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The 2018 National Child Count of Children and Youth who are Deaf-Blind NCDB Logo National Center on Deaf-Blindness December 2019 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) Table of Contents The 2018 National Child Count of Children and Youth who are Deaf-Blind ..................... 1 Data Elements in the National Deaf-Blind Child Count ............................................... Age of Child ...................................................................................................... Documented Hearing and Vision Loss .................................................................... Corrective Lenses.............................................................................................. Central Auditory Processing Disorder .................................................................. Additional Assistive Technology.......................................................................... Etiology Detail: Prenatal/Congenital Complications .............................................. Other (Additional) Disabilities............................................................................. Part B Information................................................................................................ Introduction ........................................................................................................... 4 Considerations for the Reader ................................................................................. 6 Overall Population Demographics............................................................................. 7 State Child Count Totals ...................................................................................... 7 Race/Ethnicity................................................................................................... 11 Gender ............................................................................................................. 14 Primary Classification of Vision Impairment......................................................... 17 Cortical Visual Impairment ................................................................................. 19 Primary Classification of Hearing Impairment ...................................................... 22 Auditory Neuropathy ......................................................................................... 26 Cochlear Implant............................................................................................... 27 Assistive Listening Devices................................................................................. 28 Etiologies ............................................................................................................. 31 Primary Identified Etiology................................................................................. 32 Etiology Detail: Hereditary Syndromes/Disorders................................................. 33 Etiology Detail: Postnatal/Non-Congenital Complications...................................... 36 Etiology Detail: Other ........................................................................................ 37 Additional Disabilities ............................................................................................ 38 Part C Information................................................................................................ 42 IDEA Part C Reported Category.......................................................................... 42 Early Intervention Setting (Ages Birth through 2) ................................................ 43 IDEA Part B Reported Category (Part 1 of 2)....................................................... 46 2 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) IDEA Part B Reported Category (Part 2 of 2)....................................................... 48 Educational Setting: ECSE (3 to 5) Settings......................................................... 50 Educational Setting: School Aged (6 to 21) Settings ............................................ 52 State Assessments ............................................................................................ 54 Educational Supports ............................................................................................ 56 Intervener Services ........................................................................................... 56 Living Setting ....................................................................................................... 57 Living Setting (Part 1 of 2)................................................................................. 57 Living Setting (Part 2 of 2)................................................................................. 59 Exiting Information ............................................................................................... 60 Part C Exiting Status (Part 1 of 2)....................................................................... 60 Part C Exiting Status (Part 2 of 2)....................................................................... 62 Part B Exiting Status (Part 1 of 2)....................................................................... 63 Part B Exiting Status (Part 2 of 2)....................................................................... 64 References........................................................................................................... 65 Contact Information.............................................................................................. 66 Alternative formats of this report can be found in the DB Child Count section of the National Center’s website. The contents of this report were developed under a grant from the U.S. Department of Education, #H326T130026. However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the US Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government. Project Officer, Susan Weigert. OSEP Ideas at Work 3 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) Introduction This report is the 33rd edition of the annual National Child Count of Children and Youth Who Are Deaf-Blind, the first and longest running registry and knowledge base of children who are deaf-blind in the world. Begun in 1986 on behalf of the U.S. Department of Education, it represents a collaborative effort between the National Center on Deaf-Blindness (NCDB), its predecessors, and each state and multi-state deaf-blind project throughout the country, as well as projects funded in the Pacific Trust territories, the Virgin Islands, and Puerto Rico. Initially requested by the U.S. Department of Education as an examination of the discrepancy between the National Deaf-Blind Child Count and the Office of Special Education Programs’ (OSEP) annual counts of children and students with disabilities being served under IDEA Part C or Part B, the child count has expanded over time to inform the work of a range of OSEP- funded deaf-blind projects, including the current national, state, and multi-state technical assistance projects. The National Deaf-Blind Child Count has been collaboratively designed, implemented, and revised to serve as a common vehicle to meet federal grant requirements for both the state and multi-state deaf-blind t echnical assistance projects and NCDB, as well as serve as a common data collection and reporting mechanism for use across the country. Consistent with the priorities under which NCDB, its predecessors, and the state and multi-state deaf-blind pr ojects are funded, this national child count is used to help identify national and state technical assistance needs for children and youth who are deaf-blind, their families, and the service providers and systems that serve them. The National Deaf-Blind Child Count is conducted each year to supplement OSEP’s Federal IDEA Part C and Part B child counts, which include children as deaf- blind only when deaf-blindness is their single disability. In contrast to OSEP’s Part C and Part B child counts, the National Deaf-Blind Child Count data is collected for children whose disability is solely deaf-blindness, as well as those who are identified with deaf-blindness and have additional disabilities. This is a critical distinction given that nearly 87% of the children and youth on the National Deaf- Blind Child Count have one or more additional disabilities. Consequently, most children who are deaf-blind or have deaf-blind intervention needs are not identified as such on OSEP’s IDEA Part C and Part B child counts. Between December 1, 2017 and December 1, 2018, state and multi-state deaf-blind projects reported 11,081 children and youth were eligible to receive services. 10,638 children and youth were eligible to receive services from deaf-blind projects on December 1, 2018. Of these, 9,904 were both eligible to receive deaf-blind project services and were being served through either Part C or Part B of IDEA. Therefore, a total of 9,904 children and youth are included on the December 1, 2018 Deaf- Blind Child Count. Across the United States, 647 infants (birth-2) and 9,189 children and young adults (3-21) were identified and reported as deaf-blind by the state and multi-state deaf-blind 4 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) projects on the December 1, 2018 Deaf-Blind Child Count. An additional 68 students were reported by those projects, who by their respective state’s legislation or regulation, continue to provide services through the end of the school year in which the student turns 22 years of age. These individuals make up the total of 9,904 infants, children, and young adults identified as deaf-blind by the state and multi-state deaf-blind projects. This figure represents a slight increase from the previous year. In contrast, the U.S. Department of Education (2018a) reports that 1,493 students (3-21) were identified as deaf-blind on OSEP’s IDEA Part B "Snapshot" Child Count. Due to the non-categorical nature of Part C, no infants or toddlers are reported as deaf-blind as they are all reported as developmentally delayed or at-risk by their state Part C lead agencies (2018b). This discrepancy of nearly 85% between the IDEA count of children and youth who are deaf-blindand the National Deaf-Blind Child Count is significant. State and multi- state deaf-blind project directors consistently indicate that most Part C lead agencies and state education agencies report their children and students with deaf-blindness as being developmentally delayed, multiply disabled, and/or visually impaired or hearing impaired, rather than identifying them as deaf-blind. Concerns about the under-identification of deaf-blindness and its resulting unique intervention requirements have been a consistent problem and one that often results in a lack of or delay in receiving appropriate intervention and instruction critical to