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Summer 1982 (no. 11) • ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING • TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE •APPLIED RESEARCH • INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT BULLETIN A COMMITMENT TO ISLANDS, 1972-1982 Throughout the world, insular communities, with limited areas, , are experiencing the pressures of a growth and development phenomena which has rarely been equalled on larger land masses. Attracted by the undeveloped, pristine nature of islands and by their recreational qualities and economic opportunities , more people from continental areas are focusing on offshore oceanic and coastal insular areas, threatening to alter the very qualities which make islands viable as ecosystems and as communities. (1971) These lines from the Foundation's conceptual "Prospectus," written more than a decade ago, provided a rationale for an institutional ve hicle which has become a catalytic force for improving the quality of human life and the capacity for enhanced resource development and management in insular communities. For more than a decade, the Island Resources Foundation has sought to develop research, planning and self-help assistance programs which both pro tect and enhance the development options of small island systems. Within its flexible or ganizational framework, the Foundation has com bined many disciplines, many people, and many institutions in an attempt to understand the peculiar constraints of insular systems, to de fine the special problems and concerns of those living within insular communities, and to iden tify real and relevant solutions which remain sensitive to insular imperatives. After ten years of growth and development, we pause to share briefly with our readers what this experience has meant to those associated with the Foundation and to the island communi ties and institutions with which we have worked. For, like islanders everywhere, we have not just survived but we have also learned; what has e- merged has been a capacity building process for island communities as well as for the Island Resources Foundation. OVERVIEW The Island Resources Foundation was incorpor ated in the U.S. Virgin Islands in late 1970. It is non-profit and tax exempt and has re ceived support from a wide variety of funding sources. Over eighty projects, totalling two million dollars in primary funding support for island areas, have been carried out under Foun dation auspices during a ten year period com mencing in 1972; most have focused on the Carib bean region but some have extended to the South Pacific island basin. U.S. government grants and contracts account for nearly twenty of the funded programs, while additional support has been received from island governments and international agencies and or ganizations . Private sector support has also been important, including corporate and founda tion grants and a small (but persistently loyal and generous) membership base. Special note is made of certain key contribu tors to the Foundation, whose support has been instrumental in sustaining the organization. Nancy Woodson Spire and the Aytchmonde Woodson Foundation have, over the years, provided al most $100,000 in unrestricted institutional sup port; while American Airlines, an original cor porate sponsor, has contributed over $70,000 to the Foundation in annual increments. Substan tial grants from Laurance S. Rockefeller, the American Conservation Association and Eastern Airlines helped to launch the Island Resources Foundation in 1972, and a subsequent grant from the Rockefeller Brothers Fund in 1978 provided institutional development support for a three year period. Finally, the generous endorsement and continued support of Johnny Harms , our land lord at the Lagoon Marina in St. Thomas from 1972 to 1981, significantly contributed to de velopment during the Foundation's early years. The Foundation's staff has remained relatively small, never exceeding twelve persons. Rather, the Foundation has relied on a support network of collaborating Program Associates who assist staff in carrying out research, technical assis tance, and public service programs for island areas. Asa unique body of professionals , IRF's Program Associate network has grown from twenty- five in 1977 to, in 1982, more than seventy is land specialists whose personal commitment to and expertise regarding small islands have re sulted in a better understanding about insular communities and environments. It is an inter national grouping, comprising individuals drawn from some 20 countries in North America, Africa, Europe, the Caribbean, and the South Pacific. The Early Years, 1971-73 From 1972 to 1974, the Secretariat of the re gional Caribbean Conservation Association was based at the Island Resources Foundation, where support services and management for the Associ ation's environmental programs were provided. As a consequence of its close affiliation with the CCA during these early years, and, further, in the absence of other collective responses to accelerating environmental degradation in the Caribbean, a clear focus of Foundation initia tives 'lring this period centered on environ mental protection issues. So significant was this emphasis that it wouldbemany years before the Foundation would begin to emerge from its early image as a standard conservation organi zation focusing on islands. In 1971, the Foundation, in cooperation with the CCA, initiated an important endangered species protection program focusing on sua turtle re search and conservation efforts for the Eastern Caribbean. The first turtle tagging expedition to Aves Island, primary nesting aggregation site of the Eastern Caribbean green sea turtle, was launched in 1971, to be followed by four addi tional expeditions, the last in 1976. More than 1200 turtles were tagged over the six year per iod. Related research was carried out on turtle hatchlings and juveniles at Foundation labora tories and an education/information dissemina tion program was launched in a regional effort to protect and preserve an important Caribbean species (with support from the D. Hokin Foundation). In addition, a 14-week, 3,600 mile circumnavi gation of the inner Caribbean basin was carried out in 1972, with Foundation investigators vis iting isolated islands, uninhabited cays, and coastal sites to gather information on flora and fauna, to conduct marine pollution surveys and to carry out various reef ecology studies. By 1973, a significant new theme began to domi nate Foundation activities, as the organization moved toward early conceptualization about EN VIRONMENTAL PLANNING FOR ISLAND DEVELOPMENT. Recognizing the need to incorporate environmental principles into the planning and implementation of development programs for islands, the Founda tion (with the support of the United Nations De velopment Programme) undertook an environmental survey of ten Caribbean island groups in 1973- 1974, reporting on key problem areas requiring special management approaches and providing en vironmental guidelines for integration into the planning process. This study effort for selected Caribbean islands was followed, in 1974, by a project to prepare a generalized "handbook" on environmental guide lines for island development planning. Published by the IUCN (with the assistance of the Swedish International Development Authority and the World Wildlife Fund), ecological guidelines for island development remains a definitive resource docu ment for island planners. At the same time that this more generic focus was to influence Foundation activities, certain related sectoral or micro-themes also began to emerge which provided opportunity for more de tailed analysis or case study approaches to is land development planning, among these, tourism research, national park development and training programs, environmental education materials de velopment, oil spill contingency planning. With regard to the latter, it is interesting to note that the Foundation took an early lead in call i n g a t t e n t i o n t o t h e v u l n e r a b i l i t y o f i s l a n d areas to oil pollution hazards, some five years before regional and international agencies in the Caribbean area were to give this problem their serious attention. New Initiatives, 1974 -77 By the middle of the decade, the Foundation had clearly established itself as an important re ference library and information center in the Eastern Caribbean, providing one of the most di versified and inclusive library/research facili ties on island environmental planning and re source management (see box). Its headquarters base in St. Thomas continues to be utilized by planners and researchers from the Caribbean re gion, the continental United States and various regional and international agencies. In addi tion, over twenty student interns have worked and studied at the Foundation since 1979. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Early in its history, an island systems * * reference library and acquisition stra- * * tegy was developed at the Island Resources * * Foundation. This unique reference center ♦ * now houses approximately 300 linear shelf * * feet of documentary materials on several J * hundred islands, including, by topical * J category, island-related materials on: J * * * * C o a s t a l z o n e m a n a g e m e n t * * . * D e v e l o p m e n t a n d p l a n n i n g J * * E n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t a s s e s s - * J m e n t s * ■X - * F e a s i b i l i t y s t u d i e s J * * F i s h e r i e s a n d m a r i c u l t u r e * J * F o r e s t r y , a g r i c u l t u r e , a g r o n o m y J * a n d h y d r o l o g y * * * G e o l o g y , m i n i n g , o i l s p i l l s , * * d r e d