USVI Public Records

Document text

B 5280] !«^!^!H |!P!Fip^ ^ jll !Plll ippi|ppMB||| lilHIiSliiiiiiiii iiiHiiiaiii^ mmmmmmmmmmmmimmm^kmm siiMiiSiiiiiisafmsiKfi^^ p NEW YORK ACADEMY O:' SCIENCES SCIENTIFIC SURVEY Porto Rico aid tie firgii Islaids VOLUME III -Part 3 Fossil (jorals of Porto Rico, with Descriptions also of a Few Recent Species H, N, Coryell and Violet Ohlsen NKW Yt')RK FOSSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO With Descriptions also of a Few Recent Species By H. N. Coryell and Violet Ohlsen CONTENTS (Those subtitles marked by an (*) were prepared jointly by H. N. Coryell and Violet Ohlsen and the remaining by the senior author.) Page Introduction 169 Purpose and resume 169 Collections studied 170 Previous work on West Indian coral fauna 170 Acknowledgments 171 Correlations based on the coral fauna 171 Tabulation of collecting localities 175 Collecting localities of the Reeds collection 176 Collecting localities of the Hubbard collection 181 Glossary 184 Systematic description of genera and species 185 Madreporaria Imperforata 185 *Seriatoporidae Milne Edwards and Haime 185 PodUopora Lamarck 185 PociUopora portoricensis Coryell, n. sp 186 *Stylophora Schweigger 186 *Stylophora affinis Duncan 186 *Stylophora goethahi Vaughan 187 *Stylophora granulata Duncan 187 *Stylophora macdonaldi Vaughan 188 *Stylophora panamensis Vaughan 188 *Stylophora ponderosa Vaughan 188 *Stylophora portohellensis Vaughan 189 *Astrocoeniidae Koby 189 *Astrocoenia Milne Edwards and Haime . 189 *Astrocoenia decaturerms Vaughan 189 *Astrocoenia guantanamenda Vaughan 190 *Astrocoenia meinzeri Vaughan 190 *A8trocoema omata Milne Edwards and Haime 191 *Astrocoenia portoricensis Vaughan 191 *OrbicelIidae Vaughan 191 Antigtiastrea Vaughan 112 Antiguastrea ceUtdosa (Duncan) 193 Antiguastrea ceUuhsa curvata (Duncan) 193 *Orhicella Dana 194 "^OrMceUa annularis (ElHs and Solander) 195 *OrhiceUa cavernosa (Linnaeus) 199 Plate XXVI XXVI XXVI XXVI XXVI XXVI XXVI XXVI XXVI XXVII XXVII XXVII XXVII XXVIII XXVII XXVIII XXIX 168 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO Page Plate *Orhicella costata (Duncan) 196 XXIX *Orhicella limhata (Duncan) 197 XXIX Orhicella tampaensis Vaughan 197 XXX *Faviidae Gregory 198 Calamophyllia Blainville • 198 Calamophyllia dendroidea Coryell, n. sp 198 XXX Calamophyllia portoricensis Coryell, n. sp 199 XXX,XXXI Favites Link 200 Favites expansa Coryell, n. sp 200 XXXII Favites irregularis Coryell, n. sp 200 XXXII Goniastrea Milne Edwards and Haime 201 Goniastrea crassa Coryell, n. sp 201 XXXIII Goniastrea pectinata (Ehrenberg) 202 XXXIII Hydnophora Fischer de Waldheim 202 Hydnophora huhhardi Coryell, n. sp 203 XXXIII Lamellastraea Duncan 203 Lamellastraea crassa Coryell, n. sp 203 XXXIII Latomeandra d'Orbigny 204 Latomeandra lata Coryell, n. sp 204 XXXIII Leptoria Milne Edwards and Haime 205 Leptoria areolata hispida (Verrill) 205 XXXIV Leptoria phrygia (Ellis and Solander) 205 XXXIV Maeandra Oken 206 Maeandra antiguensis Vaughan 206 XXXIV * Maeandra lahyrinthiformis (Linnaeus) 207 XXXIV *Manicina Ehrenberg 208 *Manicina willoughhiensis Vaughan 208 XXXV Metastraea Milne Edwards and Haime 208 XXXV Metastraea planulata Coryell, n. sp 209 XXXV *Agaricidae Verrill 209 *Agaricia Lamarck 209 Agaricia agaridtes crassa Verrill 210 XXXVI *Agaricia irregularis Coryell and Ohlsen, n. sp 210 XXXVII *Agaricia sinuata Coryell and Ohlsen, n. sp 210 XXXVII *Pironastraea d'Achiardi 211 *Pironastraea anguillensis Vaughan 211 XXX\ II *Pironastraea antiguensis Vaughan 212 XXXV HI Siderastrea Blainville 212 Siderastrea conferta (Duncan) 213 XXX\ HI Oulastreidae Vaughan 213 Cyathomorpha Reuss 213 Cyathomorpha antiguensis (Duncan) 214 XXX "^ II| Cyathomorpha tenuis (Duncan) 215 XXX I A Diploastrea Matthai 216 Diploastrea crassolamellata (Duncan) 217 XX>-IX Madreporaria Perforata 218 Acroporidae Verrill 218 Acropora Oken 218 Acropora crassa Coryell, n. sp 219 XX m^ CORYIJLL-OHLSEN, FOSSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 169 Page Plate Acropora palmata (Lamarck) 219 XL Acropora panamensis Vaughan 220 XL Astreopora Blainville 220 Astreopora antiguensis Vaughan 221 XL *Poritidae Dana 221 *Goniopora Blainville 221 *Goniopora canalis Vaughan 222 XL *Goniopora cascadensis Vaughan 222 XL *Goniopora clevei Vaughan 222 XL *Goniopora decaturensis Vaughan 223 XL *Goniopora decaturensis silicensis Vaughan 223 XL *Goniopora hilli Vaughan 224 XLI *Goniopora imperatoris Vaughan 224 XLI *Goniopora jacobiana Vaughan 225 XLI *Goniop(yra panamensis Vaughan 225 XLI *Goniopora portoricensis Vaughan .*. . . 225 XLI *Gomopora regularis (Duncan) . . . . ! 226 XLII *Porites Link 226 *Pontes anguillensis Vaughan 227 XLII *Porites astreoides Lamarck 227 XLII *Porites haracoaensis Vaughan 228 XLII *Porites douvillei Vaughan 228 XLII Pontes (Synaraea) macdonaldi Vaughan 229 XLIII *Pontes panamensis Vaughan 229XLIII,XLIV Pontes pontes (Pallas) 230 XLI V *Pontes toulai Vaughan 232 BibUography 232 INTRODUCTION Purpose and Resume The essential purpose of this paper is to include a specific and generic description of the corals collected by Doctors Chester A. Reeds and Bela Hubbard. Sixty-seven species and 24 genera are described. Thir- teen of the species are new. Thirty-eight of the 67 species were from the San Sebastian, 13 from the Lares, 19 from the Cibao, 2 from the l^os Puertos, 2 from the Quebradillas, 39 from the Ponce and 14 from the Pleistocene and Recent. Every old species was identified by the aid of the original descriptions 'iiul figures, and their names have been corrected under the Laws of "nomenclature. The correlation of the Porto Rican coral fauna with the stratigraphic 'distribution of other similar faunas in the Caribbean Region is given n Table No. I, pages 172-3. In Table II, page 175, are shown the probable 170 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO equivalents of the formations of Porto Eico in other islands of the West Indies and in the subtropical and tropical portions of North America. Collections Studied In 1915 Dr. Chester A. Eeeds and Mr. P. B. Hill visited Porto Eico for the purpose of making one of the most elaborate scientific collections of fossils that had ever been assembled from that island. Their work was to form the basis of a publication on the fossil fauna. Some of the groups of forms collected by them have already been studied by dif- ferent students, and the results have been published either as separate numbers of the Scientific Survey of Porto Eico or have been incorporated within other reports of this survey. The coral specimens were shipped to Washington, D. C, to Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan. He was recognized as an authority on Tertiary corals and was selected as the proper person to undertake the work, but Dr. Vaughari's other duties left no time for the identification and description of the specimens, many of which were similar to those he had already described. So after a few years they were returned to the headquarters of the ISTew York Academy of Sciences and later forwarded to Columbia University, where they have been stored since 1927. Dr. Bela Hubbard^s geological studies on the Lares area of Porto Eico were published in 1923 after he had presented a report on the results of his field observation before the New York Academy of Science? in 1917. The corals of his collections were forwarded from Porto Eico directly to Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan, Washington, D. C. They were set aside there with Dr. Eeeds^ specimens and later forwarded to New York and stored in Columbia University. Nothing more was done with these two collections until the spring of 1928. At that time the work which has resulted in the present paper was initiated and the specimens gathered by both parties were studied. Previous Work on West Indiak Coral Fauna The writers who have made incidental mention of the fossil corals of the West Indies are indeed very numerous. Those who have obtains ^ I a few specimens from the Islands and inserted a description of a ne^v species or variety in a stratigraphic discussion of the Caribbean Eegion are less numerous, but yet make up a considerable list. Detailed ref*"- ence to these students is given in the specific and generic descriptions. The zoological and paleontological students who have made a ?; - tematic classification and study of the coral fauna of the lands arou* ^ CORYELL-OHLSEN, FOSSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 171 the Caribbean Sea are few. One of the earliest of these was Duncan, an English paleontologist, who obtained several collections of corals from the West Indies. He began his publications as early as 1884 in the Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London and followed these with a series of publications in the Quaterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, which appeared in volumes XIX to XXVIII. A. E. Yerrill was an enthusiastic worker in unravelling the life history of reef-making corals and in reorganizing the classification of the Hexa- coralla. He published many genera and species from the Porto Eican region in the Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sci- ence for 1901. The work of Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan in Bulletin 103 of the U. S. ^N'ational Museum for 1919 probably ranks as the best organized sys- tematic paper on fossil corals of the Caribbean Province among the several papers that he has published. It is the one found most useful in the work of identifying the Heeds and Hubbard collections. Acknowledgments The writers wish to take this opportunity to express their gratitude especially to Doctors Chester A. Reeds and Bela Hubbard, who collected the Porto Rican specimens, to Miss Marjorie Elton for her splendid assistance, to Miss Amy Hepburn for making available the numerous references and to Professor Howard A. Meyerhoff for many useful sug- gestions. As the junior author was able to collaborate only during the study of a portion of the Reeds collection, those genera, species and pages of dis- cussion that were prepared jointly are designated by an asterisk (*) preceding the subtitles, both in the index and the text. CORRELATIONS BASED ON THE CORAL FAUNA The Tertiary and later formations in Porto Rico are arranged in a series of irregular ^^off-lapping'^ beds upon a median eastward-westward axis of older rock. The youngest beds are along the north and south snores with the older members outcropping in irregularly parallel bands farther inland, leaving the older sediments and igneous masses exposed in the interior. The detailed classification of the various divisions of the Tertiary are till under discussion as to their proper position in the geological time lale. Some of the determinations are based upon faunal evidences 172 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO primarily, while others lay claim to their position upon the interpretation of the structural features. The work on the coral collections here presented should not be ex- pected to add much that is new to the stratigraphy. It should aid, however, in the correlation of the horizons determined in Porto Eico with those from which other coral faunas have been collected. One of the available works to form a basis for a correlation is that of Dr. T. Wayland Vaughan in Bulletin 103 of the U. S. N^ational Museum. The following table gives the range of the Tertiary and later corals of the Reeds and Hubbard collections in the Porto Rico formations and their occurrence in other formations as determined by Vaughan. TABLE I Porto Rican Horizons Species from Porto Rico Vaughan,Bull.l03,U.S.N.M. Acropora crassa, n, sp Acropora palmata Acropora panamensia Agaricia agaricites crassa Agaricia irregularis, n. sp Agaricia sinuata, n. sp Antiguastrea cellulosa Antiguastrea cellvlosa curvata . . . . Astreopora antiguensis Astrocoenia decaturensis Astrocoenia guantanamensis Astrocoenia meinzeri Astrocoenia ornata Astrocoenia portoricensis Calamophyllia dendroidea, n, sp . , Caiamophyllia portoricensis, n. sp Cyathomorpha antiguensis Cyathomorpha tenuis Diploastrea crassolamellata Favites expansa, n. sp Favites irregularis, n. sp Ooniastrea crassa, n. sp Goniastrea pectinata Ooniopora canalis Goniopora cascadensis Goniopora clevei Goniopora decaturensis Goniopora decaturensis silicensis. . CORYELL-OHLi^EN, FOSSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 173 TABLE I {Continued) Species from Porto Rico Goniopora hilli Goniopora imperatoris Goniopora jacobiana Goniopora panamensia Goniopora portoricensis Goniopora regularis Hydnophora huhbardi Lamellastraea craasa, n. sp Latomeandra lata, n. sp Leptoria areolata hispida Leptoria phrygia Maeandra antiguensis Maeandra labyrinthiformis Manicina willoughbiensis Metastraea planulata, n. sp . . . . Orbicella annularis Orbicella cavernosa Orbicella costata Orbicella limbata Orbicella tampaensis. . . .- Pironastraea anguillensis Pironastraea antiguensis Pocillopora portoricensis, n. sp. Porites anguillensis Porites astreoides Porites baracoaensis Porites douvillei Porites (Synaraea) macdonaldi. Porites panamensis Porites porites Porites toviai Stylophora affinis Stylophora goethalsi Stylophora granulata Stylophora macdonaldi Stylophora panamensis Stylophora ponderosa Stylophora portobellensis Siderastrea conferta Porto Rican Horizons a < 5 a s S N 03 Xi Q PL. 03 <D ^ V Xi oS c3 03 •-5 >-i u ^ CO CIh X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Vaughan.Bull. 103, U. S. N. M. i Xi Tl crt cfl C! >H 03 Jh <0 1 Xi 3 1 w « X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Of the 67 species identified here^ 42 occur in the Oligocene and Mio- cene beds as tabulated by Vaughan. The Antigua is represented by 23 of the 42 species, 8 of which extend iiito the Anguilla or Emperador beds. The Antiguan corals were col- 174 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO lected from the base of the formation. Of the 23 species, 19 occur in the San Sebastian Shale of Porto Rico as designated by Doctor Chester A. Reeds * and Professor Howard A. Meyerhoff.** The San Sebastian thus appears equivalent to the base of the Antigua formation. Twenty-one of the 42 species occur in the Lares Limestone. Of these, 7 occur in the Antigua only, 4 in the Antigua and Anguilla, or Antigua and Emperador and 7 in the Anguilla or Emperador only. The Lares Limestone on this basis appears transitional, but on comparing the occurrence of the Lares species with the San Sebastian, it is found that 17 of the 21 from the Lares Limestone were collected also from the San Sebastian. The Lares Limestone then appears closely related to the later formation. Only two of the Lares species were found in the Cibao above. Six of the 42 species occur in the Cibao as limited by Meyerhoff.* Of these, 1 occurs in the Antigua only, in the Antigua and Anguilla or Antigua and Emperador, and 2 in the Anguilla or Emperador only. The Cibao appears to be related to the formations of Anguilla age rather than to older beds, but an impression based on so few species cannot be as conclusive as one could wish. From the collections of Reeds and Hubbard, 39 species were identified from the Ponce formation as determined by Doctor Reeds in the field. Of these 39 species, 21 have been identified from the San Sebastian Shale, 17 from the Lares Limestone, 4 from the Cibao Limestone, 2 from Los Puertos and 2 from the Quebradillas Formation. The dis- tribution indicates that the collection was made from the beds on the south side of Puerto Rico without any particular field recognition as to the zonal divisions or lithologic phases more readily determined in the field on the north side of the island. The Ponce Formation, as here determined from the coral collection, includes beds equivalent to the San Sebastian, Lares, Cibao, Los Puertos and Quebradillas of the north- ern section. The lower part of the Ponce Formation, as designated in the field by Reeds, would include the Guanica, Juana Diaz and Collazo beds as given by Yaughan.* This would leave only the upper limestone deposits to be included in the limited Ponce. With detailed field work added to the faunal studies still other limitations should be possible. * Reeds, C. A., Field Tabulation List, unpublished. Mej^erhoff, H. A.; personal communication. * Meyerhoff, H. A., personal communication. * Vaughan, T. Wayland, Bull. Geol. Soc. of Amer., XXXV, 1924, opposite p. 720. CORYELL-OHLSEN, FOSSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 175 Of the 42 species common to the collections of Vaughan and to those of Eeeds and Hubbard, 10 have been identified from the Antigua Forma- tion only, 8 from the Antigua and Anguilla or Antigua and Emperador, 8 from the Anguilla or Emperador only and 5 from the Bowden of Jamaica. The Antigua would thus include the lower Ponce, which is here correlated with the Guanica—Juana Diaz—Collazo horizon.* With no further division undertaken on the basis of the present information, the remaining Ponce beds are equivalent to the Anguilla-Bowden de- posits. The following table shows a possible correlation of the formations of Porto Eico, based on the present coral studies, with the formations else- where from which considerable coral faunas have been obtained.