1981....... 4110 ------ - - - - -- Expenditures by source Total 1!,!17,146 1, 418, 684 3, 861, 684 4, 352, 709 4, 953, 033 5, 381, 585 State Local 11,131, 833 . 1,004,690 2,365,310 2, 443, 844 2,481,906 2, 836, 083 747, 773 1, 514, 838 70, 538 327, 626 370, 172 368, 290 388, 212 30, 538 206, 018 218, 353 203, 240 174, 113 1, 424, 791 845,517 8, 219 59, 244 149, 797 232, 387 298, 126 Federal I 8, 087, 931) 405, 675 1, 437, 130 1, 759, 068 2, 238, 740 2, 247, 326 0 0 0 0 0 82, 690 293, 471 305, 541 376, 510 366, 579 43, 046 185, 938 186, 709 214,927 214, 937 0 it o 612, 571 40, 000 121,608 151, 819 165, 050 214, 099 575, 234 4 07, 833 118, 832 161, 583 151.642 1, OIL I33 1111, 27 168, 640 264, 235 311, 427 281, 931 3, 214, 55, 049 45, 123 43, 289 51, 818 40, 048 101, 524 131,849 109, 109 I. 17 448.424 73, 543 117, 588 136,289 121.004 379, 304 615, 618 666, 124 756, 215 807, 030 339, 304 466, 459 483,166 532, 687 583, 452 0 0 0 0 0 8011 274 40,000 149, 159 172, 959 223, 578 223, 578 1, 811, =1 it 1% 772 718, 459 63,622 315,096 377, 434 419,462 635, 617 23, 678 170, 978 205, 443 1981269 414, 414 0 0 0 0 0 30 944 144, 118 171, 991 221, 203 221.203 51% ON 31,52! US. 443 103; 470 231,685 176,266 299,179 297.688 55, 251 124, 813 71, 608 124, 561 138, 883 8, 219 19, 196 4, 775 3,944 3, 795 40,000 87, 676 99, 8§3 171,04 158, 010 BASIC TABLES 159 Table 1.--Expenditures for extension of rural library services un- der the Library Services Act by source of funds and by region and State: Each fiscal year, 1957-614-Continued Region, State, 411X1 year Mississippi 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961._ 11 MID DIM ....... North Carolina 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 South Carolina 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Tennessee 1957 1958 1959 1960_ 1961 MIP.... . IM .11M Virginia 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 West Virginia 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 WEST AND SOUTH- WEST 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Expenditures by source Total State Local I 1,111, 531 357, 77, 400 206, 966 228, 576 293, 529 313.060 37, 400 75, 954 77, 720 83,468 82, 720 N,IN 2, 847 WM 1, 954, 733 0 0 0 17,000 39, 000 Federal I 40,000 131, 012 150,856 193,061 191.340 813, 1911 221 638 583, 050 656, 477 704,911 681,r853 1, 74; 517 71,687 139, 695 237, 129 251, 954 376.052 192,531 407, 943 439, 046 440, 343 474, 870 0 0 0 0 0 29, 107 175, 107 217,431 264, 568 206 983 427, ON 194, 822 34, 653 92, 977 97, 837 99,846 101 785. 2,44,51 I 1, 247 131 150, 841 432,531 461,233 499, 449. 500.005 125,367 288, 985 291,519 280, 352 280.908 0 0 43, 498 43, 396 107, 928 454, 397 37, 034 46, 718 95, 794 108,712 166.339 771,528 0 0 0 0 0 25, 474 143, 546 169, 714 219, 097 219,097 763, M 4135 129,945 367, 325 414, 785 395, 681 456.057 89, 945 225, 495 250, 753 184,428 244, 804 748, 348 - 0 0 0 0 0 40, 000 141, 830 164, 032 .211, 253 211, 253 1, 5 694 327.231 74, 403 4,1171 67, 449 179, 981 204, 737 276, 026 277.501 27, 719,1189 32, 977 64, 701 76, 568 76,556 , 76, 429 1,132, A63 0 0 0 36 198 38 294 15 229 3119 34, 472 115, 280 128, 169 163,272 162, 778 5, 548,117 2 010, 185 5, 627, 663 5 864, 534 6, 867 762 7 359; 845 428, 720 1,453,891 1,496,935 1, 812 $41 1, 760 066 1,230,885 3, 095, 249 3, 159,320 3 640 084 4 103.831 3501 580 1, 078, 523 1,208,279 1, 414, 837 1, 495, 948 160 STATE PLANS UNDER TILE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT Table le-Expenditures for extension of rural library services un- der the Library Services Act by source of funds and by region and State: Each fiscal year, 1957--61-Continued Region, State, and year Alaska 1958 1959 1960 1961 Arizona 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 California 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Colorado 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Hawaii 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Idaho 1958 1959 1960 1961 Montana 1957 1958 1959 1960 161 V Expenditures by source Total 1St 981 State Local 60, 606 62, 151 70, 692 74,532 n1113 20, 606 22, 151 24, 035 25, 341 0 0 0 0 Federal I 175, 848 40, 000 40, 000 46, 657 49, 191 179, N4 71, 788 1051 294 116, 908 139, 602 145, 772 in, 388 414 9441 31, 788 46, 780 50, 280 50, 280 50, 260 Nit la, 3711, KS 1, 275, 686 3, 259 838 3, 211 122 3,601,933 4, 022, 084 423 45, 595 128, 767 129,497 138, 509 163 055 711, 371 Wit 113 77, 672 186 979 157, 180 1/0 321 173 277 37, 674 77,785 82 304 82, 2374 85 193 0 0 3, 100 16, 837 23, 027 13, 997, Oil 40, 000 58, 514 63, 528 72, 485 72, 485 767.491 $37 1, 817,115 169, 277 389, 622 898, 554 496, 845 586 639 132,089 343, 820 349, 754 459, 085 532.357 1, 190, 101 2, 974, 646 2, 916, 562 3, 276, 208 3 640, 314 39, 990 156, 425 165, 063 187, 216 218, 715 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 181 39, 998 59, 194 74, 826 88,084 88. '084 VA 832 37, 188 45, 802 48 800 37, 760 54. 282 517,11$3 TIN 111 11,252 103, 424 137, 773 151, 890 164, 546 35,732 88,645 57, 165 78. 127 5, 374 23, 141 20,529 11,208 287,712 62, 318 75, 987 74, 196 75.211 8811, 471 151,153 431.717 89, 506 169, 851 185, 561 220, 315 221 238 8, 782 31, 126 81, 036 45, 445 39, 715 40,784 82, 474 94,010 102, 444 112 085 218, 421, 39, 990 56, 252 60, 515. 72, 426 69.438 BASIC TABLZS 161 Table le-Expenditures for extension of rural library services un- der the Library Services Act by source of funds and by region and State: Each fiscal year, 19 7-61- Continued Region, State, and year Expenditures by nurse Total State Nevada 1958 1959 1960 1961 New Mexico 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Oklahoma 1937 1958 1959 1960 1961 Oregon 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 3 Texas 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Utah 1958 1959 1960 1961_________ Washington.... Oil GM 40 q 1958 1959........ 1960- - -- - - - - - -- 1961 Local I Federal 111, 844 22, 484 x,137 129, 549 170, 689 177, 740 183, 866 11341, 65, 671 104, 782 113, 219 124, 842 17.442 61, 372 69, 873 53, 630 44, 611 208, 221 25, 255 46, 470 63, 528 88, 884 42, 922 54, 346 60, 582 50, 371 25, 671 45, 135 49, 288 51, 800 54;400 817,U 3511, 71,897 165, 108 168, 337 186,346 226.267 31, 900 / 68, 990 70,887 488, 323 97, 067 403, 5111 94, 894 116, 814 326, 696 346, 896 341,895 271.860 83,397 251, 418 263, 558 252, 381 144, 144 SOP, SU 40, 000 59, 647 63, 981 73, 042 73, 042) 0 0 0 0 411, 3118 39,997 96, 118 97, 970 98,028 129, 200 408, SU 0 0 0 0 0 33, 417 76, 178 83, 340 89,514 127, 216 1, silt SO/ 373,45 387,447 71,874 231, 252 377,082 497, 043 484, 264 81, 874 98, 353 981227 73, 512 73, 493 51111 982 413, 44 108, 837 129, 971 111,338 179,836 46, 169 541686 46, 284 106, 410 0 0 76, 037 142, 167 169, 243 0 0 0 0 , 699 40, 000 134, 899 202, 818 281, 364 241, 518 Int, US 62, 668 75, 385 65, 054 73, 426 1. 4111, 680 97S, SIO 7, 5N 48, 36 835, 925 199, 839 7, 500 289, 141 187, 371 480, 926 355, 639 855, 688 230, 401 128, 586 101, 770 125, 287 125, 287 162 STATE FLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY 1ARVICI113 ^ .* ACT Table 1.-Expenditures for extension of-rivral library der the Library Services Act by source of funds an and State: Each fiscal year, 1957-61--Continued services un- a by region Region, State, and year Expenditures by some Total Mate Palatal Wyoming 1960 1961 OUTLYING PASTS. 1968 1959 1960 1961 Guam 1958 1959 1960 1961 Puerto Rico 1958 1959 1960 1961 Virgin Mande 1958 1959 1960 1961 339, 078 96.034 14$, 044 70, ON 34,516 35, 492 1, 154, 113 173, 114 77, 441 18, 371 59, 070 107,614 302, 530 412,797 371.272 86, 527 172,691 201, 151 212, 935 0 0 0 0 113, 491 386960 28, 514 44, 621 . 28, 618 454338 28, 974 .34, 330 27, 390 0 0 0 91, CM 43, 147 48, 482 81,087 129 839 211,646 J58, 337 43.7118 10, 448 16.008 16 364 6 940 899, 437 88, 498 211, 995 316, 784 282, 160 431.847 38, 498 108,946 1$2, 581 141, 842 0 0 0 0 477.57 50,000 103,049 184,203 140.318 1!1.537 137 WI 40,156 45, 914 50, 675 54, 782 19,515 35, 132 39,596 43.703 0 0 0 0 IA, 581 No 20,641 10, 782 11,079 11.079 fr, a 4 Ir BASIC TABUS 163 Table 2.-Expenditures for extension of rural library services un der the Library Services Art by category of expenditure and by region and State: Each fiscal year, 1957-61 [Provisional figures, subject to final audit of State reports. First year given for each State indicates the year State entered the Li- brary Services Act program.] Region, Mate, and year .011111110. Rimendlturee by categories Purchase of Salaries and boob and wages materials AG IRO ATI UNITED STATICS 1957 1958 1950 IWO 1961 NORTII ATLANTIC 1957 1938 1930 ISM 1961 Conneedcut 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Defamers_ 1960 1961 Mane 1958 1959 1960 1961 Maryland 1938 1950 1960 M1 Massachusetts 1957 1958 1939 p 1900 1961 New Hampshlre 1957 1958 1950 1960 1951 119. Ne maken ilk 00.1s 6, 678, 834 IL 341, 462 N. IMO, 038 7, ON, 0119 16, 7834 838 170, 981 19, 757,17! 9,361779 33, 386, .10, 4* 000 68. On &Ilk IN 1, 09% 610 333, 030 A714,000 1, 147,in I, Mk 166 1.1501, 011 $4, 677,191 1, 3* 436 & 14 797 1.741034 Mk 19k 11111 2. 0444634 Mat 074 %MON 6, 354, 271 7, 3344 652 84,1134,7116 8004 753 L 1 1 41, 430 1, 310, 973 1, 351 414 2. 