g i n g * * * H e a l t h a n d n u t r i t i o n * J * I n s u l a r e c o l o g y a n d b i o - * * g e o g r a p h y * * * L i n g u i s i t i c s , a n t h r o p o l o g y , * J s o c i o l o g y , h i s t o r y , c u l t u r e J * * N a t i o n a l d e v e l o p m e n t p l a n s ■* * * N a t i o n a l p a r k s a n d p r e s e r v e s * * . * N o n - f o r m a l a n d e x p e r i e n t i a l J * e d u c a t i o n * J * R e s o u r c e m a n a g e m e n t * * * T o u r i s m , t r a v e l , t r a n s p o r t a t i o n * * * * An extensive col lection of over 3000 is- £ * land maps , charts , and aerial photographs -* * is also maintained, along with approxi- * * mately 3000 35 mm. color slides and black * * a n d w h i t e p h o t o s o n i s l a n d s . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * During the 1974-77 period, the Foundation began to provide a variety of technical assistance services to developing island areas in the East ern Caribbean, responding to requests for envi ronmental counsel, resource assessment, program design and evaluation, and development planning assistance. Support from Foundation staff and associates often provided the early direction and initiative for a variety of development ac tivities which continued to evolve and expand in subsequent years -- among these, national park development in Dominica, the Dominican Republic, and the British Virgin Islands; marine resource planning in Anguilla and the British Virgin Is lands; and cultural resources development in St. Kitts, Grenada, Antigua, and Anguilla. Building on t:-e efforts of earlier years to in corporate environmental principles into island development planning, in 1976 the Foundation pre pared for the Government of the British Virgin Islands a case study adaptation of the more gen eral ecological guidelines for island develop ment. This important work represented an at tempt to move from an inclusive approach to is land development to the more specific case of the British Virgin Islands. Further, we continued to explore site specific approaches to development planning, at this time, providing environmental impact assessments for selected infrastructure projects in island areas , including airport construction, mass transporta tion systems, harbor dredging, dock construction, sand mining, and petroleum transport facilities. Significantly, two programmatic themes found their inception during this period of the Foun dation's institutional development, the first focusing on the area of CULTURAL RESOURCE DEVEL OPMENT. Recognizing that important historic and cultural resources have, over time, received lit tle attention by regional planners and are invar iably overlooked for integration into national development plans, the Foundation sought to fill this void, proceeding on the premise that there was a clear need to link cultural development strategies in island areas with other more vis ible and more traditional development sectors, such as education, tourism and community develop ment. To ignore cultural development, as some thing extraneous to the development process, is to fail to recognize the human component of that process. And, for the post-colonial, newly e- merging societies of most island countries, such affirmation of cultural identity is critical to internally generated development perspectives. Between 1974 and 1981, the Foundation carried out over a dozen projects dealing with historic sites, archival management, historical research, oral history, cultural program development, indige nous architectural design, national museums, and cultural park planning. The Foundation' s exten sive record in this sector of island resources de velopment has clearly established its leadership role for the years ahead. Secondly, MARINE RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT was iden tified as another programmatic sector to which the Foundation would increasingly direct its at tention. The interaction of man-land-sea in in sular coastal zones has -- through oversight, uncontrolled expansion, and ill-conceived ac tions -- too often resulted in unanticipated and undesirable environmental stress on marine re sources, especially fisheries . Nowhere is this more evident than in the coastal zone of insular places where competing human interests interact directly with the dynamics of natural ecosys terns . Thus, recognizing the imperative for improved management strategies, the Foundation began in 1976 to carry out an extended series of research and management planning studies which, initially, focused on coastal zone management for island areas, water quality and marine pollution work, fisheries development, and marine resource uti lization. These early initiatives in the Carib bean region were followed in 1980 by a parallel effort involving eight island areas in the South Pacific. In all these activities, the Founda tion