** TABLE II Panama and Lesser Northern Southern JO 1 3 Costa Rica Antilles Florida Jamaica Porto Rico Porto Rico a 1o PQ 1 el (2 0)a .1 O 1 2 1 1 < Los Puertos Cibao < Lares Guanica San Juana c3 XIO Sebastian Diaz TABULATIOIS' OF THE COLLECTING LOCALITIES The localities from which the corals were collected are grouped into two lists. The first one gives the stations visited by Dr. Chester A. Reeds and Mr. P. B. Hill during the months of June and July, 1915. * Vaughan, T. W., Bull. Geol. Soc. of Amer., XXXV, 1924, opposite p. 720. * Vaughan, T. W., Bull. 103, U. S. Nat. Mus., 1919. 176 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO The number 440 is the accession number allotted to the collection in the American Museum of Natural History. The other number or num- bers designate the field locality. The description of each station is preceded by the age of the formation from which the collection was made as determined by the field interpretation and the study of the fossil specimens. The second list groups in consecutive order, the stations visited by Dr. Bela Hubbard during his study of the Lares district. Many of the specimens in his collection are excellently preserved. He was fortunate in securing representatives of a number of genera not commonly present in a collection of Porto Rican fossils. Collecting Localities of the Reeds Collection 440-3 Los Puertos—Areciho Limestone. Near south edge of Agua- dilla, about 150 feet above the sea on an old road lead- ing eastward up the hill. 440-11 Los Puertos—Areciho Limestone. Collection from rock wall in railroad cut Just south of railroad station, Aguadilla. 440-14 Los Puertos—Areciho Limestone. Collection from south end of cut Just south of railroad station, Aguadilla. 440-17 Los Puertos—Areciho Limestone. Collection from the field ^ mile east of the south edge of Aguadilla, about 300 feet above the sea. 440-18 Recent. Collection from the beach south of Aguadilla. 440-20 San Sehastian. Collection from shaly limestone south side of road near Km. post 33, on road from San Sebastian to Lares. 440-24, San Sehastian. Collection from bank along road from San -25,-26,-27. Sebastian to Lares at Km. post 28.4. 440-28 San Sehastian. Collection from the shales at Km. post 28.25 on road from San Sebastian to Lares. 440-33, Lares. Collection from the surface slope, 100 feet above the -34,-35. base of the formation, 14 ^il^ west of the river near the edge of the limestone escarpment overlooking Cule- brinus River valley. Collazo River near San Sebastian. 440-36 San Sehastian. Collection below the third fall, 100 feet below the bridge over Collazo River near San Sebastian, on the down stream side. CORYELL-OHLSEN, FOS^SIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 177 440-38^ San Sebastian. Collection from the roadside near Collazo -39,-40,-41, Eiver on the road from San Sebastian to Lares. -42,-43. 440-44 San Sebastian. Collection from beneath overhanging cliff, 50-100 feet below the base of the Arecibo—Lares Lime- stone, near Km. 28, Hm. 8, on the road from San Sebas- tian to Lares. 440-45, San Sebastian. Collection from the talus slope beneath bluff, -46,-47,-48, 50 feet high along roadside near Km. post 28, Hm. post -49,-50,-51, , 8, on the road from San Sebastian to Lares. -52. 440-53 San Sebastian. Collection from Mr. EabelFs property below the 100 foot falls near the road below the bridge over the Collazo Eiver .on the road from San Sebastian to Lares. 440-55 San Sebastian. Collection from the shale zone along the road from San Sebastian to Lares near Km. post 32, Hm. post 8. 440-56 San Sebastian. Collection from the marly beds on the south side of the road between Km. post 33, Hm. post 5-6, on the road from San Sebastian to Lares. 440-57, San Sebastian. Collection from the quarry on the north side -58,-59. of road from San Sebastian to Lares near Km. post 33, Hm. post 3. (This horizon is sometimes referred to the Lares formation, base of the Arecibo.) 440-62 San Sebastian. Collection from beds 20 feet below the top of the formation along roadside opposite Km. post 28, Hm. post 4, on road from San Sebastian to Lares near the bridge over the Collazo Eiver. 440-63 San Sebastian. Collection from the bluish shale, 11-12 feet thick, exposed along the side of road No. 8, from San Sebastian to Lares near Km. post 29, Hm. post 3-4. 440-64 San Sebastian. Collection from the bed at the base of the Arecibo—Lares formation along the San Sebastian to Lares road near Km. post 29, Hm. post 3-4. 440-72, San Sebastian. Collection from the coral zone just above "^^- bench mark 75.5 meters on bridge at the waterfall near 178 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO Km. post 28, Hm. post 8, on road 'No. 8 from San Sebastian to Lares. 440-92 Lares. Collection from beneath a limestone cliff about ^ mile northeast of Lares. 440-105 San Sebastian. Collection from near Km. post 29, east of San Sebastian. 440-107 Sa7i Sebastian. Collection from the outcrop of green shales in the bank of the river 100 yards below the last falls (50 feet in height) in the CoUazo River. 440-110 Cihao. Collection from an outcrop }4 mile north of EabelFs ranch house along the road leading northeast of San Sebastian about 10 Km. 440-116 San Sebastian. Collection from just below the last falls on the Collazo River. 440-117 Lares. Collection from the weathered marl, beds along the roadside near Km. post 2, Hm. post 3, in an excavation for the roadway of road No. 2, leading from Aguadilla to Rincon. 440-119 Lares. Collection from weathered marly limestone in em- bankment on the roadside near Km. post 9, Hm. post 9, on road No. 2, leading from Aguadilla to Rincon. 440-123 Lares. Collection from weathered limesfone on north bank of road near bridge at Km. post 7, Hm. post 5, on the government highway leading from Aguadilla to Rincon. 440-126, Quebradillas. Collection from the cut at west end of rail- -129,-130, road bridge over Guajataca River near Quebradillas. -131,-133, -134,-135. 440-136, Quebradillas. Collection from along the railroad tracks be- -137. tween the wagon road crossing and the railroad bridge over the river near Quebradillas. 440-142 Quebradillas, Collection from the cut along the roadside near Km. post 40, on road from Quebradillas to Camuy. 440-170 Juana Diaz. Collection from the ''fifth ledge" of fossiliferous shaly limestone in Jacaguas River bed, 1-2 Km. north^ west of Juana Diaz. C0RYELL-0HL8EN, FO^^/Sf/L CORALS OF PORTO RICO 179 440-242 Juana Diaz? Collection from the road embankment 25 feet above the river on the west bank of Coamo Eiver below Coamo Eeservoir. 440-286^ Ponce. Collection from embankment of rock in situ on the -291,-292^ north side of the road near Km. post 1^ Hm. post 8-9, -293,-294, on the highway leading from Ponce to Penuelas. -296,-297. 440-298, Ponce. Collection from a cliff bank on the north side of the -299,-300. road near Km. post 2, Hm. post 8-9, on the highway from Ponce to Penuelas about 5 Km. west of Ponce. 440-307 Ponce. Collection from the south wall of road near a prospec- tive bridge over a stream near Km. post 5, Hm. post 2, on the highway from Ponce to Penuelas. 440-320, Ponce. Collection from a reef in a northwardly-facing bluff -321,-322, along the roadside near Km. post 25, Hm. post 2, on -323. the road from Penuelas to Gruayamilla. 440-325, Ponce. Collection from a coral and algal reef in a high bluff -326,-327, along roadside near Km. post 25, Hm. post 1-3, on the -328,-329, road from Ponce to Penuelas and Guayamilla. -330,-331. 440-339, Ponce. Collection from a small bat cave in a great wall of -340,-341, coral and foraminiferal reef limestone on the east shore -342,-344, of Guanica Harbor. - -346. 440-354, Ponce. Collection from the cliff just south of the lighthouse -355,-359, pier, Guanica Harbor. -360,-361, -362,-364, -365,-366, -367. 440-368, Ponce. Collection from the face of cliff, 300 feet south of -369,-370, the small bat cave, east shore Guanica Harbor. -373,-375, -376,-378, -380. HO-381, Ponce. Collection from the foraminiferal beds designated -383,-384, above (440-339, etc.) and with 30-40 feet of limestone 180 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO -385,-386, overlying the reef at 340-389, east shore, Guanica Har- -387,-389, bor. -390. 440-401, Cretaceous. Collection from the island i/4 ^tiile southeast of -402,-403, Parguera, Porto Eico. The Island forms the east shore -405,-407, of the Parguera Harbor. -408,-409, • -410,-412, -413,-415, -418. 440-441, Lares. Collection from the basal portion of the limestone -442,-443, overlying the tuff near Km. post 64, Hm. post 9, on the -444. road from Arecibo to Ponce. 440-445, Lares. Collection from the bluff on the west side of the road -446,-449, near Km. post 66, Hm. post 6-7, leading from Arecibo -450. to Ponce. 440-451, Lares. Collection from near Km. post 66, Hm. post 7-8, on -452,-453, the road from Arecibo to Ponce. 454,-455, -456,458. 440-460, Cibao. Collection from the talus slope and wash near Km. -461. post 69, Hm. post 2.5, on the road from Arecibo to Ponce. 440-462 Cibao. Collection from a high bluff on the west side of the road, near Km. post 69, Hm. post 3, leading from Are- cibo to Ponce. 440-465, Cibao. Collection from a high bluff along the roadside near -466,-467, Km. 69, Hm. posts 6-7, on the highway from Arecibo to -468. Ponce. 440-486 Los Puertos. Collection from blocks along roadway takeii from boulders in the talus slope near Km. post 2, on the road from Manati to Ciales. 440-490 Cibao. Collection from limestone in situ in the east blult along the roadside near Km. post' 4, Hm. post 6, on th'' highway leading from Manati to Ciales. 440-507 * Lares. Collection from a bluff 60 feet high and 200 feet Ion- on the east side of the roadway near Km. post 9, on the road from Manati to Ciales. , Zone C, Km. 32.8^ Lares Road. CORYELL-OHLSEN, FOSSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 181 440-542 Quehradillas. Collection from a railroad cut in a bluff on the west bank of River Loiza, ^ mile northwest of Central Canovanas, near Loiza. Collecting Localities oe the Hubbard Collection 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 811 1 812 814 815 816 817 818 ] 819 j. Zone C, Lares Road. 822 J 824 ] 826 [. Zone D, Lares. 827 J 828 1 > Zone C^ Lares Road. .Zone C, CoUazo-Lares Road. 829 8:K) 833 834 835 836 839 810 8U , Zone C, Collazo-Lares Road. Zone C or D, West of San Sebastian. Zone C, Lares Road. . Zone D, Lares. y Zone C, CoUazo-Lares Eoad. 182 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO 846 847 849 850 852 853 854 855 856 857 859 860 863 ^ Zone D, Lares. 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 874 877 878 879 880 881 882 [.. Zone C, Collazo-Lares Road. 886 ' 887 888 890 891 893 894 896 897 898 899 900 I 901 I 909 J C0RYELL-0HL8EN, F088TL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 183 912 913 X . . . , Zone D, Lares. 914 916 .Zone C, East of Lares. !. Lares District. . Zone C or D, East of Lares. 917 I 918 I 922 924 925 933 934 935 936 937 942 943 945 948 955 I 956 j 957 •958 959 960 964 968 974 J 975 ^' 'JBO [. Zone G, South of Camuy. ^)^2 }. Lares District. 9'^ 1 I Zone C^ Collazo near Lares Road. 986 ] 987 [.. Zone C, Collazo-Lares Eoad. m J Zone C, Lares Road. .Lares District. y Lares District. 184 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO 990 [. Zone H, Eincon Point. 991 ' 993 995 996 998 999 1000 1001 1004 1006 1089 HI] H2 !> Lares District. H 3 ^ ^ I Mona Island (Collected by N. L. Britton). P.K. 82 a-d I ^^^^^ ^ ^^ p -j^^^^g ^^^^^ P.E. 98 c-g ^ * GLOSSAEY Calyx-ice The cup-shaped upper end of a corallite. Coenenchyma Porous intercorallite tissue. Colline A calcareous ridge separating series of calicular centers as in Manicina. Columella A solid or porous rod of calcareous tissue that occupies the center of a corallite. Corallite An individual of a corallum. Corallum An entire skeleton of a compound coral. Oostae The extension of the septa outwardly beyond the theca or wall of the corallite, Endotheca The inner wall of a corallite. Exotheca A cellular structure between adjacent costae and form- ing the coenenchyma of the intercorallite area. Gonioporid arrange- ment of septa Six primaries extending directly to the columella, wuu a triplet group of a secondary and two tertiaries l>e- tween each and often a directive plane. CORYELL-OHLSEN, FOSSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 186 Palus-i One of the slender, upright, calcareous growths that sur- round the central part of some corals. Poritid arrangement of septa A solitary directive, four lateral pairs and a ventral triplet. Septum-a One of the vertical, radial, calcareous, solid or porous plates projecting into the calyx. Synapticula-ae One of the conical or cylindrical calcareous processes which extends between adjacent septa. Trabecula-ae One of the numerous calcareous rods that serve as units to make up the network structure of the columella or septa in some corals. Verrucae Small protuberances bearing calices. Example : Pocillopora. SYSTEMATIC DESCEIPTIOlSr OF GENEEA AND SPECIES CLASS ANTHOZOA Madreporakia Impeeforata * family seriatoporidae milne edwards and haime, 1849 Genus Pocillopora Lamarck, 1816 Pocilloporo Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., II, 1816, p. 273; Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., II, 1836, p. 441; Dana, Zoophytes, 1848, p. 523; Milne Edwards and Haime, Compte Rendu de I'Acad. des Sci., XXIX, 1849, p. 261 ; Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. des Oorall., Ill, 1860, p. 301 ; Verrlll, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., I, 1870, p. 519 ; Zittel, Traite de Paleontologie, I, 1883, p. 247 ; Vaughan, Carnegie Inst. Washington, Dept. Marine Biology, Pub. 213, 1918, p. 75 ; Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. BuU. 103, 1919, p. 342. Genotype. Pocillopora acuta Lamarck. Pocillopora acuta Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., II, 1816, p. 273. Description.—Corallum forms massive or branching colonies with numerous small verrucae upon the entire surface; the calices are small, deep, oval or circular and present upon the verrucae and the spaces be- tween; the individual calices are separated by compact coenenchyma on the sides of the branches or lobes, but closely crowded on the ends; the ''urface is granulose or hispid; there are six to twelve septa, the six major osies are conspicuous; tabulae are few; the wall is well developed and porous; a columella is present. Range.—Tertiary to Kecent. 186 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO Pocillopora portoricensis Coryell, n. sp. Plate XXVI, Figure 1 Description,—The corallum forms palmate lobes and masses; the verrucae are very numerous, often only 1 to 2 mm. apart, measuring only 1 to 2 mm. in diameter and averaging 2.5 mm. in height; a few are elongate with a greater width of 3 mm. or more; the calices are small, oval or circular, % mm, in diameter and separated by a narrow wall or a thickness of coenenchymous tissue equal to or more than the diameter of the calyx ; one to four calicular pits occur on a single verruca while only one or two are present upon the flattened area between; six strong septa are present and are juin'ed to the well developed columella; in some calices two opposite septa are more strongly developed than the others; the entire surface is papillate. Type.—23013, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of I^atural His- tory. Locality,—440-362, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Xatural History. Occurrence,—Ponce Formation. Remarks.—This species is distinguished from Pocillopora palmata Palmer by the more numerous, smaller and more closely spaced verrucae. * Genus Stylophora Schweigger, 1819 Stylophora Schweigger, Beobacht. auf Naturf., 1819, PL V ; Schweigger, Hand. Naturg., 1820, p. 413 ; Blainville, Diet. Sci. Nat., LX, 1830, pp. 319, 351 ; Milne Edwards and Haime, Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, Zool., XIII, 1850, p. 102; Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. Corall., II, p. 133: Fromentel, Intr. Polyp, foss., 1861, p. 179; Duncan, Linn. Soc. London Jour., Zool., XVIII, 1884, p. 45. Genotype. Madrepora pistillata Esper. Description.—Corallum forming cylindrical or palmate branches or incrustations ; the calices are circular and separated by coenenchyma : costae are rudimentary; endotheca is present; septa are of two cycles, six extending to the prominent styliform columella. Range.—Eocene to Eecent. ^ Stylophora affinis Duncan, 1863 Plate XXVI, Figures 2, 2a Stylophora affinis Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., 1863, XIX, p. 4'^'. PI. XVI, flg. 4; Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XXIV, 1?«'' p. 25; Vaughan, V. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 336. CORYELL-OHLSEN, FOSSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 187 Reussia afflnis Duchassaing and Michelotti, Sup. Mem. Corall. Antilles, 1866, p. 70; Duchassaing, Rev. Zooph. et Spong. Antilles, 1870, p. 26. Description,—Corallum composed of nearly cylindrical branches; calices shallow, circular, 0.8 to 1.0 mm. in diameter, surrounded by a raised margin and from 0.8 to 1.0 mm. apart; six prominent septa reach to the large, dense and styliform columella; coenenchyma papil- lose, the granules often in rows. iaca?%.—440-64,-300,-321,-339,-384,-454, Eeeds Collection, Ameri- can Museum of Natural History. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale Ponce Formation and Lares Lime- stone. * Stylophora goethalsi Vaughan, 1919 Plate XXVI, Figures 3, 3a Stylophora goethalsi Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 338, PL LXXV, figs. 2-3. Description,—Corallum composed of compressed branches with mar- ginal protuberances; calices shallow, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. in diameter and from 0.5 to 1.5 mm. apart; six well developed septa extend to the promi- nent columella, short secondary septa occur; coenenchymal surface granulose. Gotype.—^o, 324767, U. S. National Museum. LomZi%.—440-460, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of N"atural History. Occurrence.—Cibao of the Arecibo group. * Stylophora granulata Duncan, 1864 Plate XXVI, Figure 4 Stylophora granulata Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XXT, 1864, p. 10, PI. il, fig. 3; Duncan, Geol. Soc. I^ndon Quart. Jour., XXIV, 1867, p. 25; Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XXIX, 1873, p. 551; Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 340. Description.—Corallum composed of nearly cylindrical branches; '•alices deep, 0.75 to 1.25 mm. in diameter, irregularly spaced and sur- rounded by a raised margin formed by the septa and costae; six prin- 'ipal septa reach to the columella, secondary septa are present; the "»<'nenchyma is conspicuously granulose and in places costate. Locality.—440-327, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of ISTatural ^n story. Occurrence.—Ponce Formation. 188 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO * Stylophora macdanaldi Vaughan, 1919 Plate XXVI, Figures 5, 5a Stylophora macdonaldi Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 339, PI. LXXV, figs. 5-7a. Description.—Corallum consisting of slender branches, compressed wherever bifurcating; calices shallow, 1.0 mm. in diameter and from 0.5 to 1.5 mm. apart; six well developed septa extend to the prominent columella with their outer edges raised at the margin of the calyx; coenenchymous tissue granulated. Cottjpes,—No. 324769, 324770, U. S. National Museum. iyO(:a%.—440-117,-126,-321,-331, Eeeds Collection, American Mu- seum of Natural History, and 901, Hubbard Collection, Columbia Uni- versity, N'ew York City. Occurrence.—Lares Limestone, Quebradillas Formation and Ponce Formation. * Stylophora panamensis Vaughan, 1919 Plate XXYI, Figure 6 Stylophora panamensis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 335, PL LXXV, figs. 1, la. Description.—Corallum consists of irregularly shaped plates; calices shallow, 0.5 to 0.75 mm. in diameter, from 0.5 to 1.0 mm. apart and margins slightly elevated; six primary septa join the compressed col- umella; coenenchyma inconspicuously granulose. Type.—'Eo. 324768, U. S. National Museum. Locality.—440-20,-39, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale. * Stylophora ponderosa Vaughan, 1900 Plate XXVI, Figure 7 Stylophora ponderosa Vaughan, U. S. Geol. Surv. Mono. 39, XXXIX, 1900, p. 132, PI. XIII, fig. 16; PI. XIV, figs. 1-lb ; U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 342. Description.—Corallum large irregular masses; caiices shallow, poly- gonal, 1 mm. in diameter; walls average 0.5 mm. in thickness, consistinir of laminae of spinose coenenchyma; six well developed septa reach th' styliform columella. CORYELL'OHLSE:^, fossil corals of PORTO RICO 189 Type.—IJ. S. National Museum. Locality.—140-340,-346^-442^ Keeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History. Occurrence.—Ponce Formation and Lares Limestone. * Stylophora portobellensis Vanghan, 1919 Plate XXYI. Figures 8, 8a Stylophora portohellensis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 338, PI. LXXVI, figs. 1-la. Description.—Corallum composed of compressed branches with some- what flabellate terminals; calices shallow, 0.5 to 1.0 mm. in diameter and from 0.25 to 0.5 mm. apart; six well developed septa extend to the prominent, styliform columella; coenenchyma dense and granulose. Type.—No. 324762, U. S. National Museum. Locality.—440-331, Keeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History. Occurrence.—Ponce Formation. * * FAMILY.—^ASTROCOENIIDAE KOBY * Genus Astrocoenia Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848 Astrocoenia Milne Edwards and Haime, Compte Rendu., XXVII, 1848, p. 469 ; Gregory, Palaeo. Indica, ser. 9, II, 1900, Pt. 2, p. 59. Genotype. Astrea numisma Defranee. Description.—Corallum forms massive, lamellar, dendroidal or in- crusting masses; corallites prismatic, contiguous and with thick walls; calices polygonal ; eight principal septa extend to the styliform columella. Range.—^TTmssic to Eecent. * Astrocoenia decaturensis Vaughan, 1919 Plate XXVI, Figure 9 Astrocoenia decaturensis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. BuU. 103, 1919, p. 348, PI. LXXVIII, figs. 3-4a. Astrocoenia ornata Duncan, Geol. See. London Quart. Jour., XIX, 1863, p. 425, PI. XIV, fig. 7; Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XXIV, 1867, p. 23. Description.—Corallum large, dendroidal or massive, with irregular ^iirface; calices shallow, polygonal, 1.5 to 2.5 mm. in diameter; the walls 190 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO are thin, usually less than 1 mm. thick and surmounted by a raised line of granules ; sixteen to twenty septa are present in each calice with eight or ten septa reaching the columella respectively ; endothecal dissepiments are few and thin. Type,—1^0, 324789, IT. S. National Museum. Loca^i^.—440-45,-339,-341,-364,-442,-460, Eeeds Collection, Ameri- can Museum of Natural History. Occurrence,—San Sebastian Shale, Ponce Formation, Lares Lime- stone and Cibao Limestone. * Astrocoenia guantanamensis Vaughan, 1919 Plate XXYII, Figure 1 Astrocoenia guantanamensis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 347, PI. LXXIX, figs. 1-2. Description,—Corallum massive, tuberose; calices shallow, polygonal, from 1.0 to 1.75 mm. in diameter; the walls from 0.25 to 0.5 mm. thick, marked by septal costae or dentations; there are sixteen septa, eight of which reach the styliform columella; the secondary septa taper inward and are about one-half as long as the primaries. Type.—^o, 324794, U, S. National Museum. Locality.—440-59, Eeed Collection, American Museum of Natural History, and 802, 957, 958, 960, Hubbard Collection, Columbia Univer- sity, New York City. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale. '^Astrocoenia meinzeri Vaughan, 1919 Plate XXYII, Figure 2 Astrocoenia meinzeri Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 349, PI. LXXIX, figs. 3, 3a. Description.—Corallum composed of branches elliptical in cross-sec- tion; calices from 2.5 to 3.0 mm. in diameter and from 1.25 to 1.5 mm. deep; the walls are from 0.5 to 1.5 mm. thick, with the upper surface ridged or grooved longitudinally; there are sixteen septa, with eight reaching the styliform columella where the ends of the septa thicken and fuse around the columellar mass; dissepiments are present. Type.—Xo. 324791, U. S. Xational Museum. Locality.—440-346, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Xatural History. Occurrence.—Ponce Formation. GORYELL-OHLSEN, F08SIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 191 * Astrocoenia omata Milne Edwards and Haime, 1857 Plate XXVII, Figure 3 Astrocoenia omata Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. Corall., II, 1857, p. 357. Description.—Coralliim forms a rounded or hemispherical mass; ealiees polygonal, measuring from 2.0 to 2.5 mm. in diameter; walls thick and very granulose ; the principal septa are thickest near the wall and join with the large columella at the center of the calyx. Locality,—440-51, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History. Occurrence,—San Sebastian Shale. * Astrocoenia portoricensis Vaughan, 1919 Plate XXYII, Figures 4, 4a Astrocoenia portoricensis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bun. 103, 1919, p. 350, PI. LXXVI, figs. 4, 4a ; PL LXXVIII figs. 1, la. Astrocoenia omata Vaughan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., LVII, 1901, p. 497; (not) MUne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. CoraU., II, 1857, p. 257. Description,—Corallum composed of palmate branches; ealiees shal- low, polygonal, from 1.0 to 1.5 mm. in diametei;; walls from 0.2 to 0.5 mm. thick; there are sixteen septa, eight of which reach the compressed styliform columella; endothecal dissepiments present; interseptal spaces about as wide as the thickness of a septum; septal costae present but inconspicuous. Type,-~'No, 324785, U. S. N'ational Museum. Zom?^-—440-20,-38,-39,-40,-46,-59,-321,-325,-331,-354,-355,-383,-454, Reeds Collection, American Museum of ISTatural History. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale, Lares Limestone and Ponce For- mation. * FAMILY.—OKBICELLIDAE VAUGHAK Genus Antiguastrea Vaughan, 1919 '^ntiguastrea Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. BuU. 103, 1919, p. 401. Jleterastraea Reis (not Heterastraea Tomes) preoccupied, Bayer. Geognost. Landesuntersuch, geognost. .Jalirg, II, 1889, pp. 150-152. ^Jenotype. Antiguastrea cellulosn (Duncan). 192 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO Astraea cellulosa Duncan, Oeol. Soc. London Quart. Journ., XIX, 1863, pp. 417, 418, PI. XIII, fig. 10. Antiguastrea cellulosa Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 402, PL XCVIII, figs. 3-4a ; PI. XCIX, figs. l-3a ; PI. C figs. l-4a ; PI. CI, figs. 2-2a. (For a more complete synonymy see the description of the species.) Description.—The corallum forms dome-shaped, tuberose or expla- nate massive heads of variable sizes, ranging from a few inches to five or more inches in diameter; corallites are shallow, rounded or sub- polygonal and vary from 2.0 to 10.75 mm. in diameter; intercalicular tissue is porous; calicular walls are thick; the costae are subequal and as numerous as the larger septa, and usually not present over the entire exothecal tissue; the columella is lamellar and usually conspicuous; the septa are arranged in four cycles, rarely in five ; dissepiments are present. Range.—Oligocene. Remarks.—This genus is distinguished from Orhicella by its lamellar columella and less well developed costae. Antiguastrea cellulosa (Duncan), 1863 Plate XXVIII, Figure 1 Astraea cellulosa Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XIX, 1863, pp. 417, 418, PI. XIII, fig. 10. Isastraea turhinata Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XIX, 1863, p. 423, PI. XIV, figs, la-c; Duchassaing and Michelotti, Sup. Mem. Oorall. Antnies, 1866, p. 89 (of reprint) ; Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XXIV, 1867, p. 25 ; Duchassaing, Rev.- Zooph. et Spong. Antilles, 1870, p. 31. Heliastraea cellulosa Duchassaing and Michelotti, Sup. Mem. Corall. Antilles 1866, p. 86 (of reprint) ; Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XXIV, 1867, p. 24; Duchassaing, Rev. Zooph. et Spong. Antilles, 1870, p. 30. Orhicella cellulosa Vaughan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., LII, 1902, p. 497 ; Vaughan, Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearbook, No. 13, 1915, p. 360. Antiguastrea cellulosa Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 402, PL XOVm, figs. 3-4a ; PI. XCIX, figs. l-3a ; PI. 0, figs. l-4a ; PI. 01, figs. 2-2a. Description.—Corallum massive heads of variable shapes as tuberose^ hemispherical and subplanate; the corallites are rounded or subpoly- gonal, usually antiguous, leaving small areas of interstitial tissue; the calicular depressions are shallow and vary in diameter from 2 to 9 mm.^ averaging about 4.5 mm.; septa are numerous, arranged in four cycles in the average-sized calices; the columella is small, usually distinct and composed of lamellate tissue; the walls of the calices are well developed GORYELL-OHLSEN, FOSSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 193 and thick; costae are as numerous as the septa and usually not well de- veloped. Asexual reproduction takes place by submarginal or intercalcinal gemmation. Type.—Coll. Geol. Soc. London ; '^'^Conglomerate^' of Antigua. Locality. — 440-14,-34,-40,-41,-92,-242,-339,-454, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History, and 826, 863, 900, 984, and P. E. 82 (a) and (b), Hubbard Collection, Columbia University, New York City. Occurrence.—Los Puertos Limestone, Lares Limestone, San Sebas- tian Shale, Juana Diaz ? and Ponce Formation. Antiguastrea cellulosa curvata (Duncan) Plate XXVII, Figure 5 Astraea cellulosa curvata Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Journ., XIX, 1863, p. 418. Antiguastrea cellulosa curvata Vauglian, IT. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 408, PL XCVIII, figs. 4, 4a. Description.—Corallum irregular and massive; the corallites are cir- cular or compressed into oval forms as seen in cross-section and average 4.5 mm. in diameter; costae delicate and unequal; calicular walls thick; septa in four cycles, the primary are large and conspicuously denticu- late; the columella consists of porous structure; dissepiments occur within the calices; exothecal tissue is abundant in the interspaces. Asexual reproduction is by intercalicular or marginal gemmation. Type.—Coll. Geol. Soc. London; ''chert-formation''' of Antigua. Locality.—440-39,-46, Reeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale. * Orbicella Dana, 1846 OrUccUa Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped. Zooph., 1846, p. 205 ; Vaughan, Geol. Relchs Mus. Leiden Samml., ser. 2, II, 1001, p. 21 ; Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts, and Sci., XI, 1902, p. 93 ; Vaughan, Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 213, 1918, p. 85. PhpHocoenia Milne Edwards and Haime, C()nir)te Rendu de TAoad. des Sci., XXVII, 1848, p. 409. Genotype. Madrepora annularis Ellis and Solander. (For a more complete synonymy see the description of the species.) Description.—The following is the original description of the genus : ''Cells nearly circular, more or less prominent, not sub-dividing by 194 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO growth, or rarely so; stars (calices) with distinct limits formed by the coalescence laterally of the lamellae, and therefore cells appear tubular and separated by interstices/^ Range,—Jurassic to Eecent. *Orbicella annularis (Ellis and Solander), 1786 Plate XXVIII, Figure 2 Madrepora annularis Ellis and Solander, Nat. Hist. Zooph., 1786, p. 169, PL LIII, figs. 1, 2. Madrepora faveolata Ellis and Solander, Nat. Hist. Zooph., 1786, p. 166, PL LIII, figs. 5, 6; Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat., ed. 13, 1790, p. 3769. Madrepora acropora Gmelin, Linn. Syst. Nat., ed. 13, 1790, p. 3767; Esper, Pflanzenth., Fortsetz., I, 1797, p. 21, PL XXXVIII. Astrea annularis Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., II, 1816, p. 259 ; Lam- ouroux, Exp. Meth. Genres des Polyp., 1821, p. 58, pi. LIII, figs. 1, 2. Explanaria annularis Ehrenberg, Corall. Roth. Meer., 1834, p. 84 (of reprint). Astraea (OrHcella) annularis Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped. Zoophytes, p. 214, PL X, fig. 6. Heliastraea annularis Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. Corall., II, 1857, p. 473; Duehassaing and Miehelotti, M6m. Corall. Antilles, 1861, p. 76 (of reprint) ; Duehassaing and Miehelotti, Sup. Mem. Corall. Antilles, 1866, p. 84 (of reprint). Heliastraea acropora Duehassaing and Miehelotti, Mem. Corall. Antilles, 1861, p. 76 (of reprint) ; Duehassaing and Miehelotti, Sup. Mem. Corall. Antilles, 1866, p. 84 (of reprint). Heliastraea lamarcki Duehassaing and Miehelotti, Mem. Corall. Antilles, 1861, p. 76 (of reprint) ; Sup. M6m. Corall. Antilles, 1866, p. 84 (of reprint). Cpphastraea costata Duncan (part), Geol. Soc. London Quart. Journ., XIX, 1863, pp. 441, 443; Duehassaing and Miehelotti, Sup, M^m. Corall. An- tilles, 1866, p. 85 (of reprint) ; Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XXIV, 1868, p. 24 ; Gregory, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., LI, 1895, p. 274. Astraea harhadensis Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XIX, 1863, pp. 421, 444, PL XV, figs. 6a, 6b. OrMcella annularis Verrill, Mus. Comp. Zool. Bull., I, 1864, No. 3, p. 48; Ver- rill, Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. Proc, X, 1865, p. 323 ; Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and ScL, XI, 1901, p. 94, PL XV, fig. 1 ; Vaughan, Biol. Soc. Washington Proc, XV, 1902, p. 56 ; Duerden, Nat. Acad. Sci. Mem., VIII, 1903, p. 564, Pis. VIII-X, figs. 64-73; Vaughan, Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., V, 1915, p. 596; Vaughan, Carnegie Inst. Washington Year Book No. 14, 1916, p. 227. Heliastraea barhadensis Duehassaing and Miehelotti, Sup. Mem. Corall, An- tilles, 1866, p. 85 (of reprint) ; Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour.. XXIV, 1868, p. 24. Eehinopora franski Gregory, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., LI, 1895, p.