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ApgpifflbcB REEF BAY SUGAR FACTORY HISTORIC DISTRICT JUL 23 1981 I) ^ / DESCRIPTIOH: Reef Bay Factory Historic District lies at the head of Reef Bay immediately be­ hind the beach. In addition to the factory, the district has a horsemill, the remains of 3 small dwellings, a free standing bake oven, an expound, a cemetery with one marked grave and a well and drinking trough. Reef Bay Estate, of which the factory is part, came under cultivation early in the l8th century as a cattle and cotton plantation. About l800 it was joined with Par Force Estate to the north and the combined esta es of more than UOO acres were devoted to the cul­ tivation of sugar cane. Reef Bay Factory is the best preserved of its kind in the Virgin Islands and has retained its coppers, flues, crystalization platform, tool racks and other featiires of the sugar manufacturing process as well as a complete mid-19th century steam powered cane crushing system housed in a i860 addition to the factory. This addition as well as the secondary buildings of the complex are constructed strictly for their utilitarian purposes and little effort has been given towards creating an architectural impression. The older section of the factory, on the other hand, exhibits considerable evidence of preoccupation with architectural decoration. It stands on an articulated base with stucco band work at corners and aroimd windows and door openings. A double band takes the place of a cornice and tlje space between them is divided in panels corresponding to the fenestration of the wall below. Acroterions define the corners of the main elements of the structure. The ornamental plaster work is carried through on the interior, and there ane indications of a color treatment of band work as well as grooved and painted Joints of the plaster and stucco emphasizing the architectural effect. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Reef Bay Factory Historic District is significant for its well preserved "works" which clearly illustrate late l8th and early 19th century sugar production prac­ tices and for the architectural quality of its factory building. Latitude: l8° 19* 30" Longitude: 64° UU' k2" Acreage: 5 acres There are no OTM references on any published maps of the IT.S. Virgin Islands. VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION: The historic limits of the factory compound are bordered to the north and west by the trail from centerline road and the Reef Bay shoreline and to the south and east by the mangrove swamp that separates the factory site from the higher land towards the northeast. The boundaries include the presence of all parts of the historical resource as defined by the natural barriers of the swamp and the sea and the historical access trail. JUL23I98I . Ap^pend^B, Historic^Dismct FIELB INVi;..lVuRY KL,I*Uia ■ ) ' . <ACtacir4“x5" B&W Photo; ORGANIZATION J • I P>/'?ION StouIheast PARK/AREA NAME Virgi^t Islands Nat'l Park CODE NO, _,.5,36^ .' STRUCTURE NAME Horsemill, Reef Bay Estate • STRUCTURE NO, H-13.1 ; r ORDER OF SIGNIFICANCE: National {H] ^ State nn "Local I { I LOCATION OF STRUCTURE:Shoreline of Reef Bay 1 3/4 miles soutn oi v^emerxino tyudu UTM REFEMINCE* A Li J LLi. i I Li. CLASS VI LAND ACREAGE-(if not 1 1 1 part of a complex p_r district: Zone Easting Northing acres. STRUCTURE; Type of, and comnosition; Earth fill platform retained by rubble st^e walls, mill is circular in shape. ■ ____________ Physical Description: The Horsemill is a raised circular earth platform j&urr to six feet above ,grade with.a diameter of 80' and defined by-rubble masonry retaining walls on all sides. A ramp leads up to the horsemill from the east. Both the footings of the' original grinding me chanism and the brick gutter through which the cane juice was led to the boiling house have been preserved. In addition, the mill has the steam-driven cane crushers installed in 1862, They a-re located to the northwest on masonry footings straddling the edge of the mill retaining wall. rx: Latitude 18^19*30" Longitude. 