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Form No. 10-300 I® '’*' Pj-ldS-OA-V-^/ \P^ UNITED STATICS DEPARTMENT OETIIE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM {. • FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED ^ DATE ENTERED _________ '4:1 1 “ SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE Al 1 ENTRIES - COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS i . ^j i 0NAME ■j ; i HISTORIC Tc+-a+-^a T.-i-F-hlfi Princess : i AND/OR COMMON r 0LOCATION ' i \ t STREET & NUMBER NOT FOR PUBLICATION i . CITY, TOWN Phristianstod _________ VICINITY OF CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 1 i STATE CODE 7R COUNTY CODE HCLASSIFI CATION CATEGORY _DI STRICT ^UILDING(S) _STRUCTURE —SITE —OBJECT OWNERSHIP —PUBLIC ^PRIVATE —BOTH PUBLIC ACQUISITION —IN PROCESS —BEING CONSIDERED STATUS X_OCCUPIED —UNOCCUPIED —WORK IN PROGRESS ACCESSIBLE —YES: RESTRICTED —YES: UNRESTRICTED —NO PRESENTUSE —AGRICULTURE —MUSEUM —COMMERCIAL —PARK —EDUCATIONAL ^PRIVATE RESIDENCE —ENTERTAINMENT —RELIGIOUS —GOVERNMENT —SCIENTIFIC —INDUSTRIAL —TRANSPORTATION —MILITARY ‘—OTHER: HOWNER OF PROPERTY NAME Nature Conservancy STREETS. NUMBER .. . 1800 N. Kent Street CITY. TOWNArlington vicinity of STATE Virginia ^LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION !/ COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDS.ETC RecordeT of Deeds STREET & NUMBER Government House CHY.TOWN Christiansted, St. Croix u. STATE S. Virain Islands REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS • • TITLE Virqin Islands Inventory of Historic Places DATE Mav 6. 1977 -federal X^state —COUNTY —LOCAL depository for suRVEYREcoRDs Virqin Islands Planning Office city, town Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas STATE U. S. Virain Islands___ — ^DESCRIPTION CONDITION XEXCEUENT —DETERIORATED —GOOD —FAIR —RUINS —UNEXPOSED CHECK ONE —UNALTERED JtoLTERED CHECK ONE —ORIGINAL SITE —MOVED DATE. I I •’ V V DESCRIBETHE present and ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE Little Princess is located one and three-qaurters miles west of Christiansted, St. Croix. The estate presently consists of two great houses, an overseer's house, steam operated sugar factory with distillery, a wind powered sugar mill, wind powered well tower and various outbuildings. The original great house is two stories in height, hipped roof with a two story, six bay arcaded gallery along the south facade. The residence occupies the upper floor, with the lower part used for a carriage house and storage. The upper section is two by five bays, rectangular in plan (28' x 58') and is one room under a wood tray ceiling. The walls are stuccoed rubble and coral block with all window and door openings having brick lined splayed arches. The openings in the lower part and those in the arcade at the upper level are segmental arches, all lined with brick. This structure was greatly altered in 1956 when it was made into a guest house by the present owners. The second great house, east of the first, is "L" shaped in plan, one story on a high basement with intersecting hipped roofs and a shed roofed gallery along two facades. The front, o south facade, was originally seven bays wide with a centered double door entrance, served by a coral block stair. A later shed roofed, one bay wide, room has been added to the west end of this facade. The gallery repeats the eight bay pattern of the front wall with the later bay, and has shallow segmental arches, supported by square columns. The coral and rubble walls are stuccoed with the rectangular window and door open­ ings, lined with brick, having splayed jambs and flat heads with decorative keystones. The north wing is eight bays in depth, fronted by an eight bay arcaded gallery which is served by a welcoming arms staircase. The roofs are covered with corrugated tin. The interior of the second great house consists of a single large room running east-west with a tray ceiling and three bedrooms in the east "L" which runs north-south. The interior has been altered during rehabilitation in 1954. An exceptional one story cook house is appended to the northwest corner of the east-west section of the great house. The cookhouse retains the original charcoal stove with three pot holes and a pyramidal range hood serving the west end wall chimney. The overseer's house is a double residence located southeast of the second great house, 16' 8" x 21' 8" in plan. The rear wall has two windows; the front,two doors, and the end walls,a single window in each. The wall construction is predominantly Form No 10-300a (Hev 10-74) UNil E D STATl-S DI PARTME NT OI 1 111- INTE RIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM UffG°TBl977 FOB NPS USE^ONL' RECEIVED DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE One coral block with' some rubble. The hipped roof is covered with corrugated tin. East of the overseer's house is the wind mill that once powered the sugar factory. Typical of windmills in the West Indies, it is conical in shape with a flat platform at the top for the windshaft housing. Built of coral block and stuccoed, the entrance and the cleaning openings were blocked when the crushing mill was converted to a cistern sometime after the conversion of the factory to steam around 1850. The well tower with its own wind mill to power the winch, is located southeast of the cane mill and factory. Approximately 40 feet tall, the tapered circular structure