has worked with island planners to assist in the identification of new development approach es which optimize resource utilization while pro tecting fragile marine environments. Challenge and Change, 1978-81 In the course of expanding its technical assis tance capabilities in development planning and marine resource management, the Island Resources Foundation came to recognize the need to explore the addition of HUMAN SERVICE programs as a vi tal component of its emerging multi-sectoral strategies. Several experimental or model pro grams in the areas of multi-cultural education, career education, nutrition education, educa tional program assessment, and food and nutri tion policy planning were initiated. Gradually, the Foundation was moving toward a truly inter disciplinary, more integrated, problem solving approach to constraints and opportunities posed by insular systems. Closely linked to the new human service programs were a number of COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION AND SELF-HELP ACT IVITIES. Emphas izing outreach pro grams in areas of environmental concern, our ap proach now reached beyond strict resource assess ment and management to the providing of direct assistance to island peoples seeking to be more active and informed about local planning and de cision making processes. Cognizant that community-based organizations function as a critical counterbalance to govern ment activities in island areas, the Foundation, in cooperation with a variety of indigenous is land groups, began to devise strategies which would enhance the capacity of such organizations to influence the course of the development pro cess, particularly as it reflected local envi ronmental concerns . Our continuing approach fo cuses on designing effective, lowcost techniques for increasing awareness and strengthening local i n s t i t u t i o n s . One approach involved television and a VTR media facility which was established at IRF in 1978, enabling the Foundation to significantly expand the scope of its information dissemination and communications/outreach programs . With full pro duction capabilities for both remote and studio video-taping, the Foundation has produced 15 ed ucational television shows on a variety of top ics : career education, growth management for island environments, West Indian vernacular ar chitecture, and food and nutrition policy plan- IRF's FUTURE . . as envisioned by Ed Towle, President AND WHAT ABOUT THE NEXT DECADE? HOW DO WE BEST BUILD ON WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED FROM THE MORE THAN EIGHTY PROJECTS IMPLEMENTED OVER THE PAST TEN YEARS? IT W0U> ^ BE EASIEST TO SIMPLY DO MORE C THE SAME ~ PROVIDING EXPANDED TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE IN MARINE RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT, IMPACT ASSESS MENT, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, EDUCA TION, AND CULTURAL RESOURCE DE VELOPMENT, But this is not enough, there IS A NEED TO EXPERIMENT WITH MEDIA, WITH SELF-HELP STRATE GIES, NON-FORMAL EDUCATION, COM MUNITY PARTICIPATION, AND INTE GRATED DEVELOPMENT APPROACHES. WE ALSO NEED TO WORK WITH MULTI - NATIONAL CORPORATIONS IN ORDER TO INFLUENCE THEIR ISLAND STRA TEGIES AND SOFTEN THEIR CONSID ERABLE IMPACT ON ISLAND SYSTEMS, RECOGNIZING HOW DIFFICULT THIS WILL BE. TECHNOLOGIES MORE AP PROPRIATE TO ISLANDS NEED TO BE IDENTIFIED AND TESTED, AND L^CAi NON-GOVERNMENT ISLAND INSTITU TIONS NEED TO BE STRENGTHENED. AS ALWAYS, ISLANDS ARE AT RISK IN THE INTERNATIONAL SCHEME OF THINGS, GIVEN THEIR SMALLNESS. IN SUM, WE FORESEE A ROLE FOR THE ISLAND RESOURCES FOUNDATION AS A PROTAGONIST FOR SMALL IS LAND STATES AND TERR I TOR I ES . TO GETHER WITH I SLAND PEOPLES, OR GANIZATIONS AND GOVERNMENTS, WE SHALL PURSUE BETTER APPROACHES TO THE SPECIAL CONCERNS AND DE VELOPMENT NEEDS OF INSULAR PLACES, SEEKING (THROUGH APPLIED RESEARCH, AND IMPRCVZD PLANNING, APPROPRI ATE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, AND ENHANCED ENVI RONMENTAL PROTECT I ON) ■\ >V.lr.'*$ C- DkDER- CKAf\'."w. SL.~- TAINABLE GROWTH AND ABETTER FU TURE FOR ALL PERSONl WHO CALL ISLANDS THEIR HOME. n i n g . C u r r e n t l y , t h e F o u n d a t i o n i s p r e p a r i n g a video tape based on an appropriate technology w o r k s h o p h e l d i n S t . L u c i a i n M a y o f t h i s y e a r. T h e t a p e w i l l f o c u s o n l o w c o s t s e l f - h e l p s t r a t e g i e s f o r i s l a n d a r e a s , e m p h a s i z i n g s u c h r e l a t e d t o p i c s a s e n e r g y f o r r u r a l c o m m u n i t i e s , h o u s i n g i n t r o p i c a l a r e a s , a n d s m a l l i n d u s t r y d e v e l o p m e n t u t i l i z i n g l o c a l l y a v a i l a b l e m a t e r i a l s . Consideration of the ECONOMIC IMPACT of develop ment options in island areas had emerged by 1^81 as another component of the Foundation's overall a p p r o a c