64^44 (continue on reverse if necessary) PRESENT CONDITION; Excellent Ruins 1 1 Unaltered Good Altered Fair 1 { De t e rio ra ted Original Site 1 xl Moved ■ Report prepared by: i ■ I Jit 23 1981 Appendix B, Historic District ...... . . , , , • REG ION Southeast STRUCTURE NAME Factory, Reef Bay Estate ■ • ’ I ORDER OF SIGNIFICANCE: CLASSIFIED _ .rCTURE FIELD INVENTORY REPORT vAttacU iiiSW Photo^ NFS ORGANIZATION ____ park/area NAMEVirgin Islands Nat'l P?^rk- . CODE NO, National STRUCTURE NO. State [Xi ■ Local jH] I LOCATION OF STRUCTURE;Sh.oreline of Reef Bay 1 3/4 miles south of Centerline Road UTM REFERENCE: A Ll J LI 1 CLASS Vi LAND ACREAGE.(if not J 1 Ll 1 1 1 part of a complex or district; Zone . East:i. n g Nor t h 1 n g acres. STRUCTURE: Type of, and composition: -t^-iastered brick and rubble masonry laid out in a T shape and with extensions towards the north and southwest Physical Description; The factory is of brick and rubble masonry construction with stuccoed and plaster walls. The older__section of the factory hnd a flat vnnf __ addition of the IdbOs, a hipped roof. The older section of'the factory is "T' shaped in plan, almost identical to the illustration of the ideal factory in P '* Oxholm's book.'Over de Vestindiske Cers Tilstanfl. pnhlisLprl in r:opg.n>i Ll. 1797. The stem of the T is 4Q'6" wide bv 37' long, and contains the hniling with a boing bench of five "coppers" along the west wall over a flue and a fnrna West of the boiling house,but within the stem of the "T", is the firing trench. C£.. where the furnace was stoked. The firing trench had a roof supported on arches and square pillars. Three rectangular windows below the level of the firing trench roof and two circular vents in the space between the roof of the firing trench and the higher roof of the boiling house allowed the steam from the boiling bench to escape. The boiling house is divided into two sections by a wall running north- south with the large arched openings. had a slightly lower roof and houses the crystallization oan^ The eastern section, like the firing trench. Two windows and a door in the east wall and south wall, respectively, provided additional ventilation Latitude IS IQ'30" Longitud 64°44'42" (continue on reverse if necessary) PRESENT CONDITION: Excellent j J Good Fair (| Deteriorated! 1 Ruins I X J Unaltered j X] Altered Original Site ] x Moved 1 1 Report prepared by: J w Q 1^7 C' , JUL ? 3 1981 Appendix B, Historic District ; C'lASSIFIEJj STRUCTURE FIELD INVENTORY REPORT i (Attach 4"xi" B&W Photo) NFS ORGANIZATION ____ PARK/AREA NAME Islands Nat'l Park qqj)e nO. 5360 REGION Southeast STRUCTURE NAME Dwelling T\Tr>. T _ F*a rtnyy Rtqpf B av Estatp. a STRUCTURE NO. ^ 1 ORDER OF SIGNIFICANCE; National j~] State □ . Local -'Ms! !/ LOCATION OF STRUCTURE; Shoreline of Reef Bav I 3/4 miles south of Centerline Road UTM. REFERENCE; A Lt_I Ll_i. Zone > E a 8 i i t n g U- North .1. ! ! 