is 11 feet in diameter at its base with 30" thick rubble walls. The round headed entrance and two window openings are lined with brick. There is a corbelled brick platform near the top of the tower for the guidepole used in turning the sails into the wind. The winch platform also remains. The ruins of the sugar factory and rum distillery are south­ east of the second great house. Part of the factory has been converted into a garden terrace and swimming pool, but much of the original fabric remains. The factory was constructed of coral block and rubble. The plan consists of two long parallel sections running north-south with a wagon loading platform appended to the south end of the east wall and a cooperage and large cistern added to the south end of the west wall. The eastern section of the factory, 29' 7" x 85" 9" has a ten bay segmental arched arcaded east wall with six similar openings in what remains of the west wall. The south end wall has two windows and the north wall has a centered wide entrance. The arches in the west wall are built of dressed coral block with all other openings having brick lined splayed jambs. The segmental arches are tapered to flat heads on the exterior facades. This part of the factory has the remains of a timber framed roof and retains a great deal of the early brick floor. It was the processing room of the sugar factory. The south end of this section was the shipping and packing room with remains of the molasses vats. It is now the location of the below grade swimming pool. Ruins of the retaining walls for the wagon loading platform are appended to the southeast corner. t I ' Form No 10-300a (Hev 10-74) UNITI.D STA Il'S DI PARTMLNT 01 THi; INTI RIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED yg ^ DATE ENTERED___________ CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE Two The western section of the factory structure, 13' 7" wide, also gable roofed with rubble walls, was the distillery or still house, the boiling room and coal storage area. The still room is located at the south end, with its floor set a full level below grade. There are two windows in the south end wall and three in the west, all with slots for wrought iron security bars, now missing. Part of the still remains, built on an elevated platform with its furnace set below. The front part of the west wall, tapering to flat heads on the exterior, with a single, large arched opening to the square boiler room. The boiler room is set behind the massive chimney, at the north end of the west wall. The square tapered chimney is constructed of rubble and brick with brick linings at the corners and a brick cornice band and cap. A two story wing, 45’ x 23' is appended to the southwest corner of the distillery area. Gable roofed with rubble walls, this was the cooperage. An 18' x 22' vaulted roof cistern is located to the south of the cooperage and has evidences of the pipeline that connected it to the pot still in the distillery. Nothing remains of the small settlement at the harbor which was associated with Estate Little Princess. I’ D SIGNIFICANCE PERIOD —PREHISTORIC —1400 1499 —1500-1599 —1600*1699 X-1700-1799 X-1800 1899 -1900- ^archeology-prehistoric _archeology-historic j^AGRICULTURE ■architecture -ART __C0MMERCE ^COMMUNICATIONS areas of significance - CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOW _C0MMUN1TY PIANNING _IANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE _CONSERVATION _ECONOMICS _education _ENGINEERING _EXPLORATION/SETTLEMENT _INDUSTRY _1NVENTI0N —LAW —LITERATURE —MILITARY —MUSIC —PHILOSOPHY __POLITICS/GOVERNMENT —RELIGION —SCIENCE —SCULPTURE —SOCIAiyHUMANITARIAN —THEATER —TRANSPORTATION —OTHER (SPECIFY) SPECIFIC DATES 1749, 1849 BUILDER/ARCHITECT STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE history of the Virgin Islands. During the 17th and inaiS.°‘5h^ Danes Sp°rrh.rtS? SllnCs ^e« »lth a pe^anent slte^^ ral^^pirni-lo’Se'J^SrpioiJSirS- corerce and trading. The purchase of St. Thomas in 1671 tor trade bases. Estate Little Princess comprised »’esters” ' steam factory (1849) and a Frederik Moth, SriuK SLJSloilrSro? croix^and^the^man *o Planned^th^ colonization of St. Croix an ui .7 ^ West India Company born in 1694 in Copenhagen ^nd was p appointed the Company's Alette Moth, married Peter Heyliger, Jr., who owned the E from 1758-1769. Sii t"h?^^ I?!aSrL’?r3r-Hr„=.^dISayS Jlljf trSeLcLon Princes; af^hfeSenS^ftL'esrindL f^^Jhe^Company^then S?!''c^Slx''from^thrCompS Tl^S^n^'^rSainid^Little Princess as royal property The name. Little Princess appears for the time in 1802 and the Estate was also known as Little Princessa. In 1834, Robert Inne MAJOR BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES A History of the Virgin Islands of the United States, VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION The nominated property is located at #52 Estate Little Princess, Epping, Essex: Bowker Publishing Co., 1974 1 Lewisoln, Florence. St. Croix Under Seven Flags. Hollywood, Florida: The Dukane Press, 1970 II EQgeographical data 45' North latitude ! ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY 5-03 64 43' 34" V7est longitude h UTM REFERENCES '■'2, 1 A| , 1 1 1 , 1 , , 1 1 , i 8 t , , 1 B| , 1 1 1 , 1 . . 1 1 . 1 . 1 . , 1 ZONE EASTING NORTHING ZONE EASTING NORTHING 1^ cl , 1 1 1 . 1 I , i 1 , 1 . 1 , , 1 dI 1.1 1 1 , 1 1 . 