h t o s t r a t e g i c p l a n n i n g f o r i s l a n d s . I n b o t h t h e B r i t i s h a n d U . S . V i r g i n I s l a n d s , t h e F o u n d a t i o n e x a m i n e d a n u m b e r o f s i t e s p e c i fic a n d s e c t o r s p e c i fic d e v e l o p m e n t o p t i o n s ( e . g . , a g r i c u l t u r e , fis h e r i e s , t o u r i s m , n a t i o n a l p a r k s ) i n o r d e r t o c o n s i d e r t h e s o c i o - e c o n o m i c i m p a c t o f t h e s e a c t i v i t i e s o n i s l a n d c o m m u n i t i e s Further, by the beginning of its second decade, t h e I s l a n d R e s o u r c e s F o u n d a t i o n h a d b e g u n t o l o o k fo r w a ys to i n te g ra te ma n y o f th e se cto r a l t h e m e s r e fle c t e d i n t h e l i s t o f c o m p l e t e d p r o j e c t s i n t o m o r e c o m p r e h e n s i v e i n t e r d i s c i p l i n a r y s t r a t e g i e s w h i c h s t r e n g t h e n i n s u l a r c a p a c i t y t o c o n f r o n t d e v e l o p m e n t c h a l l e n g e s . For example, in the Eastern Caribbean, the Foun dation played a key role in conceptualizing and o r g a n i z i n g a n i m p o r t a n t c o n f e r e n c e o f s m a l l i s l a n d s t a t e s ( h e l d i n B a r b a d o s i n 1 9 7 9 ) w h i c h sought to link sound environmental management approaches with concurrent economic growth stra t e g i e s . A d d i t i o n a l l y , u n d e r c o n t r a c t t o t h e U.S. MAB Program, the Foundation commenced a long term research project on island growth man a g e m e n t , u s i n g t h e U . S . V i r g i n I s l a n d s ' e x p e r i ence as a case study, seeking system overload and c a r r y i n g c a p a c i t y i n d i c a t o r s . T h e c i r c l e o f i n s t i t u t i o n a l g r o w t h w a s c l o s i n g , a n d t h e F o u n d a t i o n ' s fir s t d e c a d e o f e x p e r i e n t i a l l e a r n i n g c o n c l u d e d w i t h t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n h a v i n g c o m p l e t e d a t r a n s i t i o n i n f o c u s f r o m r e s o u r c e c o n s e r v a t i o n t o r e s o u r c e m a n a g e m e n t , f r o m s p e c i e s p r o t e c t i o n t o s y s t e m s p l a n n i n g , a n d f r o m t h e o r y t o p r a c t i c e i n d e v e l o p m e n t . Recent Publications — AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF CURRENT AND TURBIDITY IN SOUTHWEST ROAD, ST. THOMAS U S V I ( M . N i c h o l s , R . D u B o i s , e t . a l . ) P r e p a r e d u n d e r s u b - c o n t r a c t f o r t h e U.S. National OceanographIc and At mospheric Administration / OMPA / S p e c i a l P r o j e c t s O f fic e ( F e b r u a r y 1981). 53 pp. plus maps and append! ces ECONOMIC IMPACT ANALYSIS FOR THE VIRGIN ISLANDS NATIONAL PARK (b. Posner, C . ' C u t h b e r t s o n , e t . a l . ) P u b l i s h e d b y t h e U . S . N a t i o n a l P a r k S e r v i c e , S o u t h e a s t R e g i o n a l O f fic e , A t l a n t a , G e o r g i a ( O c t o b e r 1 9 8 1 ) . 53 pp. plus maps, tables and appendices. ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT: A BROAD PERSPECTIVE FOR THE ISLANDS OF THE CARIB BEAN (J. Bonnet, R. Ward and E. Towle) Report presented at workshop on Energy/ Environment Projects for the Caribbean, Key Biscayne, Fl. (Mar. 1981). Printed in CARIBBEAN EDUCATIONAL BULLET IN ( Vo I . V I I I , N o . 3 , S e p t . , 1 9 8 1 ) , p p . 1 3 - 3 3 . COLLABORATION AMONG SOCIAL AND NATURAL SCIENTISTS ON CARIBBEAN ISLAND PROJECTS (Edward I. Towle) Published in SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTER DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND THE U.S. MAN AND THE BIOSPHERE PROGRAM, E . Z u b e , e d i t o r ( 1 9 8 1 ) , p p . 5 5 - 5 9 . I SUMMER SCHOOL IN THE VIRGIN ISLANDS - A NEEDS ASSESSMENT (S. sieber, et.al.) Prepared under contract for the Govern ment of the U . S . V i rg i n Islands, Depart ment of Educat ion (Feb., 1982). 220 pp. plus Executive Summary, tables, appendices. RETURN ADDRESS: Red Hook Center Box 33 St. Thomas, U.S.V.I. 00802 THE BULLETIN . . . is published periodically by the Island Resources Foun dation, a non-profit research and technical assistance organ ization concerned with the development of improved planning strategies, management practices, and conservation programs for the natural, cultural, and human resources of small island areas. It is sent free of charge to Foundation members and to individuals and institutions concerned about the survival and development of insular areas. P r e s i d e n t E d w a r d L . T o w l e E d i t o r J u d i t h A . T o w l e Details about membership are obtainable by writing the Foun dation at Red Hook Center Box 33, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands 00802. Telephone: 809-775-3225. Non • profit Organization U.S. POSTAGE PAID Charlotte Amalie,V.I. 00801 Permit No. 33 PROGRAM NOTES-- S O U T H