368, 7117 Purchase Of *MP' mut sk so, us X681 1.44 146 1. 074, 143 1, 210, 601 1,170, 993 763, 418 162, 338 131. 187 129, 611.1 148, 461 211849 41111wwwwwwi 31,637 *801 81 218 93. 472 101.410 mow 167.868 04 910 176 435 74 898 US,IN =kW US, US 46, 441 5% 941 34,667 28, 809 68, 315 M boodle- MOUS operating expenses 1119,, 9811, ne 654, 147 1, 854 739 Z331611 a, 903, 821 3,321,704 ammismomminomor 11114 A323 294 MO 184, 7011 , 165 14L197, 351 139,1113 157, 338 Ort, US 219186, 937 , 611 211,434 37% 071 A 0 16 43.276 5% 879 * 487 6% 46 31, 634 II 111 47, 393 swisszsesszgapr toma======= elk US 1 173 88, n3 55, 190 104, 816 * 913 113, 430 62, 435 176 786 108, 637 = = = = = r - - - $ 1 .. . . . = SA 6311 !48,!10 161, Ul 93, 649 . 38, 3n 21,430 184 387 114,170 42,109 177, 549 114 198 36, 905 187, 568 138,869 33, 681 208507 4 132, 251 30, 446 118 97.15 177, 676 182,076 195,114 119, 030 30, 766 197, 073 121, 008 31, 468 U8,185 40, 346 10% 486 118, 413 1 811 11, 706 25, 183 27, 602 =3= 11=1===== ======= U 23, 170 2504 1, 900 74 4, en elk na 50,610 4% 211 411111 3, I* US 95, 472 321,688 480,606 721, 870 826, 717 7711 *619 12, 481 17,661 6,808 97, 348 72. 934 *951 4, 806 43, 652 44, SU 24, 492 7, 333 4, 236 5, 264 2, 709 44,476 30, 290 10, 595 1, 438 784 3, 369 =1==x= . *641 47, 217 78, 134 77, 300 53, 664 1=== U 8911 21, MD 21,760 ll1 97i g======== 26, 243 33, 414 25, 382 344936 11===== 121 fle9 19, 590 A 931 30, 763 *096 93.418 9,305 19, 773 21, 210 19,957 23, 171 ilimINft!=1...... 14, 043 32,412 34, 531 44, 534 41, 230 =1==s= 10 16:4 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES Aar Table 2.-tenditures for extension of rural library services un- der the rary Services Act by category of expenditure and by region and State: Each fiscal year, 1957-61---Continued Region, State, and 'year New Jersey 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 New York 1957 1958 c 1959 1960 1961 a Pennsylvania 1958 1959 1960 1961 Rhode Island 1958 1969 1960 1961 Vermont 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 GltiAT LAKES AND PLAINS_ 1957 1958 1959__._4 1960 1961 Illksols 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Ihdiana 1961 Iowa 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961, Expenditures by categories Total 112, 863 111,372 210,107 247,137 254, 665 290.581 S. 438, in 568, 676 1, 050, 833 1, 321,165 1, 358, 250 2, 139, 629 1278, 338 283, 060 400, 073 539, 908 1, 053, 287 438, 43. . 88, 045 97, 024 120, 440 122, 917 918.783 91, 880 207, 057 209, 280 202, 810 207, 766 15, NI, 798 1; 156, 445 2, 918, 167 3, 063, 907 3, 946, 389 3, 997, 890 2, 4$1, 471 254, 349 552, 610 512, 697 595, 404 546, 411 113,121 113, 926 1, 131,,,11 74, 375 184, 436 191, 888 377, 726 306, 596 Salaries and wages 588, 811 45, 218 110, 313 131, 104 144, 244 157, 941 1, 373, 631 132, 364 278, 866 314,648 323, 296 324, 457 879, 727 179, 532 176, 796 141,443 381,956 , 159, 157 21, 153 38, 484 43, 875 52, 655 548, 64 47, 153 122, 973 126, 453 116, 931 134, 554 7, 63S, 385 508, 186 1, 439, 966 1, 660, 041 1, 915, 851 2,114,336 0 .11110. 4111==1, I, 413, 630 103, 447 337, 344 313, 489 336, 124 313, 226 N,111 60,610 ommik =MENEM... 40,411 31,400 80, 315 85, 654 130, 350 135, 747 Purchase of books and materials 235,111 20, 247 43, 762 56, 938 54, 607 60,058 4,511,611 394, 997 693, 247 855, 322 894, 696 1, 663, 429 471,2$l 64, 441 111, 062 65, 126 235, 652 2411, 846 44, 777 47, 193 60, 636 53, 240 111,231 5,932 44, 505 41,803 59, 019 39, 980 3.163, 3311 274% 650 724, 115 663, 645 1, 061, 877 939, 052 483, 38 47, 719 106, 516 112, 172 134, 799 83, 552 42, 998 42, 998 419,181 30, 071 66.384 50, 496 174, 091 98, 644 Purchase of equip- ment SS, 234 27, 437 12, 737 7, 000 3,567 11, 493 12, 111 30, 700 7, 814 8,281 30, 864 16, 256 114,118 7, 338 51, 683 31, 67b 73, 389 17, MS 15, 310 1, 260 216 773 12, $31 26, 266 15,881 15, 366 3,030 2, 397 1,111,991 181,062 429, 279 312, 740 3741.155 273, 755 - 199, 78$ 14, 914 55, 979 25, 154 51, 014 51, 725 2,793 t 2, 703 air 712 5, 262 22, 921 19, 801 10, 448 8, 280 irr Miscella- neous operating expenses 317,191 18, 470 43, 295 52,095 52, 247 61,089 41$, 323 10, 615 70, 906 142, 914 109, 403 135, 487 731, 232 31,749 60, 532 301, 661 362, 310 48, S34 6, 805 10, 087 0 15, 713 16,249 111, 541 12, 518 23, 698 25, 668 23,830 30, 835 ..11NOMM 211, OS8 192,51; 324.807 427, 481 594, 506 670.747 37,127 88, 269 52, 771 61,582 73, 467 97.908 7,115 7, 615 18x,157 7,642 14, 816 35, 937 62, 837 63, 925 a BASIC TABLES . 4 165 Table 2.-Expenditures for extension of rural library services un- der the Library Services Act by category of expenditure and by region and State: Each fiscal year, 1957-61-Continued Region, State, and year Kansas 1958 1959 1960 1961 Michigan 1957 1958 1989 1960 1961 Minnesota 1957 1968 1959 1960 1961 Missouri 1957 1958 19541_ 1900 1961 Nebraska 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 North Dakota 1957 ,,,.. 1958 1959 1960 1961 Ohio .1957 1958 1059 1960 1961 South Dakota 1957 1%68 1959 1960 1961.. Wisconsin 1957 1958 1980 1960 1961 Expenditures by"categories Total 132,511 140, 367 118,986 130, 590 143, 567 2, 414, 231 237,196 490, 707 503,185 556, 959 626,19'2 1, U., M 48, 949 264, 572 298, 914 304, 494 319, 393 1, 97,412 245,213 256, 387 349, 917 811, 146 76, 442 156, 746 186, 017 204, 460 193, 675 134, U3 61, 652 129, 474 121, 339 167, 539 154, 549 3, Mk 462 144, 321 407, 819 493, 255 640, 270 652 787 MI 852 75, 118 119, 792 135, 821 133, 970 135, 151 1, 4N9 117 86, 631 2X, 431 245,418 451, 411 456, 726 Salaries and wages 174,474 34, 841 44, 204 45,6d0 49, 766 1, 411, 146, 960 259, 155 323, 563 321, 419 351, 169 515,719 17, 394 1409Z, 1974 40 130, 249 134, 962 1.29 181 c 26, 732 115, 197 131, 371 145,001 174, 364 4409 771 28, 281 81, 949 97, 555 114, 887 124, 104 813,273 15,600 61, 1 71,488 87, 220 76, 777 1,181, 785 75, 341 200,188 246, 599 301, 815 357, 837 117 18, 883 55, 088 70, 520 66, 957 72, 119 M29 134 44; 148 121, 761 135, 424 237, 169 263, 632 Purchase of books and materials Purchase M iseella- of equip- neoUs went operating expenses 2169 215 38, 733 53, 326 58, 488 65, 668 4919 SU 56, 720 Ai 129,172- 103,842 90, 635 111, 266 137, 514 &060 81, 006 76, 422 /16, 976 88, 460 317, 741 28, 704 85, 790 22, 699 98, 018 82, 534 2459 US 28,748 33, 323 47, 590 56, 482 39, 163 749 118 54,164 3, 994 8, 666 7, 494 122,171 6,164 48,152 13,291 21,276 34, 093 1919 5413 18, 558 59, 220 42, 495 40, 343 30, 267, 4U 20, 676 IL 060 66,108 105, 728 56, 893 589 45/ 15, 604 20,178 13, 848 5, 238 3,687 144,431 13,500 26, 973 25, 557 37, 835 40, 571 58% 734 33.770 89, 786 113,242 188, 289 156, 649 114,133 11, 053 28, 448 17, 734 26, 824 30, 474 3469047 19,305 37, 984 40, 265 109, 440 99, 073 Us IN 28, 500 26, 297 4,249 15, 975 18, 539 01.1111, =1 1039 349 21,481 83, 970 77,172 75, 104 45, 620 829 887 39, 730 9, 121 18, 486 11,568 3,982 108,277 10, 173 31, 217 28,142 2793 9, 952 sg, in 12,629 17, 462 17, 776 20, 636 In SU 27, 352 54, 228 62, 489 123, 629 129, 664 111,171 7, 937 31, 406 39, 823 46, 926 65, OH 1549 ON 21, 300 96,166 an 34, 819 36,106 105,813 3, 809 20, 296 27,024 27, 863 26,821 8a. 264 4, 052 15,016 20, 045 26 509 18,662 271,187 13, 729 343, 875 56, 242 75, 000 92,681 5,452 27,135 29, 081 29, 621 28, 576 13, 905 r 36, 469 41, 587 76, 009 83, 009 166 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT Table 2.--Expenditures for extension of rural library services mi. der the Library Services Act by category of expenditure and by region and State: Each fiscal year, 1957-61--Continued Region, State, and year SOUTHEAST 1967 1968 1959 1(160 1961 \ Alabama 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Arkansas 1967 1958 1969 1960 1961 Florida 1968 1969 1900 1961 Georgia 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Kentucky 1967 1958 1959 1960 1961 Louisiana 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1967 1958 1969 1960 1961 North Carolina 17 196958 1460 1061 1 Expenditures by categories Total Salaries and wiles Purchase of books and materials Purchase of equip- ment Miscella- neous operating elPenses Os 607, US 1, 417, 13 0, SO8, Pi k Ns, 77 2,411, Oil 1, 418, 584 290,384 832,867 151,689 143,794 3, 861, 684 1, 152, frn 1, 8'17,133 464, 968 416, ea 4, 362, 709 1, 490, 492 2, 083, 278 283, 677 495, 262 4,963, 033 1, OK 325 2, 278,617 362,987 613, 104 5, 381, 536 1, 804, 845 2, 486, 599 342, 806 747, 285 1, 6U, 838 4411, 620 7011. 870 161,844 116, On 70, 538 13, 989 24, 954 V, 222 4, 373 327, 626 86, 039 151, 023 70, 663 19, 901 370,172 125, 641 167, 059 37, 956 39, 617 368, 290 118,191 183, 764 311, 524 27, 811 388, 212 117, MO 179, 079 17, 480 74, 393 1,424, 721 716,en Mtas 111, 966 122,=11 82, MO 16, 787 14, 5 19, 960 31, 363 2,471 141,272 77, 938 37,294 86,ik .306,641 167, 560 83, 178 15, 878 389971 376, 610 x,147 111, 526 19,150 42, 687 366, 679 191, 836 112, 004,, 19, 682 42, 457 1, 6241, US US, 1180 IA 661 166, NI 165, IN 168, 640 64, 866 36,184 37, 106 27, 494 ' 264, 235 133, 299 63, 429 27, 507 40, 000 311, 427 164,147 69, 832 29, 041 48, 407 f81,931 147, 278 73, 066 12, 296 49, 302 ........ I, ilk 2111 0 3, Ilk 261 6 379, 304 0 379, 304 0 0 615, 618 0 615, 618 0 0 656,124 0 656, 124 0 766, 215 0 766, 216 0 0 807, 030 0 807, 030 0 0 1, 811, 231 - 011, 920 724,10 10I, 7U 377, 667 63, 622 2, 870 58, 093 1, 999 660 ,316, 096 100, 892 125, 026 13, 947 75, 231 377, 434 147, 757 144, 665 fey 280 79, 742 419, 462 158, 782 164, 054 10, 296 88, 330 636,617 I 186, 619 242, 281 71, 273 135, 444 1,108, M8 24x,187 M. 124 174, as 314, ne 103, 470 14, 006 41,006 24,113 24, 345 211, 685 47, 797 71, 809 62, 436 49, 643 176, 266 35, 736 68, 280 17, 138 55, 112 299, 579 64, 671 108, 131 28, 749 98, 028 297, 638 83, 977 83, 998 42, 062 87, 601 k Iles 6111 439 112 218,,1i ifs, on no, m ....,....______ 77, 400 V, 637 16,040 10, 229 23, 494 206, 966 72, 415 60,151 50,164 34,246 228, 576 87,832 73,278 25,498 41, 966 293, 529 110, Om 89, 205 44, 02 49, 378 313, 060 137, 814 80, 241 33,008 61, 907 2, 867, 929 1, 211, 861 1, 114, OS7 fit 686 170,1136 221, 638 91, 941 107, 204 '8,198 14, 296 583, 050 345, 776 254, 431 46, 965 36, 873 656, 477 288, 661 287, 442 39, 677 40, 607 704, 911 289, 828 266, 879 83, 900 84, 714 M1, 853 206, 647 260, 601 31, 266 IA 350 BASIC TABLES. 167 Table 2.---Expenditures for extension of rural library sekces un- der the Library Services Act by category ofoexpenditure and by region and State: Each fiscal year, 1957-.61-Continued Region, State, and year ExpenditoreS by estellories Total south Carolina 1957 19N 1919 1960 1961 Tennessee 1957 1958 1959 1900 1961 VIrghda 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 West Virginia 1957 1958 1959 1900 1961 WEST AND SOUTHWICIIT 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 Alaska 1958 1969 1900 1961 Arizona 1957 1918 1959 1960 1961 California 1957 1968 1969 1900 1961 Co farad° 1967 1918 1969 1900 1961 1,171,, 1117 71, 687 139,696 237, la 251, 954 376, 052 2, 144, 150, 841 432, 531 461, 233 499, 449 BOO, 005 1,713, 713 129, 946 367, 326 414,785 395, 681 456, 067 1, 111, ON 67, 449 179, 981 4,737 276, 026 277, 501 Salaries and waget 4U, 271 11, 639 52, 819 104, 141 129, 549 167,123 113, 183 57, 083 191, 545 212, 818 217, 873 233, 964 SU, 721 42, 460 105, 320 116,253 142, 393 139, 303 311, N7 Purchase of books and materials 47i, 811 42,179 72, 290 95, 936 99, 753 165, 661 11, 972 44, 247 70, 894 98, 830 114, 024 27, 721, ON 2, 010, 186 8, 627, 663 5, 864, 534 6, 867, 762 7, 369, 845 11'1,181 60, 606 62, 151 70,692 74, 532 11711, SU 71, 788 dJ05, 294 116, 908 139,602 146, 772 15, 3711113 1, 275, 686 3, 259, 838 3, 211,122 3, 601, 933 4, 022, 084 711, 371 77 67'2 136, , 979 167,130 170,321 173, 277 11, 8N, 234 1, 107, 862 3, 259, 072 3, 624, 249 4, 250,177 4, Mt 874 151, ill 47, 335 110, 736 125, 191 133, 181 140, 168 Purchase of equip- ment Miscella- neous operating expenses 4,144 13, 935 1, 576 21, 992 3, 715 &026 IS, 183 3, 934 13, 010 16,060 18,937 45, 242 112, 721 24, 450 54,146 36, 982 58,064 39, 090 57, 999 177, 803 232, 266 2/37, 037 248, 691 411,147 44, 173 81, 124 86,441 109,540 94, s, 831 436, 364 1, 185, 187 1, 151, 661 1, 4 39, 242 4, 437, 481 78,189 71, 16, 446 31, 655 22, 866 k 21, 757 18, 592 3, 261 20, 682 19, 529 1!8, 134 241, 1/I 5, 870 4 38,108 43, 066 42, 773 50, 663 50, 778 61, 851 57, 731 67,195 51, 885 111, 101, 821 850 460 2,103, aeo 2.088, 7/8 2, 431, 670 2,686,850 1, 541, ON 209, 732 510, 508 663, 063 610, 483 662, 264 437,118 18,059 81, 636 .101, 837 111, 691 124, 146 137,137 182,147 21,433 N, 962 38, 672 23, 496 39, 084 lel, 218 0 30, 719 17, 098 2., 940 29,461 1, 511, 111 343, 625 407, 058 324, 985 304, 783 316, 461 41,171 4, 417 6, 907 10, 086 20,161 n, 171 20, 946 2, 833 2043 4, 119 2730 111,114 51, 129 169, 870 179,177 134,548 117, 270 IS, 171 3, 726 9, 145 12, 506 17, 588 1, 015 311,443 21,973 76,104 86, 242 90, 341 86, 783 111,712 8,053 24, 240 77, 595 22, 765 29, 079 148, 111 11, 304 23, 891 30, 304 43, 716 39,777 kat Ne 222, 334 776, 346 . 763, 739 873, NO 997, 029 121 8, 088 10,621 38,753 14, 160 71, 784 6, 864 16,62,3 13,434 15,901 23,982 1, 111, 813 164, 365 475, 900 390, 614 425, 232 555, 692 77,11 5853 11, 308 22, 740 18,778 18, 416 VIZ IC 96116E1 016 '11 Ott 69Z 61// 100'61 VilL 69E 099 '6Z EN. 60Z t1 1 '1 tat 161I 0 011 019'1 668'1Z 011'9E 019'!9 ELL 'OE 188'11 018 'Et K0'1, E0t '91 la ILc'8Z VZZ 'LZ 119 61E 690 '91 ZO9 us 'ss 89Z '91 af2 tit 'EL LO8 ' IZ 008'1 es 'Ls 00CCE " 618 '9Z OCE 'LE Sic 'OZ 1'/1 'to 91/491 LEE IC filLI 'CZ Z90 '8Z ESE et WI It 099'I 119 6£ 909 098 vSZ 8/C '9Z WA '19 ZEE 19 116 '61 E90 Z61 'OS IZB'L$I 9E1 '801 COZ 'LZ1 WO 6E9 Eli 60£ 9E8 IX 918'19 L60 IL LOZ '89 119 998 40Z at sus 28Z 61E In 602 169 al '01 L69 68Z 999'41 1EL 'CZ 611 101 'LE OD 'ZS Lulu 81811 699 L 1.02 '01 CC 'II III 'IC Ott et/ 9E1 'Zi 190 621 £L9'6 '1 29£ 'Et Su dot 116 '9£ OLZ 'IC SU 'RE 916 '8Z CE9 '9 ess WL '1Z LZ2 ' 9Z0 '9LE Z 99£'81 tu Ism 089'94 199 619 169 '91 296'11 COI 'CI easuadxe artruado snoau 111w MEW LE9 '11 91E 'EZ 180 Et2 01 60Z ,`1£ 168 `!9 99/ 66 198'61 201'6 EZ/ 811'9! £9/ '01 8/9 'II 909'9 8/9 '2, C96 '91 1019 1110C11 -dinbe jo traltld 19: A 1Z6 'ET 940 '61 191 'H EL9 919 'OE Z16 699 911'81 In 'Et £11 '01 En 'ET 810'09 09Z tt 611 69E ono 11£ ut 'us on 1st 1;1111291m Puy 161100C1 Jo 96Vtiallid. 1E8'99 901'91 610 'Et 9/1 us isu LIP '112 81/1'802 `t 1Z 10E 6191 122 `OE WIS '110 41 191 '9L1 £12 'CU CIE '9ZZ ILI 6181 191 911'1!9 191 '011 08/ 6Z/ 199 47,1 688 'L9 `E In 6- 89E '28 En IL 108'£9 6/0 61E 996 sst 810 'WI 996 686 EU '801 960 V us 'L# 20/, 'Z11 922'/11 EV; '66 6/6 668 I1169E SU em 811 'LL 611 't9 £99 '69 21E 'OE tit VS 011 '01E £61 421E 969 680L 9E9 '£9Z 211 '801 4 9011LS 41 691:11 '611 neITI 116 'fILI L28'901 AN. HZ I% E10 6/61 ZOO 622£ Z9Z 'ICE 4 1/9 'IL teem 09E ILZ 448'11£ 968'912 969 liZE 119 '911 Ist 1st 'WZ 91E''991 In '891 901 '991 /.68'IL in %is LZI EN 'MI 61Z 'Ell Zil/ 1/9 '99 H. 'm 998 'NI Oil 61/I 689'0L1 619 66ZI 119 I KZ 61ZZ 21E vsz 199 6291 14$'691 902 '68 919'191 068'121 ELL 'LET ta tot m' /!9 `992 918 VP 199 6862 6688 LIZ '691 /116tH `s i-.. 1961 0061 0261 8961 11.1111 1961 0961 6961 9961 /961 gun 1961 0061 6961 9261 a. ./.961 swamp 1961 0061 6261 9961 L961 inuotrimo 1961 0961 6961 9961 1961 1961 0961 6961 9961 truaN 1961 0961 6961 9961 1961 VIIV1UON 1951 0961 6961 9961 olltP1 1961 0061 6961 9961 L961 IIsrog Ba2SM PUB n119198 wapollario Lq sfannipuedxg neat pus aling 'wpm panuisuorj--19Ls6I kurai wog gava :awls pust nowt IN pus q.snilpuedra jo Liolaiwa Aq pv f/MAJCOS Sawmill asp Jai) un saowas Lump,' loam jo uoisuayra so; eamiipradr3 1 adDV 9 allA/129 WELL mama 9Nrld Z,LVIS 89T BASIC TABLES 169 Table 2.--ExpendittyPes for extension of rural library services un- der the Library Services Act by category of expenditure and by region and State: Each fiscal year, 1957-61----Continued Region, State, and year ^I Washington 1958 1959 1960 1961 Wyoming N 1900 1961 OUTLYING PASTS 1958 1959 1900 1961 Guam_ 1968 1969 A. 1900 1961 Puerto Moo 1958 1950 1900 1961 Virgin Isbpds 1968 1969 1900 1961 Expenditures by categories Total Salaries and wages t Purchase of 4 books and materials Purchase of equip- went M iscelia- neous operating expenses 1, 411, IN 721, IN 4311, Wi 02, $98 218, 147 335, 925 96, 292 167, 893 46,168 26, 572 289, 141 157,472 87,146 2,698 41, 826 480, 926 240, 762 145, 282 9, 520 85, 362 355, 688 232, 042 55, 7r7 to 3,982 64, 387 SU, 978 193,410 le, 441 it, us Nom ge, ou 38,416 42, 268 4, 908 10,442 143, 044 65, 043 54, 172 8,041 15, 788 _ L na, us Ail, 918 16/ 91,1N 246, 123 167, 614 54, 429 73, 209 22,684 17, 292 302, 530 127,188 102, 642 23, 077 49, 623 412, 797 168, 990 . 124, 101 20, 226 99, 481 371, 272 t , 163,011 103,213 26, 122 79,926 111S, 349 in, m is, NB LS, 994 11, 385 38, NO 21, 398 10, 522 2, 516 4, 524 44, 621 V, en 8, 649 6, 275 2, 162 45, 338 29, 814 8, 316 4, 906 2,242 34, 330 23, 955 8, 581 (663) 2, 457 869, 437 318,,456 312,610 62, WS 118,,613 88, 498 21, 628 48, 516 7, 596 10, 758 211, 996 71, 978 84, 536 12, 898 42, 584 316, 784 112, 639 106, 629 12,145 85, 371 212,160 112,213 79,840 20,307 9,800 191, 117 9'A, 418 47, 677 16, ON 24, 424 45,156 11, 403 14,171 12, 572 2, 010 45,914 A 27,675 if, 458 3,904 4,877 50,675 26,537 9,156 3,114 11, 868 54, 782 26, 843 14, 792 5, 478 70 669 r I a P-4 Table 3.---Federal allounents guild matching funds under the Library Services Act by region and State: Each c) 4 o fiscal year, 1957-41 Region add State 1 O Total tor fiscal years 1967-81 Federal allotments 2 Matching funds 3 Aggregate United States OS, Ni, ON NORTH ATLANTIC 0, NO, 4111I SU, 575 4IS6 Conn ietlatt 344, 833 Ddowars' 237, 822 Mains 340, 451 Maryland 431, 182 Mammobusetts_ Mr 400 Nsw Hampshire 273, 185 New JIIIMOY 40e, 372 New York_ 8N, 151 hode Pennsylvania_ 1,183, 968 R Island 239, 640 Vermont 276, 345 GILIAT LAPIN -FWD PLAINS. Indiana- Iowa.. Kansas Michigan.. Pennssota. Missouri Ne braska_ Meth Dakota Ohio..__. Wis South Dakota consin a. 7, SU, in 820, 875 578,m 635, 509 489, 971 802, 298 637, 604 683, 862 423, ON 346, 998 965, 451 340, 925 659,1138 700, 115 482, 860 242, 949 506, 080 557, 298 230, 181 306 1, 452, 015 1, 208,1x0 MO 758 192, , 469 7,617,21 1,180, 221 687, 789 476, 151 b18,185 1, 006, 740 f09, 240 646, 056 125, 167 191, 118 1, 215, 981 18% 032 611, 536 1967 Federai allotments 4 Matching funds .5 Si, ON, ON 440, NO 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40.000 40, 000 40, 000 ..40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 MP, ON 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40. 