children’s early development (Herbster, 2015; Muller, 2006; Purvis & Schalock, 2014). The opportunity for early identification, intervention, and provision of instructional services aimed at the unique needs of young children and students who are deaf-blind is a critical component that should not be lost. In reviewing the child count data submitted over the years, it is notable that children who are deaf-blind are highly diverse. Clearly, children who are deaf-blind are as varied as the number reported, and the nature and extent of deaf-blindness in children is often misunderstood (Malloy & Killoran, 2007; McCormick, 2015; Schalock, 2018). These children represent one of the lowest incidence yet most diverse group of learners receiving early intervention and special education services (Muller, 2006). They are an extremely heterogeneous group whose sensory losses are often accompanied by additional physical or cognitive disabilities, complex medical needs, and/or behavior challenges. The level of complexity in the needs faced by this population requires continued evolution and adaptation in national, state, and local systems to provide needed services effectively. Data Elements in the National Deaf-Blind Child Count Throughout the history of the child count, NCDB and its predecessors have continuously revised the child count language and reporting elements to a) remain current with IDEA Section 618 Part C and Part B data requirements, b) ease the data collection burden of the projects, and c) increase process and cost efficiencies. Current data elements target both IDEA Section 618 requirements and the collection of information to guide state-specific and national technical assistance. Existing data elements have been broken out into specific Part B and Part C elements using Section 618 language, when possible. Reported data elements that are consistent with the IDEA mandated child counts include: 5 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) • Race/Ethnicity • Part B and C Category Codes • Early Intervention Setting (Birth through 2) • Educational Setting (3-5 and 6-21) • Participation in Statewide Assessments • Part C Exiting Status (Birth through 2) • Part B Exiting Status (3-21) Data elements have also been included to assist in developing state and national technical assistance initiatives (e.g., collection of demographic and needs assessment information). These include: • Gender • Etiology • Documented Vision Loss • Cortical Vision Impairment • Documented Hearing Loss • Central Auditory Processing Disorder • Auditory Neuropathy • Cochlear Implants • Other Impairments or Conditions • Living Setting • Intervener Services • Use of Corrective Lenses, Listening Devices, and/or Assistive Technology Considerations for the Reader When reading the information that follows, the reader should note that: • Although the IDEA definition is used as the common definition of deaf-blindness, each state or multi-state deaf-blind project has the discretion of establishing criteria for their own project services. This definition was modified for birth-2 to reflect Part C Early Intervention program services and infant-toddler outcomes. • The National Deaf-Blind Child Count is collected in a timeline similar to IDEA Section 618 data requirements. A point-in-time “snap shot” is used to reflect those infants, young children, and students identified and eligible for services from state and multi-state deaf-blind projects on December 1 of each year. Thus, in many instances, projects serve more infants, young children, and students over the course of the year than are reported on December 1. • Where cross-over exists, the language and reporting elements used in the National Deaf-Blind ChildCount are consistent with those found in Section 618 of IDEA when possible. 6 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) • The National Deaf-Blind Child Count uses the IDEA Exiting data category differently than it is used in the Part B Children with Disabilities (IDEA) Exiting Special Education data collection. Exiting data is reported for ages 3-21 using these category codes on the Deaf-Blind Child Count. The IDEA Part B Exiting Special Education collection only collects data on ages 14-21. • The National Deaf-Blind Child Count data presented are based on aggregate data reported by each state and multi-state deaf-blind project. While the aggregated counts provide a national perspective, there is substantial variability in the individual state project data reports. Overall Population Demographics The total December 1, 2018 Deaf-Blind “Snap Shot” count decreased to 9,904; a drop of 96 from 2017. This decline is not unexpected in the first year of a new grant cycle. New state and national project staff often look at data more closely as they establish new data management procedures. Overall, the total number of children and youth served during the year increased slightly from 10,950 to 11,081. The distribution of children/youth across age groups has remained relatively stable over the past five years. Since 2014, the number of children from birth to 2 years of age has increased from 561 to 647 in 2018. The number of children aged 3 to 5 increased only slightly, from 1,165 in 2014 to 1,276 in 2018. The number of children and youth aged 6 to 17 increased from 6,095 to 6,461. The number of those 18 years of age and older also increased from 1,535 to 1,620. The racial/ethnic makeup of the children and youth who are deaf-blind has also remained relatively consistent over the past 5 years. There have been slight changes, but nothing significant. For example, the percentage of the population identified as white decreased from 54.3% to 53.2%. The percentage of the population identified as black or African American rose slightly from 14.2% to 14.3%. The percentage identified as Latino or Hispanic shows a slight decrease from 20.0% to 19.7%. The other categories have experienced minor variations as well. The distribution of children and youth by gender has also remained very stable over time, with about 54% of children and youth being male and 46% female. State Child Count Totals State Total Number Served by State During Year Number Eligible to Receive Project Services on 12-1-2018 Regardless of Part C or Part B Status 12-1-18 Snap Shot: Number on Child Count (1) Alabama 252 243 242 Alaska 16 16 16 Arizona 216 215 213 Arkansas 225 214 190 California 1111 1052 829 Colorado 165 147 146 Connecticut 70 61 56 7 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Total Number Served by State During Year Number Eligible to Receive Project Services on 12-1-2018 Regardless of Part C or Part B Status 12-1-18 Snap Shot: Number on Child Count (1) Delaware 64 64 64 District of Columbia 20 20 20 Florida 607 607 584 Georgia 329 308 280 Hawaii 55 55 47 Idaho 57 56 55 Illinois 351 343 329 Indiana 221 221 196 Iowa 91 89 87 Kansas 106 102 97 Kentucky 153 153 122 Louisiana 105 104 96 Maine 50 47 40 Maryland 187 187 179 Massachusetts 259 256 227 Michigan 350 345 310 Minnesota 389 356 356 Mississippi 80 71 70 Missouri 248 248 223 Montana 53 47 42 Nebraska 102 102 98 Nevada 132 127 111 New Hampshire 80 73 71 New Jersey 234 234 231 New Mexico 130 130 130 New York 417 417 399 North Carolina 291 280 265 North Dakota 33 33 33 Ohio 417 413 405 Oklahoma 187 167 165 Oregon 102 99 95 Pacific Basin 51 46 46 Pennsylvania 697 660 613 Puerto Rico 37 34 34 Rhode Island 38 38 34 South Carolina 150 147 141 South Dakota 30 29 29 Tennessee 314 299 260 Texas 892 784 769 Utah 144 134 127 Vermont 22 22 22 Virgin Islands 23 23 23 Virginia 218 214 204 Washington 247 246 237 West Virginia 78 76 76 Wisconsin 141 140 129 Wyoming 44 44 41 National Total 11081 10638 9904 (1) December 1 snap shot based on children/youth in Part C or Part B and eligible for DB project services. 8 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) Age of Child State 0 thru 2 3 thru 5 6 thru 11 12 thru 17 18 thru 21 Over 21 Unknown/ Missing State Total Alabama 31 21 68 75 47 0 0 242 Alaska 2 1 5 8 0 0 0 16 Arizona 18 15 63 86 31 0 0 213 Arkansas 3 13 73 79 22 0 0 190 California 46 75 266 306 136 0 0 829 Colorado 16 28 43 47 12 0 0 146 Connecticut 6 9 16 16 9 0 0 56 Delaware 1 9 23 23 8 0 0 64 District of Columbia 0 3 10 4 3 0 0 20 Florida 16 47 186 202 132 1 0 584 Georgia 17 39 95 98 31 0 0 280 Hawaii 0 2 24 16 5 0 0 47 Idaho 2 4 26 14 9 0 0 55 Illinois 11 31 94 115 78 0 0 329 Indiana 13 14 61 60 48 0 0 196 Iowa 6 11 30 32 8 0 0 87 Kansas 6 18 37 28 8 0 0 97 Kentucky 10 15 28 45 24 0 0 122 Louisiana 5 14 16 42 18 1 0 96 Maine 4 5 16 8 7 0 0 40 Maryland 2 16 60 62 32 7 0 179 Massachusetts 6 26 62 92 39 2 0 227 Michigan 8 29 84 107 43 39 0 310 Minnesota 18 32 129 123 54 0 0 356 Mississippi 8 14 20 22 6 0 0 70 Missouri 17 44 59 77 26 0 0 223 Montana 3 4 17 17 1 0 0 42 Nebraska 2 5 39 37 15 0 0 98 Nevada 17 16 46 21 11 0 0 111 New Hampshire 4 12 30 14 11 0 0 71 New Jersey 8 24 82 55 52 10 0 231 10 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State 0 thru 2 3 thru 5 6 thru 11 12 thru 17 18 thru 21 Over 21 Unknown/ Missing State Total New Mexico 9 27 47 37 10 0 0 130 New York 15 33 122 146 80 3 0 399 North Carolina 7 26 93 106 33 0 0 265 North Dakota 3 7 10 8 5 0 0 33 Ohio 3 23 111 154 114 0 0 405 Oklahoma 10 25 56 48 26 0 0 165 Oregon 12 12 26 29 16 0 0 95 Pacific Basin 0 4 15 17 10 0 0 46 Pennsylvania 117 141 177 125 53 0 0 613 Puerto Rico 4 2 7 14 6 0 0 34 Rhode Island 2 5 5 18 4 0 0 34 South Carolina 10 24 41 42 24 0 0 141 South Dakota 3 2 7 14 3 0 0 29 Tennessee 38 41 84 70 27 0 0 260 Texas 49 92 266 267 91 4 0 769 Utah 13 25 36 36 17 0 0 127 Vermont 0 7 7 5 3 0 0 22 Virgin Islands 0 3 6 10 4 0 0 23 Virginia 9 23 60 81 31 0 0 204 Washington 17 33 61 83 43 0 0 237 West Virginia 10 7 29 25 5 0 0 76 Wisconsin 6 14 43 50 16 0 0 129 Wyoming 4 4 15 13 5 0 0 41 National Total 647 1176 3132 3329 1552 68 0 9904 Race/Ethnicity State American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African American Hispanic/ Latino White Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander Two or More Races Unknown/ Missing State Total Alabama 4 7 65 22 140 1 3 0 242 Alaska 6 1 1 1 6 0 0 1 16 Arizona 14 2 13 97 85 0 0 2 213 Arkansas 1 2 36 18 127 0 6 0 190 11 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African American Hispanic/ Latino White Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander Two or More Races Unknown/ Missing State Total California 6 80 40 400 192 11 36 64 829 Colorado 3 9 9 45 73 2 5 0 146 Connecticut 0 1 10 11 33 0 1 0 56 Delaware 3 3 14 16 28 0 0 0 64 District of Columbia 0 0 13 1 5 1 0 0 20 Florida 1 27 127 166 234 3 22 4 584 Georgia 1 8 83 43 128 0 16 1 280 Hawaii 0 17 2 1 5 13 2 7 47 Idaho 2 1 3 6 42 0 1 0 55 Illinois 0 23 69 70 162 0 5 0 329 Indiana 1 5 20 17 146 0 7 0 196 Iowa 0 1 5 8 68 1 4 0 87 Kansas 0 7 5 8 73 0 3 1 97 Kentucky 0 2 15 6 97 0 2 0 122 Louisiana 0 0 19 1 44 0 0 32 96 Maine 1 0 1 0 38 0 0 0 40 