^ 274. C0RYELL-0HL8EN, FOSSIL CORALS OP PORTO RICO 195 Orhicella acropora Vaughan, Geol. Reichs. Mus. Leiden Samuil., ser. 2, II, 1901, p. 22; Yaughan, U. S. Fish Comm. Bull, for 1900, II, 1901, p. 301, Pis. VI, VIII. OrMcella annularis stellulata Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., XI, 1901, p. 96, PI. XV, fig. 2. OrMcella hispidula Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., XI, 1901, p. 100, PI. XV, figs. 3-3b. Description.—Corallum composed of rounded, epithecated masses of variable size; calices deep, circular or nearly so, 1.5 to 2.5 mm. in di- ameter and from 0.5 to 2.0 mm. apart; the septa are in three complete cycles, the primaries and secondaries extend to the columella, the ter- tiaries have their inner ends free; the septa rise steeply from the deep center of the calyx, cross over the outer rim and form costae upon the surface of the intercorallite areas; endothecal and exothecal dissepi- ments occur ; the columella consists of a tangle of the inner edges of the septa, its diameter varies from % to % of that of the calice. Cotypes.—British Museum and No. 156455, U. S. National Museum. i.oai2%.—440-129,-294,-360,-361,-362,-366, Eeeds Collection, Ameri- can Museum of Natural History, and 801, 933, 934, 975, S 5, S 7, Hub- bard Collection, Columbia University, New York City. Occurrence.—Quebradillas Formation and Ponce Formation. * Orbicella cavernosa (Linnaeus), 1766 Plate XXIX, Figure 1 Madrepora cavernosa Linn^, Syst. ed. 12, 1767, p. 1276; Esper, Pflanzenth., Fortsetz, I, 1797, p. 18, PI. XXXVII. Madreport radiata EUis and Solander, Nat. Hist. Zooph., 1786, p. 169, PI. XLVII. Favia cavernosa Oken, Lehrb. Naturg., 1815, p. 67. Astrea radiata Lamarck, Hist. Anim. sans Vert., ed. 2, 1816, pp. 258, 259, 404; Lamouroux, Encycl. Meth., 1824, pp. 57, 131, PI. XLVII (reprint of plate of Ellis and Solander). Astrea (OrUcella) radiata and A. (O.) argus Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped. Zoopli., 1846, pp. 206, 207, PI. X, figs, la, lb. Astrea cavernosa Schweigger, Hand. Natur., 1820, p. 419 ; Edwards and Haime, British Fossil Corals, 1850, p. 39. Ueliastrea cavernosa Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Corall., II, 1857, p. 463. OrUcella cavernosa Verrill, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1, 1864, p. 47; VerriU, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., X, 1865, p. 323 ; Pourtales, Florida Reefs, 1871, p. 76 ; Quelch, Reef Corals, Cball. Exped., XVI, 1886, pp. 12, 106 ; VerriU, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., X, 1900, p. 553; Vaughan, Geol. Reichs. Mus. Leiden Samml., ser. 2, II, 1901, p. 27 ; Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., XI, 1901, p. 102; Vaughan, Wash. Acad. 196 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO Sci. Jour., V, 1915, p. 596; Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearbook No. 14, 1916, p. 227 ; U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. No. 103, p. 380, PI. LXXXVII, figs. 1-lc; PI. LXXXVIII, figs. l-3b. Orhicella radiata Gregory, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc, LI, 1895, p. 270; Vaughan, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXXIV, 1899, p. 156. Description,—Corallum composed of irregularly arched, epithecated masses; calices nearly circular or elliptical, 8 to 11 mm. in diameter, 3 to 4 mm. deep and from contiguous to 6 mm. apart; individual coral- lites project from 6 to 7 mm. above the intercorallite tissue ; the mature corallite has forty-eight septa, alternate ones extending to the columella; the outer ends of the septa form costae upon the margin of the corral- lites and over the intercorallite surface ; the columellar tangle is trabecu- lar with a papillate surface and the larger ones measure 4 mm. in di- ameter. Locality,—440-27,-326,-359, Keeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History, and 818, 933, 934, 935, 936, 990, S 5, S 7, P. E. 98 (c), Hubbard Collection, Columbia University, Few York City. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale and Ponce Formation. *Orbicella costata (Duncan), 1863 Plate XXIX, Figure 2 Astraea costata Duncan, Geol. Soc, London Quart. Jour., XIX, 1863, p. 422, PL XIII, fig. 9. Heliastraea costata Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XXIV, 1867, p. 24. OrUcella costata Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 387, PL XCI, figs. l-3a ; PI. XCII, figs. 1-3 ; PI. XCIII, figs. 1, la. Description.—Corallum composed of irregular masses and heads; calices deep upon raised corallite extensions, 7.5 to 8.25 mm. in diam- eter and separated by broad costated intercorallite areas; the costae are alternately large and small; walls are thin; the septa are arranged in six systems of irregular cycles; the columella is formed by the dis- sepiments of the longer septa and a central porous tangle of tissue; en- dotheca and exotheca are abundant. Zoe6t%.—440-38,-47,-48,-105,-242,-364,-458, Eeeds Collection, Ameri- can Museum of Natural History, and 847, 909, Hubbard Collection, Columbia University, Few York City. Occurrence,—San Sebastian Shale, Juana Diaz Shale ?, Ponce For^ mation and Lares Limestone. C0RYELL-0HL8EN, FOSiSiL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 197 *Orbicella limbata (Duncan), 1863 Plate XXIX, Figure 3 Phyllocoenia limhata Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XIX, 1863, p. 433 ; Duchassaing and Michelotti, Sup. Mem. Corall. AntUles, 1860, p. 76 (of reprint) ; Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XXIV, 1867, p. 23; Duchassaing, Rev. Zooph, et. Spong. Antilles, 1870, p. 28. Pleisiastraea ramea Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jpur., XX, 1864, p. 39, PL V, figs, la, lb ; Duchassaing and Michelotti, Sup. Mem. Corall. An- tilles, 1866, p. 87 (of reprint) ; Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XXIV, 1868, p. 25 ; Duchassaing, Rev. Zooph. et Spong. Antilles, 1870. p. 30. Phyllocoenia sculpta tegula Duncan, Soc. London Quart. Jour., XIX, 1863, p. 432. Description,—Corallum composed of undulating epithecated plates; calices nearly circular^ 2.0 to 3.25 mm. in diameter, from 1 to 3 mm. apart; corallites only slightly raised above the intercorallite area; septa in three cycles extend outward from the calices over the interspaces as costae; primaries and secondaries extend inward to the trabecular columella. Locality.—440-362, Keeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History, and 991, Hubbard Collection, Columbia University, N^ew York City. Occurrence.—Ponce Formation. Orbicella tampaensis Vaughan, 1919 Plate XXX, Figure 1 OrUcella tampaensis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 390, PL XCV, figs. l-3a. Description.—The following is the original description: "The corallum forms head-shaped masses up to the size of a man's fist. "Calices deep, decidedly elevated, up to 4 or 4,5 mm. ; diameter from ^> to 10 mm. Costae prominent, distant; there are none or only rudi- mentary costae corresponding to the last cycle of septa. "Septa, distant, in four cycles, the fourth usually more or less in- ' oinplete. The primaries and some or all of the secondaries, occasionally J tertiary, reach the columella. Usually there are three or four dif- i' rent sizes. On the inner ends of the primaries are paliform teeth be- ^^'>\v which the margins fall steeply to the bottom of the fossa. Margins 198 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO of the primaries exert as much as 1.5 mm.; those of the secondaries al- most as prominent; those of the tertiaries less prominent; those of the quaternaries inconspicuous. Septa thickened in the wall. ^^Columella much looser than in the other related species.'^ Type.—No. 324900, U. S. ISTational Museum. Locality.-—The type came from the "silex^^ bed of the Tampa forma- tion, Tampa, Florida. The specimens from Porto Eico are from the following localities: 440-27,-38,-40,-48,-50,-51,-286,-456, Keeds Collec- tion, American Museum of N^atural History, and 829, 846, 890, Hubbard Collection, Columbia University, N^ew York City. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale, Ponce Formation and Lares Lime- stone. *FAMILY. FAVIIDAE GREGORY Genus Calamophyllia Blainville, 1830 CalamophylUa Blainville, Diet, des Sci. Nat., LX, 1830, p. 312 ; Milne Edwards and Haime, Ann. des Sci. Nat., ser. 3, XI, 1849, p. 261; Milne Edwards and Haime, Pol. foss. des terr. palaeoz., 1851, p. 80; Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. des corall., II, 1857, p. 342; Zittel, Traite de Paleon., I, 1883, p. 257 (French edition) ; Zittel, Text Book of Paleon., I, 1913, p. 99 (Eastman edition). Lithodendron (pars) Miehelin, Icon. Zooph., 1843, p. 94. RhahdophylUa Milne Edwards and Haime, Pol. foss. des terr. palaeoz., 1851, p. 83; Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. des corall., II, 1857, p. 347. Genotype. Cakunite striee Guettard = Calamophyllia striata (Guettard), M6m. sur les Sci. et les Arts, II, 1770, p. 406, pi. XXXIV. Description.—The corallum forms a fasciculate colony of long cylin- drical or slightly conical stems that are free above the point of fission. The surface of the branches are incompletely epithecated, leaving the costae conspicuously visible; regular or irregular collarettes ornament the stems. The calices are terminal and shallow; the columella is rudi- mentary or composed of a network of calcareous tissue; septa are nu- merous, granulose and finely denticulated, dissepiments are few to nu- merous; synapticulae sometimes present. Range.—Triassic, Jurassic and Tertiary. Remarhs.—This genus is easily distinguished from Cladocora Hem- prich and Ehrenberg by its habit of reproduction. Calamophyllia dendroidea Coryell, new species Plate XXX, Figures 2, 3 Description.—The corallum consists of a group of cylindriform brandies forming masses that vary from a cluster of a few stems to heads of several CORYELL-OHLSEN, FOSSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 199 inches in diameter. The individual branches were formed by equal division of the parent polyp, growing upward as parallel unconnected stems with terminal polyps, either slightly contiguous or free. The calices are shallow. The individual stems vary from 10 mm. to 15 mm. in diameter except at or immediately before the point of fission, where the longer diameter of the dividing polyp often measures as much as 20 mm. The outer surface is incompletely epithecated. Costal ridges are formed by the projecting ends of the septa of every cycle; the distance from the crest of one costa to the adjacent one measures 0.5 mm. ; the thickness of the thecal wall is equal to the thickness of the primary septa at the junction with the theca. From tw^enty-six to forty-two or more septa reach the central network structure that represents the columellar tangle of calcareous tissue, where several of the septa thicken or branch, forming a paliforni structure. The lateral faces of the septa are finely granulose and in places spinelike projec- tions rise and frequently form synapticulae. Dissepiments are rare. Type.—l^o. 23003-4^ American Museum of Natural History. Locality.—440-327, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History. Occurrence.-—Ponce Formation. CalamophyUia portoricensis Coryell, new species Plate XXX, Figure 4 ; Plate XXXI, Figures 1-4 Description.—The corallum forms heads of free or slightly contiguous, cylindrical or strongly compressed branches that range in diameter from 6 to 15 mm. for the cylindrical stems and from 2 to 5 and 10 to 20 mm. for the shorter and longer diameters of the compressed stems. The compression of the stems in some cases is accentuated by crushing even when about them occur undistorted branches. A rudimentary epitheca is present. The outer edge of the septa of every cycle except the last forms a costal ridge or row of costal spines, that vary from 1 mm. to 1.5 mm. apart. The thecal wall is thick, equal to two or three times the thickness of the primary septa at the junction with the theca. The septa are numerous; fifty-four septa occur in a corallite measuring 13 mm. in diameter. The septa of the last cycle are short and extend radially inward from the theca only about the thickness of the wall. The major septa reach the columellar tangle, where they thicken, forming paliform struc- tures. A few spines are present on the lateral faces of the septa. No synap- ticulae were observed. Dissepiments are rare. CalamophylUa portoricensis is easily distinguished from C. dendroidea by i^^e wider spacing and spinose character of the costae. Type.~l^o, 23001, American Museum of Natural History. /vom?%.—440,-11,-20,-56,-321,-328,-341,-346,-384,-442,-443,-451,-452,- ^'^K Reeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History, and 827, 200 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO 852, 893, 894, 917, 925, P. E. 82 (d), Hubbard Collection, Columbia University, 'New York City. Occurrence.—Los Puertos Limestone, San Sebastian Shale, Ponce Formation and Lares Limestone. Grenus Favites Link, 1807 Favites Link, Beschreib. Nat. Samml. Rostock, 1807, Pt. 3, p. 162 ; Vaughan, Geolog. Reichs Mus. Leiden Samml., ser. 2, II, 1901, p. 21 ; Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., XI, 1901, p. 92; Vaughan, Carnegie Inst. Washington Dept. of Marine Biol. Pub. 213, 1918, p. 109. Genotype. Madrepora ahdita Ellis and Solander = Madrepora favosa Esper. Description.—Corallum massive; corallites polygonal, often irregular; the individual walls separated by narrow intercorallite area ; the septa well developed usually, in three cycles ; paliform lobes present ; the columella well developed and usually trabecular. Range.—Tertiary to Eecent. Favites expansa Coryell, new species Plate XXXII, Figures 1, la Description.—Corallum forms massive heads spreading from a small base; the type specimen measures 4.75 inches in its greatest diameter and 2.25 inches in height; the corallites are of irregular shape but predominantly of a rounded form, varying from 2.5 to 10.0 mm. in diameter; the septa are numerous, well developed in the broad bottom of the calyx pits; the larger septa reach to the columella; the larger calices are deep, the younger ones are shallow ; the walls of the individuals are separated from one another by an intercalicular area that varies from 0.5 to 2.0 mm. in width. Type and Locality.—Xo. 828, Hubbard Collection, Columbia Univer- sity, Xew York City. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale. Favites irregularis Coryell, new species Plate XXXII, Figure 2 Description.—Corallum forms massive, thick, flabelliform colonies; Hi^' type specimen measures 2% inches in maximum thickness; the calices are irregular polygonal forms and of variable sizes measuring from 2 to 17 i»»'- across; the walls rise steeply above the bottom of the calices in many in- dividuals and are separated from one another by an intercorallite area vary- CORYELL-OHLSEN, FOSiSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 201 iii.i? from 0.5 to 1.0 mm, in width ; tlie septa are numerous and well developed in the bottom of the calicular pits but only represented as costal ridges upon the surrounding walls; the longer septa reach the well developed columella. Type and Locality.—No. 864, Hubbard Collection, Columbia Univer- sity, New York City. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale. Genus Goniastrea Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848 Goniastrea Milne Edwards and Haime, Compte Rendu de I'Acad. des Sci., XXVII, 1848, p. 495; Zittel, Traite de Paleontologie, I, 1883, p. 259; Zittel, Text Book of Paleontology, I, 1913, p. 90; Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, p. 416. Genotype. Astrea retiformis Lamarck, Milne Edwards and Haime, Compte Rendu de I'Acad. des Sci., XXVII, 1848, p. 495. Description.—Corallum forms massive heads with a domed or undulat- ing upper surface; the calices are irregularly polygonal, separated by simple compact walls and reproduce by fission; the septa are well de- veloped with pali occurring before the inner end of all except the last cycle; the columella is spongy. Range.—Cretaceous to Eecent. Goniastrea crassa Coryell, new species Plate XXXUI, Figure 1 Description.—The corallum forms heads 13 cm. or more in diameter; the calices are deep, irregularly polygonal, separated by thickened simple crested walls and vary from 4 to 10 mm. in their longer diameter and 3 to 5 mm. in the shorter diameters, measured from crest to crest of the walls; the septa Hic well developed, consisting of alternating long and short plates, the longer expanding at their inner ends to form paliform structures ; the ends of only tlie last cycle of septa are free; from thirty-four to forty septa are present ill the larger calices and from twenty-four ito twenty-six in the average size, wljich are 5 mm. in their greater diameter; the columella is spongy, not well aeveloi)ed in the smaller individual corallites. Type and Locality.