1 1 I 1 . I 1 t t • r LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES STATE N/A code county CODE STATE CODE COUNTY CODE EJform prepared by NAME/TITLE Russell Wricrht, Philip Lader June 6. 1977 ORGANIZATION DATE Virain Islands Flannina Office (809) 774-1730 STREET & NUMBER TELEPHONE P.O. Box 2606 CITY OR TOWN STATE Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas U. S. virain Islands Estate historic preservation officer certification THE EVALUATED SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS PROPERTY WITHIN THE STATE IS. NATIONAL___ STATE____ LOCAL X As the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665). I hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the criteria axuip^egidures set forth by the N jtf^ngl Park Service. HISTORIC PRESERVATIQK OFFICER SIGNATURE TITLE Director of Planning DATE /^7;> FDR NPS USE ONLY I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS PROPERTY IS INCLUDED IN THE NATIONAL REGISTER DATE DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF ARCHEOLOGY AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION ATTEST: DATE KEEPER OF THE NATIONAL REGISTER GPO 892.45: 1 I L Form No 10 300a (Hev 10-74) UNIl LU STAH:S l)l;PARTMl.NT OI Till: INTI RIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED AUG 1 5 1977 DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 9 PAGE Three Grant sold 18^5 acres of the Estate to Governor Peter von Scholten. From 1879 - 1915, the Estate was owned by Emil Switzer, who entertained many internationally prominent scientists there. By 1900, the Estate was still turning out brown "muscovado" and making profits in good years. The Estate was donated to the Nature Conservancy in 1970 by Clayton and Opal Shoemaker. The Estate inspired a poem, "Legend of Little Princess, St. Croix," by the native historian, J. Antonio Jarvis. The greathouse's double masonry arcade is typical of 18th century Danish architecture and with Butler's Bay, it has one of the most notable arched galleries on the island. The Estate also includes a windmill, steam mill with elaborate chimney cornice, factory, well tower, slave quarters and overseers' house. Form No 10-300a (Hev. 10-74) UNlTtDSTAMiS DI PARTMLNTOI TUL INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FORNPSUSE ONLY AUG 1 5 1977 RECEIVED DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 9 PAGEPour Zabriske, L. K. The Virgin Islands of the United States of America - Historical and Descriptive Commercial and Industrial Facts, and Resources: New York, 1918 Figures McGuire, James William. Geographic Dictionary of the Virgin Islands. Special Publication No. 103 (Serial No. 269) , United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, Department of Commerce. Washington, D. C. 1925 Westergaard, Waldemar Christian. The Danish West Indies Under Company Rule (1671 0 1754), With a Supplementary Chapter, New York, 1917. Interview with Mrs. Opal Shoemaker by Annie Hillary, November 22, 1976 A-' I Property State ^ Q Number^, ^ TECHNICAL Photos___^ Maps __ l_ CONTROL C ^ ^-o-c "? /<;^. P7 HISTORIAN (34u- ((f 6cc^r / -Y' ' SkeMA. ^vvcuc* «*«>'**^ ^ ^**Vt3T*** tu<.Ac«>Wi-'^wrG- ^'SU(^&l«»^^ 2 Si^i^tjccL>ca- ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN ft£4u^^—■ It I lf ARCHEOLOGIST y/ld^d /54- y&2-C/t^cx>^ OTHER i; HAER Inventory Review ^ REVIEW UNIT CHIEF QAUjUs. Afi/^ iiLA'ir/i!! vii^^friJuifaiiK toaae^ WQjtroLcX Ml RAI BRANCH CHIEF KEEPER National Register Write-up Federal Register Entry Send-back Entered Re-submit S . !?l' IN T :2 1 06. 74 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service WASO No. 7 / i ’ .1 I * v/ v/ NAME OF PROPERTY / . V'/ > :> - r STATE X'. 'S The attached National Register Inventory-Nomination form is being returned to your office fc clarification of the information indicated below. PLEASE RETURN THIS FORM WHEN THE NOMINATI IS RESUBMITTED. Description: figprse oes.cn-tvb(g f=^.Luv|- 6u.6M rtHg, tLatvvt— Po6uArtA^*A-VTjno pSu-cU- AS » PtVp~C0 6>iggVyl^^ op 6 (ACU LQC^LA,U^P •______________ 8 statement of Significance: / Bibliography: Geographical Data — Acreage: UTM Reference(s): PteA^e >jotp; cf R(7€z-'v^gy»s» Fo»t^vy\ . Verbal Boundary Description: ______________________ 12 Certification: •" ^^HlLUU^PutrAse pfLouiiog a ■6?i^^gTiCif aaaiS iCWVfii^g^ Ttrfe /^g~ATl>^xt.ge. Titg 6>iuaJr i Map Coverage: ^A^.lA -loi-i>4 -kotogw. AvNQ Ot>CAf.ig<!vJ<^ -—— Otji A t-yl C / Other: TX-v- , , ■, . V ti V d.A iji c I (L ■t(- kct'/xa-i^' Questions concerning this nomination may be directed to on the National Register staff, telephone ? Thank you for your attention to the above items. _ ^ _________ Date: Jjj!4. A>.\32S. Chief, Branch of Registration _ ______ I M 1 I t. - I • T' ■ FHR-0-300 (11-78) United States Department of the Interior Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory—Nomination Form See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms Type ail entries—complete applicable sections 1. Name PorHCRSuse^ received 8 1980 JM historic Estate Little Princess and/or common Estate Little Princessa 2. Location Street & number Northwest ol: Christiansted not for publication city, town Christiansted ^vicinity of congressional district 1 state virgin Islands 78 county St. Croix code 0200 3. Classification Category district building(s) structure X site object Ownership public X private both Public Acquisition in process being considered Status X occupied unoccupied work in progress Accessible X yes: restricted yes: unrestricted ... no Present Use agriculture commercial educational entertainment government industrial military museum park —X private residence religious scientific transportation other: 4. Owner of Property name Nature Conservancy street & number 1800 N. Kent Street city, town Arlington . vicinity of state Virginia 5. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc. Recorder of Deeds street & number Government House city, town Christiansted, St. Croix state U. S. Virgin Islands 6. Representation in Existing Surveys Virgin Islands Inventory of titie Historic Places has this property been determined elegibie? date . federal X state . county . local depository for survey records Virgin Islands Planning Office city,town Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, state u, s. Virgin Islands 7. Description Condition __K excellent ------godd fair Check one ^___deteriorated ____unaltered *X ruins X altered ___ unexposed Check one _X. original site ___ moved date Apri 1 1 Q«n Describe the present and original (if known) physical appearance Estate Little Princess is located approximately one and three-quarter miles west of the town of Christiansted, St. Croix, just within the outer limits of Christiansted Harbor. The Estate presently consists of: two great houses, dating approximately one hundred years apart; an overseer's house; a former steam-powered sugar factory and rum distillery; the remains of a wind-powered sugar mill and well tower; and several outbuildings, including the remains of the original slave village immediately to the west of the original manor house. The first and older of the two greathouses (photo 1) is two-stories in height and "T" shaped in plan, consisting of a rectangular central core (the top of the "T”), measuring 28 by 58 feet and projecting bay, now a kitchen, measuring about 15 by 10 feet. The single roof is hipped and covered with corrugated sheet metal. An impressive two-story arcaded gallery spans the south side of the building, providing access by means of a restored masonry staircase, contained within the eastern most of the six bays, to the second floor residence. The lower floor is presently—and was no doubt originally—used for storage. Bearing walls are of rubble masonry, with brick reinforcement at the splayed window and door openings. Brick also forms the voussoirs of the elliptical arches of the double arcade. The walls throughout are covered with lime plaster and cement except in some areas where the under-lying materials were exposed more recently lor decorative effect. The structure has in fact been altered considerably over the years, most recently during renovations carried out in 1956-57 when the then abandoned property was acquired by the present residents. The roof of the gallery, originally framed, was replaced with reinforced concrete as were the gallery's originally wood floors; however, since the building was open to the elements at the time, the owners felt they had little other choice. Other changes included the provision of a small guest house and one-story garage in the projection to the north of the original building (photo 2). A number of original sheds and out-buildings were apparently incorporated within this addition. Changes on the interior included: The provision of a new tray ceiling, based on examples elsewhere; the provision of a small kitchen and bathroom in the two-bay northern projection; and the installation of modern screens and adjustable jalousies replacing what were no doubt the original casement louvers and storm shutters. None of these changes, however, seriously detract from the overall appearance and historic character of the building—and none are fully unalterable. The second great-house (photo 3 and 4) is located approximately 25 feet to the east on the same axis as the first. Unlike the original house, which it resembles in basic outline and dimensions, this second slightly more elaborate and larger building is roughly "L" shaped in plan (with an additional Kitchen and smaller wing balancing the ell) and one and one half stories high. The arcade gallery is likewise "L" shaped, running in this case along the south and east facades. The front, or south facade, was originally seven bays wide with a centered entrance served by a limestone of ''coral” staircase. A later, one bay wide room has since been added to the southwest corner adding in effect an eighth bay to the south facade and, therefore, to the original gallery. The gallery on the east facade is like­ wise eight bays wide, corresponding to the projecting arm of the ell. FHR-8-300A (11/78) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM RECEIVED ® WoO CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER A second "welcoming arms" staircase, similar to that on the south, approaches from the east. The coral stone and rubber walls throughout are covered with lime plaster patched with cement. Square-headed window and door openings are again flat arched and splayed, the openings and arches being defined by bricks. The roof, sheathed in corrugated sheet metal,follows the conventional pattern: hipped for the main house; sheds for the gallery and southwest extension. As with the first great house, the interior of the second has been substantially altered and now consists of a single large room running on the eastwest axis with a study projecting at the western corner. A single tray ceiling of later composition board spans the area. Bedrooms, three in number, are located in the