1 n s CLASS VI LAND ACREAGE-(if not | part of a complex or district;- acres. STRUCTURE; Typs of, and composition; Wood structure on a masonry fnntinp rectangular in shape. Physical Description; Dwelling No. 1 of Reef Bav Factory Site is ZO' east of the factory and -was a 'shangled two-room, one-story wood frame structure with a gable roof measuring 20'xl5'. Its date of construction is late but not determined definitely. It '* collapsed in 1960 and only the masonry footings of its exterior walls remain- ‘Datitude 18°1Q'30" Longitude 64°44'42' (continue on reverse, if necessary) PRESENT CONDITION; Excellent j Good Fair J Deteriorated! 1 Ruins 1 X| Unaltered j X Altered Original Site ]X j Moved 1 i Report prepared by; 73 I M o JU. 23 1981 Appendix B, Histrict CLASSIFIED STRUCTURE FIELD INVENTORY REPORT (Attach 4"x5*' B&W Photo) REGION Southeast NFS ORGANIZATION park/area name Virgin Islands Nat'l Park CODE NO, 5 360 STRUCTURE NAME Dweninp- No. 2. Factory. Reef Bav Estate STRUCTURE NO. H-13.4. State 1 I Local { X ( ORDER OF SIGNIFICANCE: National I 1 c-t ’ LOCATION OF STRUCTURE: Shoreline of Reef Bay 1 3/4 miles south of Centerline Road UTM REFERENCE: - A l_,_J Ll_i. Zone East J 1 t n g L_i. .1. I I Nor th ing CLASS VI LAND ACREAGE.(if not part of a complex or district:* acres. lype or, and composition: Plastered rubble masonry one-story rectanpul ar. _ ______________ !_________________________________ Physical Description: Dwelling No. 2 of Reef Bay Factory Site is located 50' east of the factory and slightly south of dwelling No. 1. It is a one-story rubble . . masonry structure with a gable roof 36' by 15' of early construction, possibly predating the factory. The'east and south wall haye collapsed. The two remain^ •’ ing walls stand to th^^^ full height. T.atitfide lS*^1Q'3n" T.nngitnde 64 44'42" (continue on reyerse if necessary) PRESENT CONDITION: Excellent J Good Fair 1 j Deteriorated! Ruins 1 X 1 Unaltered j X Altered Original Site 1 Xj Moyed 1 1 Report prepared by; 4 « 1 , ssr- Appendix B, Hi storic District JUL 2 3 198! ■ CLASSIFIEi' ■VRUCTURE ■<Attacir4"x5'' .ORY REPORT NPS ORGANIZATION PARK/AREA NAMEVirgin Islands Nat'l Park CODE NO. 5360 :0 REGION Southeast STRUCTURE NAME Dwelling No. 3. Factory.Reef Bay Estate ORDER OF SIGNIFICANCE: National State £ STRUCTURE NO. H-13. 5 Local { y| LOCAiXUiM ui? oiRuv/iuxc.; tjnoreiine oi Keel Jr>ay i o/*± iiuxes ouutu oi v^cxn-c. UTM REFERENCE: A LiJ U_i. Zone . East i i t 1. n g i ! Northing CLASS VI LAND ACREAGE*(if not ^ part of a complex or district;-* acres, j STRUCTURE; Type of, and composition: Rubble masonry, one-story rectangular in shape :................................................................................................................. ..............- Physical Description; Dwelling No. 3 of Reef Bay Factory site is located about 50 yards southeast of the factory and 20 yards east of the horsemill.' It is a single room, rubble m?ism-iry structure with a gable roof. ' It measures lO'xlS' and the walls are only partially Latitude 18*-^19'30" Longitude 64^44'4Z" (continue on reyerse if necessary) PRESENT CONDITION; Excellent __I Good Fair [ 1 Deteriorated! i Ruins ]X ] Unaltered jX Altered Oriainal Site ] X| Moved 1 I Report prepared by; • *. 1 r JUL 23 1981 Appendix B, Histo::^^,^i^trict nw.^ CL/\SSII-lED STRUGTUIIK FIELD lisTEN’/URY REEGRT Attach 4'‘x5‘‘' E^icW ^ ORGANIZATION ___ PARK/AREA NAME Virgin Islands Nat'l Park CODE NO, 5360 . . REGION Southeast F STRUCTURE NAME Bake Oven, Factory. Reef Bav Estate . ‘ . ORDER OF SIGNIFICANCE; National 1“! 