F o r a P A C I F I C I R F ' s in the the Uni ted Nat ions i n Suva, Fiji, in d grams established b tIon of Joint Prosp i n S o u t h P a c i fic D r. To w l e ' s p r i m a r cused on evaIuati ng development and te His i t i nerary i nc I C o o k I s l a n d s , F i j i , So lomon Islands, To t h r e e m o n t h p e r i o d I n 1 9 8 1 , p r e s i d e n t w a s o n a s s i g n m e n t S o u t h P a c i fic w o r k i n g o u t o f Development Programme office i r e c t s u p p o r t o f s p e c ! fic p r o - y the Committee forCoordina- e c t i n g f o r M i n e r a l R e s o u r c e s Offshore Areas (CCOP/SOPAC). y a r e a o f r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o - CCOP/SOPAC's marine resource c h n i c a l a s s i s t a n c e p r o g r a m s , u d e d e i g h t i s l a n d s t a t e s : t h e , Kiribati, Papua New Guinea, nga, Vanuatu, and Western Samoa. A l l o f t h e s e d e v e l o p i n g i s l a n d a r e a s s u ff e r f r o m f a m i l i a r i n s u l a r c o n s t r a i n t s , l o n g a p p a r e n t t o IRF associates working in the Caribbean -- name l y, c o n s t r a i n t s i n d u c e d b y s m a l I n e s s , i s o l a t i o n , r e m n a n t s o f a c o l o n i a l p a s t , c o n t i n u i n g d e p e n d e n c e o n e x t e r n a l fin a n c i n g a n d e x p e r t i s e , a n d a limited endowment of economicaI Iy significant n a t u r a l r e s o u r c e s . M A R I N E W i t h s u p p o r t p r o v i d e d b y t h e S e a M A M M A L S L i f e R e s o u r c e s I n s t i t u t e o f M i a m i , the Foundation hasprovided techni c a l a s s i s t a n c e t o t h e G o v e r n m e n t s o f S t . V i n cent, St. Lucia and Dominica in development of l o n g r a n g e c o n s e r v a t i o n s t r a t e g i e s f o r m a r i n e m a m m a l s a n d , s p e c i fic a l l y , i n a r r a n g i n g f o r t h e i r a d h e r e n c e t o t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l W h a l i n g C o n v e n t i o n Tr e a t y a n d p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n t h e L o n don IWC meetings. WEST INDIAN BUILDINGS of V i rg i n t e c t u r e . A 3 0 - m i n u t e t e l e v i s i o n d o c u m e n t a r y has been produced by IRF which high- l i g h t s t h e u n i q u e d e s i g n q u a l i t i e s I s l a n d s a n d W e s t I n d i a n f o l k a r c h i - Funded by the U.S. National Endow ment for the Arts, the program was produced and d i r e c t e d b y D o u g l a s W h i t e , I R F s t a f f p l a n n e r, a r c h i t e c t a n d m e d i a s p e c i a l i s t . T h e v i d e o t a p e , entitled west Indian wooden cottage, is avail able from IRF for use throughout the Caribbean. Assistance was a I so provided the Caribbean Dance Company in preparation of architectura I drawings a n d p l a n s f o r r e s t o r a t i o n o f a n h i s t o r i c b u i l d ing owned by the company in St. Croix. ECONOMIC IMPACT OF PARKS The Foundatio month study o o f t h e V . I . surrounding V i t y . R e I i a b I e q u a n t i t a t i v imp Iications of park devel t h e V i r g i n I s l a n d s c a s e u s e f u l , f o r i t s n a t i o n a l terrestrial and marine com i c a l s e t t i n g w h i c h s u p p o s t i l l d e v e l o p i n g t o u r i s m i s a l s o a b i o s p h e r e r e s e r t r a d i t i o n a l c o m m e r c i a l f boundar i es. n has completed a 12 f the economic impact N a t i o n a l P a r k o n t h e i r g i n I s l a n d s c o m m u n - e data on the economic opment is scarce, and s t u d y i s p a r t i c u l a r l y park encompasses both ponents w i/th i n a trop- r t s a n i m p o r t a n t a n d s e c t o r . T h e V . I . p a r k v e b u t s t i l l p e r m i t s i s h e r i e s w i t h i n p a r k P r e p a r e d u n d e r c o n t r a c t f o r t h e S o u t h e a s t R e g i o n a l O f fic e o f t h e U . S . N a t i o n a l P a r k S e r v i c e , t h e fin a l r e p o r t w a s p u b l i s h e d i n O c t o b e r o f 1 9 8 1 . T h e s t u d y w a s c a r r i e d o u t f o r I R F u n d e r the directionof economicanalyst. Dr. Ben Posner, a s s i s t e d b y p l a n n e r C l a r e n c e C u t h b e r t s o n a n d o t h e r s . E D U C AT I O N U n d e r c o n t r a c t t o t h e U . S . V i r g i n P R O G R A M I s l a n d s D e p a r t m e n t o f E d u c a t i o n , E VA L U AT I O N + h e F o u n d a t i o n c o m p I e t e d a d e t a i l e d review and assessment of the terri t o r y ' s s u m m e r s c h o o l p r o g r a m , w h i c h c u r r e n t l y reaches over 1,000 students, many of them po t e n t i a l s c h o o l d r o p - o u t s . T h i s p r o j e c t w a s d i r e c t e d f o r I R F b y e d u c a t i o n a l s p e c i a l i s t . D r. S a m D . S i e b e r, w i t h t h e a s s i s t a n c e o f D r. P a t r i c i a M u r p h y o n S t . C r o i x a n d M r. C l a r e n c e Cuthbertson on St. Thomas. C