ell, the kitchen, as explained, projects from the northwest corner. The latter, which retains its original charcoal stove and pyramidal range hood, has been con­ scientiously adapted for modern use (photo 5). A third residential building, originally the overseer’s house, is located approximately 100 feet to the south east (photo 6). This one- story double residence of roughed coursed coral follows a standard regional model, including the traditional hipped roof of corrugated sheet metal. The total dimensions are 16 by 21 and 2/3 feet. The walls rise 10 and 2/3 feet from the ground level. The paired doors of the south facade are matched by a double set of windows on the north. Windows and doors have in turn been altered through the addition of modern louvers. Otherwise, the building remains substantially unchanged. North and west of the overseer's house is the windmill (photos 6 and 7), of the first sugar factory. Typical of windmills in the West Indies, it is conical in shape and is completed by a flat platform to receive the windshaft housing. Built of coral block and originally covered with lime plaster of which traces remain, the structure's clean­ ing openings and entrance were blocked when the crushing mill was converted to a cistern some time after the introduction of a steam- power—and a second factory—after 1850. The well-tower with its own windmill to power the winch, is located southeast of the canemill and factory. Approximately 40 feet high, the tapered circular structure, now overgrown with vegetation and barely accessible, is 11 feet in diameter at its base. Rubble walls are as much as 30 inches thick. The round-headed entrance and two window openings are, as with other buildings in the complex, lined with brick. There is also a corbelled brick platform near the top of the tower for the guidepole used in turning the sails into the wind. The winch platform also remains. FHR-8-300A Cll/78) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF fflSTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR FOS USE RECEIVED DATE ENTERED, , . 'J ^ CONTI NUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 7 PAGE 3 of 4 The ruins of the second sugar factory and rum distillery are located approximately 160 feet southeast of the second great house (photos 8, 9, and 10). Part of the factory has been converted into a garden terrace and swimming pool, but this has been done sympathetically and does not completely Interrupt the original appearance of the structure. Also, most of the original fabric remains Intact. In plan, the factory consists of two long parallel sections running on the north-south axis with a third element, a wagon loading platform, appended to the southend of the east wall and a fourth conjoining element,—a cooperage and large cistern—added to the southend of the west wall. The eastern section of the factory, measuring 29 feet 7 inches by 85 feet 9 inches, features a ten-bay-long arcade on the west balanced by six segmentially arched windows on the east. The south wall is punctured by two windows; the corresponding north wall has only a single wide entrance. The ten arched openings ofthe west wall are built of dressed coral block; all other opening are defined by brick. This part of the factory also includes the remains of a timber-framed roof as well as the remains of a portion of the original brick floor. This first section was originally used as the actual processing room of the sugar factory and would have included a number of iron pans or coppers no longer in evidence. The southend, now the swimming pool, was the shipping and packing area. Ruins of the original wagon loading platform, retained above, are appended to the southeast corner. The other wing of the factory was, as suggested, originally the site of the distillery and cooperage. Although slightly narrower—13 and 1/2 feet compared to about 20—this section conforms in basic outline to the other, again possessing a gable roof and Internally arched window openings. Rather than an arcade, however, there are only three large windows on the west and two small square-headed windows on the south walls. All windows include slots for the original wood security bars, now deteriorated and lost. This second section encompasses the original distillery or "still house", the boiling room and the coal-storage area. The still room is located at the southend with its floor set a full level below grade. Part of the still remains, elevated on a low brick platform with the furnace below. The boiler room is set behind the massive chimney (photo 8) at the northend. The chimney itself is typical in design. As with the rest of the factory, it is constructed of rough, course rubble with certain elements—in this case the cornice band and cap— constructed of brick. FHR-8-300A Cll/78) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM RECEIVED DATE ENTERED CONTI NUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER A final two-story wing, measuring 45 by 23 feet, is appended, as explained, to the southwest corner of the distillery area. This was originally the cooperage and there is evidence of a pipe line connecting it to the pot still of the distillery. Immediately adjacent is an 18 by 22 feet vaulted cistern. The ruins of an extensive slave village (photos 11 and 12) are located approximately 150 feet to the west of the original great house. Only one of what are estimated as originally thirty houses is