—No. ^}S(], Hubbard Collection, (blumbia Uni- versity, New York City. Occurrence.—x\reeibo group. Remarks.-~T]ns species is distinguished from Goniastrea canalis Vaughan by the larger calices, fewer septa and thicker common wall. It '^5 iters from Ooniastrea variabiUs Duncan by the thicker common wall. 202 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO Goniastrea pectinata (Ehrenberg), 1834 Plate XXXIII, Figure 2 Astraea pectinata Ehrenberg, Korallenth. Roth. Meer., 1834, p. 96. Astraea favistella Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Zooph., 1846, p. 241, PI. XIII, figs. 2-2d. Astraea sinuosa Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., 1846, p. 243, PI. XIII, figs. 5-5c. Ooniastraea pectinata Klunzinger, Korall. Roth. Meer., 1879, Pt. 3, p. 34, PI. IV, fig. 6; Vaughan, Carnegie Inst. Washington, Dept. of Marine Biology, Pub. 213, 1018. Goniastraea favus Klunzinger, Korall. Roth. Meer., 1879, Pt. 3, p. 35, PI. IV, fig. 4, PI. X, fig. 7. Description.—Corallum forms massive heads; the corallites are poly- gonal, varying from 5 to 12 mm. in maximum diameter; the larger are oval in cross-section and present stages in reproduction by fission; the walls are thick, costated and with acute summits formed on the costa in the central part of the domed surface; the outer septal ends of adjacent calices meet upon the wall forming costa ; often a large septum is opposed by a small one ; the larger septa end in paliform lobes at the margin of the trabecular columella. Locality,—440-367, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of I^atural History. Occurrence.—Recent. Genus. Hydnophora Fischer de Waldheim, 1807 Hydnophora Fischer de Waldheim, Mus. Demidoff, III, 1807, p. 295, 1 pL; Fischer de Waldheim, Recherches sur les Hydnophores, 1810, pp. 7-13, 1 pi. ; Fischer de Waldheim, Oryetographie du gouvernement de Mos- eou, 1830-87, p. 155; Milne Edwards and Haime, Compte Rendu de I'Acad. des Sci., 1848, p. 493; Milne Edwards and Haime, Ann. des Sci. Nat., ser. 3, XI, 1849, p. 299; Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. Corall., II, 1857, p. 418; Vaughan, Carnegie Inst. Washington, Dept. of Marine Biol. Pub. 213, 1918, p. 121. Hydnophorella Delage and H^rouard, Traits de Zool. concrete, II, 1901, I*t. 2, p. 628. Genotype.—Hydnorphora demidovU Fischer de Waldheim := Madrepora exe^a Pallas, Elench. Zooph., 1766, p. 290. Description.—Corallum forms massive expansions with flattened or undulating surfaces; the corallites are all confluent in branching or in osculating arrangement, separated by disconnected ridge-like or pyramiil^d collines; the corallite centers are more or less distinct; the valleys vary from 5 to 10 mm. in width wath depths corresponding to the irregularity CORYELL-OHLSEN, FOSSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 203 in height of the coUines^ 2 to 6 mm. ; the septa are well developed, wavy, thin and dentate ; there is no columella ; transverse tissue abundant. Range.—Cretaceous to Eecent. Hydnophora hubbardi Coryell, new species Plate XXXIII, Figure 3 Description.—Corallum forms massive expansions with an undulating sur- face ; the valleys are short, irregular and confluent, varying from 5 to 10 mm. in width; the collines form pyramids and straight, curved and branching ridges that vary from 2 to 5 mm. in height. The septa are well developed, curved and dentate, averaging eight to nine in 5 mm. Type and Locality,—No. 859, Hubbard Collection, Columbia Univer- sity, New York City. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale. Genus. Lamellastraea Duncan, 1868 Lamellastraea Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XXIV, 1868, p. 19; Zittel, Traits de Pal^ontologie, I, 1883, p. 260. Genotype. Lamellastraea smytM Duncan. Lamellastraea smythi Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XXIV, 1868, p. 20, PL I, figs. 2a, 2b. Description.—The following is the original description of the genus : "The corallum is compound ; the corallites are united by their walls, and are more or less polygonal in transverse outline ; the columella is essential and lamellar; the septa are alternately large and small; and the repro- duction is principally by fissiparity through the solid columella, and oc- casionally by marginal gemmation.^' Range.—Tertiary. Lamellastraea crassa Coryell, new species Plate XXXIII, Figure 4 Deseription.~Corallnm massive, forming heads; the corallites are irregu- larly polygonal and united by their waUs ; the calices are of various sizes, the larger with their longer diameters equal to 9 mm. and their shorter 2.5 mm. ; the smaUer calices have diameters equal to from 2 to 3 mm. ; the septa are of alternating long and short plates, the longer ones reach the columella or two may unite near the columella; the shorter septa are rudimentary; twelve to eighteen longer septa are present in the average size calices; pali- iorm structures occur more or less weU developed; the calicular walls are tliiek and strong ; the columella is lamellar and well developed, especially in '^H^ elongated calices. 204: SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO Type and Locality.—Xo. 875^ Hubbard Collection, Columbia Univer- sity, New York City. Occurrence.—Recent. Genus. Latomeandra d'Orbigny, 1849 Latomeandra d'Orbigny, Milne Edwards and Haime, Ann. des. Sci. Nat., ser. 3, XI, 1849, p. 270; d'Orbignj^, Notes sur des pel. foss., 1849, pp. 8, 9 ; Milne Edwards and Haime, Pol. foss. des terr. palaeoz., 1851, p. 85. AxophylUa, Microphyllia and ComophylUa d'Orbigny, Notes sur des pol. foss., 1849, pp. 8, 9. OulophylUa d'Orbigny, Prodr. de paleont., I, 1850, p. 387 (not Milne Edwards and Haime). Latimaeandra, Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. des Corall., II, 1857, p. 543; Zittel, Traite Paleontologie, 1883, p. 261; Zittel, Text Book of Paleontology, I, 1913, p. 98. Genotype. Latomeandra plicata (Goldfuss) Lithodendron plicatum Goldfuss, Petref. Germ., 1826, p. 45, PI. XIII, fig. 5. Description.—Corallum forms massive or subdendroidal colonies; the corallites are distributed in short valleys ; the collines are formed by the union of the walls of the adjacent series ; the calicinal centers are quite distinct; the walls of the colony are finely striated and granulose; the epitheca is practically absent ; the columella is rudimentary ; tlie septa are numerous, thin, denticulate and granulose. Range.—Triassic to Tertiary. Latomeandra lata Coryell, new species Plate XXXIII, Figure 5 Description.—Corallum massive with flattened or undulating surface; tlie corallites are arranged in short, shallow, irregularly broad and narrow val- leys within which the calcinal centers are usually distinct; the width of tlie valleys vary from 40 mm. about the centers to 10 mm. between them; tlie septa are well developed, dentate, often curved and averaging seven to eig'it in 5 mm. ; the collines are thin, irregularly curved and sharply crested ; the columella is poorly developed. Type and Locality.—No. 912, Hubbard Collection, Columbia Uni- versity, New York City. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale. C0RYELL-0HL8EN, FOSi^IL CORALl^ OF PORTO RICO 205 Genus. Leptoria Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848 Lcptoria.—Milne Edwards and Haime, Compte Rendu, XXVII, 1848, p. 493 ; Zittel, Traite de Paleontologie, I, 1883, p. 259; Zittel, Text Book of Paleontology (Eastman ed.), 1913, p. 99; Vaughan, Carnegie Inst. Washington, Dept. of Marine Biology, IX, Pub. 213, 1918, p. 117; Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 421. Genotype. Madrepora pfirygia Ellis and Solander. Madrepora phrygia Ellis and Solander, Nat. Hist. Zooph., 1786, p. 162, PI. XLVIII, fig. 2. Meandrina phrygia Milne Edwards and Haime, Compte Rendu de I'Acad. des Sci., XXVII, 1848, p. 493. Description.—Columella forms massive heads with domed, flattened or undulating surfaces; the caliees are confluent and arranged in long sinuous valleys separated by simple collines ; the septa are numerous and nearly parallel; the columella is lamellar. Range.—Jurassic to Tertiary. Leptoria areolata hispida (Verrill), 1901 Plate XXXIV, Figure 1 Maeandra areolata hispida Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., XI, 1901, p. 83, PL XII, figs. 2, 3. Description.—Corallum forms massive heads of large and small size, many averaging 3 to 5 inches in diameter. The valleys are wide, vary- ing from 10 to 20 mm. across; the collines are simple in some places and double in others ; they vary from 3 to 6 mm. in thickness. The septa are well developed, hispid and coarsely serrate, the longer extend to the lamellose columella. Type.—From the Florida Eeefs ; Recent. Locality.—JI 1, H 3, Hubbard Collection, Columl)ia University, Xew York City. Occurrence.—Pleistocene and liecent. Bemarhs.—This species is placed in Leptoria because of the structure of the columella. Leptoria phrygia (Ellis and Solander) Plate XXXIA^, Figure 2 Ifddrepora phrygia Ellis and Solander, Nat. Hist. Zoopli., 1786, p. 102, PI. XLVIII, fig. 2. f^cptoria phrygia Milne Edwards and Haime, Compte Rendu de I'Aead. des Sci., XXVII, 1848, p. 493; Vaughan, Carnegie Inst. Wasbington, Pub. 213, 1918, p. 117. 206 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO Description.—Corallum forms massive dome-shaped or explanate colo- nies with the tipper surface flat or undulating; the calices are in long sinuous furrows, averaging 5 mm. wide, separated by colline walls 1 mm. thick ; the septa are numerous ; eight to nine in 5 mm., the longer reaching to or very near the lamelliform columella; the inner ends of the major septa are swollen, giving rise to paliform structures; the shorter septa are inconspicuous. Type.—Eo. 324968a, U. S. National Museum. Locality.—M^, 913, 974, 982, 993, Hubbard Collection, Columbia Uni- versity, I^ew York City. Occurrence.—Eecent. Genus.—Maeandra Oken, 1815 Maeandra Oken, Lehrb. Naturg., Th. 3, Abth. 1, 1815, pp. 68, 70; Ehrenberg, Coran. Roth. Meer., 1834, pp. 99, 101; Verrni, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., XI, 1901, p. 66; Vaughan, Carnegie Inst. Washington, Pub. 213, 1918, p. 119; Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 417, Genotype. Madrepora lahyrinthiformis Linnaeus. Madrepora lahyrinthiformis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 794. Description.—Corallnm is massive with domed, flattened or undulating surfaces, forming hemispherical colonies that are often 5 or 6 feet in diameter ; the calices are confluent and arranged in relatively long sinuous rows surrounded by simple collines; the septa are both long and short and slope downward from the crest of the collines into the actinal groove ; the inner ends of the longer septa are thickened, forming structures, that appear like pali along the margin of the porous columella in the bottom of the groove; the upper margin of the septa are coarsely dentate or serrate. Range.—Tertiary to Eecent. Maeandra antiguensis Vaughan, 1919 Plate XXXIV, Figure 3 Maeandra antiguensis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 417 ; PI. cm, figs. 3-4a. Description.—Corallum forms masses with undulating or domed sur- faces ; the furrows are relatively long and sinuous with ati average widtli of 4.25 mm.; the calcinal centers are indistinct; the collines are simple with solid-appearing, narrow summits formed by the lamelliform wall that separates the valleys; th.e septa are dentate, crowded, thirty-two to thirty-six in 1 mm., alternately long and short and slope steeply toward CORYELL-OHLSEN, FOSSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 207 the columellar groove; the longer septa reach the columella where they thicken^ forming paliform structures; the columella is porous; dissepi- ments are present. Cotype,—^o. 325003, U. S. National Museum. Locality.—9U, 916, 922, 964, Hubbard Collection, Columbia Univer- sity, New York City. Occurrence.—Middle Oligocene. Maeandra labyrmthiformis (Linnaeus), 1758 Plate XXXIY, Figure 4 Madrepora luhyrinthiformis Linn^, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1758, p. 794; Esper, Pflanzenth., Fortsetz., I, 1789,- p. 74, PI. III. Madrepora meandrites var. y Pallas, Elench, Zooph., 1766, pp. 292, 293. Meandrina cerehriformis Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., 1816, p. 246; Dana, Zooph. U. S. Expl. Exped., 1846, p. 263, PI. XIV, fig. 2. Diploria cerehriformis Milne Edwards and Haime, Compte Rendu de I'Acad. des Sci.. XXVII, 1848, p. 493; Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. Corall., II, 1857, p. 402; Pourtales, 111. Cat. Mus. Comp. Zool., No. 4, Mem. 2, 1871, p. 75; Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., X, 1900, p. 552. f Maeandrina lahyrintMformis Pourtales, Florida Reefs, Corals, 1880, PL IX, figs. 10-12. Diploria labyrinthiformis Vaughan, Samml. Geol. Reichs and Mus., II, 1901, p. 45. Diploria geographica Whitfield, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y., XIV, 1901, p. 223, Pis. XXIII, XXIV. Maeandra lahyrinthiformis Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., XI, 1901, p. 70, PL X, figs. 1-3. Description.—Corallum forms massive heads often attaining a diameter of five or six feet ; the corallites lie in long sinuous valleys separated by broad ridges; the collines consist of the calicular walls widely spaced with considerable intermural tissue and vary from 3 to 5 mm. in thick- ness; an intermural furrow, usually wide, lies upon the central portion of the dividing collines ; where extracalicinal budding occurs, the collines broaden and the dividing walls between the older valleys and the new buds are simple ; the double wall feature appears later ; the columella is porous ; the septa are numerous, strong, parallel, averaging eight to nine major ones in 5 mm. along the ridge, which unite with the columella or thicken to form the paliform structures. Locality.—94.8, Hubbard Collection, Columbia University, New York City. Occurrence and Range.—Pleistocene and Eecent. 208 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO * Genus. Manicina Ehrenberg, 1834 Manicina Ehrenberg, Corallenth. Roth. Meer., 1834, p. 101 (of reprint) ; Ver- rill, Trans. Conn. Aead. Arts and Sci., XI, 1901, p. 84. Colpophyllia Milne Edwards and Haime, Compte Rendu de I'xVcad. des Sci., XXVII, 1848, p. 492 ; Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. des Corall., II, 1857, p. 384. .Genotype. Madrepora gyrosa Ellis and Solander. Description.—Corallum massive^ wide-spreading, pedunculate mass; calices arranged in series that form deep, sinuous valleys with steep sides; the crest of the collines are marked by a groove which separates the walls of the individual series; costae present and visible upon the base of the corallum ; columella present or absent ; dissepiments present. Range.—Tertiary to Eecent. * Manicina willoughbiensis Vaughan, 1919 Plate XXXV, Figure 1 Manicina willoughlHensis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 422, Fl. CIV, figs. 2, 2a ; PL CV. Description.—Corallum forms a pedunculate expansion with flattened or curved surface; calcinal valleys deep, steep-sided, sinuous and often long, measuring 5 to 16 mm. in width and from 8 to 10 mm. in depth; calcinal centers distinct and from 9 to 21 mm. apart; collinal summits marked by a narrow furrow, 1.0 to 1.5 mm. wide; 19 to 22 septa in 1 cm.; columella present or absent; dissepiments well developed; the lower sur- face of the corallum is radially costated, the costae averaging 1 mm. apart. Type.—Xo. 325006a, U. S. Xational Museum. Locality.—440-72,-73, Reeds Collection, American Museum of Xatural History. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale. Genus. Metastraea Milne Edwards and Haime, 1857 Metastraea Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. des Corall., II, 1857, p. 525. Genotype. PHonastrea f aefjyptiaea Milne Edwards and Haime, Ann. des Sei. Nat., ser. .3, XIT, 1840,, p. 137 (Recent). Metastraea acgyptorum Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. des Corall., II. 1857, p. 525, PI. /).9, fig. 1. (The species of tbe genotype was renameil by Milne Edw^ards and Haime in error. Art. ?2, Inter. Rules, of Zool Nomen.) Description.—The corallum forms a massive hemispherical or plate like expansion spreading from a basal' center ; the diameter of the ex CORYELL-OHLSEN, FOSSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 209 pansion varies from a few to 15 inches or more ; the base is free of epithecgt and conspicuously costate; the corallites are large, of irregular poly- gonal shape and moderately deep ; a - rather simple wall separates the adjacent individuals; dissepiments are few; a cellulose colmnella is present. Range.—Tertiary to Eecent. Metastraea planulata Coryell, new species Plate XXXV, Figure 2 ; Plate XXXVI, Figure 1 Description.