000 40.000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 $1,tN, $16 518 SU 81,212 81, 212 28,481 48, 554 50, 273 33, 543 66, 896 62, 119 43, 091 45,251 27, 579 4611, 667 62, 828 43,195 31, 865 34,115 55, 034 34, 308 37, 596 31, 544 21, 652 50, 724 22, 725 37, 882 1958 Federal allotments and re- allotments 6 $6, ON, NO 3 65, 812 46, 261 63, 250 78, 267 78, 487 53, 112 74,163 164, 366 202, 887 46, 562 a 638 228, 878 142, 780 112, 109 88, 002 146,547 117, 448 120, 099 77, 030 66, 337 177, 140 65, 248 . 116, 138 Mate..12ing funds 7 1969 Federal allotments 8 $k 718, IN $6, ON, Nil 1,117, 682 1, 971, 7,9 133, 618 71, 643 93, 924 48, 391 45, 036 71,159 ./A 95.005 91, 283 96,645 91, 677 44, 638 55, 971 124, 028 85, 783 255, 255 191, 482 218, 566 268, 289 52,675 48, 794 36, 293 56, 937 1, mg 111 .1,1161, $69 132, 821 177, 739 89, 309 151, 229 ' 7S, 065 136, 636 190, 346 104, 329 201, 628 171, 799 100, 735 135, 750 118, 877 147, 343 60, 746 89, 626 35, 909 72 079 224, 629 207, 041 37, 070 70, 753 109, 987 i 142 0036 1961 (Figures for 1960 and 1961 are identical) Matching Federal funds allotments 9 $1, 470. 10 Matching funds 1 11 $7, IN, NO N, 738, 71$ 1, NO, 743 1, 811, $13 338 145, 457 83, 689 169, 914 98, 248 51,1585 104, 733 50, 668 83, 021 59, 382 110, 805 110, 806 125, 858 115, 096 111, 213 146, 642 46, 936 62, 051 52, 582 143, 461 103, 213 166, 991 297, 367 249, 152 418, 637 278, 248 341, 396 364, 113 65,200 52, 142 83,816 39, 267 63, 386 44, 670 1, 678, 547 2, 8111, 177 I, 061 279,174 230,178 352, 699 163, 307 .193, 574 196, 989 108, 847 173, 427 130. 192 88, 980 128, 820 102, 372 234 372 221,976 271, 853 11& 433 172, 203 143, 882 138. :v 108, 519 188, 210 187519, 661001 39 17 84, 291 47, 270 270,82, 462636 339, 041 44, 620 134, 514 180, 882 164, 576 0.3 Federal percentage vr, share 4 12 33. 00 30 82 43. 13 64. 13 38. 34 37.31 48.3 49. 21 58. 66 39.49 49.89 57. 12 65.72 44.96 54.48 61.74 57.23 64.07 44.39 64.94 52.36 1 2 SOUTHEAST 8, 174, 111 Alabama 756,165 *riming 613, 347 Florida 504, 385 Georgia 809, 274 Kgntucky 801, 391 Louisiana 591, 660 Mississijopi t 707, 990 . North Carolina 1, 070, 645 . South Carolina 632, 799 Tennessee 794, 402 Virginia 768, 368 West-Virginia_ 623, 735 REST AND immix WEST 40. Alaska Arizona California_ Colorado Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexioo Oklahoma Oregon 4. Texas Utah Washington Wyoming OUTLYING PASTS Guam Puerto Rieo * Virgin Islands 6, MONA 230, 006 307, 012 861, 526 359, 586 250, 072 306, 850 307, 622 221, 765 309, 662 547, 767 426.895 1, 113, 439 275, 986 483, 058 198, 709 720, 873 57, 940 618,352 53, 581 3 " _....._i___ 4 5 6 7 US 480, ON 1170, 545 1, US, 1113 .6 U4, US 389, 539 40, 000 20; 006 3 139, 644 i1, 938 315, 966 40, 000 20, 606 1 114, 056 58, 756 424, 768 40, 000 31, 788 90, 388 90, 388 445, 365 40, 000. 21, 652 a 149, 159 80, 741 412, 838 40, 000 20, 606 3 147, 746 76,112 361, 826 40, 000 22, 804 3 110, 170 78, 525 364, 723 40, 000 20, 606 $ 131, 012 67; 491 551, 543 40, 000 20, Mt a 195, 986 100, 962 325, 986 40, 000 20, 606 3 117, 541 60, 551 - 411, 742 40, 000 20, 615 8 146, 494 75, 500 M7, 365 40, 000 28, 540 a 141, 830 . 101, 196 351, 761 40, 000 21, 520 3 115, 917 62, 362 6, le, U3 OK NO 181, 518 1, Iii, me 1, lit II4i 118, 488 40, 000 20, 606 44, 967 23,165 237, 003 40, 000 31, 788 158, 514 46, 500 1, 405, 998 ' 40, 000 63, 654 a 158, 520 252 260 333.629 40, 0004 36, 923 8 68, 502 63, 316 250, 072 - 40, 000 40, 000 1 48, 971 48, 971 209, 784 40, 000 27, 363 57, . .: 463 293, 724 40, 000 39, 428 I 59, / .39, 58, 434 4001 983 40, 000 79,190 43, 603 86, 323 202, 409 40, 000 25,671 3 59,647 38, 279 373, 360 40, 000 77, 579 97, 570 67, 272 416,081 4% 000 40,048 -180,651 80,748' 871, 416 40, 000 31, 225 191, 212 149, 265 200, 126 40, 1 I 29,469 52, 579 38, 736 560, 706 40,111 48, 496 8 90, 714 109, 981 244, 864 40 000 40 128 47, 832 376, Oil ifi, IN 26, 758 132, 815 48, 444 29, 848 12, 970 6, 682 318, 545 40, 000 * 606 109, 25410 ' 58, 282 27, 602 10, 000 6,152 1 10, 641 5, 482 1 Federal funds available to each State and outlying part Under appropriations for Fiscal Years 1957, 1958, 1950,1960, and 1961. I. Minimum expenditures required to match the full Federal allotment in column 2. s The Appropriation Act for Fiscal 1958 provided that if cotate certified that it would not use the amount of its allotment, then this amount ld be proportionally reallotted to the other States. The amount of $170,677 allotted to Indiana and Wyoming was distributed on this basis to 28 States and Territories. The matching C . 8 1 - 9 10 11 12 1, 8U, 384 1, OK 251 I, nun 1, gm 017 161, 369 83,129 707, 576 106, 933 66. OQ 130, 203 67, 074 164, 544 84, 765 66 00 107,677 172, 959 85, 450 93,634 133, 235 223, 578 108, 571 134,674 U. 171, 239 88, 214 721, 203 113, 953 66. 125, 479 71, 531 158, 010 94, 483 61 U 150, 856 77, 714 193, 061 99, 456 ft 00 229, 997 118, 483 302, 331 155, 746 66.00 134, 448 09, 261 - 170, 405 87, 784 66.00 169, 714 87, 467 219, 097 114, 080 ' 65.76 164, 032 117, 037 211, 253 '150, 296 58.43 132, 470 71, 267 -it 167,674 - r 98, 306 63.04 1, 314, 475 1, SU, US 1, WS, 485 1,144, 457 46, 657 24, 035 49, 191 25, 341 66.00 63, 528 50, 485 72, 485 54, 415 57.12 184, 362 293, 384 239, 322 398, 3450 37. 52 . 74, 826 69, 070 88, OM 82, 160 51. 74 50, 927 50, 977 55, 087 55, 087 50.00 63, 704 43, 578 72, 729 49, NO 59.41 63, 486 62, 578 72, 427 66, 642 55.08 44, 828 88, 748 48, 667 73, 361 38.88 63, 931 41, 029 71, 042- 48, 715 59.99 117,151 80,-773 146, 523 c, 98, 868 .'t 59.71 89,514 89,621 108,365 102,832 51.x1 24Z 643 189, 414 319, 792 250, 756 56.05 -.' 56, 857 41, 887 63, 275 45, 017 58.43 101, 770 1,385 125, 297 139, 4= 47.33 50, 291 50, 452 54.209 . a 221 60. 46 a 117, 17S 4 81,173 114,718 144, NO 13,980 7,202 ltg 495 7, 982. 66.00 132, 810 68, 417 168, 144 86,620 66.00 10, 782 59'554 11, 079 5, 707 66.00 . expenditures shown tor- these States include those additional expenditures from State and local sources necessary to qualify for the reallocatedSand.. 4 This Federal percentage applies to Fiscal Years 1960 and 1961 only. In accordance with the Library Services Act, the Federta percentiige for any State is 100 percent less the State percentage and the Federal share shall in no case be more than 66 percent or less than 33 percent. , The Federal percentages for Fiscal Years 1967, 1958, and 1959 may be found in Male Plane Under the Library Services Act: Supplement 2 (0E- 15012) ,"p. 118-119. 172 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT Table 4.-Federal payments under the Library Services Act to par- ticipating States by region and State: Each fiscal year, 1957,41 (__= State had-not yet. entered program) year AGGREGATE UNITED STATES NORTH ATLANTIC Connecticut Delaware Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jerry New York Pennsylvania__ Rhode Island Vermont GREAT AINS LAKES AND PL Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Michigan Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota Ohio South Dakota Wisocnsin SOUTHEAST Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia. Kentucky Louisiana_ Mississippi North Carolina Smith Carolina Tennessee Virginia West Virginia WEWESSTT AND SOUTH- Alaska Arizona California Colorado Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada 0 New Mexico Oklahoma Oregon Texas Utah Washington Wyoming OUTLYING !AS'K'S. _ Guam Puerto Rico Virg Islands 1957 I '1958 $31, SG1, 134 11, 40, ON 4, 438, 316, 787 106, 981 318,482 406, 993 363, 385 273, 185 400, 738 894, 151 876, 011 204, 976 276, 345 11, 447, NI 820, 875 60,341 635, 599 288 664 795, 207 e31, 289 678, 770 423, 694 346, 998 965, 451 340, 925 659, 792 8,188, 712 756, 165 -613, 347 504 385 807, 544 801, 391 591, 660 706, 269 1, 070, 645 550, 811 794, 402 768, 368 623, 735 141, 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40.000 OG, 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 5, as 7s 175, 848 307, 012 861, 526 359, 586 250, 072 306, 850 307, 622 218, 565 309, 662 481,.687 426, 845 957, 506 275, 986 483, 058 104, 300 714, IN 57, 940 moon 53 581 44G, ON 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 40, 000 SSG, OW 40.000 40, 000 40.000 40, 000 4110 401000 40, 000 40.000 40, OM 40, 000 1959 7N 65, 812 103, 250 66, 000 78, 487 53, 112 74, 163 164, 365 187, 882 40, 000 52, 638 1,242857 142,780 102, 604 71,649 146.547 117, 448 119, 936 77, 030 66, ?37 177, 140 65, 248 116, 138 1, OW, 861 139, 644 114,056 95, 308 149, 159 147, 746 110, 170 131, 012 195, 986 117, 541 146, 494 141, 830 .1!5, 917 1, 114, N2 40, 000 58, 514 1511, 520 68, 592 4$1, 971 62,412 59, 282 43, 757 59, 647 97, 570 80, 651 138, 494 67, 868 130, 714 885, Si. an. 445 ilk 1900 $7, ria, 874 811, III 68, 413 71, 159 72, 000 78, 000 55, 971 85, 783 191,482 85,472 45, 902 56, 937 1, au, as 177, 739 105, 849 64, 543 171,799 135, 750 134, 010 89, 626 72,079 207, 041 70, 753 132, 450 1, Sr, in 161,369 130, 203 129, 583 172, 959 171,239 125, 470 150, 856 229, 997 69, 270 169, 711 164, 032 132, 470 1, 11I, NG 67, 807 48,391 61,062 72, 000 80, 000 62. 