'r ____ STRUCTURE NO. A State rn Local [3 LOCATION OF STRUCTURE; of Reef Bav 1 e/r miles south of UTM A REFE|IENCE; Zone Easting J I Li 1 I Northing CLASS VI LAND ACREAGE,(if not part of a complex or district;' acres. STRUCTURE; Type of, and composition; square in shape. Plastered rubble and brick masonry. Physical Description; A free standing bake oven is located approximately 3Q. .lent, south of dwelling No. 2. It is 5 by 5 feet square and is construeted in plastered.. rubble masonry with brick lining of openings, bahing eh amber, and. 3 Vi V\ /• Tn _____ _ ___________ _____ _______ ________________ ________ Xg C .. design it conforms to the standard design of the smaller bake ovens found in the. Virgin Islands. ■ It has no flue. Combustion was fed bv the draft through the..ash­ pit at ground level and smoke and gases produced in the burning of the fuel- escaped through the feed door to the baking chamber. Q-nre the entire_masnrniy- mass had acquired the desired heat the baking chamber was rake.d._aut and.the products to be baked placed in the chamber. To prevent rapid dissinltation qI heat, doors were placed over both the openings to the baking chanaber and the. rake out opening of the ash pit... l^atitude 18^19'30" Longitude 64Q44'42" (continue on reverse if necessary) PRESENT CONDITION; Excellent 1 Good Fair 1 1 Deteriorated X Ryins j | Unaltered | X Altered Original Site 1 X | Moved i 1 Report prepared by; ■4 STRUGiJRfl }■' ..'-GO INVi^T^TORY RZFORT <.AttacuT'’xS" ii&W Photol ^ • ^ ^ NFS ORGANIZATION PA^/AREA NAME Virgin Islands Nat'l Park CODE NO. REG ION Southeast ' STRUCTURE NAME Oxpound, Factory, Reef Bay Estate STRUCTURE NO. .H . ORDER OF SIGNIFICANCE; National LOCATION OF STRUCTURE:Shoreline of Reef Bay, 1 3/4 miles south of Centerline Road UTM REFERENCE: CLASS Vl LAND ACREAGE" (if not | part'of a complex or district; • acres. \ Northing Zone ■Easting STRUCTURE; Type of, and composition; An area roughly triangular in shape defined by dry stone walls and the retaining wall r>f fhp hn-rsiamin Physical Description; An irregular shaped oxpound defined by dry stone walls and the retaining walls of the horsemill extends outward in a southeasterly direction from the ho^se- mill. It appears to be an enclosure for confining such dray animals used in thel 'working of the draw of the horsemill during peiods of rest more than an ox­ pound proper. No traces have been observed of a corral shelter or feeding troughs as is generally observed in expounds proper ’ Latitude 18°19'30" Longitude 64°44'42" 1 1 (continue on reverse if necessary) PRESENT CONDITION: Excellent I Good Fair 1 j Deteriorated! xi Ruins 1 1 Unaltered | m; Altered Original Site 1x 1 Moved ! 1 Report prepared by; F"' '"-ns,' -"T.-' JU. 2 3 1981 Appendix B, HistoMk strict ' • ' >'-i r,TRUCTURS FIELD INVENTORY RliirOKT . ^ ^Attach 4''x:>' Pnoto) ^ ORGANIZATION RKfiTON Southeast PARK/AREA NAMPyirgin Islands Nat'l Park . .CODE NO, .£i£X)---- O STRUCTURE NAME Cemetery. Factory. Bp^fBay Flstata— State ORDER OF SIGNIFICANCE: National [ STRUCTURE NO, H-13..8 Local C3 4V -1 LOCATION OF STRUCTURE:Shoreline of ef Bay 1 3/4 miles south of Centerline Road, CLASS vi LAND ACREAGE, (if not ‘ UTM REFERENCE: . A l_li_K LI—j Zone EastingUL I. J. 1 i Northing part' of a complex or district: acres '4 STRUCTURE: Type of. and composition: One raised masonry and monumented ,g.y.axg ^ a cemetery with undefined limits; ....- I Physical Description: An ill-defined cemetery is located southeast of the horsemill and south of the expound. It is Imown to contain the graves of three members of the Marsh family. Only one. the grave of William Marsh is monumented. by a buildup masonry structure surmounted by a standing cross. T.atitude i8^19'30" Fonpitude 64^44'42>'_ PRESENT CONDITION: Excellent 1 Good Fair ^ j DeterioratedlX 1 Original Site [ X Moved 1| Ruins i 1 . Unaltered J X Altered _ —^ ^ ^ ^ - -- ^ J- Report prepared by: % 'H " ..................... ')^i Jli 2 3 1981 " Ap'pendix, HistoriJ“^^4^ict “T ' . ■ c:LA‘JSIi’j : • • lUCTUKK. FCiiLD- %,y\fi.mVliY