standing, having been altered through an addition on the north and the provision of new windows and fixtures for use as a servant's residence during the 1950's. The rest consist of low rubble walls, some barely visible. The whole area is over-grown and now accessible only with diffuculty. As with so many other plantations of the period. Little Princess, possesses a certain amount of potential as an archaeological site. The owner has discovered a number of examples of 19C delft and other ceremic were, as well as a nvunber of American Indian antifacts, including flint tools^ scattered about the surface. The area is included in the VI Inventory of archaeological sites, as well, although the boundaries of the potential archaeological site are as yet undefined by tests. These are contemplated in the future. As an historical site, the boundaries of the property are relatively well-defined, based on the existing boundaries of the lot containing the whole complex. Totalling nearly 20 acres, this lot is considered suf­ ficient to protect the integrity of all visible remains as well as any potential resources within the immediate area. 8. Significance Period ___ prehistoric 1400-1499 1500-1599 1600-1699 JL 1700-1799 Areas of Significance—Check and justify below . archeology-prehistoric ___ community planning . archeology-historic ------conservation agriculture X architecture ___art _ economics -Education . _ elhgineering -exploration/settlement _ industry _ invention landscape architecture, law . literature . military music . philosophy . politics/government . religion . science . sculpture . social/ humanitarian . theater . transportation . other (specify) Specific dates Builder/Architect Statement of Significance (in one paragraph) Estate Little Princess is an outstanding example of a sugar plantation and factory dating from the early period of Danish Colonization in the West Indies. Together with Butler Bay to the west—similar in terms of its archi­ tecture and other details—it is also one of the best preserved, its later alterations merely serving to extend the property's life and not to fully alter its original appearance. Deed records suggest that Little Princess was first established in 1749jOr 16 years after the purchase of St. Croix by the Danish Crown,by two young planters, Frederik Moth and Peter Heyliger, both later to became prominent in the political life of the island. Moth eventually serving as governor. Little Princess was perhaps typical of plantations of its kind, designed to help supplement other commercial ventures on the island or within the Danish Colonies. The original complex includes a great house, windmill (builtas early as 1749) well and probably the slave village. Moth, born in Copenhagen in 1694 and moving to St. Thomas in 1722 as a merchant in Danish West India Company, apparently moved into the complex soon afterwards. Accompanying him were probably his wife, the daughter of Lucas van Beverhout, a prominent St. Thomas planter, and their children. His youngest daughter. Alette Moth, eventually inheritedthe estate following her marriage to Peter Heylinger Junior. For a short time before this, however. Moth's ownership came into question when the crown took over title of the property from the company in 1754. Improved by Moth with company funds for many years, it is obvious that there was considerable resentment over this- although in the end Moth appears to have gained control once again. The name. Little Princess, appeared for the first time in 1802; it was also known as Little Princessa. In 1834, Robert Innes Grant, who had purchased it several years before, sold 18 1/2 acres of the estate to Governor Peter von Scholten, who undertook the second phase of improvements. From 1879 to 1915, the Estate was owned by Emil Switzer who entertained a number of internationally known scientists there. As a plantation and factory Little Princess followed the standard pattern of success and decline. By 1900, while the Estate was still turning out "muscovado" and making an occasional profit, there was little hope of its survival as a major producer. During the 1950's, the buildings long in ruins— the roof of the original great house was destroyed in the famous 1928 hurri­ cane which devastated the island—and all its land turned over to grazing, the property was acquired by Clayton and Opal Shoemaker for a vacation home. In 1970 the property, including an additional 5 acre lot to the north was donated to the Nature Conservancy to insure the continued preservation of the site. 9. Major Bibliographical References Dookhan, Isaac. A History of the Virgin Islands of the United States. Epping, Essex! Bowker Publishing Company, 1974. ■--'ii Lewisoln, Florence. St. Croix Under Seven Flags. Hollywood, Florida: The Dukane Press . 1 970 .____________________________________________________ 10. Geographical Data UTM NOT V0OFIED Acreage of nominated property 19.598 Quadrangle name------------------------------ ;^^0 45, 34,, North Latitucfe ACREAGE NOT VERIFIED UMT References 64^^ 43' 33" West Longitude *1 , 11,1. . 1 1 . 1 1 . 1 “ , 1 , 1 , ill. 1 1 1 1 Zone Easting Northing Zone Easting Northing cl . III. ,11, , 1 , , 1 oil ill , 1 I I 1 1 1 E 1 1 III. . 1 1 . 1 . 1 1 . 1 F .Mill., jj 1 I 1 I L 1 1 gI . 1 1 1 I 1 I I 1 1 I 1 I 1 . 1 1 H 1 1 1 1 ill . M I 1 , 1 1 1 1 Verbal boundary description and justification The nominated property is located at #52 Estate Little Princess. 