—The corallum forms plate-like expansions, the diameter of which varies from a few to more than 15 inches : the corallites are large and vary in shape from regularly polygonal to elongate or compressed polygonal forms ; the shorter diameters range from 5 to 10 mm. and the greater from 9 to 30 mm. ; the depth of the calices vary from 3 to 5 mm. ; each corallite depression consists of a single septal center with a spongy columella and sep- arated from the adjacent depressions by a rather simple, definite, thin wall; from thirty to fifty large septa reach to the center and between each a small one occurs, appearing often as an inconspicuous denticulate ridge on the corallite wall ; dissepiments are few. Holotype.—23011, American Museum of Natural History. Locality.—440-339,-378, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Nat- ural History. Occurrence.—Ponce Formation. * FAMILY. AGARICIDAE VEllEILL "^ Genus Agaricia Lamarck, 1801 Agarwia Lamarck, Syst. Anim. sans Vert., 1801, p. 375; Lamarck, Hist. Nat. des Anim. sans Vert., 1815 ; Lamarck, Hist, des Anim. sans Vert., II, 1836, p. 380; Quelch, Voy. Cliall. ZooL, XVI, 1886, p. 116; Vauglian, Samml. des Geol. Reichs in Leiden, II, Heft 1, 1901, p. 63; Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., Vol. XI, 1901, p. 140. Undaria Oken, Lehrb. Naturg., 1815, p. 68. Agaricia (Mycedium) Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped. Zoopli., 1846, pp. 333, 335. Agaricia and Mycedium Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. des Corall., Ill, 1860, pp. 72, 80; Ducliassaing and Miclielotti, Mem. Corall. Antilles, 1860, pp. 80, 81. (Jenotype. MeruUna tindata Ellis and Solander. Description.—Corallum unifacial or bifacial, cup-shaped, turbinate, foliate or encrusting growth ; calices stellate, arranged in concentric lines or grooves separated by collines or arranged irregularly ; the septa are in two or four cycles usually fine and evenly serrulate. Range.—Tertiary and Recent. 210 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO Agaricia agaricites crassa Verrill, 1901 Plate XXXVI, Figure 2 Agaricia crassa Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., XI, 1901, p. 145, PI. XXX, fig. 6; PL XXXIV, fig. 2; Vaughan, Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., V, 1915, p. 596; Vaughan, Carnegie Inst. Washington Year- book, 1916, No. 14, p. 228. Agaricia agaricites crassa Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 427. Description.—Corallum forms massive, spheroidal, hemispherical or explanate colonies, attaining a maximum diameter of six inches ; the upper surface is regularly convex or undulating and covered with irregularly reticulated arrangement of collines; epitheca incomplete; the calices are deep, either separated or grouped in series of two or more by prominent crested collines, the diameter of the calices varies from 2 to 3 mm.; the septa are dentate, prominent, alternately large and small, and confluent with those of the adjacent individual pits ; dissepiments are present ; the columella appears solid. Locality.—This species occurs in the reefs of the Bahamas. The speci- men studied and figured here is from the island of Porto Eico, locality 945, Hubbard Collection, Columbia University, New York City. Occurrence.—Eeeent. * Agaricia irregularis Coryell and Ohlsen, new species Plate XXXVII, Figure 1 Description.—Corallum consists of thin laminae growing in irregular funnel- shaped masses, attached at the apex of the cone; calices small, deep, conical, irregularly distributed on the inner surface only of the funnel ; each calice is sunken below the general surface of the coenenchyma ; the corallite pits consist of narrow, deep cones projecting below the intercorallite area with their apices converging toward the base of the corallum; the coenenchyma is covered with fine, longitudinal and serrated costae that coincide with the septa wherever a corallite lies in their path. Type.—ISTo. 23009, American Museum of Natural History. Locality.—440-465,-166,-467,-468, Reeds Collection, American Mu- seum of Natural History. Occurrence.—Cibao Limestone.* * Agaricia sinuata Coryell and Ohlsen, new species Plate XXXVII, Figure 2 Description.—Corallum consists of a thin lamina forming irregular funnel shaped masses; calices are deep, conical cavities forming the lower tubular CORYELL-OHLSEN, FOmiL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 211 end of a very distinctly elongated, upwardly directed depression in the coen- enchymous tissue ; they are irregularly distributed over the inner surface only of the funnel ; the corallites project below the coenenchyma as slender, cone- like shapes with their apices directed toward the base of the corallum; the intercorallite area is covered with fine, longitudinal and evenly serrated costae that join the septa as in A. irregularis. Type.—'No. 23008^ American Museum of Natural History. Locality.—440-462, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History. Occurrence.—Cibao Limestone. * Genus.—Pironastraea d'Achiardi, 1875 Pironastraea d'Achiardi, Corall. eocen. del. Friuli, 1875, p. 76, PI. XV, figs. 2a-3d ; Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 432. Genotype. Pironastraea discoides d'Achiardi. Description.—Corallum massive or consisting of undulating plates with finely costated basal epitheca, which is complete or incomplete; calices with centers either distinct or indistinct, separated by rounded collines; no interserial walls ; septa thin, numerous, traceable across the intercoral- hte ridges and trabeculate near the false or papillose columella; syn- apticulae small and abundant. Range.—Tertiary to Eecent. * Pironastraea anguillensis Vaughan, 1919 Plate XXXYII, Figure 3 Pironastraea anguillensis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 433, PL CXI, figs. 1-lb ; PI. OXII, figs. 1, la. Description.—Corallum massive, subhemispherical or plate-like; cal- cinal valleys deep with narrow bottoms ; the collines steep with narrowly rounded crests ; the septa in a single calyx, that is surrounded by an in- terseptal ridge, are numerous, averaging from thirty-eight to forty-five ; eighteen septal costae occur in a distance of 5 mm. measured near the center of the collines; the* columella .position is marked by a pit; syn- apticulae are abundant. Type.—No. 325174, U. S. National Museum. Locality.—440-45, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History and 824, 841, Hubbard Collection, Columbia University, New York City. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale. 212 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO * Pironastraea antiguensis Vaughan, 1919 Plate XXXVIII, Figure 1 Pironastraea antiguensis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 434, PI. CXII, fig. 2, 2a; PI. CXIII, fig. 1, la. Description.—Corallum massive; calcinal series measure from 5.5 to 7.5 mm. from crest to crest of the collines; valleys shallow with broad bottoms and gently sloping sides ; calcinal centers indicated by converging septa lie about 4.5 mm. apart; calcinal pits absent; septa numerous, forty- eight in an individual calyx measuring 6 mm. across ; septal costae num- erous, twenty-two in 5 mm. along the crest of the colline; synapticulae abundant; pseudocolumella present, marked by papillae. Type.—'No, 325177, IJ. S. National Museum. Locality.—440-342,-451, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Nat- ural History. Occurrence.—Ponce Formation and Lares Limestone. Genus. Siderastrea Blainville, 1830 Siderastrea Blainville, Diet. Sci. Nat., LX, 1830, p. 335; Milne Edwards and Haime, Compte Rendu de I'Acad. des Sci., XXVII, 1848, p. 495 ; Quelch, Challenger Exped., 1886, Reef Corals, p. 133 ; Verrill, Dana's Corals and Coral Islands, ed. 3, 1890, p. 424 ; Vaughan, U. S. Geol. Surv. Mono. 39, 1900, p. 154 ; Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 59, 1907, p. 136 ; Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 435. Astrea Lamarck, Syst. Anim. sans Vert., 1801, p. 371; Fromentel, Introd. a rfitude des Polyp, foss., 1861, p. 235. Astraea Oken, Lehrb. der Naturg., Th. 3, Abth. 1, 1815, p. 75; Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. Oorall., II, 1857, p. 505 ; Gregory, Geol. Soc. Lon- don Quart. Jour., LI, 1895, p. 277. Astrea = Astraea, preoccupied by Bolten for a Mollusca, Mus. Boltenianum, 1798, p. 79. Genotype. Madrepota radians Pallas = Alfred galaxes Lamarck (genotype by elimination, Art. 30, I e and III k) —Madrepora galaxea Ellis and Solander. Madrepora radians Pallas, Elench. Zooph., 1766, p. 322. Madrepora astroites Linne, Syst. Nat, ed. 1^ 1767, p. 1276 (not Pallas, 1766). Madrepora galaxea Ellis and Solander, Nat. Hist. Zooph., 1786, p. 168. Astrea radians astroites Oken, Lehrb. Naturg., Th. 3, Abth. 1, 1815, p. 65. Astrea (Siderastrea) galaxea Blainville, Diet. Sci. Nat., LX, 1830, p. 335. Description.—The following is the original description as given by Blainville : CORYELL-OHLkSEN, FOSISIL C0RAL8 OF FORTO RICO 213 ^'Loges superficielles ou pen profondes, non marginees^ a lamelles iiom- breuses, tres-fines, peu saillantes, partant d'un centre excave, et se portant jusqu^ a celles d^une autre etoile avec lesquelles sonvent elles se con- tinuent." The corallum forms massive hemispherical or dome-shaped colonies, often growing into heads several inches in diameter ; the calices are polyg- onal, compressed and irregular in some species, varying in diameter from 2.0 to 8.25 mm., and usually shallow ; the septa are numerous, arranged in three or four cycles, pronouncedly dentate, trabeculate and the shorter ones distinctly perforate ; a true or false columella is present; synapticulae may be few or abundant. Range.—Tertiary to Eecent. Siderastrea conferta (Duncan), 1863 Plate XXXVIII, Figure 2 Isastraea conferta Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XIX, 1863, p. 422, PI. XIV, jflg. 2; Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XXIV, 1868, p. 25. Siderastrea conferta Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 451, PI. CXVII, fig. 3; PI. CXX, fig. 1-4; PI. CXXI, figs. l-2a. Description.—Corallum massive, irregularly dome-shaped with some- what explanate base; measuring as much as 4.5 inches or more in di- ameter; the calices are polygonal, shallow and vary from 2.5 to 7.5 mm. ill diameter; the septa are numerous, seventy to eighty in the larger calices, conspicuously dentate on the upper margin, the outer ends often raised higher than the narrow walls of the calicular pit; synapticulae are abundant; the columella is not well developed. Type.—Coll. Geol. Soc. of London; "Chert formation''' of Antigua. Locality and Occurrence.—The specimen is from the Eeed Collection and occurs in the San Sebastian Shale. FAMILY. OULASTREIDAE VAUGHAN, 1919 Genus. Cyathomorpha Eeuss, 1868 (-uathomorpha Reuss, Denkschr. K. Akad. der Wiss. Matli-Naturwiss, cl., XXVIII, 1868, p. 142, PI. II, figs. 6 a-c; Zittel, Traits de Paleontologie, 1883, p. 260; Duncan, Linn. Soc. London Journ., Zool., XVIII, 1884, p. 105; Reis, Bayer, geognost. Landesuntersucli. Geognost. Jahresh., II, 1889, p. 147, PL III, figs. 17-19; Vaughan, I^. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 108, 1919, p. 454. 214 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO Genotype. Cyathomorpha rochettina (Michelm). Astrea rochettina Michelin, Icongraph. Zoophytol., 1840-1847, p. 58, PI. XII, fig. 2. AgathiphylUa conglohata Reuss, Die Foraminif., Anthoz. u. Bryoz. von Ober- burg, Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Math.-Naturwiss. cl. Wein., XXIII, 1864, p. 15, PI. II, figs. 10-11. Cyathomorpha conglohata Reuss, Denkschr. K. Akad. der Wiss. Math.-Natur- wiss. el., XXVIII, 1868, p. 142, PI. II, figs. 6 a-c. Cyathomorpha rochettina Reis, Bayer, geognost. Landesuntersuch. Geognost. Jahresh., II, 1889, p. 147, PI. Ill, figs. 17-19. Description,—The corallum consisting of superimposed layers, forms turf-like, turbinate, massive, explanate or dome-shaped masses, some of which are more than 10 cm. in diameter; epitheca is absent or only represented by shreds; the calyx pits are subcircular, either contiguous or separated and commonly raised above the interstitial tissue; their diameter varies from 3.5 to 20.0 mm.; septa are numerous and in sev- eral cycles, the earlier ones are solid or only with few perforations, the later cycles and rudimentary septa are distinctly perforate, composed of fused trabeculae ; the calicular rims and outer surface of the protuberant calicular cavities are costate; synapticulae and dissepiments are present and usually common; the columella is trabecular or composed of the twisted or fused end of the longer septa; pali well developed and often raised to form a crown showing above the septa. Range,—Oligocene. Remarks.—This genus is distinguished from Orhicella by its synapti- culate and perforate structures. Cyathomorpha antiguensis (Duncan), 1863 Plate XXXYIII, Figures 3-5 Astrara antiguensis Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XIX, 1863, p. 419, PL XIII, fig. 8. f Astroria affims Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XIX, 1863, p. 425; Ducliassaing and Michelotti, Sup. Mem. Corall. AntiUes, 1866, p. 83 (of reprint) ; Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XXIV, 1868, p. 24; Ducliassaing, Rev. Zooph. Antilles, 1870, p. 30. Astroria antiguensis Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XIX, 1863, P- 425 ; Ducliassaing and Miclielotti, Sup. Mem. ('orall. Antilles, 1866, p. ^-'^ (of reprint) ; Ducliassaing, Rev. Zooph. Antilles, 1870, p. 30. HeUastraea antiguensis Ducliassaing and Miclielotti, Sup. Mem. Corall. Antil- les, 1866, p. 86 (of reprint) ; Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. J<'nr.. XXIV, 1867, p. 24; Ducliassaing, Rev. Zooph. Antilles, 1870, p. 30. Cyathomorpha antiguensis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. '^^ PI. CXXIX, fig. 2; PL CXXX, figs. 1-3; PI. OXXXI, figs. 1-4: Fl- CXXXII, figs. l-2b; PI. CXXXIII, fig. 1. CORYELL-OHL^Ey, EOS^IL CORALS OE PORTO RICO 215 Description,—The corallum forms turbinate, hemispherical or discoi- clal massive heads varying from 9 to 16 inches in diameter with only rudimentary epitheca on the basal surface; the individual corallites multiply by budding, apparently intercalcinal ; the calices are rounded or subpolygonal, separated by porous tissue formed of costae and many synapticulae ; the costae pass over the calcinal margin and unite with the septa; the calyx pits vary from 3 to 12 mm. in diameter and are usually shallow, but a few specimens have deep calices, some as much as 5 mm.; the walls are synapticulate ; the septa are numerous, granu- lose, sometimes carinate and usually in four cycles, uniting with the costae over the calcinal margin; the longer septa extend to the well de- veloped columellar tangle, the shorter ones sometimes are joined to the sides of the longer ones ; the individual plates of the primary and second- ary cycles appear imperforate ; paliform lobes form a double circular fea- ture, the inner circle is more distinct and associated with the primary and secondary septa, the outer circle is associated with the tertiary septa; synapticulae and dissepiments are common. Type.—Coll. Geol. Soc. London; "Marl-formation'' of Antigua. Locality.—4:4:0-58,-119^ Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Xatural History, and 805-8, 814, Hubbard Collection, Columbia Uni- versity, New York City. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale and Lares Limestone. Cyathomorpha tenuis (Duncan), 1863 Plate XXXIX, Figure 1 A'^traea tenuis BmiQSin, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XIX, 1863, p. 421, PL XIII, jfig. 11. Jfcliastraca tenuis Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XXIV, 1868, p. 24. (>rhieena tenuis Vaughan (part), Geolog. Reichs Mus. Leiden Samml., ser. 2, II, p. 33. (linthomorpha tenuis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 467, PI. CXXXII, figs. 3, 3a ; PL CXXXIII, figs. 2-3b. ^description.—The corallum is a pulvinate mass, two to five iiiclies in 'liameter, composed of rounded tubes separated from the adjacent coral- line's either by a narrow wall or by porous tissue that measures as much •'^ *v mm. in thickness; the calices are distinctly outlined, slightly raised '*^id vary from 3 to 6 mm. in diameter; the costae, present on the calicu- '*'f' margins, extend down the outside of the calicular pits and meet f''"Be of adjacent calices; inwardly the costae unite with the numerous "!>ta that vary in number from twenty-four to forty, arranged in four 216 SCIENtAuG survey of PORTO RICO cycles; the principal septa bear paliform structures more distinct than the other primary and secondary septa; synapticulae form the wall of the tubular corallites and are numerous among the costae, where they form the coarsely porous interstitial tissue; the central network is not definitely arranged in a columella. Type.—Coll. Geol. Soc. London; ^^Marl-formation/^ Antigua. Loca^i^.—440-39,-40,-46,-49,-51,-59,-242,-325,-385, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History, and 804, 811, 815, 850, 853, 854, 855, 886, 888, P. R. 98 (f) and (g), Hubbard Collection, Columbia University, New York City. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale, Juana Diaz Shale ? and Ponce Formation. Genus. Diploastrea Matthai, 1914 Diploastrea Matthai, Linn. Soc. London, Trans., Zool., ser. 2, XVII, 1914, p. 72; Vaughan, Dept. Marine Biology, IX, Pub. 213, 1918, p. 142; Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 469. Genotype. Diploastrea heliopora (Lamarck). Astrea heliopora Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Yert., 1816, p. 265; ed. 2. 1836, p. 415. Astraea gJaucopsis Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Zooph., 1846, p. 208, PI. X, figs. 2a, 2b. Astraea patula Dana, U. S. Expl. Exped., Zooph., 1846, p. 209, PI. X, figs. 14-14e. Orhiccll<i minikoiensis Gardiner, Fauna and Geog. Maldive and Laccadive Arch., II, 1904, p. 774, PI. LXIII, fig. 35; Vaughan, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXII, 1907, p. 252. Diploastrea heliopora Matthai, Linn. Soc. London Trans., Zool., ser. 2, XVII, 1914, p. 72, PI. XX, figs. 7, 8 ; PI. XXXIV, fig. 9. Matthai states : "This genus has been created for OrMcella minikoieiiHis Gardiner," 1904. He places this species in s.ynonomy with Astrea helio- pora Lamarck, 1816, which has been described by Lamarck as follows: 'M. plantilata; stellis orbiculatis, majusculis, multiradiatis, margine separatis lamellis extus superneque incrassatis; centro papillose." Description.—Corallum consists of incrnsting or massive forms: epitheea incomplete; calicos large, shallow and commonly raised ^fbove the intercalicular area from w^hich they are separated by a wall; costae are present and in many places those of adjacent corallites are conflii'"^^^ upon the intercorallite areas and in other places alternate; the S'M'^'^ are coarsely dentate, coarsely perforate and thick near the calyx ^\;l^^• synapticulae and dissepiments are present; paliform columns are al)>''ii^ but the innermost denticles of the major septa often rise above the -nr- face and simulate pali ; the columella is trabeculate. C0RYELL-0HL8EN, FOSlSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 217 Range.—Tertiary to Eecent. Bemarhs.—DiploasU^ea is distinguished from Cyathomorpha in its coarse perforation and dentation and in the absence of pali. AgathiphyUia is similar to Diploastrea in having no pali according to Eeuss. It is necessary to study the type specimen before the relation of these two genera can be determined and until that is done the genus of Diploastrea will be recognized. BrachypJiyllia cannot be recognized without further study of the type^ B. dormitzeri. Diploastrea crassolamellata (Duncan), 1863 Plate XXXIX, Figure 2 Astraca crassolamellata Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XIX, 1863, pp. 412-417, PI. XIII, figs. 1-7. Heliastraea crassolamellata Duchassaing and Miclielotti, Sup. CoraU. AntiUes, 1866, p. 86 (of reprint) ; Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XXIV, 1868, p. 24 ; Duchassaing, Rev. Zooph. Antines, 1870, p. 30. Orhicella crassolamellata Vaughan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., LVII, 1901, p. 497. Brachi/phyllia sp. Vauglian, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., LVII, 1901, p. 497. Diploastrea crassolamellata Vauglian, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 470, PL CXXXV, figs. l-5b; PI. CXXXVI, figs. 1-1 b; PI. CXXXVII, figs. 1-5. Description.—Corallum massive, expending upward and outward from a small base^ the upper surface flat or dome-shaped, deeply grooved between the calices; the lower surface is incompletely epithecated; the talices are large, shallow, raised above the intercalicular tissue and vary from 6.25 to 27.5 mm. in diameter; the septa are in several cycles (four to nine) and very porous; synapticulae and trabeculae are abundant within and without the calyx ; the columella is well developed, large and trabeculate, often measuring 5 mm. in diameter; the calicular walls are porous; costae are present and observed wherever the epitheca is absent. Type.—Coll. Geol. Soc. London; "Marl formation,'' Antigua. /vOc«it%.—440-57,-58,-340,-378,-444, Eeeds Collection, American Mu- ^'•nm of Natural History, and 807, 81 T Hubbard Collection, Columbia ^ diversity, New York City. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale, Ponce Formation and Lares Lime- stone. 218 SCIENTIFIG SURVEY OF PORTO RICO Madreporaria Perforata family.—^acroporidae verrill Genus Acropora Oken, 1815 Acroporidae Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., XI, 1901, p. 163; (not Acroporidae Ganu, 1913, which was made to include several genera of Cheilostome Bryozoa). Genus Acropora Oken, 1815. Acropora Oken, Lehrb. Naturg., Th. 3, Abth. 1, 1815, p. 66; Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., XI, 1901, p. 164 ; 1902, p. 208 ; Vaughan, Carnegie Inst. Washington, Dept. of Marine Biol. Pub. 213, p. 159; Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 479; Zittel, Text Book of Paleon., I, 1913, p. 107. Madrepora Lamarck (not Linn6, ed. X, 1758, p. 792), Hist. Anim. sans Vert,, 11, 1816, p. 277; ed. 2, 1836, p. 445; Dana, Zooph., 1846, p. 435; Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Corall., Ill, 1860, p. 132 ; Rathbun, Catalog, U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, pp. 10-19; Klunzinger, Korall. Roth. Meer., II, 1879, p. 2 ; Brook, Catalog. Mad. Brit. Mus., I, 1893, p. 22. Isopora.—Studer (as subgenus), Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1878, p. 535; Vaughan, Fossil Corals Curaco, 1901, p. 68; Vaughan, Bull. U. S. Fish Comm. for 1900, II, 1901, p. 312. Heteropora Ehrenberg, Korall. Roth. Meer., Abhandl. K. Acad. Wiss. Berlin for 1832, 1834, p. 323; (not Blainville, whose genus was referred to a Bryozoan). Acropora Reuss, Die fossilen Anthozoen und Bryozoan der Schichtenguippe von Crosaro, Denkschrift. der K. Akad. der Wissenschaft. Wein, XXIX, 1869, p. 277, was used for a Bryozoan species. In U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 106, 1920, pp. 318-320, Canu and Bassler added two new species of Cheilostome Bryozoa to the genus of Reuss. In Zittel, Traite de Pal^ontologie, 1883, Acropora (a Bryozoan genus) was included under Vincularia as a synonym. Further study is necessary to determine what should be done with the Bryozoan species now assigned to the genus Acropora, a name that can be properly used only for a coral species. Genotype. Millepora muricata Linnaeus. Millepora muricata Linnaeus, Syst. ed. 10, 1758, p. 792. Madrepora muricata Pallas, Elench. Zooph., 1766, p. 327; Linnaeus, Syst. ed. 12, 1767, p. 1279. Madrepora cervicornis Lamarck, Hist. Anim. sans Vert., 1816, pp. 278, 281. Acropora muricata Oken, Lehrb. Naturg., Th. 3, Abth. 1, 1815, p. 66. Description,—Corallum forms branching, flabellate or palmate colo- nies; the calices are small, circular pits at the end of tubular pro- jections raised above the surface of the porous coenenchyma; they pro- trude most conspicuously upon the upper surfaces of the palmate forms or nearer the ends of the branches in the branching colonies; the sej^ta are often rudimentary and in two cycles; the two major or directive GORYELL-OHLHEN, FOSSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 219 septa in some calices form a conspicuous partition; the columella is rudimentary or absent; the costal ridges are numerous or replaced by papillose tissue. Range.—Tertiary to Eecent. Acropora crassa Coryell, new species Plate XXXIX, Figure 3 Description.—Corallum forms bilaminate, palmate fronds or masses with the lamina on the lower side of the broad fronds much thinner and carrying a less number of eorallites than the upper lamina; fronds vary in thickness from ^ to 31/2 inches; the eorallites are small, 0.5 to 0.8 mm. in diameter, circular in cross-section and separated from one another by a distance equal to or less than their diameter; the coenenchyma is coarsely porous; the calcinal walls are thick and often in contact in adjacent individuals; the directive septum is well developed and in many calices it unites with the opposite one. Type,—Ko. 23006, American Museum of Xatural History. Locality.—440-346,-368,-369, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History, and 918, 968, 987, 989, 1089, Hubbard Collection, Co- lumbia University, Xew York City. Occurrence.—Ponce Formation. Remarhs.—This species is distinguished from Acropora palmata by the thick, calcinal walls, closer average spacing of the eorallites and the thicker and less undulating palmate corallum. Acropora palmata (Lamarck), 1816 Plate XL, Figure 1 Madrepora palmata Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., II, 1816, p. 279; Gregory, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist, ser. 7, VI, 1900, p. 29. Madrepora muricata palmata Brook, Brit. Mus. Cat. Madrep. corals, gen. Madrepora, 1893, p. 25. Isopora muricata palmata Vaughan, U. S. Fish Gomm. Bull, for 1900, II, 1901, p. 313, Pis. XXVI, XXVII. Acropora muricata palmata Verrill, Trans. Gonn. Acad. Arts and Sci., XI, 1901, p. 166. Acropora palmata Vaughan, Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., V, 1915, pp. 597, 598; Vaughan, Nat. Acad. Sci. Proc, II, 1916, pp. 95, 100; Vaughan, Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearbook No. 14, 1916, pp. 227-230 ; Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 483. Description.—Corallum fo'rms undulating and palmate branching colonies ; the eorallites are circular and protrude above the finely porous coenenchyma, extending out farthest on the margins of the branches ; the 220 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO calcinal pits vary from 0.5 to 0.8 mm. in diameter; costal ridges are numerous; six septa are well developed^ a single directive or two oppo- sites are more prominent than the rest; the coenenchyma of well pre- served or recent specimens is very spinous; calcinal walls are thin. Locality.—937, H 2, Hubbard Collection, Columbia University, 'New York City. Occurrence and Range.—Pleistocene and Eecent. Acropora panamensis Vaughan, 1919 Plate XL, Figure 2 Acropora panamensis Yaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 480, PI. CXLI, figs. 1-2. Description.—Corallum composed of thick branches varying from 12 to 20 mm. in diameter and becoming compressed below a point of bi- furcation, where the greatest diameter often measures 30 mm. ; the coral- lites are protuberant, projecting upward and outward; the average in- dividual extends from 1.5 to 2.0 mm. above the coenenchyma; the di- ameters of the calices vary from 1.5 to 3.5 mm.; they are scattered over the branches irregularly, in some places more closely spaced than in others, but commonly separated from one another by a distance equal to the diameter of the calice; costal ridges are numerous; synapticulae are present; the septa occur in two cycles; the directives are well de- veloped but do not form dimidiate calices; coenenchyma is porous and near a corallite protuberance it is covered with the extended costal ridgds. Type.—No. 325042a, U. S. National Museum; Emperador Limestone. Lo6'a%.—440-51-,-62,-64,-330,-340,-454, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History, and 880, 896, 897, Hubbard Collection, Columbia University, New York City. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale, Ponce Formation and Lares Lime- stone. Genus.—Astreopora Blainville, 1830 Astreopora Blainville, Diet. Sci. Nat., LX, 1830, p. 348; Milne Edwards and Haime, Compte Rendu de I'Acad. des Sci., XXVII, 1848, p. 258; Milne Edwards and Haime, Archi. du Mus. d'Hist, Nat., V, 1851, p. 141 ; Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. des CoralL, III, 1860, p. 167 ; Bernani Brit. Mus. Cat. Madreporaria, II, 1896, p. 77 ; Vaughan, Carnegie Insi . Washington Pub. 213, 1918, p. 145 ; Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. lO'n 1919, p. 483. Genotype.—A ^freopora myriophthalma (Lamarck). Astrea myriopfithulma Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., 1816, p. 260. CORYELL-OHLSEN, FOSSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 221 Description.—Corallum consists of massive or branching colonies with porous coenenchymons tissue filling the spaces between each individual; the surface of the intercalicular area is smooth^ canaliculate or bearing small spine-like structures; the calices are irregularly rounded, slightly protuberant; the septa are irregularly developed, consisting of a dif- ferent number of cycles in different individuals of the same colony; a columella is present but often poorly developed. Range.—Tertiary to Eecent. Astreopora antiguensis Vaughan, 1919 Plate XL, Figue 3 Astreopora antiguensis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 484, PI. CXXXIX, figs. 3, 3a f PL CXL, fig. 1. Description.—Corallum consists of subterete or palmate branches; the calices are protuberant, irregular in outline, 2 to 4 mm. in diameter and varying from 1.5 to 2.5 mm. apart; the individual corallites are costate; the coenenchymons tissue appears somewhat smooth and porous except where the costae are present; the septa appear arranged in two or three incomplete cycles; the columella may or may not be present. Type.—Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Locality.—440-321, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History. Occurrence.—Ponce Formation. *FAMILY.—POKITIDAE DANA * Genus. Goniopora Blainville, 1830 Goniopora Blainville, Diet. Sci. Nat., LX, 1830, p 359; Quoy and Gaimard, Voyage de I'Astrolabe, ZooL, IV, 1833, p. 218. Genotype. Goniopora pedunculata Quoy and Gaimard. Description.—Corallum forms compressed or cylindrical branches, lamelliform foliations or subhemispherical masses; calices polygonal, 1.5 to 4.0 mm. in diameter; wall costated, spiny or granular; the septa, usually 24 in number, are arranged in the gonioporid plan, six primaries i^xtending directly to the columella with a triplet group of a secondary ^nid two tertiaries between each, and sometimes a directive plane formed ^v two opposite primaries can be distinguished; the columella is com- ^^^>sed of a network tangle of calcareous tissue; synapticulae and pali ''^e present. Bange.—Tertiary and Eecent. 222 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO * Goniopora canalis Vaughan, 1919 Plate XL, Figure 4 Goniopora canalis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 494, PL CXLVI, figs. 1-3. Description,—Corallum forms compressed branches; the calices are polygonal, varying in diameter from 2 to 4 mm. and on unweathered surfaces have a depth of 1.0 to 1.25 mm.; the walls are costate, reticu- late, ridge-like, enclosing a single calice or a longitudinal series of two to four and varying in thickness from 0.75 to 1.25 mm.; the septa are gonioporoid, tapering inward with two cycles reaching the inconspicuous columella tangle; no pali observed. Tye,—Eo. 325052, U. S. ISTational Museum.^ Locality, — 440-39,-451, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History, and 870, 878, 891, 996, Hubbard Collection, Columbia University, Few York City. Occurrence,—San Sebastian Shale and Lares Limestone. - * Goniopora cascadensis Vaughan, 1919 Plate XL, Figure 5 Goniopora cascadensis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 497, PL OXLVI, figs. 6-9. Description,—Corallum forms small subcylindrical branches; the calices are polygonal and vary in diameter from 1.5 to 2.5 mm.; the walls are thin, costate and reticulate or apparently absent in some places ; the septa are in three cycles, two of which reach the well developed, often styloform columellar tangle; the pali are slightly developed as a cycle of thickenings around the columella. Type.—Eo, 325072, U. S. National Museum. Locality.—440-38,-339,-373, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of N"atural History. Occurrence,—San Sebastian Shale and Ponce Formation. * Goniopora clevei Vaughan, 1919 Plate XL, Figure 6 Goniopora clevei Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 496, PI. CXLV, figs. l-6a. Description,—Corallum forms irregularly shaped branches; tlie calices are subcircular and shallow; the walls consist of a reticulate CORYELL-OHLSEN, FOSSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 223 structure that fills the intercalcinal spaces, the thickness of which varies from a thin synapticular zone to a reticulated mass measuring 1 mm. across; the septa are poritid in arrangement and number, except that the major ones are peripherally bifurcated; the columella is well de- veloped and centrally dense ;. the pali aggregation consists of six struc- tural elements. Type.—University of Upsala. Laca?^.—440-24,-25,-27,-38,-39,-40,-46,-48,-49,-50,-51,-58, Eeeds Col- lection, American Museum of Natural History, and 866, 867, 868, 869, 874, 877, 879, 882, P. E. 95 (b), Hubbard Collection, Columbia Univer- sity, Kew York City. Occurrence,—San Sebastian Shale. * Goniopora decaturensis Vaughan, 1919 Plate XL, Figure 7 Goniopora decaturensis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 490, PL CXLIII, figs. 1, la. Description,—Corallum consists of superimposed, undulating, foli- ated lamellae; calices are shallow, polygonal and vary from 2.5 to 3.0 mm. in diameter; the walls are thin or absent; septa are gonioporid in arrangement and number, of variable thickness, the longer reaching the conspicuous columellar tangle; trabeculae and synapticulae are present in many interseptal loculi. Type,~No. 325031, U. S. JSTational Museum. ivom?