liU'Oiii. ' \.Av,uacl; ta) REG ION Southeast STRUCTURE NAME Well and Drinking Trough. Repf Rn.y Fstatp. „ STRUCTURE NO. H'-l3^_9 Local { ■NFS ORGANIZATION PARK/AREA Virgin Islands Nat'l Park CODE NO. ,5360_ ORDER OF SIGNIFICANCE; National □ ^ State 1 1. I a • ^ LOCATION OF STRUCTURE:shoreline of Reef Bav 1 3/4 miles south of Centerline CLASS Vl LAND ACREAGE (if not part of a complex or district:* acres. UTM REFERENCE; . .. A LiJ Ll—i. Zone ■ E a 8 t X n g j i Li1 i ! Northing STRUCTURE; Type of, and composition; Shoreline of Reef Bay 1 3/4 miles Physical Description;. ,1 •U A well coiinected to a 40 foot long plastered masonry drinking trough for cattle' ^ is located i250 feet northeast of the factory. The trough is 3 feet wide and . ; raised 2 feiet above grade and is built in a straight line east west. The well . s located at its east end. The circular walls of the well stand 2'-6* above grade and have a diameter of 5 feet T.atitude 18^ 19'30" Longitude 64044'42 PRESENT CONDITION; Excellent j Good Fair 1 1 Deteriorated X Ruins 1 1 Unaltered [jL Altered Original Site 1 X i Moved 1.._\ Report prepared by; Multiple Resource Area Thematic Group dnr-11 Name State Virgin Islands National Park Multiple Resource Area Nomination Type of Review -■ 1. Brown Bay Plantation Historic District - Rustenberg Plantation South Hist. Dist.- «'3. Dennis Bay Hist. Diet. x4. More Hill Hist. Dist. y ^ 5. Hermitage Plantation Hist.- Dist ^6. Annaberg Hist. Dist. I 7 America Hill Hist. Dist. / i • I ✓bi Reef Bay Great House Hist. Dist. I ✓9, Reef Bay Sugar Factory Hist. Dist. i. 10. Jossie Gut Hist. Dist. / ^^11. L’Esperance Hist. Dist. '' - , > /i3. Liever Marches Bay Hist. Dist. ^14. Cathrineberg-Jockumsdahl-Herman Farm _ ^ Cinnamon Bay Plantation v ^16. Lameshur Plantation Mary Point Estate - Annaberg School Trunk Bay Sugar Factory _ 20. 21. . - 22. 23. 24. • Decision ak:c,e^T^ - (^./atr077/L yji2s/fy V-.-- 7/4^3!S'/ ^ y. / y I ' y/efs’jf'f previously listed 3-30-76 Previously listed 7-11-78 Previously listed 6-23-78 Previously listed 5-22-78 Her:.. — 7/c3.5/^^ 7^^ 7^1^ , Couiy:y / i7/ 7SHtfr/L-T^^Eea Nom or Request—A^ncv I ' s Name State, CoiiMy 7 p7 Working Ny/mber nation __Determination of Eligiblity On Nomination Form Federal Register Date Maps ^ Photos _lf ,^Bldg(s) __Site __Object __ Structure District WitJiM^ W'^ultiple Resource Area __Thematic Group Nomination prepared by; _ State Staff ^ Local Other Action: / ^^CCEPT 7/^3/j'/ _ RETURN REJECT Check if Appropriate; __State Request for Review __Keeper’s Decision to Review 2nd Return I. Evaluation of Resource (cont. on back if necessary) fh o-tj Vic, 7/^3lh n. Evaluation of Nomination 1. Descriptive Statement Short Format 7 Yes No 2. Significance Statement Short Format v Yes 3. Concepts/Integrity 4. Concepts/Criteria 5. Concepts/Boundaries 6. Contextual Evaluation Good Adequate Poor / / i/ / Comments c7c»c/i'^y>i -*3 General Comments (cont. on back if necessary); ,1 Reviewer/Date yUsJs/ National Park Service See Attached__ U.S. Department of the Interior a TRAIL Tb CfMTtIL MH*. arrfrr^ VELL < PeiTHi;iHfeTlt4, ,.^^OUrH7ART UHt £>r RlSTtlt v^iAScHtiiAric. !rn7icATi<^^of* HAh#v5^Ve 3VAMP _ sa‘ o' ffo' loo’ ' 8CALP APPftO)t !"• •oo'-o' I2.EEF &AY factory H‘13 5T, JOHrt , s/lt4jin |<»LAHP5 2 3 1981 TRAJL Tt> aMTEB. MHt VEU.< PEIMKINtTMv N.J 7VE.LUH#» H0.3 ",W^,^.,&OUM7A£>r UIHt ^>F ‘ Vj^CVSCHtrt^Tlc int?iCATt fiXrifHc>ve 3V/<rnP '3CAVE APPEOJl 1"* 100'*0" : ^EEF BAY FACTORY H’l3 f ST, aoHH;. s/iMiiw isi-xHPS Jk JUL 2 3 1981 ."F !i -'-.i ■‘m Please refer to the map in the Multiple Property Cover Sheet for this property Multiple Property Cover Sheet Reference Number: 64000886