015 97, 403 249,152 250, 486 59, tO5 63,385 1,849, !14 230, 178 213, 719 76, 570 221, 976 172, 203 198,893 108, 519 84, 291 270, 635 82, 462 190, (68 2, S41, MU 207, 576. 164, 544 146, 259 223, 578 221, 203 158, 010 193, 061 302, 331 127, 918 219, 097 211, 253 167, 674 so, 7G3 40, 000 63, 528 184, 362 74, 826 50,977 83, 293 63, 486 56,772 63, 931 100, 063 89, 514 205, 806 70,185 101, 770 SS, 111 12, 970 50, 000 20, 64 1 114, 7G1 0 13, 980 110, 000 10, 782 1, 5118, 881 46,657 72, 485 239, 322 88, OH 55, 087 85, 934 72, 427 68, 141 73, 042 99, 815 89, 514 288,142 74, 658 125, 287 50, 291 244, 474 15, 495 LIO, 000 11,079 1961 I 17, 4!7, 183 UN, 211 74,755 58 590 83, 021 1 196, 993 I 86, 898 a 087 I 103, 389 949, 152 I 352, 171 59, 769 63,9M 1, 832, lfr, 230, 178 60, 341 173, 427 75, 902 214, 885 165, 888 185, 931 108, 519 84, 291 270, 63,s 82, 462 180, 736 207, 576 164, 544 133, 235 221, M8 221, 2(13 158,010 191,340 3oq, 331 190, 082 219, 097 211,253 167, 674 11, 174, 734 49, 191 72, 485 239, 322 88, 064 55, 087 75, 211 72. 427. 50, 3% 73, 042 144, 239 127, 216 2115, 264 63,275 125,28; 54, 209 15, 495 209, 077 11, 079 I Includes provided-in the 1958 appropriation 'bill for the Library Services Act. 2 Includes a to ,907 in Federal funds which was distributed to Delaware, Maryland, M amachu- setts, New Jersey, *hoar. and PennsylVania, based on reported 1960 expenditures. Thensecrepaga ents Ware made from allotment balances remaining available to the States and did not 'require i 196) matching apspdituras. O BASIC TABLES 173 Table 5.-Comparisort of State and local funds expended in fiscal 1956 and available for 1961, for all public library services in the areas covered by the plan.' - Region and State AGGREGATE UNITED STATES. NORTH ATLANTIC Congecticut Delaware Maine Maryland Massachusetts. New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsyl vania. R hod, Island Vermont GREAT LAKES AND PLAINS Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas M ichigan Minnesota Missouri- Nebraska North D ota Ohio. it South Dakota Wisconsin $1. SOUTHEAST Alabama Arkansas FloriO Georgia Kentucky Louisiana Missies! pi. North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee. Virginia West Virginia WEST AND SOUTH- WEST Alaska Arizona..____ ........ California- Colorado Hawaii Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico,; Oklahoma Oregon Texas Utah W &Wagon- ....... Wyoming OUTLYING PALMS "leg* Moo WO Wanda 9. .tv. State funds Expended In fiscal 1986 96, M, 445 1. M, 918 Available for fiscal 1961 55, 547 38, 413 46,1136 127, 404 913, 360 1011, 96, NO 731, 348 172,142 24,140 138,951 533, 187 b. -- 3, 916, 534 76, 586 68,170 81, 388 rn, 039 119, 113 140, 418 283, 398 1, 500,166 220, 861 00,717 144, 678 Percent difference Local funds Expended in fiscal 1956 Available for fiscal 1961 1. Ng, en 270, ,1193 495 101 55, 444 5Z652 342;493 SO, 283 275, 039 80, 294 40, 324 206, 168 45, 940 98,197 am in 83, 534 130, 340 35,944 926 407 148,102 0 81, 916 358, 886 87, 3/12 199, 288 174, 902 115, 621 I, 314, 486 378, 995 158,225 8& 783 63, 801 436, 894 159, 000 274, 956 62, 000 76, 617 366,136 57, 500 194, 780 71.9 511.561,646 78, 7, I27, 661 ULU., 174 Percent difference LS, 4360 US 37.8 77.4 74.5 73.4 31.8 30.0 192.3 105.1 28.3 161.5 4.1 44, 311 36,139 382, 485 502, 235 1, 230, 831 236, 886 1, 375, 808 188, 105 845, 792 104, 460 300, 500 44.i MIK 839 205, 860 235, 964 51, 996 1, 516, 868 414,43'2 95. 532 82, 72) 472, 911 102, 439 240, 570 MO, 070 172, 447 40.1 56.2 54.7 21.0 27.5 216.2 -0.1 2.8 90.0 77.6 25.4 98.4 62, 1 987, S 14,197 0 103, 61,133 248, 628 13,155 21,329 43, 020 90, 517 48, 206 145,155 00,149 0 111, 247 28, 225 ==== ,1/16, N3 311, 974 70, 936 34, 671 SU, 611 25,341 50, 290 244, 490 86, NS 473, 580 69, 626 39, 715 50,188 189,506 94, 817 337, 514 101,146 121, MO 302, 62%) 42, 257 1=770, 28, 974 149.243 53, 008 146.4 81.0 44.6 63.7 146.5 1.0 31.8 17. 20. 48. 49. 1 11.311,, NI 1, 096, 150 2, 052, 688 -885, 458 482,140 1, 620, 986 1, 001, 809 797, 464 402,118 139, 062 1, 559,171 383, 954 904, 785 108, 400 60, 702 1105, 314 880, 992 1, 843, 785 334.198 2, 487, 721 4, 349, 738 1,185, 240 127, 706 509, 857 U. 4 7L8 144.6 68.0 61.0 75.4 49.8 41. 1 80.8 98.7 40.1 4 22. 3 69.6 18, 189, 179 1 61.8 $88 1, 570, 725 4, 461, 231 1,165, 880 485, 893 3, 547, 943 1, 800 1 0379, 380, 748 493, 839 228, 278 1, 901, 677 505, 365 1, MO, 000 8843, 945 O . 43. 3 117.3 31.7 0.7 118.8 37.7 96.4 22.8 64. 1 22.0 31.7 16.0 57. 346, 255 306, 582 242, 828 1, 795, 971 200, 252 0 449, 686 625, 614 544, 052 191,865 348, 949 618, 331 430, 011 708. 800' X697 2, 266, 075 345,146 4, 000 621,107 864, 304 8n, 228 387, 688 684, 364 1,195, 555 111. 78.5 139.4 42.1 90.5 429.2 86.2 16.7 87.3 96.7, 132.5 x8.2 172.0 49.8 2===== 814 7, 80Ig 411 28,136 210,376 3, 099, 431 388, 259 19, 842 87, 219 331, 167 65, 991 82, 170, 124 971 725,180 102, 421 230, 336 1, 564,137 200, 811 0 74.6 191. 1 116.6, 25. 6 32. 6 38.1 37.9 51.1 102.0 96.1 93.4 111, 788, 367 61. 9 118,389 235, 000 4, 376, 413 572, 933 26, 000 218,977 401, 485 120, 306 3843, 23802 , 8 577 1.383, 748 ' 1, 000, 740 200, 13+6 2, 912, 895 395, 016 110.4 113.2 0 0 0 0 o0 320. 7 11.7 41.2 47.5 26.0 151.0 21.2 82.3 368:6 40.2 90.8 60.1 25.9 86.2 94.7 '11.1110.1. Data imingled by Statas pursuant to Boo. (a) of P.L. 84-WI (The Library Services Aot) for legal 1116 claimants tor minimum State and local alpeiditurss under State plans. 887-843 0 - 113 - 13 1Jb 174 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT Table 6.--Number of counties or other reporting administrative units and population receiving new or improved services under the Library Services Act by region and State: Fiscal years, 1957-61 Region and State Number of counties or other report- ing administrative units Total Tots! Counties. Other administrative omits: Towns (New England)) Judicial divisions (Alaska) Villages (Guam) Barrios (Puerto Rioo) Unclassified (Virgin Islands) NORTH ATLANTIC Connictiout Delmiare Maine Maryland Massachusetts New Hampshire New Jersey New York Pennsylvania. Rhode Island Vermont Galt AT LASER AND PLAINS Illinois Indiana lows Kansas Michigan Minneso Missourita. Nebraska_ North Dakota Ohio South Dakota Wioscnsin S. SOUTHEAST e Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia- Kentucky Louisiana Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Virginia West Virginia "522 054 10 278 1,111 *123 3 122 21 305 231 21 57 8 29 241 544 57 1 57 103 30 17 98 11 9 79 9 71 9117 43 34 18 123 48 14 64 96 48 83 33 27 New service 114 122 0 0 va 0 0 122 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Improves! extended or sec vioe = Population served I (1050 census 1) Total t, 10 Us MI, IN 1, 408 929 4 10 18 999, 032 2, 450, 534 117, 389 59, 498 318, 547 15,196 1,638 123 3 0 20 305 231 21 57 8 29 241 14 a 0 0 6 7 3 1 0 4 0 S 5 7 I 0 11 15 2 0 7 7 2 5$ 56 0 57 104 ft4 91 8 8 79 5 71 60 38 29 11 122 46 3 49 94 46 796 26 25 7, 9110. 542, 893 33, 996 69, MO 736, 521 1, OM, 191 320, 725 1, 595, 195 2,763, 362 340, 801 146, 054 316, 011 8.11714 793 327, 303 108, 458 196, 556 1, 178, 441 508, 247 357, 870 1; 229, 403 48, 409 100, 741 2, 543, 924 55, 120 917, 171 New service Improv or eaten led Pet the 1, 557, 500 69, MO 0 0 299, 707 779 81,70 0 0 69, 660 12, 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 227, 8, 416 108, 458 0 7, 212 0 87; 57,877fr 4, 569 a849 0 15,979 0 14,111, 597 1, 143, 456 604, 098 232, 531 1, 797, 899 842, 811 220, 438 1, 312 450 3, 926, 724 1, 342, 649 1, 851, 039 897, 372 440, 130 ""U MA 128, 043 43, 145 48, 006 3, 712 0 159, 778 208, 449 30, 865 0 87, 340 .239, 663 103, 464 $4,111,111 31,441,532 2, 380, 874 117, 3% 59,498 18, 840 8,417 7,SM,,KI 54Z 823 226 0 724, 421 1, 055, 191 320, 725 1, 595, 195 2, 763, 362 340, 801 146, 054 316, 011 A, t14, 441 318, 887 0 196, 554 1, 171, 229 508, 247 269, 968 1, 171, 5Z 43, 900 93, 892 2, 543, 924 39, 141 .1, 917. 171 LI, 559, 1,015, 413 560, 953 184, 525 1, 794, 187 642, 811 60, 660 1,104, 001 3, 895, ES 1, 342, 64 1, 763, 699 657, 709 336, 666 =P.m. I The establishment of public library service in a county or other re_ porting administrative unit which did not previously have such service prior to the beginning of the State Plan under the Library Services Act is reported as new service. All other improvetnent or extension of public library service is reported as im- proved or extended serviced. Counties and. other units in this table are reported in only one of the two categories. I The 1950 Census was required for reporting purposed in this 5 year period (fiscal 1957 through fiscal 1961) inasmuch as rural populatidh, used as a basis for allotments, is required by the Library Services Act to be the Most recent available decennial census. - a BASIC TABLES 175 Table 6.