Maryland 0 8 51 25 84 7 0 4 179 Massachusetts 2 13 7 46 147 0 9 3 227 Michigan 4 14 45 19 219 0 9 0 310 Minnesota 13 29 45 28 227 1 13 0 356 Mississippi 0 1 24 5 38 0 1 1 70 Missouri 2 6 30 11 162 1 9 2 223 Montana 3 1 1 2 34 1 0 0 42 Nebraska 2 4 8 14 69 0 1 0 98 Nevada 1 3 14 37 42 2 12 0 111 New Hampshire 3 2 2 5 58 0 1 0 71 New Jersey 0 16 29 57 121 0 8 0 231 New Mexico 20 2 2 65 34 0 6 1 130 New York 5 35 56 108 93 85 9 8 399 North Carolina 4 7 77 22 137 1 17 0 265 North Dakota 5 0 2 1 25 0 0 0 33 Ohio 2 4 73 16 297 2 11 0 405 Oklahoma 26 3 19 17 99 0 0 1 165 Oregon 1 1 1 19 69 1 2 1 95 12 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State American Indian or Alaska Native Asian Black or African American Hispanic/ Latino White Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander Two or More Races Unknown/ Missing State Total Pacific Basin 0 32 0 0 0 13 0 1 46 Pennsylvania 5 26 104 42 411 0 25 0 613 Puerto Rico 0 0 0 34 0 0 0 0 34 Rhode Island 0 4 5 5 20 0 0 0 34 South Carolina 1 2 49 7 81 0 0 1 141 South Dakota 6 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 29 Tennessee 0 4 50 21 173 0 11 1 260 Texas 5 31 98 306 309 3 17 0 769 Utah 5 1 4 23 87 4 2 1 127 Vermont 0 1 0 0 20 0 1 0 22 Virgin Islands 0 0 4 7 12 0 0 0 23 Virginia 2 9 47 16 121 0 0 9 204 Washington 4 9 10 41 133 8 20 12 237 West Virginia 0 0 1 0 74 0 0 1 76 Wisconsin 1 5 11 8 94 0 4 6 129 Wyoming 0 0 2 6 29 3 0 1 41 National Total 165 469 1421 1950 5268 164 301 166 9904 13 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) Gender State Male Female Unknown/ Missing State Total Alabama 103 134 5 242 Alaska 7 8 1 16 Arizona 121 91 1 213 Arkansas 106 83 1 190 California 431 381 17 829 Colorado 84 62 0 146 Connecticut 34 22 0 56 Delaware 38 26 0 64 District of Columbia 8 11 1 20 Florida 311 272 1 584 Georgia 136 144 0 280 Hawaii 23 23 1 47 Idaho 26 29 0 55 Illinois 167 162 0 329 Indiana 108 88 0 196 Iowa 46 41 0 87 Kansas 52 45 0 97 Kentucky 66 56 0 122 Louisiana 43 45 8 96 Maine 27 13 0 40 Maryland 100 79 0 179 Massachusetts 129 98 0 227 Michigan 182 128 0 310 Minnesota 171 185 0 356 Mississippi 33 37 0 70 Missouri 134 89 0 223 Montana 22 20 0 42 Nebraska 53 45 0 98 Nevada 60 51 0 111 New Hampshire 44 26 1 71 New Jersey 134 97 0 231 New Mexico 60 70 0 130 New York 211 188 0 399 North Carolina 151 114 0 265 North Dakota 15 18 0 33 Ohio 232 173 0 405 Oklahoma 88 77 0 165 Oregon 61 34 0 95 Pacific Basin 30 16 0 46 Pennsylvania 345 268 0 613 Puerto Rico 20 14 0 34 Rhode Island 15 18 1 34 South Carolina 78 63 0 141 South Dakota 13 16 0 29 Tennessee 136 124 0 260 Texas 425 344 0 769 Utah 63 64 0 127 14 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Male Female Unknown/ Missing State Total Vermont 12 10 0 22 Virgin Islands 11 12 0 23 Virginia 110 94 0 204 Washington 109 119 9 237 West Virginia 50 26 0 76 Wisconsin 82 47 0 129 Wyoming 28 13 0 41 National Total 5344 4513 47 9904 Documented Hearing and Vision Loss The overall distribution of degree of vision loss has remained relatively consistent over time. A total of 7,844 or just under 80% of the children and youth, were identified as having low vision, being legally blind, or having a documented functional vision loss in 2018. A total of 436, nearly 5% of the population, is totally blind. These distributions have not varied much over the past five years, fluctuating only 1-3% during this time period. There has been a slight increase in the percentage of children and youth with low vision and a documented functional vision loss. The percentage of children who are legally blind has declined. The number of children and youth who have an identified cortical vision impairment has grown slightly over the past five years from 2,770 in 2014 to 2,797 in 2018 and represents just under 30% of the population. The documented degree of hearing loss is more evenly distributed from mild to profound. A total of 2,017 children and youth have a profound hearing loss and make up the largest group at 20%. The number of children with a documented functional hearing loss (1,202) decreased this year, while the number of children and youth with a mild hearing loss (1,422) increased slightly. These distributions have remained very consistent over the past five years, fluctuating only 1-2%. The percentage of children/youth identified as needing further hearing testing has fluctuated between 8.3% to 7.2% over the past five years. Relatively few children and youth have been identified as having a central auditory processing disorder (506) or auditory neuropathy (555). In both cases, these numbers represent less than 6% of the population. The number of children identified as having received cochlear implants continues to increase, growing from 990 in 2014 (10.5%) to 1,155 in 2018 (11.7%). This increase is true for all ages, from infants to young adults. While there has been a significant increase over the past five years in the percentage of children and youth with corrective lenses from 38.3% to 43.0% and assistive listening devices from 44.6% to 50.2%, there has been a gradual decrease in the use of other assistive technologies (44.5% to 44.2%). The broad range and combinations of vision and hearing loss of the children and youth on the National Deaf-Blind Child Count provide evidence of the heterogeneous nature of this population and their needs. Only about 1% of the population has a profound hearing loss and is totally blind. The other 99% have some residual hearing or vision. 15 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) Assistive technology plays an important role in the lives of children and youth who are deaf-blind, especially those with intensive support needs. Overall, the percentage of children and youth that use assistive technologies has remained constant over the past five years at about 45%. However, only about 30% of children and youth with no additional disabilities are reported to use additional assistive technologies while over 50% of children with four or more additional disabilities use additional assistive technologies. 16 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) Primary Classification of Vision Impairment State Low Vision Legally Blind Light Perception Only Totally Blind Diagnosed Progressive Vision Loss Further Testing Needed (1 year only) Documented Functional Vision Loss State Total Alabama 93 46 5 6 14 3 75 242 Alaska 7 5 0 1 2 0 1 16 Arizona 51 33 5 1 8 10 105 213 Arkansas 73 35 12 13 7 5 45 190 California 235 193 38 38 23 179 123 829 Colorado 70 36 9 3 10 18 0 146 Connecticut 14 24 3 2 5 6 2 56 Delaware 16 9 0 0 2 3 34 64 District of Columbia 3 0 0 0 1 2 14 20 Florida 233 99 39 22 31 0 160 584 Georgia 73 87 21 18 8 8 65 280 Hawaii 5 6 3 3 3 6 21 47 Idaho 13 10 4 2 5 6 15 55 Illinois 115 66 31 16 22 7 72 329 Indiana 71 41 17 8 6 5 48 196 Iowa 29 20 8 5 7 1 17 87 Kansas 22 31 3 1 4 8 28 97 Kentucky 52 38 22 4 1 0 5 122 Louisiana 17 21 2 6 7 32 11 96 Maine 20 5 0 3 2 3 7 40 Maryland 32 26 6 3 6 24 82 179 Massachusetts 85 63 11 8 14 22 24 227 Michigan 94 86 10 25 15 3 77 310 Minnesota 179 60 9 11 24 5 68 356 Mississippi 19 17 14 3 1 8 8 70 Missouri 65 42 15 8 12 3 78 223 17 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Low Vision Legally Blind Light Perception Only Totally Blind Diagnosed Progressive Vision Loss Further Testing Needed (1 year only) Documented Functional Vision Loss State Total Montana 9 15 1 3 6 0 8 42 Nebraska 40 33 6 2 8 1 8 98 Nevada 25 22 10 5 4 14 31 111 New Hampshire 35 11 0 1 1 10 13 71 New Jersey 110 58 21 10 7 9 16 231 New Mexico 53 18 6 5 3 2 43 130 New York 141 119 9 18 22 27 63 399 North Carolina 67 68 12 16 6 7 89 265 North Dakota 11 3 2 1 4 4 8 33 Ohio 86 104 21 30 18 45 101 405 Oklahoma 63 37 14 9 4 5 33 165 Oregon 34 20 1 5 10 4 21 95 Pacific Basin 8 3 3 6 2 11 13 46 Pennsylvania 173 117 16 16 21 106 164 613 Puerto Rico 11 6 7 7 2 0 1 34 Rhode Island 11 11 3 0 0 2 7 34 South Carolina 37 30 5 3 7 4 55 141 South Dakota 4 5 1 4 2 0 13 29 Tennessee 100 61 24 11 7 4 53 260 Texas 263 314 32 39 11 12 98 769 Utah 106 9 4 4 3 1 0 127 Vermont 3 3 2 1 0 0 13 22 Virgin Islands 2 5 0 0 0 0 16 23 Virginia 64 33 10 7 19 5 66 204 Washington 69 45 11 15 16 9 72 237 West Virginia 34 12 2 2 4 6 16 76 Wisconsin 24 34 9 6 8 5 43 129 Wyoming 15 8 2 0 3 5 8 41 National Total 3284 2303 521 436 438 665 2257 9904 18 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) Cortical Visual Impairment State Yes No Unknown/Missing State Total Alabama 11 231 0 242 Alaska 7 9 0 16 Arizona 124 75 14 213 Arkansas 69 121 0 190 California 157 402 270 829 Colorado 46 96 4 146 Connecticut 15 37 4 56 Delaware 32 32 0 64 District of Columbia 7 13 0 20 Florida 70 333 181 584 Georgia 102 153 25 280 Hawaii 15 29 3 47 Idaho 28 18 9 55 Illinois 100 198 31 329 Indiana 29 100 67 196 Iowa 21 66 0 87 Kansas 55 27 15 97 Kentucky 64 58 0 122 Louisiana 15 33 48 96 Maine 10 26 4 40 Maryland 53 126 0 179 Massachusetts 55 156 16 227 Michigan 81 229 0 310 Minnesota 107 248 1 356 Mississippi 16 29 25 70 Missouri 61 157 5 223 Montana 23 17 2 42 Nebraska 19 55 24 98 Nevada 26 37 48 111 New Hampshire 24 44 3 71 New Jersey 80 126 25 231 New Mexico 78 22 30 130 New York 99 167 133 399 North Carolina 11 14 240 265 North Dakota 6 16 11 33 Ohio 118 131 156 405 Oklahoma 59 86 20 165 Oregon 30 42 23 95 Pacific Basin 5 13 28 46 Pennsylvania 154 459 0 613 Puerto Rico 11 19 4 34 Rhode Island 16 15 3 34 South Carolina 47 67 27 141 South Dakota 8 21 0 29 Tennessee 88 172 0 260 Texas 241 440 88 769 19 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Yes No Unknown/Missing State Total Utah 54 73 0 127 Vermont 13 6 3 22 Virgin Islands 1 4 18 23 Virginia 52 148 4 204 Washington 84 83 70 237 West Virginia 34 42 0 76 Wisconsin 55 74 0 129 Wyoming 11 15 15 41 National Total 2797 5410 1697 9904 Corrective Lenses State Yes No Unknown/Missing State Total Alabama 130 111 1 242 Alaska 8 7 1 16 Arizona 72 91 50 213 Arkansas 80 104 6 190 California 390 267 172 829 Colorado 72 66 8 146 Connecticut 20 27 9 56 Delaware 27 26 11 64 District of Columbia 8 8 4 20 Florida 177 137 270 584 Georgia 137 139 4 280 Hawaii 8 30 9 47 Idaho 16 38 1 55 Illinois 173 141 15 329 Indiana 95 69 32 196 Iowa 35 41 11 87 Kansas 61 36 0 97 Kentucky 53 69 0 122 Louisiana 25 25 46 96 Maine 11 17 12 40 Maryland 85 81 13 179 Massachusetts 97 55 75 227 Michigan 153 157 0 310 Minnesota 181 154 21 356 Mississippi 29 35 6 70 Missouri 97 120 6 223 Montana 19 23 0 42 Nebraska 53 44 1 98 Nevada 52 56 3 111 New Hampshire 30 17 24 71 New Jersey 71 157 3 231 New Mexico 65 51 14 130 New York 90 77 232 399 North Carolina 114 141 10 265 20 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Yes No Unknown/Missing State Total North Dakota 19 12 2 33 Ohio 155 126 124 405 Oklahoma 73 86 6 165 Oregon 52 38 5 95 Pacific Basin 4 38 4 46 Pennsylvania 273 340 0 613 Puerto Rico 10 24 0 34 Rhode Island 14 19 1 34 South Carolina 59 65 17 141 South Dakota 14 13 2 29 Tennessee 95 142 23 260 Texas 