1 ' List all states and counties for properties overlapping state or county boundaries state "/A code ^/A „„„„ N/A code N/A state N/a code N/a county N/a code N/A 11. Form Prepared By (Architectural Historian) name/title Mr. Russell Wright, Mr. Philip Lader, Mr. William Chapman organizatlorr y Isla.nHs Planning Offip.p street & number p. q . Box 2606 .Tnnr^ Pi ^ 1977 / April 12,1980 telephone rSDO) 774-1730 _______ city or town Charlotte Amalie. St. Thomasstate U. S. Virgin Islands 12. State Historic Preservation Officer Certification The evaluated significance of this property within the state is: ___ national state ...X local As the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89- 665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set forth by the Heritage Conservation ^^Recreation Service. State Historic Preservation Officer signature title Director of Plannine .hereby certify that this property Is Included If, the National Register ' ‘ <L00.. AAJIoLU-^ date ' ^^erofwre Nat^ Attest: i/0 . Registi ........ ~ Uk/a ....Zj - - 'vf . fr \ GPO 938 8 3 5 FHR-8-300A (11/78) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR HCRS USE ONLY MAY 6 RECEIVED iiii DATE ENTERED iiilii*# IIB® ■ CONTI NUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 8 page 2 of 2 Architecturally, the Estate is more important for its typical'lx than for its exceptional features. The double arcade of the older great house is a typical element and in fact occurs a number of other plantation great houses of the area, most notably Butler Bay to the west. The second greathouse of 1850 is likewise typical; nor was it entirely unusual for a second house to have been constructed once tastes and needs changed during the mid-Nineteenth Century. The essentially "T" shaped sugar factory, also built around 1850,while more elaborate than most, conformed as well as to the general pattern, as did the earlier conical windmill. Overall Little Princess is an exceptionally well preserved site, its donation to the Nature Conservancy helping to further insure this. The full potential of the site in terms of both prehistoric and historic remains has yet to be fully established. FHR-8-300A Cll/78) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF fflSTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER Zabriske, L. K. The Virgin Islands of the United States of America- Historical and Descriptive Commercial and Industrial Facts, Figures and Resources: New York, 1918. McGuire, James William. Geographic Dictio^nary of the Virgin Islands. Special Publication No. 103 (Serial No. 25'9), United Stafes Coast and Geodetic Survey, Department of Commerce. Washington, D. C. 1925 Westergaard, Waldemar Christian. The Danish West Indies Under Company Rule (1671 ) 1754), With a Supplementary Chapter, New York. 1917. Interview with Mr. Clayton Shoemaker by Mr. William Chapman, February 15, 1980. Interview with Mrs. Opal Shoemaker by Annie Hillary, November 22, 1976, 1 OLD 6-REAT HOUSE 2 NEW GREAT HOUSE 3 OVER<LEEa%> HOUSE ’H wrMOroX LI­ S' WELU 6 FftCTO^V q CV'^.TfeRKJ 8 SLAVE 'u1LLA(5-E LOT NO. 52 cA,fo:'&?;EhN SEft 5T/\TE LITTLE PRINCESS , C'STED , ST CROIX r=150’ MAY &—198&- f.Atoh LdtL Pa state Working Number g Ca^^<XauJI TECHNICAL Photos /3 Maps _Jl 7^ •fhji %^IL Ui ^ S, CONTROL \*H8 i-a«7rfvi^ HISTORIAN <^*-*JVl<QCUU<^ ^ Cl''A.^n*-3fV»—•*- ^XC^Vwc. \m\V*V- Ca(LLc9x*^ «n I^flCAO — 2. *lV''«<»-f^\4rU/lA-v . nwi r*> ^ ■ V ftu CrtlluJK»^ O 4ciNii^/vAo — 2. •jv'^««-f<\4ru/\a*^ ^ ov^jusS^Qa^ v»C>a-^wCsQQ T“ y'U—-BoctfiK^ . -fri^ Ouo^4-(9c.. oay CXWU ' ARCHITECTURAL HISTORIAN * ‘ LjiolS^ ARCHEOLOGIST OTHER HAER Inventory Review REVIEW UNIT CHIEF BRANCH CHIEF KEEPER National Register Write-up Send-back O' <^’cf Re-submit Entered JUN 9 1980 Federal Register Entry United States Department of the Interior - Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service ■ ?■ JUN 9 '980 WASO-I66 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR (AusutI 1971) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE TELEPHONE REPORT DATE /_ T.MEOFCAUU 1. CAUL TO; | 1 FROM (Namv) CPU'^-^ /4-<Sl,£6Ly^^^ S. SUBJECT. PROJECT NO.. ETC. 2. ADDRESS (Tel. No. if needed) ^Of-yyc/^/ySo 4. DETAILS OF DISCUSSION ^ Q> 0 C-Uy^y^^yx/i^'^P^T^ /tU'jS yi/^ ^ Sc-<1-A<A^ ^ ^ (Ti CO ^ ^^ /J'JXKJ P'Pc'f-a-c ^^n^r-r~i-^‘^ . > '. 7? S\JJ' cJ^,a.<M- /^ hrJX (>c^ Uo~K, <\y^ /y^(»^ y~^ Q-trJ-t^Jyy^ i^ti^l ^y~D^ rPljL, 4C<1^^ /► S/ZPO , J NAME OF^PERSON PLACING/RECEtVING CALL title OFFICE jvML /V^ /(/<_ 7/ I ^ ' ‘V- « V '*: C ■■■• ri. , '■ 7. :p ' i ^ . .4-;. GOVERNMENT OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS OF THE UNITED STATES ---------0---------- / iV ■ ' V'-- • .•V'', ■• ^ U . ::'h ■ -- -i , : ■ ;,i OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR VIRGIN ISLANDS PLANNING OFFICE P. O. Box 2606 Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, V.l. 00801 April 17, 1980 Ms. Carol Shull, Acting Keeper National Register Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service 440 G Street Washington, DC 20243 '■ 'V- • ... ‘4 ••', '■' ■ ■- ' ■ . • ■*. ’ ' ■ " 1.,; ■ ■ * ■ ■>. "IC ■f' s ' »■< 8 «80 ATTENTION: Carol Duby Dear Ms. Shull: Enclosed is a revised version of our 1977 nomination for Estate Little Princess, St. Croix, United States Virgin Islands. As the nomination has been delayed for some time, I would very much appreciate it if you could process it as quickly as possible. Thank you very much. Sincerely yours, Thomas R. Blake Director of Planning, SHPO WRC/TRB/sgfg Enclosure ■ . 