-Number of counties or other reporting administrative units and population receiving new or Improved services under the Library Services Act by region and State: Fiscal years, 1957-61-Continued Ma! Region arid state Number of counties or other report- ing adminbitrative units WEST AND SOUTHWEST Alaska_ A rime. California. Colorado Hawaii 1 daho Montana Nevada_ New Mexico Oklahoma Oregon Texas 3 Utah Washington Wyoming otrrisiNG rAirre 0nam Puerto Rico Alritin Islands New service Population served c (1960 census i) Improved or encoded 110117i011 Total New service 4 14 29 17 4 16 18 10 10 16 45 14 5 18 168 10 278 0 17 0 0 0 4 0 0 1 1 4 3 0 11 3 0 0 0 2d) 0 Improved or attended sertrioe 111, 411, >I LK ris 4 An. in 4 117, 389 0 117, VA 14 115,115 0 406, 336 39 1, UK 005 0 1, lee, 006 18 357, 033 9, NIS 1117, 0E1 4 236, 553 0 2119 563 16 123, 573 o 123, 673 17 162577 2,798 119,779 9 67, 814 650 65, 9114 22 378, 338 77, 1, 704 360, 634 7 168, 407 33, 010 136, 397 15 356, 442 0 US, 403 34 645, 298 111, 398 8* 11 91,508 3, 948 87, 5 91, 755 0 91,755 18 151.110 0 154,110 1 1 I 38 lek 1141 10 498 18 318, 547 0 15 195 685 0 299, 707 6, 779 85, 765 59./98 18, 840 8,417 V ti 0, qt. f 176- STAlt PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICICS ACT Table 7.--Numberiof personnel added, by type, and number of bookmobiles purchased under the Library Services Act by region and State: Fiscal years, 1957-761 (When personnel in full-time equivalent was reported in fractions, 1/2 or more has been rounckd to nearest higher figure and lei than y2 was rounded to the nearest lower figure.) Region end State NORTH ATLANTIC Connecticut Delaware Mains_ Maryland Messohusetts. New Hampshire .1 New IereeY New York. Pennsylvania a Rhode bland Verm9nt GREAT LAKES AND PLAINS... Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas. Michigan. Minnesota Missouri. Nebraska tT . North Dakota. Ohio South Dakota Wisoonoin SOUTHEAST Alabama Arkansas. Flaida. Georgia. Kentucky Louisiana Minsied_ppl North carotins South Carolina Tennessee Virginia West Virginia. WEST AND SOUTHWEST Alaska , Arizona California Colorado Hawaii. Idaho Montana." Nevada. New Mello° Oklahoma. Oregon Tens. Utah_ Washington Wyoming OUTLYING PARTS Guam Puerto Moo Virgo Islands. Total Per- simnel added -.Professional . Nooprobssional Book - mobiles card Total r Field consult- ants ,. Oiler Total Clerks and drivers Other 1,, 111 4161 '.1 11.6 187 M Ill 188 ............_._, sit 141 61 I IN U k a _......_........... io 5 15 2 14 6 13 15 4,5 8 9 i III 11 , 4 1 3 1 6 2 4 8 22 2 8 a 2 o 2 0 4 2 2 7 3 0 6 =co= IS 2 -:. 1 I I 2 0 2 1 19 2 2 6 4.' 12 1 8 4 9 7 25 6 1 aim= 1119 6 38' 1 . 2 4 9 3 21 6 1 ===== 176 0 1 4- 0a 0 0 3 3 I 0 - 0 2 . s 7 1 4 i 3 3 i 5 =:= U - - - 441 41 81 4 22 6 22 40 9 18 25 49 12 14 28 1 11 3 4 13 5 5 9 9 0 7 18 0 6 2 3 5 4 3 3 1 0 2 10 1 3 1 1 8 1 2 A 8 0 5 53 14 I 3 ui 35 4 13 16 40 12 7 30 2 12 , 3 IT -38 4 12 11 33 11 7 23 1 2 0 I 0 0 1 5 7 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 12 2 2 7 12 4 4 ma no SIO at 841 11511 1 61 174 ................. es 37 30 116 36 50 31 57 9 44 16 8 13 7 7 31 12 21 14 15 4 11 3 2 .,- 2 1 1 1 1 0 8 -1 1 1 - 0 2 . 11 6 6 ao 11 21 6 14 3 10 3 0 88 50 )0ts 84 24 38 17 42 6 33 13 6 VS 1 30 26 20 53 24 38, 16 . 41 3 16 13i IS 10 4 3 32 0 0 1 1 2 - 17 0 1 .....=== 47 10 9 8 41 a 12I 2 13 18 6 0 317 ......... It K2 1 t i 13 259 11 1 7 21 34 33 20 46 3 ===r 34, ....... 0 4 17 7 4 5 2 11 3 13 13 3 12am, -ff =6...........I 0 *..Z . . 't 4 . 0 2 . 0 1 0 3 a 2 1 0 1 -O .--- 2 14 3 4 3 2 11 0 10 11 3 .19 3 1 13 211 1 21 .. 4 9 16is 31 10 17 34 0= II I to 28 6 9 a 9 13 5 21 Id 7 84 0 0 3 1 0 12 I 0 ' 0 3 13 a '0 4 10 0 0 ===:F=1:2 '' 8 ..................a....... 0: 7 1 0 2 3 3 3 2 4 1 5 7 . 3 5 5 3 0 I 0 0 1 ====4I 19 t 2 1. 31 e 1 0 0 1 0 e ,, 0 0 1 23 1 . 1 4 18 0 Bibliography of Manuals, Surveys, and Films THIS BLBLIOORAPHY is a continuation and supplement to the selective list of manuals, surveys, and films in gupplement 2 (0E-15012), a *green report of the first 3 years o5 the Library Services Act. Again, it represents only a sampling of a wealth of excellent material produced by the States in their public library development activities. Attention is also called to two other bibliographies included in publications of the OrlIce of Education. The initimit publication of this series, State Plans Under the Library Services Act (Bulletin 1958, No. 10) included a partial listing of . -,background materials which are significant in the study of libraryedevelopmect in the IndivIduil States. A benchmark study, State Library Extension Services; A Survey of Relouvres and Activities of State Library Administrative Agencies: 1955-$61 (OE-15000), by Wilfied L-..hloyin and Nathan -M. (lobe% also included a Listing of btickground studies and materials, useful to the States In developing 'Suite plans for rural library development. Idaho Organization and Administration. State Library. Procedure Handbook for Idaho Libraries: Boise, 1961. 16 pages. Indiana State Library. Extension Division. eBudget Making for Public Li- braries in Indiana. [Indianap- olis) 1957. Kansas 29 Pages. DRURY, 'AUKS W. and SHIEDD, e Library Financellandbook. 1960 R4VittiOg by ZeUa J. French. To- peka, Kansas Traveling Libraries Commission, 1960. 15 pages. l'Abrary Commission. Rating Sheets for Evaluation of Public Ltbrar- 11. ie.. Prepared by the Mississippi L4brary COMPtialiOn**01 Coopera- tion with Public Library Evalua- tion Committee of the Mississippi Library Commission. Jackson, 1900. Unpaged. Missouri Daniel Boone Regional Library, Columbia. Policies and Proce- dures; ByLaws. Adopted 1959. Columbia, 1960. 22 pages. HARMON% IEWIEL C. Personnel Uti- lization in the Missouri State Li- brary, Jefferson City. [Jefferson City, Mo.] 1961. 12 pages. Montana sicINALLT, MIRIAM ERMINA. The Li-a' brary Image; A Manual of Litt brary interpretation. Public Re- , 177 4 178 STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT lations Planner in Cooperation With Montana State Library Ex- tension Commission: [Missoula] 1960. 31 pages. New York ( State) University. Commissioner's Committee on Reference and Re- search Library Resources. A Co- operative Program for the Devel- opment of Reference and Research Library Resources in New York State; An Interim Report to James B. Allen, Commissioner of Education. [Albany] 1960. 28 Pages- S. North Carolina North Carolina Library Association. Public Libraries Section. Outline for a Procedure Handbook for Public Libraries. Raleigh, North Carolina, State Library, 1961. 2A Pages- North Carolina Library Association. Public Libraries Section. Develop. ment Committee. Suggested Poli- cies for Public Libraries. Raleigh, North Carolina, State Library, 1960. 25 pages. Oklahoma. State Library. Accounting Procedures for the State of Oklahoma District Library Systems. Oklahoma City, 1960. 34 pages. Tennessee State Library and Archives. Regional Library Service. Manual for Re- gional Librarians. Prepared by Mary Nelson Bates, With the Aa- sistance of Regional Librarians of the Tennessee Regional Library System. Rev. Ed. Nashville, Pub- lic Libraries Division, Tennessee State Library and Archives, 1960. 65 pages. Surveys Arizona MOORE, Eusssrrit 8. The Library Services Act mid Public Library Development in Alison. 1960. 70 pages. Study undertaken to fulfill part of the M.S.L.S. degree 'requirement for the School of Library Science, uni- versity of Southern California. California WYNN, BARBARA L. The Presen$ and Future Relationship Between the Placer County Library and the Roseville Public Library; A Study with Recommendations. [Sacra- mento] California State Library,. 1960. 12 pages. Hawaii LEIGH, ROBERT D. Governor's Study of Public and School Libraries in the State of Hawaii. Vol. 1. Organisation and* Government. Honolulu, Department of Public Instruction, 1960. 83 pages. Illinois BUNDY, MAZY Lzg. An Analysis of Voter Reaction to a Proposal to Form a Library District in La Salle and Bureau Counties, /Hi- nois. Springfield, 1960. 61 pages. (Illinois. State Library, Spring- field. Research Series No. 1.) Published also as University of Illi- nois Graduate School of Library BIBLIOGRAPEiY OF MANUALS, SURVEYS, AND FILMS 179 Science. Rural Library Study, Pro- gress Report No. 1. BUNDY, MARY LEE. The Attitugea and Opintoits of Farm Families in. Illi- nois Toward Matters Related to Rural Library Development. The- sis ( Ph.D. in L.S.) , University of Illinois, 1960. 261 p. (Abridged with title : "What Farmers Think of Libraries." Illinois Libraries, November 1960) PARKER, EDWIN B. The Impact of a Radio Book Review Program on Public Library Circulation. Ur- bana, Ill., Institute of Communi- catibns Research, University of Illinois, June 1961. 10 pages. Kansas FRENCH, ZELIA J. and HICKOK, JAMES R. Grant County: A County Li- brary Study. Topeka, Kansas Traveling Libraries Commission, 1960: 118 pages. Michigan Macomb County Planning Commission, Mount Clemens. Macomb County Library Study: An Analysis of Public Library Services in Ma comb County. Mount Clemens, 1969. 40 pages. State Library. Demand for Public Library Service in Oakland County, Michigan; Based on an Attitude Survey by Alice Eliza- beth McKinley, Public Library Consultant. [Lansing, Michigan State Board for Libraries, 1960] 45 pages. State Library. Report of the Tri- County Library Study: Dickin 8011, Menominee, Delta. Lansing, 1960. SS pages. New Hampshire FORD, JOSEPH P. and HOLDEN, JOHN T. A Study of Library Service in New Hampshire. Concord [N.H.] State Library, 1961. 