367 0 402 769 Utah 66 61 0 127 Vermont 6 15 1 22 Virgin Islands 0 4 19 23 Virginia 89 81 34 204 Washington 113 113 11 237 West Virginia 38 25 13 76 Wisconsin 54 66 9 129 Wyoming 22 19 0 41 National Total 4257 3904 1743 9904 21 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) Primary Classification of Hearing Impairment State Mild Moderate Moderately Severe Severe Profound Diagnosed Progressive Loss Further Testing Needed (1 year only) Documented Functional Hearing Loss State Total Alabama 31 31 36 24 53 2 5 60 242 Alaska 0 4 7 2 2 0 0 1 16 Arizona 23 46 44 18 67 0 2 13 213 Arkansas 21 27 10 14 21 3 11 83 190 California 73 128 139 86 206 2 123 72 829 Colorado 26 45 26 17 29 1 2 0 146 Connecticut 15 10 7 1 19 1 3 0 56 Delaware 8 17 13 4 7 0 4 11 64 District of Columbia 0 5 3 1 2 0 5 4 20 Florida 97 105 76 63 127 2 10 104 584 Georgia 52 61 49 35 60 1 8 14 280 Hawaii 4 6 3 2 7 0 8 17 47 Idaho 12 12 11 6 9 0 2 3 55 Illinois 101 62 32 33 52 5 5 39 329 Indiana 31 38 30 18 34 0 7 38 196 Iowa 12 22 10 14 17 0 5 7 87 Kansas 13 18 12 8 16 1 6 23 97 Kentucky 21 23 20 14 27 0 0 17 122 Louisiana 13 8 12 9 14 0 32 8 96 Maine 6 8 10 1 6 0 5 4 40 Maryland 24 31 25 16 40 1 18 24 179 Massachusetts 38 48 39 20 33 4 29 16 227 Michigan 37 48 50 36 70 6 1 62 310 Minnesota 49 106 53 39 70 6 5 28 356 Mississippi 10 8 10 11 17 0 10 4 70 Missouri 26 46 51 22 34 4 8 32 223 22 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Mild Moderate Moderately Severe Severe Profound Diagnosed Progressive Loss Further Testing Needed (1 year only) Documented Functional Hearing Loss State Total Montana 8 7 5 2 4 3 3 10 42 Nebraska 7 21 17 20 29 0 0 4 98 Nevada 15 18 11 11 18 1 23 14 111 New Hampshire 11 13 8 7 6 0 20 6 71 New Jersey 23 67 40 29 52 0 3 17 231 New Mexico 23 37 16 16 23 3 4 8 130 New York 52 63 81 37 52 29 28 57 399 North Carolina 33 43 37 26 72 5 10 39 265 North Dakota 3 6 6 4 9 2 2 1 33 Ohio 35 38 30 29 65 4 132 72 405 Oklahoma 18 23 30 17 40 1 11 25 165 Oregon 14 30 17 13 16 0 2 3 95 Pacific Basin 7 3 3 2 9 0 6 16 46 Pennsylvania 93 107 77 45 94 7 130 60 613 Puerto Rico 2 7 6 6 11 1 0 1 34 Rhode Island 4 8 4 4 5 0 4 5 34 South Carolina 21 26 30 19 26 1 3 15 141 South Dakota 4 6 2 0 9 0 1 7 29 Tennessee 40 41 43 31 51 6 21 27 260 Texas 88 190 130 121 196 0 13 31 769 Utah 78 25 8 2 13 0 1 0 127 Vermont 5 4 1 2 9 0 0 1 22 Virgin Islands 2 3 0 0 2 0 0 16 23 Virginia 31 45 29 20 53 4 7 15 204 Washington 27 42 39 28 66 1 6 28 237 West Virginia 16 16 14 3 4 2 7 14 76 Wisconsin 13 31 17 8 31 2 5 22 129 Wyoming 6 6 6 3 13 0 3 4 41 National Total 1422 1889 1485 1019 2017 111 759 1202 9904 23 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) Central Auditory Processing Disorder State Yes No Unknown/ Missing State Total Alabama 2 239 1 242 Alaska 2 12 2 16 Arizona 2 186 25 213 Arkansas 2 66 122 190 California 54 312 463 829 Colorado 1 129 16 146 Connecticut 1 27 28 56 Delaware 0 31 33 64 District of Columbia 1 10 9 20 Florida 14 310 260 584 Georgia 19 199 62 280 Hawaii 0 35 12 47 Idaho 16 26 13 55 Illinois 3 255 71 329 Indiana 4 91 101 196 Iowa 1 48 38 87 Kansas 12 53 32 97 Kentucky 26 96 0 122 Louisiana 9 31 56 96 Maine 1 14 25 40 Maryland 2 142 35 179 Massachusetts 4 65 158 227 Michigan 28 282 0 310 Minnesota 6 256 94 356 Mississippi 2 51 17 70 Missouri 15 201 7 223 Montana 16 18 8 42 Nebraska 2 72 24 98 Nevada 6 42 63 111 New Hampshire 7 21 43 71 New Jersey 6 148 77 231 New Mexico 6 72 52 130 New York 14 159 226 399 North Carolina 33 153 79 265 North Dakota 2 26 5 33 Ohio 58 147 200 405 Oklahoma 7 112 46 165 Oregon 3 63 29 95 Pacific Basin 2 17 27 46 Pennsylvania 22 591 0 613 Puerto Rico 9 19 6 34 Rhode Island 1 23 10 34 South Carolina 3 38 100 141 South Dakota 0 29 0 29 Tennessee 11 235 14 260 25 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Yes No Unknown/ Missing State Total Texas 21 0 748 769 Utah 5 119 3 127 Vermont 1 13 8 22 Virgin Islands 0 4 19 23 Virginia 5 83 116 204 Washington 19 104 114 237 West Virginia 2 36 38 76 Wisconsin 16 70 43 129 Wyoming 2 21 18 41 National Total 506 5602 3796 9904 Auditory Neuropathy State Yes No Unknown/ Missing State Total Alabama 6 236 0 242 Alaska 1 13 2 16 Arizona 1 185 27 213 Arkansas 6 103 81 190 California 37 315 477 829 Colorado 5 129 12 146 Connecticut 5 24 27 56 Delaware 7 27 30 64 District of Columbia 1 11 8 20 Florida 27 285 272 584 Georgia 26 186 68 280 Hawaii 2 13 32 47 Idaho 4 32 19 55 Illinois 14 256 59 329 Indiana 7 65 124 196 Iowa 0 42 45 87 Kansas 7 64 26 97 Kentucky 0 122 0 122 Louisiana 7 34 55 96 Maine 1 20 19 40 Maryland 12 136 31 179 Massachusetts 4 96 127 227 Michigan 18 292 0 310 Minnesota 30 238 88 356 Mississippi 0 46 24 70 Missouri 15 199 9 223 Montana 4 28 10 42 Nebraska 6 68 24 98 Nevada 6 45 60 111 New Hampshire 5 24 42 71 New Jersey 21 135 75 231 26 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Yes No Unknown/ Missing State Total New Mexico 10 70 50 130 New York 22 107 270 399 North Carolina 17 166 82 265 North Dakota 0 26 7 33 Ohio 56 146 203 405 Oklahoma 15 110 40 165 Oregon 6 62 27 95 Pacific Basin 3 17 26 46 Pennsylvania 33 580 0 613 Puerto Rico 2 29 3 34 Rhode Island 1 30 3 34 South Carolina 9 69 63 141 South Dakota 1 28 0 29 Tennessee 9 221 30 260 Texas 34 0 735 769 Utah 12 109 6 127 Vermont 0 21 1 22 Virgin Islands 1 2 20 23 Virginia 10 88 106 204 Washington 12 102 123 237 West Virginia 3 36 37 76 Wisconsin 12 65 52 129 Wyoming 2 20 19 41 National Total 555 5573 3776 9904 Cochlear Implant State Yes No Unknown/Missing State Total Alabama 28 214 0 242 Alaska 3 12 1 16 Arizona 26 182 5 213 Arkansas 5 175 10 190 California 63 550 216 829 Colorado 14 131 1 146 Connecticut 9 29 18 56 Delaware 1 30 33 64 District of Columbia 2 9 9 20 Florida 48 391 145 584 Georgia 26 251 3 280 Hawaii 0 42 5 47 Idaho 7 45 3 55 Illinois 51 268 10 329 Indiana 28 151 17 196 Iowa 18 64 5 87 Kansas 18 77 2 97 27 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Yes No Unknown/Missing State Total Kentucky 17 105 0 122 Louisiana 15 41 40 96 Maine 3 25 12 40 Maryland 24 136 19 179 Massachusetts 11 108 108 227 Michigan 44 266 0 310 Minnesota 44 304 8 356 Mississippi 9 47 14 70 Missouri 34 182 7 223 Montana 3 38 1 42 Nebraska 15 83 0 98 Nevada 11 95 5 111 New Hampshire 0 37 34 71 New Jersey 25 204 2 231 New Mexico 3 108 19 130 New York 52 169 178 399 North Carolina 42 219 4 265 North Dakota 8 22 3 33 Ohio 59 241 105 405 Oklahoma 28 132 5 165 Oregon 9 76 10 95 Pacific Basin 0 44 2 46 Pennsylvania 67 546 0 613 Puerto Rico 1 33 0 34 Rhode Island 2 32 0 34 South Carolina 15 91 35 141 South Dakota 4 24 1 29 Tennessee 33 224 3 260 Texas 130 0 639 769 Utah 18 109 0 127 Vermont 4 18 0 22 Virgin Islands 1 7 15 23 Virginia 22 112 70 204 Washington 34 190 13 237 West Virginia 1 55 20 76 Wisconsin 16 102 11 129 Wyoming 4 36 1 41 National Total 1155 6882 1867 9904 Assistive Listening Devices State Yes No Unknown/Missing State Total Alabama 101 140 1 242 Alaska 13 3 0 16 Arizona 94 65 54 213 Arkansas 54 128 8 190 28 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Yes No Unknown/Missing State Total California 415 211 203 829 Colorado 114 31 1 146 Connecticut 33 13 10 56 Delaware 33 20 11 64 District of Columbia 9 7 4 20 Florida 205 107 272 584 Georgia 175 100 5 280 Hawaii 12 25 10 47 Idaho 33 22 0 55 Illinois 229 88 12 329 Indiana 87 74 35 196 Iowa 52 24 11 87 Kansas 42 54 1 97 Kentucky 78 44 0 122 Louisiana 19 28 49 96 Maine 17 8 15 40 Maryland 104 68 7 179 Massachusetts 88 44 95 227 Michigan 140 170 0 310 Minnesota 215 123 18 356 Mississippi 35 31 4 70 Missouri 143 76 4 223 Montana 17 22 3 42 Nebraska 64 33 1 98 Nevada 49 61 1 111 New Hampshire 30 17 24 71 New Jersey 111 114 6 231 New Mexico 61 45 24 130 New York 130 47 222 399 North Carolina 127 132 6 265 North Dakota 20 10 3 33 Ohio 148 127 130 405 Oklahoma 92 63 10 165 Oregon 69 19 7 95 Pacific Basin 6 36 4 46 Pennsylvania 335 278 0 613 Puerto Rico 10 24 0 34 Rhode Island 21 13 0 34 South Carolina 80 47 14 141 South Dakota 13 14 2 29 Tennessee 125 114 21 260 Texas 447 0 322 769 Utah 72 55 0 127 Vermont 15 7 0 22 Virgin Islands 2 2 19 23 Virginia 103 71 30 204 Washington 151 79 7 237 West Virginia 40 24 12 76 Wisconsin 75 43 11 129 Wyoming 21 20 0 41 National Total 4974 3221 1709 9904 29 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) Additional Assistive Technology State Yes No Unknown/Missing State Total Alabama 64 176 2 242 Alaska 9 7 0 16 Arizona 36 96 81 213 Arkansas 47 118 25 190 California 225 262 342 829 Colorado 68 67 11 146 Connecticut 18 22 16 56 Delaware 32 21 11 64 District of Columbia 6 10 4 20 Florida 117 84 383 584 Georgia 144 129 7 280 Hawaii 9 24 14 47 Idaho 19 34 2 55 Illinois 220 92 17 329 Indiana 71 69 56 196 Iowa 32 39 16 87 Kansas 67 30 0 97 Kentucky 95 27 0 122 Louisiana 35 15 46 96 Maine 8 12 20 40 Maryland 68 89 22 179 Massachusetts 51 64 112 227 Michigan 166 144 0 310 Minnesota 177 156 23 356 Mississippi 13 44 13 70 Missouri 117 98 8 223 Montana 25 16 1 42 Nebraska 66 30 2 98 Nevada 61 47 3 111 New Hampshire 18 24 29 71 New Jersey 77 143 11 231 New Mexico 33 64 33 130 New York 66 81 252 399 North Carolina 139 114 12 265 North Dakota 17 8 8 33 Ohio 166 101 138 405 Oklahoma 56 84 25 165 Oregon 41 45 9 95 Pacific Basin 10 32 4 46 Pennsylvania 320 293 0 613 Puerto Rico 29 5 0 34 30 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Yes No Unknown/Missing State Total Rhode Island 16 17 1 34 South Carolina 57 47 37 141 South Dakota 15 13 1 29 Tennessee 78 157 25 260 Texas 734 0 35 769 Utah 82 36 9 127 Vermont 18 4 0 22 Virgin Islands 2 1 20 23 Virginia 98 55 51 204 Washington 103 112 22 237 West Virginia 42 19 15 76 Wisconsin 63 53 13 129 Wyoming 35 6 0 41 National Total 4381 3536 1987 9904 Etiologies Over 70 specific etiologies are identified in the 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count. Some are exceedingly rare, with less than five cases. Others are much more prevalent. There are 12 etiologies with at least 100 cases. Complications from prematurity continues to be the most commonly identified etiology. The prevalence of CHARGE syndrome continues to increase. In 2018 there were 933 children and youth identified as having CHARGE syndrome. While still relatively rare, the prevalence of children with Stickler syndrome and Dandy Walker syndrome has also increased. About 19% of the children and youth have no determined etiology. Overall, the total number of children and youth identified with a prenatal congenital or postnatal non-congenital etiology has declined from 2,732 to 2,551 over the past five years, while the number with hereditary syndromes and disorders has increased from 3,945 to 4,482. Hereditary syndrome and disorders now account for 44.8% of all identified etiologies. Prenatal congenital complications account for 13.9% of identified etiologies and postnatal non-congenital complications account for 11.6% of identified etiologies. Complications from prematurity account for 10.5% of identified etiologies and 19.2% of the children and youth had no identified etiology at the time data was collected. Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS), which has long been associated with the development of the deaf-blind technical assistance system, is no longer a prevalent etiology. In 2018, there were 33 individuals whose etiology was identified as CRS, down from 89 in 2010. Over 75% of these individuals are over 10 years of age and over 50% are 15 years of age or older. The heterogeneous nature of the population cannot be overstated. The etiologies or causes of deaf-blindness bring unique issues and challenges. Some are relatively more common, such as CHARGE syndrome, Down syndrome, Usher syndrome, and Cytomegalovirus. Some are very rare, with less than five individuals reported nationally, such as Batten disease, Prader-Willi, and Kearns-Sayre syndrome. 31 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) Primary Identified Etiology Total Hereditary Syndromes/Disorders CHARGE syndrome 958 Usher syndrome (I,II,III) 345 Down syndrome (Trisomy 21 syndrome) 308 Stickler syndrome 130 Dandy Walker syndrome 119 Goldenhar syndrome 98 OTHER: Hereditary Syndrome/Disorders 2,719 Prenatal/Congenital Complications Cytomegalovirus (CMV) 293 Hydrocephaly 203 Microcephaly 211 OTHER: Pre-Natal/Congenital Complications 632 Postnatal/Non-Congenital Asphyxia 183 Severe Head Injury 137 Meningitis 132 OTHER: Post-Natal/ Non-Congenital 700 Complication of Prematurity 991 No Determination of Etiology 1,745 More detail about etiology is provided in the following four tables. 32 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) Etiology Detail: Hereditary Syndromes/Disorders State CHARGE Syndrome Dandy Walker Syndrome Down Syndrome Goldenhar Syndrome Stickler Syndrome Usher Syndrome (I,II,III) OTHER: Hereditary Syndromes/ Disorders Alabama 5 1 7 2 1 2 159 Alaska 5 0 1 0 0 1 4 Arizona 26 5 3 5 4 7 57 Arkansas 8 3 8 1 0 1 54 California 85 5 36 5 11 28 202 Colorado 11 4 9 1 3 8 51 Connecticut 9 0 1 0 0 5 17 Delaware 2 3 1 0 0 0 10 District of Columbia 2 0 0 0 1 1 2 Florida 60 3 20 5 5 17 103 Georgia 23 6 7 4 8 7 71 Hawaii 2 0 1 0 2 0 10 Idaho 5 1 3 2 1 3 13 Illinois 38 4 13 5 4 22 70 Indiana 22 6 1 2 3 7 36 Iowa 17 2 3 1 1 7 17 Kansas 5 0 2 1 1 2 41 Kentucky 17 0 2 1 2 5 14 Louisiana 5 0 2 0 1 10 19 Maine 9 0 0 0 0 1 13 Maryland 20 2 3 3 2 2 39 Massachusetts 26 1 9 0 1 13 81 Michigan 36 5 12 3 5 13 80 Minnesota 36 3 14 2 16 18 117 Mississippi 4 1 3 0 0 0 32 Missouri 23 3 6 3 10 4 59 Montana 3 0 0 0 1 4 17 Nebraska 9 0 2 2 1 6 29 Nevada 7 4 4 1 1 3 36 33 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State CHARGE Syndrome Dandy Walker Syndrome Down Syndrome Goldenhar Syndrome Stickler Syndrome Usher Syndrome (I,II,III) OTHER: Hereditary Syndromes/ Disorders New Hampshire 4 2 7 0 0 1 25 New Jersey 35 4 6 1 0 11 51 New Mexico 5 0 8 2 2 0 47 New York 54 5 4 3 3 20 90 North Carolina 34 4 8 3 1 5 63 North Dakota 5 0 1 0 0 3 10 Ohio 34 5 1 6 7 12 73 Oklahoma 6 2 9 1 0 8 37 Oregon 10 1 1 1 3 2 41 Pacific Basin 1 0 2 0 0 0 2 Pennsylvania 42 2 20 7 6 13 160 Puerto Rico 1 2 0 1 0 1 9 Rhode Island 0 2 2 2 0 1 6 South Carolina 23 2 3 4 5 5 38 South Dakota 4 0 3 1 0 2 3 Tennessee 28 3 6 2 5 7 77 Texas 88 10 32 11 2 24 274 Utah 8 2 3 1 1 5 35 Vermont 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 Virgin Islands 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Virginia 17 1 4 1 4 9 50 Washington 15 6 6 1 3 12 96 West Virginia 4 1 2 1 3 2 21 Wisconsin 15 2 2 0 0 4 24 Wyoming 4 1 5 0 0 1 23 National Total 958 119 308 98 130 345 2719 34 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) Etiology Detail: Prenatal/Congenital Complications State Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Hydrocephaly Microcephaly OTHER: Prenatal/ Congenital Complications Alabama 4 6 0 14 Alaska 0 0 0 3 Arizona 17 1 3 19 Arkansas 6 8 5 24 California 11 13 25 52 Colorado 4 5 2 5 Connecticut 2 1 1 2 Delaware 2 3 3 6 District of Columbia 1 1 0 3 Florida 9 10 8 30 Georgia 7 4 3 16 Hawaii 1 1 1 3 Idaho 1 2 0 4 Illinois 9 12 6 31 Indiana 11 2 3 9 Iowa 2 1 4 4 Kansas 0 3 1 7 Kentucky 9 0 0 15 Louisiana 5 2 1 3 Maine 0 1 1 2 Maryland 8 1 2 9 Massachusetts 5 5 8 7 Michigan 10 6 10 9 Minnesota 16 6 4 14 Mississippi 1 3 1 4 Missouri 10 5 6 11 Montana 3 0 1 2 Nebraska 4 4 2 3 Nevada 1 4 5 13 New Hampshire 6 0 6 4 New Jersey 4 4 5 23 New Mexico 4 6 1 11 New York 14 8 5 22 North Carolina 5 4 6 12 North Dakota 1 2 2 1 Ohio 7 7 10 18 Oklahoma 8 9 5 11 Oregon 8 1 1 7 Pacific Basin 0 0 1 5 Pennsylvania 11 12 14 81 Puerto Rico 1 3 5 0 Rhode Island 0 2 1 4 South Carolina 4 4 0 9 South Dakota 1 0 0 0 35 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Hydrocephaly Microcephaly OTHER: Prenatal/ Congenital Complications Tennessee 10 2 7 12 Texas 21 18 15 35 Utah 5 3 1 10 Vermont 1 1 1 1 Virgin Islands 0 0 0 2 Virginia 7 2 1 16 Washington 7 0 14 16 West Virginia 2 3 3 5 Wisconsin 7 2 1 3 Wyoming 0 0 0 0 National Total 293 203 211 632 Etiology Detail: Postnatal/Non-Congenital Complications State Asphyxia Meningitis Severe Head Injury OTHER: Postnatal/Non- Congenital Alabama 0 2 0 19 Alaska 0 0 0 2 Arizona 0 6 2 6 Arkansas 3 4 11 15 California 11 10 3 44 Colorado 2 4 0 19 Connecticut 1 0 1 5 Delaware 3 2 1 10 District of Columbia 1 1 0 3 Florida 1 4 0 42 Georgia 15 2 3 17 Hawaii 0 1 0 6 Idaho 0 0 3 4 Illinois 7 5 7 18 Indiana 1 2 4 4 Iowa 2 1 3 7 Kansas 1 1 3 9 Kentucky 4 2 3 9 Louisiana 2 0 1 8 Maine 2 0 2 4 Maryland 1 0 3 12 Massachusetts 2 1 4 10 Michigan 16 6 6 12 Minnesota 6 8 5 14 Mississippi 0 1 1 4 Missouri 2 2 2 26 Montana 1 0 1 5 Nebraska 1 4 1 7 Nevada 4 0 3 9 36 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Asphyxia Meningitis Severe Head Injury OTHER: Postnatal/Non- Congenital New Hampshire 2 1 1 2 New Jersey 9 2 4 18 New Mexico 6 1 3 3 New York 7 5 2 31 North Carolina 1 4 3 25 North Dakota 0 1 0 1 Ohio 7 0 4 21 Oklahoma 6 3 5 14 Oregon 1 0 1 5 Pacific Basin 0 4 2 1 Pennsylvania 8 3 8 75 Puerto Rico 1 1 1 3 Rhode Island 2 1 0 1 South Carolina 0 1 2 6 South Dakota 1 1 3 0 Tennessee 8 9 10 22 Texas 8 10 6 52 Utah 5 3 0 13 Vermont 3 2 0 0 Virgin Islands 0 0 0 2 Virginia 6 5 2 24 Washington 7 3 2 10 West Virginia 1 1 0 13 Wisconsin 5 2 5 8 Wyoming 0 0 0 0 National Total 183 132 137 700 Etiology Detail: Other State Complication of Prematurity No Determination of Etiology Combined Etiology Detail State Total Alabama 3 17 242 Alaska 0 0 16 Arizona 17 35 213 Arkansas 20 19 190 California 66 222 829 Colorado 4 14 146 Connecticut 9 2 56 Delaware 10 8 64 District of Columbia 2 2 20 Florida 54 213 584 Georgia 53 34 280 Hawaii 4 15 47 Idaho 6 7 55 Illinois 41 37 329 Indiana 24 59 196 37 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Complication of Prematurity No Determination of Etiology Combined Etiology Detail State Total Iowa 8 7 87 Kansas 7 13 97 Kentucky 25 14 122 Louisiana 8 29 96 Maine 1 4 40 Maryland 26 46 179 Massachusetts 17 37 227 Michigan 38 43 310 Minnesota 38 39 356 Mississippi 9 6 70 Missouri 22 29 223 Montana 2 2 42 Nebraska 13 10 98 Nevada 5 11 111 New Hampshire 5 5 71 New Jersey 19 35 231 New Mexico 16 15 130 New York 44 82 399 North Carolina 39 48 265 North Dakota 0 6 33 Ohio 32 161 405 Oklahoma 19 22 165 Oregon 3 9 95 Pacific Basin 0 28 46 Pennsylvania 58 93 613 Puerto Rico 5 0 34 Rhode Island 9 1 34 South Carolina 11 24 141 South Dakota 2 8 29 Tennessee 32 20 260 Texas 97 66 769 Utah 14 18 127 Vermont 0 2 22 Virgin Islands 2 16 23 Virginia 13 42 204 Washington 20 19 237 West Virginia 5 9 76 Wisconsin 14 35 129 Wyoming 0 7 41 National Total 991 1745 9904 Additional Disabilities The nature and prevalence of additional disabilities faced by the children and youth on the National Deaf-Blind Child Count have remained relatively stable during the past 5 years. Approximately 87% have been identified as having one or more additional disabilities. Most common are cognitive impairments, orthopedic impairments, and complex health care needs. 38 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) The percentage of children and youth who have orthopedic or physical disabilities has fluctuated between 59% and 61% during this time frame. Similarly, the percentage with intellectual/cognitive disabilities has fluctuated between 65% and 68%. Slightly fewer have complex health care needs, fluctuating between 51% and 53%. The number of children with additional disabilities has increased over time. In 2005, just 13.1% of the children and youth on the count had four or more additional disabilities. In 2018, nearly 42% were reported as having four or more additional disabilities. Conversely, more children and youth are also being identified with no additional disabilities. This group of children and youth has increased from 11.1% to 13.2% of the overall population over the past five years. 39 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) Other (Additional) Disabilities State Orthopedic Physical Impairments Cognitive Impairments Behavioral Disorders Complex Health Care Needs Speech Language Impairments Other Impairments State Total One or More Additional Disabilities Alabama 97 120 36 77 170 57 186 Alaska 10 11 1 9 13 0 14 Arizona 118 148 5 73 174 22 187 Arkansas 160 169 14 145 183 29 185 California 398 500 121 390 590 259 720 Colorado 72 75 2 76 89 30 131 Connecticut 21 23 6 17 35 4 40 Delaware 34 28 1 24 31 0 35 District of Columbia 8 9 1 9 15 0 15 Florida 220 246 37 199 347 83 413 Georgia 72 240 4 48 109 28 265 Hawaii 26 33 5 31 33 2 43 Idaho 45 44 11 39 49 22 50 Illinois 218 212 19 144 208 19 291 Indiana 91 118 13 96 147 28 168 Iowa 53 59 20 57 65 5 78 Kansas 72 78 17 73 86 43 91 Kentucky 75 93 5 80 118 2 119 Louisiana 52 48 12 38 55 13 65 Maine 22 18 2 20 27 4 29 Maryland 115 125 20 89 141 24 162 Massachusetts 91 95 27 99 131 18 146 Michigan 211 250 57 169 258 307 310 Minnesota 239 248 66 210 298 11 326 Mississippi 51 51 3 46 58 12 66 Missouri 163 167 13 147 196 13 216 Montana 31 32 5 24 39 10 41 Nebraska 59 67 10 56 87 37 95 Nevada 78 82 17 74 98 4 105 New Hampshire 35 30 7 29 39 9 44 New Jersey 150 111 40 137 189 8 215 40 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Orthopedic Physical Impairments Cognitive Impairments Behavioral Disorders Complex Health Care Needs Speech Language Impairments Other Impairments State Total One or More Additional Disabilities New Mexico 93 101 13 84 113 31 122 New York 226 209 34 173 169 80 318 North Carolina 166 207 19 152 214 9 260 North Dakota 17 19 2 16 21 3 27 Ohio 191 204 34 171 218 52 275 Oklahoma 100 133 8 78 145 26 162 Oregon 63 62 5 45 71 12 84 Pacific Basin 16 25 5 17 40 6 42 Pennsylvania 428 458 63 383 539 82 579 Puerto Rico 21 19 5 27 30 10 33 Rhode Island 30 27 0 24 31 8 33 South Carolina 89 93 7 79 108 16 125 South Dakota 14 20 2 13 25 2 26 Tennessee 195 209 8 164 236 46 253 Texas 460 461 35 383 626 213 693 Utah 100 111 6 64 118 4 121 Vermont 20 20 2 16 21 0 22 Virgin Islands 4 3 1 2 4 1 6 Virginia 89 99 17 82 117 33 134 