U LT U R A L P r e l i m i n a r y b a s e f u n d i n g h a s b e e n R E S O U R C E S r e c e i v e d f r o m t h e R o c k e f e l l e r B r o t h e r s F u n d f o r a c u l t u r a l a n d h i s t o r i c a l r e s o u r c e d e v e l o p m e n t p r o g r a m i n t h e P a s t e r n C a r i b b e a n w h i c h w i l l b e l i n k e d t o o n g o i n g r e g i o n a l a n d l o c a l i n i t i a t i v e s , i n p a r t i c u l a r, I R F ' s a n d t h e C a r i b b e a n C o n s e r v a t i o n A s s o c i a t i o n ' s E C N A M P p r o j e c t a t t h e C a b r i t s f o r t i fic a t i o n s i t e i n D o m i n i c a . M A S S T h e F o u n d a t i o n i s c u r r e n t I y a s s i s t - T R A N S I T ' n 9 ' n a t r a n s p o r t a t i o n s t u d y b e i n g S T U D Y p r e p a r e d f o r t h e G o v e r n m e n t o f t h e U . S . Vi r g i n I s l a n d s , t o a s s e s s a n d u p - d a t e t h e t r a v e l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f i s l a n d r e s i d e n t s a n d v i s i t o r s a n d t h e o p e r a t i o n a n d m a i n t e n a n c e o f t h e m a s s t r a n s p o r t s y s t e m c u r r e n t l y i n p l a c e . P r i m a r y i n p u t f o r t h i s p r o j e c t i s b e i n g p r o v i d e d b y I R F s t a f f e r s , D o u g White and Clarence Cuthbertson. C O A S T A L ' n c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h t h e C o a s t a I R e - RESOURCES sources Foundation, IRF is assisting the Department of NaturaI Resources i n P u e r t o R i c o t o d e v e l o p m a n a g e m e n t g u i d e l i n e s for beach and shore Iine enhancement and protec t i o n o f e r o s i o n p r o n e c o a s t a l a r e a s . I R F p r o j e c t d i r e c t o r i s D r. M a y n a r d N i c h o l s , w h o h a s worked with the Foundation since 1972. I S L A N D ' n a n e f f o r t t o b e t t e r m a n a g e v e g e - V E G E TAT I O N t a t i o n o n t h e i s l a n d o f S t . J o h n , a n d t h e r e b y t o l e s s e n d e t e r i o r a t i o n o f w a t e r q u a l i t y i n t h e n e a r s h o r e m a r i n e e n v i r o n m e n t ( d u e t o s o i l e r o s i o n a n d r u n - o f f ) , t h e Vi rg i n Isl a n d s N a ti o n a l Pa rk h a s re q u e ste d th a t IRF prepare amapping framework, using the Hold- r i d g e s y s t e m , f o r t h e i n v e n t o r y a n d e v a l u a t i o n o f t h e i s l a n d ' s v e g e t a t i o n , a n e c o n o m i c r e source amenable to management. Robert Teytaud o f S t . C r o i x i s d i r e c t i n g t h i s a c t i v i t y o n b e h a l f o f t h e F o u n d a t i o n . M A N A G I N G A s a p i e c e o f a f u I S L A N D g r a m b e i n g c a r r R E S O U R C E S a u s p i c e s o f t h e the Biosphere) p t i o n h a s , i n c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h experts, been examining on a t h e e x p e r i e n c e o f t h e U . S . managing island resources. 0 Foundation researchers Teyta p r o d u c e d a b i b l i o g r a p h y o f s the resource management expe V i r g i n I s l a n d s , w h i c h w i l l s o the U.S. National Commission nded research pro- i e d o u t u n d e r t h e U.S. MAB (Man and rogram, the Founda- a s e l e c t g r o u p o f n i n t e g r a t e d b a s i s V i rg i n IsIands i n u t o f t h i s e f f o r t , ud and Towle have o u r c e m a t e r i a l s o n r i e n c e o f t h e U . S . on be pub I ished by for UNESCO. ISLAND RESOURCES FOUNDATION News Notes about PROGRAM ASSOCIATES.. •• u.s * rKLAUS DE ALBUQUERQUE* formerly at College of Charleston, is now a research analyst for the g i n I s l a n d s L e g i s l a t u r e , s p e c i a l i z i n g i n c r i m e , i m m i g r a t i o n a n d y o u t h p r o b l e m s . ^ CARL BERG (marine scientist at Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory) continues work on t h e q u e e n c o n c h a n d o n t h e l i f e h i s t o r y a n d r e p r o d u c t i v e s t r a t e g i e s o f b i v a l v e m o l t u s k s ( B a h a m a s ) ^ JONATHAN BLUM served on the program planning committee organizing the Society n a t i o n a l D e v e l o p m e n t ' s 2 5 t h A n n i v e r s a r y Wo r l d C o n f e r e n c e t o b e h e l d i n B a l t i m o r e ( J u l y f o r I n t e r - 1982) . ^ D AV I D B U I S S E R E T ' s n e w b o o k i s e n t i t l e d h i s t o r i c a r c h i t e c t u r e o f t h e C a r i b b e a n , a w e l l - i l l u s - t r a t e a v o l u m e p u b l i s h e d b y H e i n e m a n n E d u c a t i o n a l B o o k s , L t d . B u i s s e r t , f o r m e r l y o f t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f t h e W e s t I n d i e s , i s n o w a t t h e N e w b e r r y L i b r a r y, U n i v e r s i t y o f C h i c a g o . ^ GILBERTO CINTRON (Director of Marine Resources, Puerto Rico Department ofNaturaI Resources) p r e s e n t e d a w o r k i n g p a p e r o n t h e