'i ■'■’^'4 -i-■ ’ ■ ‘ 'ft- 'V', ; , ' v> ■ Jo ir^ ■4 '■ ", ? ■ '"f -;4 - 4 ■■ s|5A'- - 3 - TVl. V' 1/ ■ ' T' '* - ■ ' • fjj5!4i3A5yinft: \ V',„, y ■V- V •r -i- ■ ■ ■. ■-■■'" ■ ■ - > .... '•f, , " .4;. . t. ■flS ’■f '4'^" -v|^ ■ii -*• , “•' * -V .V- . > ' •>' i4' U S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICE TELEPHONE REPORT I. CAL.I. PTtO; I I FROM (Hm TIME OF CALL ^ * 2. ADDRESS (T»U No. U tfdmd) S. SUBJECT. PROJECT NO.. ETC. 4. DETAILS OF DISCUSSION ^vuh (/JfL UJ (jdi^ Ajl uudt^ ^ /. ovuY\ij^<di^ \Ot^dLsu 6YJU^ CL (jZXAy^ JluuL CrUML^ rk ^ ^ y- duUt^jju/yhi^ '/) L NAME or rENEON PL ACINO/REC El VINO CALL ^9l€- OFFICE FHR-8-227 June 1978 f I wAiVer letl^ir- <^ollefle The Nature Conservancy 1800 North Kent Street, Arlington, Virginia 22209 (703) 841-5300 May 15, 1980 Ms. Carol Shull Acting Keeper National Register of Historic Places Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service 440 G St., NW Washington, D.C. 20243 ‘4 ■i Re: National Historic Landmark Designation Little Princess, U.S. Virgin Islands Dear Ms. Shull: On behalf of The Nature Conservancy, owner of a 20 acre tract of land on St. Croix, United States Virgin Islands, known as Little Princess, I am hereby asking that you waive the 30 day land owner comment, and designate said area as a National Historic Landmark. We are aware of the impact in listing this area on the National Register of Historic Places as well as the incentives and dis­ incentives of the Tax Reform Act. Designation of this area as an historic landmark is an action that we have been pursuing for a number of years. Raf M./Culter, Vice President Dikecjror of Stewardship RMC/jf *ii 100% Req/c/ed Paper m'UOTL REGlSTtK Of HISTORIC PLACES MAY I 6 date REC'D INDlvn'^'L RESPONSE (ATTACHED) i... .; -TERIAL sent T L. .1 iloNi- CALL (ATTACHED) DATE ACTI»:;N TAKEN INITIALS __ . . '' • I -K,. —------- O' ' . U S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND RECREATION SERVICE 1.1 (>160 TELEPHONE REPORT TIME of CALL ^ 1. CALL 0 TO; [n from (Mmmtm) 2. ADDRESS {Tt. tio, it n»mdmd) QjAjiMy ^cdOUA4y CAaJLAUO/^ CL^ a. SUBJECT. PROJECT NO.. ETC. ojj lutiju Pr\\<\cz^ 4. DETAILS OF DISCUSSION 'nc'd ^ ^^IAiO^UUjhJI ci ^rtcLA^ . ^3 - ^-A , '.^ .£-! m. NAMC OF FCItaON PL ACINO/nCC El VINO CALL OFFICE ■’I FHR-8-227 June 1978 ENTRIES IN THE NATIONAL REGISTER STATE VIRGIN ISLANDS Date Entered JUN 9 Ncune Location Estate Little Princess Chrlstlansted St. Croix County Also Notified Honorable Melvin H. Evans / State Historic Preservation Officer Mr. Thomas Blake Planning Director Virgin Islands Planning Board Charlotte Amalie St. Thomas, Virgin Islands 00801 >i / Mi ../ % - •iS- '■ Byers/mjd 6/23/80 For further information, please call the National Register at (202)343-6401. <1 T)NAME as it appears on federal register: ^tate LiU:le^rjI:ncess ___________________ (g)LCy^'^ibN street & i oil ml. NW of Chrlstlansted JSTiTt □MUNICIPAL GCOUNn GMyLl/r'LL Cl/tDE NATIONAL REGISTER DATA SHEET \OTHER NAMES’. ^^date of entry; county code- town vicinity of state 1 county (^NPS REGION Christiansted V.I. St. Croix __ Southeast ® OWNER RiPRIVATE GSTAU OMUNICIPAL DERALtagency name)_ , (^ADMINISTRATOR itutw KfilStfl MtSISIlE »IS«l6b C3KS, WtME ■ ' ■ ' ■■■ -■ 83KE EXISTING SURVEYS OHABS GHAER □NHl|(^FUNDED-> Dyes GNO ®C0NGRESS. district 1st |@S0URCE o< nomination___ 3iSTATE_G FEDERAL 8«$«I8I6 unwiwiia am. »w£. (^CONDITION □ excellent □ good □ fair □ deteriorated □ ruins □ unexposed □ unexcavated □ altei-ed □ unaltered □ reconstructed □ excavated □ original site □ moved □unknown ^KIEWf 5.03 state wtio prepared form? □ local Gprivate organization (^features: J.DSUBSIANTIALLT INTACI-1 ^DSUBSTANTIALLY INTACT-2 ^GSUBSTANTIALLY INTACT■ 3 2g mot INTACT-O (X, 2Gnot intact-o UNKNOWN-4 ?Dmot applicable-? “□UNKMOWN-5 So NOT APPLICABLE-8 ©□NOT INTACT -O >□ UNKNOWN-6 ;□ NOT APPLICABLE - 9 *— ^ a V n v«.e va — LJ HIM ArrLiifRDLL • uiL_j nui Rrrm/RDLt O Ui LJ "twI ArrLPUHOLL C7 (^ACCESS OYES-Restricted □ YES-Unrestricted □ No Access □ Unknown |@ADAPTIVE USE OYES DH^I^ SAVtD?qYES | IS PROPERTY A HISTOR 1C DISTRICT? □ yes Gno /nsARITAfi GTdATT'E'Tr’A iur<1? ■ ..... ....... ........ .. r-l i lun.-... nr _______ ... r-l i>r n nr ■ T1u nn fiSKltT. A TIWIS ' @ AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE ; □ ARCHEOLOGY-prehistoric-2 □ COMMERCE-6 QARCHEOLOGY-historic-1 □ AGRICULTURE-3 □ ARCHITECTURE-4 □ ART-5 □ ENGINEERING-11 □ ENTERTAINMENT-26 □ COMMUNICATIONS-? □ EXPLORATION -12 □ CONSERVATION-8 □ ECONOMICS-9 □ EDUCATION-10 □ HEAlTH-27 □ INDUSTRY-13 □ IMVENTION-14 □ LANDSCAPE ARCH.- 15 □ LAW-16 □ LITERATURE-17 □ MILITARY-18 □ MUSIC- 19 □ PHILOSOPHY-20 □ POLITICS/G0YT.-21 DRECREATIOH -28 □ REllGION-22 □ SETTLEMENT-29 □ SCIENCE- 23 DURBAN PLANMING-31 □ SOCIAl/HUMANITARIAN-24 □ OTHER (SPECIFY) □ SOCIAL /CUlTURAl-30 ________________ □ TRANSPORTATION-25 _____ CLAIMS , explain first’□ ‘ oldest’ □ •only’ □ ^functions WHEN HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT: CURRENTLY: ^dates of initial cdistructien: major alterations: historic ovents: ^ETHNIC GROUP ASSOCIATION ^architectural style(s): ^architect: ^master builder: ^engineer: ^landscape architect / garden designer: ^interior decorator: ^ artist: partisan: ^builder/oontractor: NAMES give role date '^PERSONAL; events: INSTITUTIONAL: ^NATIONAL REGISTER WRITE-UP r««i»v¥*r» initials. .date. IIP ADDITIONAL SPACE NEEDED. NUMBER i PUT ON REVERSEI