Washington 181 179 15 167 222 78 224 West Virginia 35 20 2 27 45 5 48 Wisconsin 89 80 23 86 99 12 113 Wyoming 33 36 13 28 38 11 41 National Total 5747 6325 916 5006 7328 1843 8592 41 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) Part C Information Because Part C is non-categorical, most infants and toddlers are identified as developmentally delayed. Some states provide an “at risk” category. About 19% of infants and toddlers on the National Deaf-Blind Child Count are identified as at risk. Almost all receive intervention services in the home. IDEA Part C Reported Category State At-Risk Developmentally Delayed Not Reported Under Part C Unknown/ Missing State Total Alabama 0 29 2 0 31 Alaska 0 2 0 0 2 Arizona 4 6 0 8 18 Arkansas 0 0 3 0 3 California 29 5 2 10 46 Colorado 0 15 0 1 16 Connecticut 0 5 1 0 6 Delaware 0 0 0 1 1 District of Columbia 0 0 0 0 0 Florida 0 13 0 3 16 Georgia 16 0 0 1 17 Hawaii 0 0 0 0 0 Idaho 0 2 0 0 2 Illinois 7 4 0 0 11 Indiana 1 12 0 0 13 Iowa 4 1 1 0 6 Kansas 0 6 0 0 6 Kentucky 0 10 0 0 10 Louisiana 0 2 0 3 5 Maine 1 3 0 0 4 Maryland 1 1 0 0 2 Massachusetts 0 6 0 0 6 Michigan 3 5 0 0 8 Minnesota 5 13 0 0 18 Mississippi 1 7 0 0 8 Missouri 6 11 0 0 17 Montana 2 1 0 0 3 Nebraska 0 1 1 0 2 Nevada 0 17 0 0 17 New Hampshire 0 3 0 1 4 New Jersey 0 7 1 0 8 New Mexico 0 9 0 0 9 New York 8 6 1 0 15 North Carolina 3 2 2 0 7 North Dakota 0 3 0 0 3 Ohio 0 3 0 0 3 Oklahoma 0 9 1 0 10 Oregon 3 3 0 6 12 Pacific Basin 0 0 0 0 0 Pennsylvania 7 109 1 0 117 Puerto Rico 0 4 0 0 4 Rhode Island 0 2 0 0 2 42 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State At-Risk Developmentally Delayed Not Reported Under Part C Unknown/ Missing State Total South Carolina 4 5 0 1 10 South Dakota 0 1 2 0 3 Tennessee 5 33 0 0 38 Texas 4 39 6 0 49 Utah 1 12 0 0 13 Vermont 0 0 0 0 0 Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 0 Virginia 2 7 0 0 9 Washington 6 9 0 2 17 West Virginia 0 10 0 0 10 Wisconsin 1 5 0 0 6 Wyoming 0 4 0 0 4 National Total 124 462 24 37 647 Early Intervention Setting (Ages Birth through 2) State Home Community-based Setting Other Setting Unknown/ Missing State Total Alabama 27 3 1 0 31 Alaska 1 0 1 0 2 Arizona 18 0 0 0 18 Arkansas 0 2 1 0 3 California 37 5 0 5 47 Colorado 14 1 1 0 16 Connecticut 6 0 0 0 6 Delaware 0 0 0 1 1 District of Columbia 0 0 0 0 0 Florida 16 0 0 0 16 Georgia 15 0 0 2 17 Hawaii 0 0 0 0 0 Idaho 2 0 0 0 2 Illinois 10 0 1 0 11 Indiana 12 1 0 0 13 Iowa 5 0 1 0 6 Kansas 6 0 0 0 6 Kentucky 10 0 0 0 10 Louisiana 2 0 0 3 5 Maine 3 0 1 0 4 Maryland 2 0 0 0 2 Massachusetts 6 0 0 0 6 Michigan 7 1 0 0 8 Minnesota 15 3 0 0 18 Mississippi 2 5 1 0 8 Missouri 17 0 0 0 17 Montana 2 1 0 0 3 Nebraska 1 0 0 1 2 Nevada 17 0 0 0 17 New Hampshire 2 0 0 2 4 New Jersey 8 0 0 0 8 43 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Home Community-based Setting Other Setting Unknown/ Missing State Total New Mexico 8 0 1 0 9 New York 8 4 4 4 20 North Carolina 1 0 0 3 4 North Dakota 2 0 1 0 3 Ohio 3 0 0 0 3 Oklahoma 9 0 0 1 10 Oregon 11 0 0 1 12 Pacific Basin 0 0 0 0 0 Pennsylvania 107 2 8 0 117 Puerto Rico 4 0 0 0 4 Rhode Island 1 0 1 0 2 South Carolina 8 0 2 0 10 South Dakota 3 0 0 0 3 Tennessee 33 5 0 0 38 Texas 44 4 1 0 49 Utah 13 0 0 0 13 Vermont 8 1 0 0 9 Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 0 Virginia 0 0 0 0 0 Washington 14 0 2 1 17 West Virginia 10 0 0 0 10 Wisconsin 2 0 0 4 6 Wyoming 4 0 0 0 4 National Total 556 38 28 28 650 44 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) Part B Information Over two-thirds of all the children and youth in Part B have one of 4 disability category designations: Multiple Disability (39.9%), Deaf-Blind (18.8%), Hearing Impaired (8.9%), or Visually Impaired (4.9%). This distribution has remained essentially unchanged for the past five years. The percentage of young children, aged 3 to 5, educated in a regular early childhood education setting some portion of the day has doubled in the past decade from less than 15% to 32%. Over 64% of school-age children and youth in special education are being served at least a portion of their day in a regular classroom in their local school. The continued trend toward educational placement in inclusive settings, especially at the pre-school level, is significant and positive for children and families. The trend does, however, have profound implications on the need for information, resources, and access to expertise in deaf-blindness being available at a local level. During the 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count data review process a coding issue was discovered related to Part B Educational Setting fields for Early Childhood (age 3-5) and School Aged (age 6-21). Some state deaf-blind projects were using an older set of codes and some were using a newer set. A few were using a mix of the two. Significant efforts were made by the national and state projects to identify the codes used and cross-walk the codes into common reporting code values. However, it does bear mentioning that irregularities that may be found in these numbers could be due to the inconsistent code issue. 45 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) IDEA Part B Reported Category (Part 1 of 2) State Intellectual Disability Hearing Impairment Speech Language Impairment Visual Impairme nt Emotional Disturbance Orthopedic Impairment Other Health Impairment Specific Learning Disability Alabama 6 56 4 21 7 3 3 2 Alaska 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 Arizona 0 10 0 4 0 0 0 0 Arkansas 4 10 0 6 0 0 7 2 California 11 37 2 29 2 13 2 0 Colorado 1 3 0 1 0 2 8 0 Connecticut 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 Delaware 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 District of Columbia 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 Florida 55 62 1 13 0 1 11 0 Georgia 96 20 0 12 1 2 32 2 Hawaii 1 2 0 1 0 0 2 0 Idaho 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 Illinois 0 20 0 0 0 4 37 0 Indiana 4 24 1 21 0 3 3 0 Iowa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 Kansas 1 1 0 2 0 0 6 0 Kentucky 0 10 0 5 0 0 1 1 Louisiana 5 8 0 1 0 1 3 1 Maine 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 Maryland 1 10 0 2 0 0 18 0 Massachusetts 1 11 3 4 0 0 4 1 Michigan 13 34 1 9 1 0 21 1 Minnesota 9 19 0 3 1 0 9 0 Mississippi 1 3 0 0 0 1 1 0 Missouri 6 8 2 8 0 0 21 0 Montana 2 1 0 3 0 0 3 1 Nebraska 2 8 0 2 0 0 16 0 Nevada 2 6 0 0 0 0 7 0 46 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Intellectual Disability Hearing Impairment Speech Language Impairment Visual Impairment Emotional Disturbance Orthopedic Impairment Other Health Impairment Specific Learning Disability New Hampshire 1 4 1 2 0 2 2 0 New Jersey 1 5 0 1 0 0 2 0 New Mexico 2 9 2 7 0 0 4 1 New York 0 41 61 19 2 0 12 0 North Carolina 15 10 1 6 0 0 11 1 North Dakota 6 3 2 3 0 0 10 0 Ohio 6 26 3 43 1 2 12 2 Oklahoma 0 13 0 12 0 1 1 0 Oregon 11 11 1 11 0 8 7 0 Pacific Basin 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 Pennsylvania 20 65 8 42 2 2 29 7 Puerto Rico 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 Rhode Island 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 South Carolina 10 26 0 8 0 2 10 0 South Dakota 0 2 3 2 0 0 0 0 Tennessee 13 17 1 6 0 1 13 0 Texas 75 79 1 61 0 9 111 0 Utah 0 1 0 2 0 0 4 1 Vermont 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 Virgin Islands 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Virginia 6 19 0 12 1 0 17 2 Washington 3 9 0 5 0 0 34 0 West Virginia 5 5 0 7 0 1 6 0 Wisconsin 9 17 1 6 0 4 23 0 Wyoming 0 1 1 1 0 0 4 0 National Total 407 743 100 408 18 62 540 34 47 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) IDEA Part B Reported Category (Part 2 of 2) State Deaf- Blindness Multiple Disabilities Autism Traumatic Brain Injury Develop­ mentally Delayed (optional age 3 - 9) Non- Categorical Unknown/ Not Reported Under Part B State Total Alabama 35 52 1 1 8 0 12 211 Alaska 8 3 0 0 1 0 0 14 Arizona 50 117 0 1 0 0 13 195 Arkansas 5 134 1 5 6 0 7 187 California 36 14 13 22 2 1 32 216 Colorado 41 59 4 0 1 0 10 130 Connecticut 12 27 1 1 3 0 1 50 Delaware 50 0 1 0 0 0 11 63 District of Columbia 3 9 0 0 1 0 0 17 Florida 47 219 0 5 34 0 1 449 Georgia 43 6 8 0 40 1 0 263 Hawaii 2 32 0 0 0 0 7 47 Idaho 9 30 0 0 9 0 3 53 Illinois 74 148 31 0 0 0 4 318 Indiana 23 95 1 1 4 0 3 183 Iowa 0 0 0 0 0 67 5 81 Kansas 17 49 1 1 8 0 4 90 Kentucky 13 63 1 0 16 0 2 112 Louisiana 4 24 0 1 4 0 7 59 Maine 5 14 0 0 12 1 0 36 Maryland 16 102 2 0 9 1 3 164 Massachusetts 75 54 3 0 60 3 2 221 Michigan 25 172 4 2 2 3 14 302 Minnesota 125 126 2 3 41 0 0 338 Mississippi 7 35 0 0 11 0 3 62 Missouri 24 96 0 2 19 2 18 206 Montana 8 12 0 1 7 1 0 39 Nebraska 22 35 1 1 9 0 0 96 Nevada 11 59 2 2 3 0 2 94 48 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Deaf- Blindness Multiple Disabilities Autism Traumatic Brain Injury Develop­ mentally Delayed (optional age 3 - 9) Non- Categorical Unknown/ Not Reported Under Part B State Total New Hampshire 11 15 1 1 26 0 1 67 New Jersey 23 153 0 1 18 4 15 223 New Mexico 12 78 1 0 5 0 0 121 New York 34 79 0 5 16 1 6 276 North Carolina 36 131 0 3 11 0 0 225 North Dakota 2 0 1 0 0 3 0 30 Ohio 41 228 4 7 3 24 0 402 Oklahoma 20 59 2 0 33 0 14 155 Oregon 15 2 2 1 3 0 10 82 Pacific Basin 14 25 0 0 0 0 2 46 Pennsylvania 82 188 7 7 25 3 9 496 Puerto Rico 5 20 0 0 0 0 0 30 Rhode Island 5 24 0 0 0 0 0 32 South Carolina 12 36 0 0 14 0 5 123 South Dakota 2 16 0 0 0 0 1 26 Tennessee 18 119 3 0 20 0 11 222 Texas 347 20 7 3 4 3 0 720 Utah 11 85 0 0 7 0 2 113 Vermont 2 4 1 0 10 0 0 22 Virgin Islands 0 1 0 0 0 0 20 23 Virginia 24 92 4 0 14 2 2 195 Washington 27 118 0 1 10 0 13 220 West Virginia 25 6 0 0 10 1 0 66 Wisconsin 14 28 0 2 8 0 11 123 Wyoming 1 29 0 0 0 0 0 37 National Total 1573 3342 110 80 547 121 286 8371 49 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) Educational Setting: ECSE (3 to 5) Settings State Regular EC Setting 80% of Time Regular EC Setting 40 to 79% of Time Regular EC Setting < 40% of Time Separate Class Separate School Residential Facility Service Provider Location Home Unknown/ Missing State Total Alabama 9 0 0 3 1 1 1 3 0 18 Alaska 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Arizona 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 4 7 15 Arkansas 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 2 1 12 California 3 1 1 19 6 0 0 7 11 48 Colorado 14 1 0 4 5 0 0 1 2 27 Connecticut 4 0 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 9 Delaware 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 9 District of Columbia 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Florida 6 0 0 10 6 0 0 2 0 24 Georgia 3 1 1 31 0 1 0 2 0 39 Hawaii 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 Idaho 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 4 Illinois 3 3 8 7 5 1 0 4 0 31 Indiana 4 0 0 3 3 0 0 4 0 14 Iowa 3 1 1 0 1 0 0 4 1 11 Kansas 10 2 2 0 3 0 0 1 0 18 Kentucky 8 0 3 1 2 0 0 1 0 15 Louisiana 