e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t o f s a n d e x t r a c t i o n a t a t r a i n i n g w o r k s h o p , U n i v e r s i t y o f t h e S o u t h P a c i fic , F i j i . H e a l s o p r o v i d e d a n e n v i r o n m e n t a l i m p a c t a s s e s s m e n t o f a n o i l s p i l l i n J a m a i c a ( a s p a r t o f a U N E P t e c h n i c a l a s s i s t a n c e e f f o r t ) a n d h a s c o m p l e t e d t w o m a j o r r e s e a r c h e f f o r t s o n c o a s t a l e n v i r o n m e n t s : " E c o l o g y o f E s t u a r i e s I n P u e r t o R i c o . . . " ( w i t h L o u i s N e g r o n ) a n d " I n v e n t o r y o f t h e P u e r t o R i c a n C o r a l R e e f s " ( w i t h C . G o e n a g a ) . C o p i e s o f l a t t e r a v a i l able from the Department of Natural Resources. ^ RANDOM DUBOIS, former IRF sand mining project oceanographer, completed a marine park plan n i n g s t u d y i n C o s t a R i c a a n d a n e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r o fil e r e p o r t f o r H o n d u r a s . H e h a s j o i n e d U . S . A I D as a coastal zone management specialist. ■^ MEL GOODWIN and n's wife, Sandy, are engaged in a regional program to improve employment a n d i n c o m e g e n e r a t i o n s t r a t e g i e s i n t h e E a s t e r n C a r i b b e a n t h r o u g h m o r e e f f e c t i v e m a r i n e r e s o u r c e u t i l i z a t i o n . G o o d w i n h e a d s E n v i r o n m e n t a l R e s e a r c h P r o j e c t s ( C a r r i a c o u , G r e n a d a ) a n d i s w o r k i n g w i t h I R F o n c o o p e r a t i v e p r o g r a m v e n t u r e s i n a r t e m i a m a r i c u l t u r e , s h a r k fis h e r i e s d e v e l o p m e n t a n d a r t i fic i a l r e e f e m p l a c e m e n t g u i d e l i n e s . ^ BONHAM RICHARDSON nas been awarded a U.S. National Science Foundation research grant to study return migration patterns, and subsequent social change, in Barbados and Panama. ^ F I N N S A N D E R ( d i r e c t o r, B e l l a i r s R e s e a r c h I n s t i t u t e , B a r b a d o s ) r e p o r t s t h e c o m p l e t i o n o f a n e n v i r o n m e n t a l s t a t u s r e p o r t a n d c o n t i n u i n g s t u d y a n d m o n i t o r i n g o f B a r b a d o s r e e f s a n d s t r e s s f a c to rs induced by natural and human factors. ▼ S A M S I E B E R ' s n e w b o o k o n t h e s e l f - d e f e a t i n g , n e g a t i v e c o n s e q u e n c e s o f s o c i a l i n t e r v e n t i o n a c t i v i t i e s h a s j u s t b e e n p u b l i s h e d b y P l e n u m P u b l i s h i n g C o r p o r a t i o n i n N e w Yo r k , u n d e r t i t l e o f FATAL REMEDIES: THE IRONIES OF SOCIAL INTERVENTION. ▼ GEORGE SPATER. former president of American Airlines and an early member of IRF's Board of Trustees, has taken up a second career as a scholar In Great Britain, recently producing a biography o f W i l l i a m C o r b e t t , 1 9 t h c e n t u r y j o u r n a l i s t a n d p r e c u r s o r o f m o d e r n m u c k r a k e r s ( T H E P O O R ' M A N ' S FRIEND, Cambridge University Press). ^ JAMES THORSELL completed a planning report for the government of Jamaica T h e p o t e n t i a l f o r d e v e l o p m e n t o f a n a t i o n a l p a r k s y s t e m i n t h a t i s l a n d c o u n t r y. which addresses ^ JACK WARNER has developed a "waterless toilet" for use in tropical island areas where elec t r i c i t y i s o f t e n e x p e n s i v e a n d w a t e r n o t p l e n t i f u l . Wa r n e r h a s a p a m p h l e t o n h i s c o m p o s t i n g t o i l e t, available by writing him at 6427 Forest R o a d , C h e ve rl y, Ma ryl a n d 2 0 7 8 5 U SA. 'WMEWWMM and SPEClIT CONTRIBUTION FORM" IF OUR RECORDS INDICATE THAT YOU HAVE NOT YET RENEWED YOUR MEMBERSHIP IN 1982, WE HAVE MARKED YOUR MAILING LABEL WITH A RED X. YOUR SUPPORT IN THE PAST HAS BEEN VERY MUCH APPRECIATED, AND WE HOPE THAT YOU WILL NOW TAKE THIS OPPORTUNITY TO CONTINUE THAT SUPPORT BY SENDING US YOUR RENEWAL FOR THIS CALENDAR YEAR, all contributions are u.s. tax deductible. OR PERHAPS YOU ARE NOT YET AN IRF MEMBER. THE MEMBERSHIP CATEGORIES PROVIDED. IF NOT, WE WOULD APPRECIATE YOUR CONSIDERING ONE OF INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP □Associate S25 a Family $50 D Sponsoring $100 □Life $500 INSTITUTIONAL/CORPORATE MEMBERSHIP D Contributing $200 a Donor $500 D Patron $2000 NAME ADDRESS. OR MIGHT WE SUGGEST A SPECIAL CONTRIBUTION TO THE ISLAND RESOURCES FOUNDATION IN THIS OUR TENTH ANNIVERSARY YEAR. AS WE HAVE OFTEN SAID, YOUR DONATIONS AND SUPPORT REPRESENT A CONTINUING IN VESTMENT IN THE FUTURE OF ISLANDS. SPECIAL C O N T R I B U T I O N f o r 1982 D pr o j e c t F u r d Q E n d o w m e n t F u n d D Pub I i cat i on A m o u n t : Fund $ D G e n e r a I S u p p o r t AOORESS. RETURN TO: Island Resources Foundation, Red Hook Center Box 33, St. Thoma: , U.S. Virgin Islands 00SCC