57 pages. (New Hampshire. University. Department of Government. Gov- ernmental Series, No. 10) Tennessee General Assembly. Legislative Coun- cil Committee. Final Report: Public Library Study, 1960. Nashville, 1960. 61 pages. Texas State Library. Our Library: What Is It Doing? Where Is It Going? A "Do-lt-Youreelf" Survey for the Small Library. Austin, 1961. 6 Pages. Washington 4 State Library. Evaluation of the Co- lombia River Regional Library Demonstration. [Olympia, 1960] 6 pages. Wisconsin BAUMANN, RUTH. Faoing the '60'8 The Public Library in Wisconsin; A Report to the Wisconsin Free Library Commiasion. [Madison] Bureau of Government,,, Research and Advisory Service, University Extension Division, University of Wisconsin, 1961. 2 parts Part 1. Findings and Conclusions. Part 2. Facts About Books. Free Library Commission. Action for the 60's; A Discussion Guide for Library Board Members Based on, "Facing the '60'8; The Public Library in Wisconsin." Madison. 1961. 52 liages. 180 Missouri STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT Trustees State Library. Manual of Policies and Procedures for Public Library Boards: Recommended by Ezeru- Hawaii live Committee, Trustees and Citi- zens Division, Missouri Library Association. Rev: Ed. Jefferson . City, 1960. 20 pages. \ Technical Processes TAUBER, MAURICE F. The Processing Operations of the Library . of Hawaii; A Report on the Organi- zation, Facilities, Operations, and Problems of the Processing Divi- sion. Honolulu, Library of Hawaii, 1960. 164 pages. 9 41P Bookmobile Michigan . State Library. Policy and Procedure Manual for Bookmobile Exhibits and Demonstrations. Rev. Ed. Lansing, 1960. 28 pages. North Carolina State Library. Processing Center. l'orth Carolina State Library l'rneessing renter: Defelopment and Procedures, January 1. 1960June 30, 1961., Raleigh, 1961. 81 pages. Service New York State Library. Division of Library Extension. Initiating Bookmobile Service for Systems bf Libraries. . [ Prepared by E. Paul Becker-. man, Public Library Consultant and Others] Albany, 1960. 11 Pages. Book Collections New Hampshire State Library. Acquisition and Book Selection Policies of the New Louisiana Library State Library. Libraries for Louisi- ana. Baton Rouge, 1960. Made and released by Carolyn Ramsey Film Productions. 20 minutes, sound, color, 16-mm. ce. Hampshire State Libratly. Con- cord, 1961. 25 pages. Films t Features the demonstration pro- gram of the State Library by which public librazies have spread over Louisiana. Includes scenes of the new State Library, showing the relation- ship of the State agency to the parish library demonstrations. , . 13IBMOGRAPHY OF MANUALS, SURfiltS, AND FILMS New England. States Library Extension Agencies,' New England States. The Day the Rooks Went Blank. Produced by Dephoure Studios, Inc., Boston, Mass. 27 minutes, sound, color, 16-mm. This.example of interstate coopera- tion and financing dramatizes the im- lortanee of the public library, in a Sew England setting, as an educa- , tionnl institution deserving support by the residents .of New England. Strissing the many aspects of good ,iibrary service, the film informs the gerneral public how to achieve and maintain a high level through co- oeration among libraries. s0 a Oklahoma 181 State Library. Rooks on the Go. Oklahoma city 19. Produced by the University of Oklahoma. 15 minutes, sound, color, 16-mm. On the organization of multicounty libraries in Oklahoma and on cooper- ation among independent libraries. Seuth Dakota State. Library Commission. The Open Door. Pierre, 1961. Produced by Max Howe Productions, Rapid City, S.D. 27 minutes, sound, color. 16-mm. Shows library development in South Dakota, the possibilities for future de velopment, and the services available from the State library agency. f ; . . , I 1. 4 SI Mb Appendix A Public Law 597-84th Congress Chapter 407-2d Session H.R. 2840 AN ACT To promote the further deweloment of public library service in rural areas. 4 He it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the I *tilted States of .4merira In botgress assembled, That this Act may be cited as the "Library.Serviees Act." DECLARATION OF POLICY 2. (a) It IS the purpose of this. Act to promote the further extension by the .ruA ral States of public library services to rural areas without such services or with inadequate services. (b) The provisions of this Act shall not be so construed as to interfere with State and local initiative and responsibility in the conduct of public library services. The administration of public libraries, the selection of personnel and library books and materials, and, insofar as consistent with the purposes of this Act, the determination of the best uses of :he funds provided tinder this Ail shall be reserved to he States and their local subdivisions: AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS SF(:. 3. There is hereby, authorized to be appropriated for the fiscal year ending brie 30, 1957, and for each of the four succeeding fiscal years the sum of $7,500,000 idlich shall be tised for making payments to States which have submitted and kad approved by the Commissioner of Education (hereinafter referred to as the Commis- sioner) State plans for the further extension of public library service's to rural:vireas %idiom such services, or with inadequate services. ALLOTMENTS TO SITATEg SFr. 4. (a) From the sums apprepriate&puriiiiant to want' 3 for each fiscal year' the Commissioner shall allot $10,000-iii-lhe 1irgin Islands and $4(1,000 to each of the other States, and shaill...allot to eacheState such part of the remainder of such stuns as -.- the rural poprrhition of the State bears to the rural population of the United States -a Ming to the most recent decennial census. (b) The amount of any allottneflt to a Slate tinder subsection (a) for any fiscal year remaining unpaid to such State at the find of such fiscal year shall be available for payment to such State under section 6 until the end of the'succeeding fiscal year. \o payment to a State under section 6 shall he made out of its allotment for any fiscal year until its allotment for the preceding fiscal year has been exhausted or has ceased to be available. 4 188 184 STATE PLAN'S UNDER THE LIBRARY 8ERVIC68 ACT STATE PLANS 4 ;.w Sic. 3. (a) Tai be approved under this section, a State plan for the further extension of imblic library services to rural areas must-- (I) Provide for the administration, or supervison of the administration, of the plan by the State library administrative agency, and provide that such agenci will have adequate authority under State law to administer the plan in aeconlanee with its provision and the provisions of this Act; (2) provide for the receipt by the State treasurer (or, if there be ,n Slate treasurer, the officer exercising similar functions for the State) of all funds paid to the State pursuant to this Act and for the proper safeguarding of such fund% by such officer, provide that such funds shall be expended solely for the 14,9)4,4 for which paid, and provide for the repayment by the State to the United State*" of any such funds lost or diverted from the purposes fiw which paid: (3) provide policies and methot_b4 of administration to be followed in using any funds made available for expenditure,under the State plan, Which oliiirs and methods the State library administrative agency certifies will in its judgment assure use of such funds to maximum advantage in theurther extension of public library services to rural area without such services or with inadequate services: (I) provide that the State library administrative agency will make such reports as to categories of expenditures made under this Act, as the Commissioner may from time to time reasonably require: and (5) 'Provide that any library services furnished under the plan shall be made available free of charge under regulations presfribed by the State library adritini*. trative agency. (b) The Commissioner shall approve any plain which fulfills the conditions siecilied in subsection (a) of this section. (c) The determination of whether library services are inadequate in any mica with- in any State shall be made by the State library administrative agency 4f such State. PAYMENTS TO STATES SEC. b. (a) From the allotments available therefor under section 4, the Secretari of the Treasury shall from time to time pay to each State which has a plan aiq under section 5 an amount computed as provided in subsectiorv(1)) of this section, equal to the Federal share of the total sums expended by the State and its iliticsl subdivisions under such plan during the period for which 'such payment was tutule, except that no payments shall be.made to any State from its allotment for any year unless and until the Commissioner finds that (I) there will he available for ex pe9diture under the plan from State or local sources during the fiscal year for which the allotment is made (A) sums sufficient to -enable the State to receive tinder tits sec- tion payments An an amount not less than $100/0 in the ease of the 1 irgin Islam& and $40,000 in the cat4k of any other State, and (B) not lesp.thau the total amount atuall% expended, in the areas covered by the plan for such year, for public lirar%. ser%ice from such sources in the fiscal car ending itallt 30, 195, and (')there Hill be available for expenditure for public library services from State stories during 1 he fiscal vrar for which the allotment is made not less than the total amount actually. expended for thy public library services from such sources in the fiscal %eat ending June 30. 