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 5 Maine 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 5 Maryland 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 4 Massachusetts 1 1 2 5 2 0 0 7 8 26 Michigan 9 1 0 0 12 0 0 1 6 29 Minnesota 8 8 1 8 4 1 0 2 0 32 Mississippi 1 0 2 2 0 0 2 4 0 11 Missouri 2 2 4 6 11 0 1 2 16 44 Montana 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 4 Nebraska 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 5 Nevada 0 0 1 3 5 0 0 6 1 16 50 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Regular EC Setting 80% of Time Regular EC Setting 40 to 79% of Time Regular EC Setting < 40% of Time Separate Class Separate School Residential Facility Service Provider Location Home Unknown/ Missing State Total New Hampshire 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 9 0 12 New Jersey 8 1 3 3 5 1 0 0 3 24 New Mexico 10 1 3 0 6 0 1 5 1 27 New York 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 16 19 North Carolina 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 23 26 North Dakota 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 7 Ohio 15 1 1 0 2 0 0 3 1 23 Oklahoma 8 1 1 3 3 4 1 1 3 25 Oregon 2 0 3 0 3 0 0 2 2 12 Pacific Basin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4 Pennsylvania 17 1 2 19 53 1 2 38 8 141 Puerto Rico 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Rhode Island 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 5 South Carolina 5 1 3 4 6 0 0 4 1 24 South Dakota 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 Tennessee 5 0 2 12 8 0 0 8 5 40 Texas 47 7 3 8 15 3 0 4 5 92 Utah 1 0 3 7 10 0 0 4 0 25 Vermont 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 Virginia 9 6 0 4 1 0 0 3 0 23 Washington 4 1 2 8 1 1 0 2 14 33 West Virginia 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 3 0 7 Wisconsin 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 8 2 13 Wyoming 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 National Total 239 50 57 179 199 29 9 171 145 1078 51 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) Educational Setting: School Aged (6 to 21) Settings State Regular Class > 80% Regular Class 40 to 79% Regular Class < 40% Separate School Residential Facility Homebound Hospital Parentally Placed Private School Unknown /Missing State Total Alabama 39 11 42 43 49 7 1 1 193 Alaska 3 1 9 0 0 0 0 0 13 Arizona 15 16 91 53 0 4 0 2 181 Arkansas 6 12 123 4 24 29 0 7 205 California 150 55 322 162 7 48 0 108 852 Colorado 14 22 45 14 7 7 0 10 119 Connecticut 9 7 21 4 1 8 0 0 50 Delaware 0 5 1 6 34 7 0 1 54 District of Columbia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Florida 57 23 168 61 0 18 0 1 328 Georgia 33 18 149 26 2 9 7 10 254 Hawaii 5 3 36 3 1 4 0 0 52 Idaho 6 4 11 10 2 5 0 12 50 Illinois 33 28 138 45 14 15 5 26 304 Indiana 42 18 79 11 10 4 19 10 193 Iowa 10 9 28 12 0 1 0 14 74 Kansas 1 11 7 50 3 6 0 1 79 Kentucky 19 26 53 6 8 7 6 0 125 Louisiana 7 2 21 4 8 11 1 0 54 Maine 10 8 6 13 2 0 0 0 39 Maryland 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Massachusetts 32 29 66 53 3 20 1 2 206 Michigan 50 24 38 118 2 9 11 5 257 Minnesota 55 51 150 41 11 20 2 0 330 Mississippi 4 2 25 6 3 15 0 0 55 Missouri 28 33 48 53 0 13 10 0 185 Montana 4 16 8 4 1 3 5 3 44 Nebraska 1 23 28 32 6 4 1 0 95 Nevada 8 3 45 13 0 11 3 4 87 New Hampshire 19 12 9 7 7 5 1 1 61 New Jersey 19 10 31 126 2 3 0 0 191 52 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Regular Class > 80% Regular Class 40 to 79% Regular Class < 40% Separate School Residential Facility Homebound Hospital Parentally Placed Private School Unknown /Missing State Total New Mexico 23 6 30 25 1 8 1 0 94 New York 41 13 76 53 35 5 3 96 322 North Carolina 10 80 60 46 23 28 0 4 251 North Dakota 7 6 5 1 3 0 0 1 23 Ohio 87 30 101 115 7 15 2 34 391 Oklahoma 16 12 68 11 6 20 0 8 141 Oregon 16 10 33 1 2 4 1 11 78 Pacific Basin 4 16 15 0 0 11 0 1 47 Pennsylvania 79 48 115 124 6 25 1 6 404 Puerto Rico 2 1 8 5 3 8 2 0 29 Rhode Island 5 1 11 6 3 2 1 0 29 South Carolina 6 9 43 19 13 17 4 1 112 South Dakota 3 2 4 4 6 5 1 0 25 Tennessee 21 21 87 36 4 29 9 1 208 Texas 119 67 325 32 25 69 0 70 707 Utah 10 4 27 48 0 6 0 1 96 Vermont 2 3 6 1 1 2 0 0 15 Virgin Islands 0 0 8 1 0 0 0 11 20 Virginia 37 18 76 21 15 11 0 4 182 Washington 30 13 120 5 7 15 5 0 195 West Virginia 14 18 9 0 13 7 0 0 61 Wisconsin 22 15 47 10 2 10 4 8 118 Wyoming 4 4 25 0 0 2 1 0 36 National Total 1237 879 3097 1544 382 592 108 473 8314 Data Note: Due to data system problems DC and MD data were not included in this table. 53 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Assessments State Regular Grade- Level State Assessment Regular with Accommodations Alternative Assessments Not Required at Age/Grade Level or Parent Opt Out Unknown/ Missing State Total Alabama 6 66 100 69 1 242 Alaska 0 0 7 8 1 16 Arizona 31 0 125 57 0 213 Arkansas 0 18 97 75 0 190 California 22 106 281 285 135 829 Colorado 4 13 54 74 1 146 Connecticut 0 4 11 41 0 56 Delaware 2 4 15 38 5 64 District of Columbia 1 3 5 4 7 20 Florida 14 106 175 57 232 584 Georgia 4 38 142 78 18 280 Hawaii 0 1 16 25 5 47 Idaho 2 2 0 25 26 55 Illinois 5 50 141 133 0 329 Indiana 4 60 86 46 0 196 Iowa 1 19 41 26 0 87 Kansas 0 12 38 44 3 97 Kentucky 1 16 64 41 0 122 Louisiana 4 3 12 34 43 96 Maine 0 1 6 33 0 40 Maryland 0 40 86 25 28 179 Massachusetts 3 5 102 116 1 227 Michigan 3 45 174 88 0 310 Minnesota 4 51 179 122 0 356 Mississippi 0 7 26 37 0 70 Missouri 2 40 76 105 0 223 Montana 0 7 19 16 0 42 Nebraska 2 19 47 30 0 98 Nevada 1 11 45 54 0 111 New Hampshire 2 0 16 53 0 71 New Jersey 4 23 156 47 1 231 New Mexico 5 10 103 12 0 130 54 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Regular Grade- Level State Assessment Regular with Accommodations Alternative Assessments Not Required at Age/Grade Level or Parent Opt Out Unknown/ Missing State Total New York 8 38 79 139 135 399 North Carolina 13 34 117 96 5 265 North Dakota 1 5 5 22 0 33 Ohio 10 82 166 147 0 405 Oklahoma 1 7 64 91 2 165 Oregon 2 9 23 58 3 95 Pacific Basin 2 2 22 20 0 46 Pennsylvania 9 64 151 389 0 613 Puerto Rico 0 2 12 16 4 34 Rhode Island 2 1 15 16 0 34 South Carolina 3 25 41 67 5 141 South Dakota 6 2 9 12 0 29 Tennessee 5 20 70 153 12 260 Texas 50 66 296 354 3 769 Utah 10 6 55 56 0 127 Vermont 0 1 9 12 0 22 Virgin Islands 0 1 3 3 16 23 Virginia 11 25 94 72 2 204 Washington 8 24 99 106 0 237 West Virginia 0 13 38 25 0 76 Wisconsin 2 17 44 37 29 129 Wyoming 0 1 25 15 0 41 National Total 270 1225 3882 3804 723 9904 55 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) Educational Supports Interveners are key players in providing access to a child or youth who is deaf-blind. They provide access to information, the environment, communication, and conceptual learning. While it is encouraging to see that 726 children and youth are receiving intervener services, it is also discouraging that this accounts for only 7% of the population. Continued efforts are needed to fully implement the 2012 Intervener Service Recommendations. Intervener Services State Yes No Unknown/ Missing State Total Alabama 4 238 0 242 Alaska 0 16 0 16 Arizona 13 200 0 213 Arkansas 0 190 0 190 California 71 381 377 829 Colorado 6 136 4 146 Connecticut 5 38 13 56 Delaware 0 63 1 64 District of Columbia 0 0 20 20 Florida 11 98 475 584 Georgia 17 237 26 280 Hawaii 0 0 47 47 Idaho 0 55 0 55 Illinois 4 317 8 329 Indiana 10 171 15 196 Iowa 2 85 0 87 Kansas 9 87 1 97 Kentucky 0 122 0 122 Louisiana 2 48 46 96 Maine 5 30 5 40 Maryland 0 0 179 179 Massachusetts 5 179 43 227 Michigan 23 287 0 310 Minnesota 101 255 0 356 Mississippi 0 70 0 70 Missouri 44 176 3 223 Montana 3 38 1 42 Nebraska 14 60 24 98 Nevada 12 56 43 111 New Hampshire 3 49 19 71 New Jersey 1 230 0 231 New Mexico 3 124 3 130 New York 14 385 0 399 North Carolina 14 235 16 265 North Dakota 5 22 6 33 Ohio 0 405 0 405 Oklahoma 13 149 3 165 56 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Yes No Unknown/ Missing State Total Oregon 2 90 3 95 Pacific Basin 0 0 46 46 Pennsylvania 78 409 126 613 Puerto Rico 0 34 0 34 Rhode Island 0 34 0 34 South Carolina 9 112 20 141 South Dakota 3 26 0 29 Tennessee 3 257 0 260 Texas 84 658 27 769 Utah 59 67 1 127 Vermont 6 16 0 22 Virgin Islands 0 20 3 23 Virginia 19 25 160 204 Washington 22 162 53 237 West Virginia 9 67 0 76 Wisconsin 15 91 23 129 Wyoming 3 31 7 41 National Total 726 7331 1847 9904 Living Setting Most children and youth live at home with their parents or extended family (93.2%). This percentage has gone up slightly over the past five years. Fewer are living with foster parents, in state or private residential facilities, or in group homes or apartments. Given that almost all children and youth who are deaf-blind live in a home setting, providing supports to families (nuclear, extended, and foster) is critical. Supports that include access to parent networks and leadership/self-advocacy skills training are important components of the umbrella of services needed for children who are deaf- blind and their families. Living Setting (Part 1 of 2) State Home: Parents Home: Extended Family Home: Foster Parents State Residential Facility Private Residential Facility Group Home (less than 6 residents) Alabama 226 7 1 6 0 0 Alaska 16 0 0 0 0 0 Arizona 199 6 5 1 0 0 Arkansas 166 4 1 3 16 0 California 737 12 10 0 1 1 Colorado 138 5 3 0 0 0 Connecticut 54 0 0 1 0 0 Delaware 59 1 2 0 0 0 District of Columbia 15 1 1 0 0 0 Florida 475 93 7 1 0 0 Georgia 251 15 11 1 0 0 Hawaii 42 1 0 0 0 0 57 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Home: Parents Home: Extended Family Home: Foster Parents State Residential Facility Private Residential Facility Group Home (less than 6 residents) Idaho 51 3 1 0 0 0 Illinois 286 8 7 14 4 0 Indiana 168 14 5 2 6 0 Iowa 77 4 1 2 1 0 Kansas 92 2 2 0 0 0 Kentucky 105 9 5 0 0 0 Louisiana 53 6 0 7 2 0 Maine 38 1 0 0 1 0 Maryland 167 3 1 0 0 1 Massachusetts 216 2 2 0 1 0 Michigan 291 6 3 0 0 7 Minnesota 330 16 7 1 0 0 Mississippi 61 5 1 1 1 0 Missouri 212 7 2 0 0 0 Montana 36 4 0 1 0 0 Nebraska 88 4 3 0 1 0 Nevada 103 5 0 0 1 0 New Hampshire 69 0 1 0 0 0 New Jersey 222 2 2 0 3 0 New Mexico 117 5 6 0 1 0 New York 313 13 6 1 2 2 North Carolina 210 15 3 4 32 0 North Dakota 28 0 0 0 4 0 Ohio 371 13 9 0 10 2 Oklahoma 136 9 10 5 2 0 Oregon 82 2 6 2 0 0 Pacific Basin 40 6 0 0 0 0 Pennsylvania 562 13 15 3 7 1 Puerto Rico 32 0 0 0 0 0 Rhode Island 25 4 0 0 2 0 South Carolina 125 11 5 0 0 0 South Dakota 21 3 1 1 2 0 Tennessee 235 13 9 2 0 0 Texas 715 36 8 0 4 2 Utah 123 1 1 1 0 0 Vermont 22 0 0 0 0 0 Virgin Islands 13 0 0 0 0 0 Virginia 177 2 2 3 5 0 Washington 221 4 5 2 1 0 West Virginia 63 3 0 9 0 0 Wisconsin 112 1 1 1 0 0 Wyoming 36 2 3 0 0 0 National Total 8822 402 174 75 110 16 58 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) Living Setting (Part 2 of 2) State Group Home (6 or more residents) Apartment (w/ non- family person(s)) Pediatric Nursing Home Other Unknown/ Missing State Total Alabama 0 0 0 0 2 242 Alaska 0 0 0 0 0 16 Arizona 0 0 0 0 2 213 Arkansas 0 0 0 0 0 190 California 1 1 12 3 51 829 Colorado 0 0 0 0 0 146 Connecticut 1 0 0 0 0 56 Delaware 0 0 2 0 0 64 District of Columbia 0 0 0 0 3 20 Florida 0 0 0 1 7 584 Georgia 1 0 0 0 1 280 Hawaii 0 0 2 1 1 47 Idaho 0 0 0 0 0 55 Illinois 0 0 9 0 1 329 Indiana 1 0 0 0 0 196 Iowa 2 0 0 0 0 87 Kansas 0 0 0 0 1 97 Kentucky 0 0 3 0 0 122 Louisiana 0 0 0 0 28 96 Maine 0 0 0 0 0 40 Maryland 0 0 0 0 7 179 Massachusetts 0 0 0 0 6 227 Michigan 3 0 0 0 0 310 Minnesota 1 0 0 0 1 356 Mississippi 0 0 0 1 0 70 Missouri 1 0 0 0 1 223 Montana 0 0 0 1 0 42 Nebraska 0 0 1 0 1 98 Nevada 0 0 0 2 0 111 New Hampshire 0 0 1 0 0 71 New Jersey 0 0 2 0 0 231 New Mexico 1 0 0 0 0 130 New York 1 0 6 3 52 399 North Carolina 0 0 0 1 0 265 North Dakota 1 0 0 0 0 33 Ohio 0 0 0 0 0 405 Oklahoma 0 0 0 1 2 165 Oregon 0 0 1 1 1 95 Pacific Basin 0 0 0 0 0 46 Pennsylvania 2 0 10 0 0 613 Puerto Rico 0 0 0 0 2 34 Rhode Island 0 0 3 0 0 34 South Carolina 0 0 0 0 0 141 South Dakota 0 0 0 0 1 29 Tennessee 0 0 0 0 1 260 Texas 0 0 2 2 0 769 Utah 0 0 0 0 1 127 Vermont 0 0 0 0 0 22 59 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Group Home (6 or more residents) Apartment (w/ non- family person(s)) Pediatric Nursing Home Other Unknown/ Missing State Total Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 10 23 Virginia 1 0 2 4 8 204 Washington 2 0 1 0 1 237 West Virginia 0 0 0 0 1 76 Wisconsin 0 0 0 0 14 129 Wyoming 0 0 0 0 0 41 National Total 19 1 57 21 207 9904 Exiting Information The vast majority of children who exit Part C are eligible for Part B (91%). This percentage has remained relatively constant over the past five years, varying between 90% and 93%. The remaining children have moved out of state, been withdrawn by parents, were not able to be contacted, or died. Ensuring a seamless transition between Part C and Part B is critical for maintaining appropriate services for children as they enter preschool. The number of children who seem to be “lost” in this transition warrants attention. Children and youth exit Part B for a number of reasons. They graduate, age out, transfer to regular education, drop out, or die. From 2014 to 2018, there has been a decrease in the number of youth graduating with a regular diploma, from 232 to 185. This has been accompanied by an increase in the numbers of youth who have aged-out from 224 to 253. The need for post-secondary education or employment has important implications for the continued development of effective post-secondary supports for students who are exiting Part B every year, whether through having received a diploma or certificate, simply aging out, or transitioning to adult services. The growing number of youth who drop out of school also has important implications for effective educational programming and the continued development of effective post-secondary supports. Part C Exiting Status (Part 1 of 2) State In EI Program Completion of IFSP Prior to Maximum Age Eligible for Part B Not Eligible for Part B, Referrals to Other Programs Part B Eligibility Not Determined Died Alabama 31 0 7 0 0 0 Alaska 2 0 0 0 0 0 Arizona 8 0 2 0 0 0 Arkansas 3 0 5 0 0 0 California 31 0 16 0 2 0 Colorado 13 0 9 0 0 0 60 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State In EI Program Completion of IFSP Prior to Maximum Age Eligible for Part B Not Eligible for Part B, Referrals to Other Programs Part B Eligibility Not Determined Died Connecticut 7 0 1 0 0 0 Delaware 0 0 0 0 0 0 District of Columbia 0 0 0 0 0 0 Florida 14 0 10 0 0 0 Georgia 19 1 17 0 2 0 Hawaii 0 0 0 0 0 0 Idaho 3 0 0 0 0 0 Illinois 11 0 11 0 0 0 Indiana 13 0 3 0 0 0 Iowa 6 0 4 0 0 0 Kansas 6 0 7 0 0 1 Kentucky 10 0 6 0 0 0 Louisiana 2 0 2 0 0 1 Maine 3 0 2 0 0 0 Maryland 2 0 1 0 0 0 Massachusetts 4 0 8 0 0 0 Michigan 8 1 6 0 0 1 Minnesota 18 0 8 0 0 1 Mississippi 8 0 3 0 0 0 Missouri 17 0 18 0 0 0 Montana 3 1 0 0 0 0 Nebraska 1 0 3 0 0 0 Nevada 17 0 11 0 1 0 New Hampshire 2 0 4 0 0 0 New Jersey 8 0 6 0 0 0 New Mexico 9 0 11 0 0 0 New York 7 0 15 0 0 0 North Carolina 8 0 10 0 0 0 North Dakota 3 0 1 0 0 0 Ohio 3 0 4 0 0 0 Oklahoma 7 0 3 1 0 0 Oregon 12 0 2 0 0 0 Pacific Basin 0 0 1 0 0 0 Pennsylvania 117 1 61 0 1 0 Puerto Rico 4 0 1 0 0 0 Rhode Island 2 0 3 0 0 0 South Carolina 10 0 11 0 0 0 South Dakota 2 0 2 0 0 0 Tennessee 40 0 15 0 0 0 Texas 53 2 30 0 0 1 Utah 13 1 5 0 0 0 Vermont 0 0 1 0 0 0 Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 0 0 Virginia 7 0 6 0 0 0 Washington 15 1 10 0 0 0 West Virginia 10 0 4 0 0 0 Wisconsin 6 0 4 0 0 0 Wyoming 3 0 3 0 0 0 National Total 601 8 373 1 6 5 61 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) Part C Exiting Status (Part 2 of 2) State Moved Out of State Withdrawn by Parent Unable to Contact Parent Unknown/ Missing/Not in Part C State Total Alabama 0 0 0 0 38 Alaska 0 0 0 0 2 Arizona 0 0 0 10 20 Arkansas 0 0 0 0 8 California 1 0 0 10 60 Colorado 0 0 0 3 25 Connecticut 0 0 0 0 8 Delaware 0 0 0 1 1 District of Columbia 0 0 0 0 0 Florida 0 0 0 0 24 Georgia 0 0 0 2 41 Hawaii 0 0 0 0 0 Idaho 0 0 0 0 3 Illinois 0 0 0 0 22 Indiana 0 0 0 0 16 Iowa 0 0 0 0 10 Kansas 0 0 0 0 14 Kentucky 0 0 0 0 16 Louisiana 0 0 0 3 8 Maine 0 0 0 1 6 Maryland 0 0 0 0 3 Massachusetts 1 0 0 2 15 Michigan 1 0 0 0 17 Minnesota 0 0 0 0 27 Mississippi 1 0 0 0 12 Missouri 0 0 0 0 35 Montana 0 0 0 0 4 Nebraska 0 0 0 0 4 Nevada 0 0 0 0 29 New Hampshire 0 0 0 0 6 New Jersey 0 0 0 0 14 New Mexico 0 0 0 0 20 New York 0 0 0 4 26 North Carolina 0 0 0 0 18 North Dakota 0 0 0 0 4 Ohio 0 0 0 0 7 Oklahoma 0 0 1 2 14 Oregon 0 0 0 0 14 Pacific Basin 0 0 0 0 1 Pennsylvania 1 2 0 9 192 Puerto Rico 0 0 0 0 5 Rhode Island 0 0 0 0 5 South Carolina 1 0 0 1 23 South Dakota 0 0 0 0 4 Tennessee 0 1 0 0 56 Texas 0 1 0 2 89 Utah 0 0 0 0 19 Vermont 0 0 0 1 2 62 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Moved Out of State Withdrawn by Parent Unable to Contact Parent Unknown/ Missing/Not in Part C State Total Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 0 Virginia 1 0 0 0 14 Washington 0 0 0 2 28 West Virginia 0 0 0 0 14 Wisconsin 0 0 0 0 10 Wyoming 0 0 0 0 6 National Total 7 4 1 53 1059 Part B Exiting Status (Part 1 of 2) State In Special Education Program Transferred to Regular Education Graduated with Regular Diploma Received a Certificate Reached Maximum Age for Part B Services Alabama 243 1 0 2 5 Alaska 13 0 0 0 0 Arizona 185 0 1 0 0 Arkansas 187 0 12 2 3 California 204 16 29 16 33 Colorado 128 4 0 0 9 Connecticut 50 1 0 0 6 Delaware 0 0 0 0 0 District of Columbia 3 0 0 0 0 Florida 561 3 3 0 16 Georgia 271 3 9 1 0 Hawaii 47 1 3 0 4 Idaho 54 0 0 0 0 Illinois 315 3 7 0 3 Indiana 183 1 5 2 0 Iowa 89 2 0 0 0 Kansas 92 2 1 0 1 Kentucky 112 0 10 11 0 Louisiana 59 2 3 3 0 Maine 36 5 0 0 1 Maryland 128 3 1 0 0 Massachusetts 222 1 0 0 23 Michigan 317 4 8 9 0 Minnesota 344 0 6 4 7 Mississippi 62 0 1 0 3 Missouri 204 4 7 1 0 Montana 45 0 1 0 3 Nebraska 95 0 3 0 0 Nevada 96 4 0 0 3 New Hampshire 68 0 0 0 6 New Jersey 228 2 0 0 0 New Mexico 121 0 0 0 0 New York 386 0 1 0 16 North Carolina 270 3 1 2 1 North Dakota 3 0 0 0 0 Ohio 402 4 0 0 0 Oklahoma 142 0 6 0 14 63 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State In Special Education Program Transferred to Regular Education Graduated with Regular Diploma Received a Certificate Reached Maximum Age for Part B Services Oregon 83 0 3 0 1 Pacific Basin 48 1 0 0 0 Pennsylvania 523 2 16 0 3 Puerto Rico 30 0 0 0 1 Rhode Island 30 2 0 0 0 South Carolina 132 0 0 1 2 South Dakota 25 0 0 0 0 Tennessee 225 4 1 3 1 Texas 762 14 33 1 0 Utah 108 2 1 1 4 Vermont 21 0 0 0 0 Virgin Islands 23 0 0 0 0 Virginia 199 0 1 0 3 Washington 199 7 11 0 0 West Virginia 68 0 0 0 0 Wisconsin 120 1 0 0 1 Wyoming 37 1 1 1 0 National Total 8598 103 185 60 173 Data Note: Due to data system problems DE data were not included in this table. Part B Exiting Status (Part 2 of 2) State Died Moved: Known to be Continuing Dropped Out Unknown/ Missing State Total Alabama 0 1 0 0 252 Alaska 0 0 0 1 14 Arizona 1 0 0 11 198 Arkansas 4 8 6 0 222 California 8 129 29 3 467 Colorado 0 3 0 3 147 Connecticut 2 3 0 1 63 Delaware 0 0 0 0 0 District of Columbia 0 0 0 0 3 Florida 0 1 0 4 588 Georgia 1 1 12 10 308 Hawaii 0 0 0 0 55 Idaho 0 0 0 0 54 Illinois 1 4 7 0 340 Indiana 0 0 17 0 208 Iowa 0 0 0 0 91 Kansas 2 0 0 0 98 Kentucky 1 2 7 0 143 Louisiana 0 0 0 3 70 Maine 1 3 0 0 46 Maryland 1 0 0 1 134 Massachusetts 2 4 0 0 252 Michigan 3 5 2 1 349 Minnesota 2 8 0 0 371 Mississippi 2 2 1 0 71 Missouri 1 2 10 2 231 64 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) State Died Moved: Known to be Continuing Dropped Out Unknown/ Missing State Total Montana 0 0 0 0 49 Nebraska 0 1 0 3 102 Nevada 1 0 1 9 114 New Hampshire 0 1 0 0 75 New Jersey 0 1 0 3 234 New Mexico 0 0 0 0 121 New York 0 0 0 0 403 North Carolina 2 1 1 2 283 North Dakota 0 0 0 27 30 Ohio 4 2 2 0 414 Oklahoma 2 3 0 5 172 Oregon 0 0 2 0 89 Pacific Basin 1 0 0 0 50 Pennsylvania 3 6 4 8 565 Puerto Rico 1 1 0 0 33 Rhode Island 0 0 4 0 36 South Carolina 1 2 0 1 139 South Dakota 0 1 0 1 27 Tennessee 7 3 20 1 265 Texas 7 2 14 0 833 Utah 6 0 2 0 124 Vermont 0 0 0 1 22 Virgin Islands 0 0 0 0 23 Virginia 0 5 0 0 208 Washington 0 0 0 23 240 West Virginia 0 0 0 0 68 Wisconsin 0 1 5 7 135 Wyoming 0 0 0 0 40 National Total 67 206 146 131 9669 Data Note: Due to data system problems DE data were not included in this table. References Herbster, H. (2015). Special education eligibility and the category of deafblindness: Examining the perspectives of case coordinators. [Dissertation]. U.S. Department of Education. (2018a). IDEA Part C Child Count and Settings. [Data file]. U.S. Department of Education. (2018b). IDEA Part B child count and educational environments. [Data file]. Malloy, P., & Killoran, J. (2007). Children who are deaf-blind. Practice Perspectives ­ Highlighting Information on Deaf-Blindness. Monmouth, OR: National Consortium on Deaf-Blindness (NCDB), Teaching Research Institute, Western Oregon University. McCormick, M. (2015). New to deafblindness? Five tips for administrators. TX SENSEABILITIES, Spring/Summer 2015, 10-13. Muller, E. (2006). Deaf-blind child counts: Issues and challenges. Alexandria, VA: Project Forum at NASDSE. 65 2018 National Deaf-Blind Child Count Summary (Ages Birth – 21) Purvis, B. & Schalock, M.D. (2014). Using evidence-based strategies and technical assistance to improve identification of infants and toddlers with combined vision and hearing loss. Visual Impairment and Deafblind Education Quarterly, 59(5), 20-24. Schalock, M.D. (2018). The 2017 National Child Count of Children and Youth who are Deaf-Blind. Monmouth, OR: National Center on Deaf-Blindness, The Research Institute, Western Oregon University. Contact Information Questions may be directed to Robbin Bull at robbin.bull@hknc.org. Copies of this, and earlier years of the report may be accessed or downloaded from the National Child Count page on the NCDB website. 66