195(1. (b) The Commissioner shall front time to time. but not less often than setiammall. and prior to the period for which a payment is 14 be made, estimate the amount. the balance of the allotments for each State, which may he necessary to pay the Federal share of the total expenditures for carrying out the approved State 'Ilan for marl, period. The Commissioner shall certify to the Secretary of the Treasury the amount so determined, reduced or increased as the case may be by the amount APPENDIX A 185 by which he finds that his estimate for any prior period was greater or km than the amount which should have been paid to the State for such period. The Secretary of the shall tIereupon, prior to audit or settkment by the General Accounting- Office, pay to the State, at the time or times fixed by the Commissioner, the amount ipo rectified. (e) For the purposes of this section the "Federal share" for any State shall be 100 per centum less the State percentage and the State percentage shall be that percentage %Illicit bears the same ratio to 50 per eentiam as the per capita income of such State bears to the per capita income of the continental United States (excluding Aiaska), wept that (1) the Federal share shall in no case be more than (.6 per centiem or less than 33 per rentutn, and (2) the Federal share' for .11.1awaii shall be 10 per renturn anti for Alaska, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands shall be per centum. (d) The "Federal share" for each Stair shall be promulgated by the Cotnmissioner between July 1 and August 31 of each evett.numbereti year, on the basis of the average of the per capita incomes of the States and of the continental United States (excluding. klagka) for the three moat recent consecutive years for which satisfactory data are available from the Departtnent of Commerce. Such promulgation 'shall be conehisive far rach of the two fiscal years in the period beginning cooly 1 next succeeding such 'promulgation: Provided, That the Commissioner shall promulgate such percentages SA soon as possible after the enactment of this Act to be effetive until July 1, 1957. (r) No portion of any money paid to a State under this Act shall be applied, directly tr indirectly, to the purchase or erection of any building or buildings, or for the purchase any land. (1) No portion of any money paid to a State under this Act shall be used, directly w indirectly, to provide or improve library services in any area other than a rural area; eteept that nothing contained herein shall be construcd to prohibit the utilisation of knell money by public libraries in nonairal areas for the exclusive purpose of extending' library services to rural areas, if such utilization has been. provided for in an apprilved State plan covering the arras affected. WITHHOLDING Sit.. 7. 11 the Commissioner finds after reasonable notiee and opportunity for hearing to the Stale vettev administering or supervising the administration of the nur plan approved under this Act, that the State plan has been so changed that it Finger ith lief requirements of this Art or that in the administration of ihr !slim there is a failure to emnplv Milk the provisions required to he include,' in the ilint. III' %hail ntifv .4uch State agency that further paymenjs will not 1e indite in Ihe Suite under this %t until he is satisfied that there is no longer any such `failure li romipl,. I mil hr ism, satisfied, he shall make no further certification to the 4410 are of lite Treasury with' respect to such State: Provided, That any State or %41a11 agem) is rntitlril to judicial review in the United States District Court wherein ihr State or State agency is located of any such %ithhoklingsdeterination in acconi- Jilue vtith applicable proisions of the Administrative Procedures Art. INISTRAT1ON SE:, 8. (a) The Commissioner shall administer this Act tinder the supervision and ilin.rtiott of the .Secretary of I !call lr, Education, and Welfare, and shall, with the approval- sufthe Secretary, prescribe such regulations as may he necessary for the administration of this Am (I.) Tice Commissioner is also authorized to niake such studies, investigations, and reiarts as may be necessary or apiwopriate IN carry out the purposes or this Act, Aor 18G WV STATE PLANS UNDER THE LIBRARY SERVICES ACT including lrrioilic reort* for public distrilustion as to the valtueti, method*, awl results of various Stahl' ilemotirations of pnblic library services in rural areaesindry. taken under 014 .%ea. (c) Tlirre are liercliv autlsoristeil to be appropriated rir expense* of atImini«trAtion morli sums apt maw be tireetiotary to carry out the function* of the Secretary awl the Ctmimissioncr smiler tliiu 1t. 1)F.FINITIoNS SRC. 9. For the 'furrow% of tliivi kct (a) t1ie term -Stale" Inca's' a State, Alaska, Puerto Rico, pr Ai. 1 irgin Islam's; (II) The-term -Sow mletiini*trati.e agency" mean% tier official State a:ror, charm' by Slate lay 4.%tenftion aml de.elopment of public Mra *hrf ire% throughout the State: (c) The term "public lilrar incase% d Moran dial ser.e% free. all n-sidelitft of a community, district, r *ss. am' reC11ryi financial support in %%hole or in iati from public funds; .1;s (if) The 'elm "Serretarv's Illi11 iii.' seryldry of Health. lowdtiis. 41141 and (e) The term "rural arra- lu,k IMO HI 'Hole Jos incorprate., or unincwporateil ttol ha ing a population al_f. 1111141% I 114111 1E11 411411+41 1« 111g. pprOVe41 .1 Mlle 19, 1956. . ss f Appendisx B Public Law 86-679 86th Congress, S. 2830 August 31; 1960 AN ACT 4 at 1" *mem' the Library Men Ie Act In order to extend for eve years the autborlastion tor appropriations, mad for other purposes. 1k it enacted by the Senate and House of Pi presentatives of the United States of America in CongreAs wisern fit fi. That section 3 of she Library Services Act (20 U.S.C. 352) is amended by striking out °four succeeds fiscal years" and inserting in lieu thereof ."-nine succeed ing SEC. 2. Section 4 of the Library Services Act (20 U.S.C. 353) is amended by striking out subsection (b) and by striking "(a)" after 'Sec. 4.", Six% 3. Section 6(c) °film Library Services Act (2Q U.S.C. 355(0 ) tsiunended to read as follows: "(c) For the purpooes of this section the 'Federal share' for any State shall be 100 per centum less the State percentage and the State percentage shall be that percentage which bears the 'same ratio to 50 centum as the per capita income of such State bears to the per 'capita income of al the States (excluding Puerto Rico, Guam) and the Virgin Islands), eicept that (1) the Federal share shall in .0 case be more than 66 per centum or lees than 33 per centum, and (?) the Federal share for Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands %hall be 66 per oentum." SEe.4. Section 6(d) of the Library Services Act OM U.S.C. 355(0 ) is amended by insertlog "(1)" after "(d)", by striking out "the States and of the continental United States (excluding Alaski)" and insert- ing in lieu dieted "each of the States and of all of the States (exclud- ing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands)," and by at the end theregg the following new paragraph: (2) Promulgations made before satishctory data are available from the Department of Commerce for a full year on the per capita income of Alaska shall prescribe a Federal are for Alaska of 66 per celitum and, for purposes of such pi:omulgations, Alaska shall not be included in determining the per capita income of all of the States. Promulgations made thereafter but before per capita income data for Alat for a full three-year period are available from the Ddpart 74 ment of Commerce shall be based on satisfactory data available theel 74 from for Alaski for such one full year, or, when such data are available for a two-year period, for Such two years." Ste, 5.. Simon 9(a) of the Library Services Act (90 U.S.C. 858 (a) ) is amended by strikingout "Alaska, Hawaii,". Sec. 6. the aineridments madt by sect ion 9 of this Act shall be Emottv. .effective in the . core of allotments from sums appropriated under Section 8 of the Library Services Act for any fiscal roar beginning after June 30, 1961, except that. no payment shall be made to any State from its allotment under. section 4 of such Act for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1962, until its allotment for any prececling year has been exhausted or ceased to be available. The amendments made by sections 8 and 4 of this Act shall be effective in the case of promul- gations of Federal shares under the Library Services Act niade after the enactment of this Act. Approved August 31, 1960. years". Library Seri/- loss Lot, aisertdmarrt. 70 Stat. 293. "Podsral Promulgations. STAT. 571, STAT. 572. U.S. GOVERMISENT FIRMS OFFICE; IOU 0-4W/442 dates.