%.—440-40,-339,-341,-366,-389, Eeeds Collection, American Mu- seum of Natural History. Occurrence.—Ssin Sebastian Shale and Ponce Formation. * Goniopora decaturensis silicensis Vaughan, 1919 Plate XL, Figure 8 Goniopora decaturensis var. silicensis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 491, PI. CXLIII, figs. 2, 2a. Description.—It is only necessary here to give the characters that inake it convenient to support the erection of this variety. These are as follows: calices vary in diameter from 2.5 to 4.0 mm. and the septa are thin. Type.~l>^o. 325026, U. S. National Museum. 224 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO Locality.—440-33,-320,-323,-346^ Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History. Occurrence.—Lares Limestone and Ponce Formation. * Goniopora hilli Vaughan, 1919 Plate XLI, Figure 1 Goniopora hilU Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 488, PI. OXLII, figs. 1, la. Description.—Corallum is large, consisting of superimposed, irregu- larly flattened plates; the calicos are polygonal, varying from 3 to 4 mm. in diameter and from 1.0 to 1.5 mm. in depth on unweathered surfaces; the intercalcinal walls are from 0.75 to 1.25 mm. in thickness; the narrow walls are crossed by septa extensions (costae), the thicker walls consist of a reticulate structure; the septa are gonioporid in nimi- ber and arrangement and usually of three cycles, the first and second extending to the columellar tangle which forms the bottom of the calices ; pali are inconspicuous. Type.—^o. 325058, U. S. JSTational Museum. Locality. — 440-42,-107,-339,-340,-341,-344,-390, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History, and 1004, P. E. 98 (a), Hubbard Collection, Columbia University, ISTew York City. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale and Ponce Formation. * Goniopora imperatoris Vaughan, 1919 Plate XLI, Figure 2 Goniopora imperatoris Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 493, PI. OXLII, figs. 3, 3a. Description.—Corallum forms compressed, lobate columnar masses; the calices are polygonal, varying from li5 to 2.5 mm. in diameter and are as much as 0.75 mm. deep where the surface is unweathered; the walls are costate and consist of reticulate tissue measuring from 0.75 to 1.25 mm. in thickness; the septa are gonioporid, thin and with two cycles reaching the very conspicuous columellar tangle; pali are well developed. Type.~^o. 325049, U. S. National Museum. Jjocality.—440-46,-48,-344, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of iSTatural History. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale and Ponce Formation. CORYELL-OHLSEN, FOSSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 225 * Goniopora jacobiana Vaugiian, 1919 Plate XLI, Figure 3 Goniopora jacoMana Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 492, PL CXLIV, figs. l-3a. Description.—Corallum forms a hemispherical or columniform mass of superimposed lamellae; the calices are polygonal and vary from 2.5 to 3.5 mm. in diameter; the walls are thin, costated or having a retic- ulate structure where the thickness reaches 1 mm. ; septa are gonioporid and thin; the columella is inconspicuous and apparently absent in some calices; no pali observed. Type.—^o. 325077, U. S. Rational Museum. Locality.—440-342, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History and 942, 943, Hubbard Collection, Columbia University, New York City. Occurrence.—Ponce Formation. * Goniopora panamensis Vaughan, 1919 Plate XLI, Figure 4 Ormiopora panamensis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 489, Fl. CXLII, figs. 2-§b. Description.—Corallum is large, consisting of superimposed, flattened or domed plates; the calices are polygonal, varying from 2.5 to 3.5 mm. in diameter and often reaching a depth of 2.0 mm. ; in many places the calices occur in series surrounded by a definite, common, ridge-like wall ; the individual walls are thick, reticulated, and at the Junction angles, acervuline; the septa are gonioporid in arrangement and number, two cycles of which reach the small columellar tangle; pali are inconspicuous. Type.--^o. 325053, U. S. National Museum. Locci?%.—440-39,-47,-50,-366, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History, and 860, Hubbard Collection, Columbia University, New York City. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale and Ponce Formation. * Goniopora portoricensis Vaughan, 1919 Plate XLI, Figure 5 Ooniopora portoricensis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 495, PL CXLVI, figs. 4, 5. Description.—Comllum forms cylindrical or compressed branches ; the f-alices are polygonal, shallow and vary in diameter from 1.5 to 2.0 mm. ; 226 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO the walls are thin and appear as if formed by the fusion of the ends of the septa ; the septa are thin and in three cycles ; the columella is incon- spicuous; the pali are not always sufficiently developed to be distin- guished from the septal structures. Type.—^o. 325061, U. S. National Museum. Locality.—440-38,-57^-62,-454, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History. Occurrence,—San Sebastian Shale and Lares Limestone. * Goniopora regularis (Duncan), 1863 Plate XLII, Figures 1, la Alveopora daedalaea var. regularis Duncan, Geo. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XIX, 1863, p. 426, PI. XIV, figs. 4a, 4c. Alveopora daednlaea Duncan, Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XXIV, 1867, p. 25. Alveopora regularis Vaughan, Geol. Reich. Mus. Leiden Samml., ser. 2,* II, p. 71. Oofiiopora regularis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. BuU. 103, 1919, p. 491. Description.—Corallum is of an undulate, turbinate or lobidate columniform shape; calices are polygonal, varying from 1.5 to 2.5 mm. in diameter; the walls are distinct in places, consisting of reticulate structure ; the septa are thin, granular and gonioporid in arrangement and number; the plate-like pali are conspicuous. Locality.—440-320, Reeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History, and 865, Hubbard Collection, Columbia University, 'New York City. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale and Ponce Formation. * Genus.—Pontes Link, 1807 Porites Link, Besehreib. Natur. Samml. Rostock, 1807, p. 162; Vaughan, Samml. Geol. Reichs. Mus. Leiden, ser. 2, II, 1901, p. 73; Vaughan, U. S. Comm. of Fish and Fisheries Bull, for 1900, II, 1901, p. 314, PI. XXVIII; Vaughan, Proe. Biol. Soc. Wash., XV, 1902, p. 56; Bernard, Porites of the Indo-Pacific Region, 1905, p. 303, (35 plates) ; Bernard. Porites of the Atlantic and West Indies, 1906, p. 144, (17 plates) : Vaughan, Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 213, 1918, p. 138. Geiiotyi)e.—Madrepora porites Pallas. Description.—Corallum forms foliaceous or ramose tuffs^ incrustc' tions^ hemispherical or lobed masses with a basal epitheca; corallit* ^ with trabeculate walls; calices small, polygonal; septa trabeculate, GORYELL-OHL^EN, FOSSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 227 spinose^ twelve in number; columella a network tangle at the center of the corallite and often surmounted by a styliform trabecula; pali five or six, often indistinct, forming a circle about the columellar tangle; synapticules and dissepiments occur; tabulse are porous. Range.—Cretaceous to Eecent. * Porites anguillensis Vaughan, 1919 Plate XLII, Figure 2 Porites anguillensis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 504, PI. CXLIX, figs. 1-lb; PL CL, fig. 5. Description.—Corallum composed of thin, undulating, superimposed laminae; calices shallow, subcircular, 1.7 to 2.3 mm. in diameter; walls of dense, costate and perforate coenenchymous tissue, 0.8 to 1.0 mm. in thickness; the twelve septa thick, in poritid arrangement; the six pali are before, the inner ends of the septal groups; synapticulae are well de- veloped, forming three rows in the wall and a ring about the pali; trabeculae in columellar tangle are coarse ; an axial tubercle is present. 2'ype.—University of Upsala. Locality. — 440-40,-45,-46,-50,-119,-344,-446,-458, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of N'atural History, and P. E. 98 (b), Hubbard Col- lection, Columbia University, New York City . Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale, Lares Limestone and Ponce For- mation. * Porites astreoides Lamarck, 1816 Plate XLII, Figures 3, 3a Porites astreoides Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., IT, 1816, p. 2(59; Rathbun, U. S. Nat. Mus. Proc, X, 1887, p. 354; Vaughan, IT. S. Fish Comm. Bull, for 1900, II, 1901, p. 317, PL XXXII; PL XXXIII; PL XXXIV, figs. 1, 2; Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and ScL, XI, 1902, p. 160, PL XXXI, fig. 4; Vaughan, Carnegie Inst. Washington Year- book No. 10, 1912, pp. 148-156, PL IV, figs. 3a, 3d, 3e ; PL V, fig. 5b; PL VI, figs. Ic, 2e ; Vaughan, Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., V, 1915, p. 597; Vaughan, Nat. Acad. Sci. Proc, II, 1916, p. 98; Vaughan, Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearbook No. 12, 1916, pp. 226-228, 231; Duerden, Nat. Acad. Sci. Mem., VIII, 1903, p. 550, Pis. III-V. f*(>rites verrilli Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and ScL, XI, 1902, p. 161, PL XXXI, fig. 5. Description.—Corallum massive, subhemispherical, with a regularly curved or knobby surface ; calices polygonal, deep, 1 to 2 mm. in diame- 228 SCIENTIFIC SURVEi OF PORTO RICO ter; there are twelve principal porous septa with dentate upper margins and arranged in regular poritid form; walls are thin; the columella is composed of a network tangle; the pali are poorly developed. Locality.—440-18,-367,-462, Reeds Collection, American Museum of N"atural History. Occurrence.—Eecent, Ponce Formation ? and Cibao Limestone ?. * Porites baracoaensis Vaughan, 1919 Plate XLII, Figure 4 Porites haracoaensis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 499, PI. CXLVII, figs. 1, la. Description.—Corallum composed of slender branches; calices shal- low, polygonal, 1.25 to 2.25 mm. in diameter; walls thin, costate and with squamae present within most of the calices; septa of poritid ar- rangement; there are usually six pali, one before the inner end of each group of septa and united at the base of the calyx to the columellar tangle. Type.—Bo. 325069, U. S. National Museum. Locality.—440-362, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History, and 955, Hubbard Collection, Columbia University, New York City. Occurrence.—Ponce Formation. ^ Porites douvillei Vaughan, 1919 ^ Plate XLII, Figures 5-7 Porites douvillei Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 501, PI. CXLIX, figs. 2, 2a ; PL CLI, figs. 1, la. Description.—Corallum composed of compressed branches; calices shallow, polygonal, 1.25 to 2.0 mm. in diameter; walls thin, denticulate along the upper margin and usually straight; septa in poritid arrange- ment; pali well developed; synapticulae occur in a palar ring and in a ring midway between the center of the calyx and the wall, coinciding with a ring of septal granules; the columellar tangle has radial exten- sions to the pali and central tubercle. Gotype.—Ko. 325106, U. S. National Museum. Loca%.—440-24,-25,-26,-27,-33,-35,-38,-39,-40,-44,-45,-46,--47,-49,-50,- 52,-57,-64,-119,-123,-242,-362,-376,-451,-462, Eeeds Collection, Americmi GORYELL-OHLi^EN, FOSSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 229 Museum of Natural History, and 995, 998, 999, 1000, Hubbard Collec- tion, Columbia University, New York City. Occurrence,—San Sebastian Shale, Lares Limestone, Cibao Limestone, Juana Diaz Shale ? and Ponce Formation. Porites (Synaraea) macdonaldi Vaughan, 1919 Plate XLIII, Figure 1 Porites Synaraea macdonaldi Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 506, PI. OLII, fig. l-5a. Description.—Corallum rises from an explanate base into lobes and irregular protuberances; the calices average 1.5 mm. in diameter and are arranged separately or in series varying from two to eleven calices surrounded by a costate or coarsely reticulate colline, within which the calcinal centers are definite and the individual walls indistinct; papillae occur in many places on the reticulate tissue between the calicular de- pression, especially at the junction angles of adjacent calices; the arrange- ment of the septa cannot always be determined ; a ventral directive with lateral triplets can sometimes be observed; a ring of septal granules and another composed of synapticulae occur near the wall; pali and palar synapticulae can be differentiated in some calices; the columellar tangle is present. Cotype,—No. 325046a, U. S. National Museum ; Upper Oligocene. Locality,—SSS, 881, 1001, 1006, Hubbard Collection, Columbia Uni- versity, New York City. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale. * Porites panamensis Vaughan, 1919 Plate XLIII, Figure 2, Plate XLIV, Figure 1 f'orites panamensis Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 503, PI. CXLVIII, figs. l-3a. Description.—Corallum composed of broad, compressed, branch-like expansion with somewhat irregular surfaces; calices shallow, confluent in series of not more than three and measuring from 1.5 to 2.0 mm. in diameter; walls coarse, forming a zig-zag or straight ridge about the <*onfluent series; twelve septa in typical poritid arrangement; the septal granules are irregular and do not form a mural ring; the pali, ^'rom six to eight in number, are irregularly placed; synapticulae few '^Jid better developed around the columellar tangle. 230 SGIimTIFW SURVEY OF PORTO RICO Type.—1:^0, 325063, U. S. ISFational Museum. Locality. — 440-25,-26,-43,-52,-340,-341,-342,-361,-365,-366,-386,-452, Reeds Collection, American Museum of Natural History, and 887, Hub- bard Collection, Columbia University, ISTew York City. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale, Ponce Formation and Lares Lime- stone. Porites porites (Pallas), 1766 Plate XLIY, Figure 2 Madrepora porites Pallas, Elench. Zooph., 1766, p. 324; Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. 12, 1767, p. 1279; Ellis and Solander, Nat. Hist. Zooph., 1786, p. 172, PI. XLVII, figs. 1, 2; Esper, Pflanzenth, I, 1789, p. 135, PL XXI, Gmelin, Syst. Nat. ed. 13, 1790, p. 3774; Lamarck, Syst. Anim. Sans vert., 1801, p. 371 ; Schweigger, Handb. Naturg., 1820, p. 413. Porites polymorphus Link, Beschreib. Natur. Samml., Rostock, 1807, p. 162. Porites clavaria Lamarck, Hist. Nat. Anim. sans vert., II, 1816, p. 270; Lesueur, Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat., VI, 1820, p. 289, PI. XVII, fig. 17; Lamouroux, Exp. Meth., 1821, p. 61, PL XLVII, figs. 1, 2; Deslong- champs. Encycl. Meth. Zooph., 1824, p. 652; Blainville, Diet. Sci. Nat., XLIII, 1826, p. 50; LX, p. 361; Ehrenberg, Abh. k. Akad. Wiss., 1834, p. 341; Dana, Zooph. Explor. Exped. Wilkes, VIII, 1848, p. 554; Duchas- saing, Anim. Rad. Ant., 1850, p. 17; Milne Edwards and Haime, Ann. Sci. Nat. ZooL, ser. 3, XVI, 1851, p. 26; Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. GoralL, III, 1860, p. 174 ; Duchassaing and Michelotti, Mem. Roy. Accad. Sci., Tor., ser. 2, XIX, 1861, p. 358; Verrill, Bull. Mus. Comp. ZooL, I, 1864, p. 42; Duchassaing and Michelotti, Suppl. M^m. Cor. Ant. Mem. Roy. Accad. Sci. Tor., ser. 2, XXIII, 1866, p. 189; Duchassaing, Rev. Zooph. Ant., 1870, p. 32; Pourtalfes, 111. Cat. Mus. Comp. ZooL No. 4, 1871, p. 84 ; Lindstrom, Handl. k. Svensk. Vet.-Okad., XIV, 1877, No. 6, p. 24; Pourtal^s, Mem. Mus. Comp. ZooL, VII, 1880, Pt. 1, PL XII, figs. 4-6; Quelch, ZooL Challenger Exped., Pt. 46, 1886. p. 179; Rathbun, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, 1887, p. 356, PL XVI; PL XVII, fig. 2; PL XVIII; PL XIX, fig. 1; Rehberg, Nat. Ver. Ham- burg, XII, 1892, Pt. 1, p. 47; Vaughan, P. forma clavaria, U. S. Fish Comm. BulL for 1900, II, 1901, p. 316, PL XXIX; PL XXXI, fig. 2; Vaughan, Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearbook No. 10, 1912, pp. 148, 152, 156, PL IV, fig. 4c; PL VI, figs. 3, 4; Vaughan, Washington Acart. Sci. Jour., V, 1915, p. 597; Vaughan, Nat. Acad. Sci. Proc, II, 1916, pp. 95, 98 ; Vaughan, Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearbook No. 14, 1916, p. 228; Gregory, Quart. Jour. Geol. Soc. London, LI, 1895, p. 182. Porites flexuosa Dana, Zooph. Explor. Exped. Wilkes, 1848, p. 554, PL L^^^ fig. 6; Milne Edwards and Haime, Ann. Sci. Nat. ZooL, ser. 3, XVL 1851, p. 31; Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. CoralL, HI, 18^'^^' p. 176; Duchassaing and Michelotti, Mem. Roy. Accad. Sci. Tor., ser. -. XIX, 1860, p. 358, Suppl. Mto. CoralL, Ant. Mem. Roy. Accad. i^'i G0RYELL-0HL8EN, FOSSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 231 Tor., ser. 2, XXIII, 1866, p. 191; Duchassaing, Rev. Zooph. Ant., 1870, p. 32. Pontes flahelUformis Lesueur, Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat., VI, 1820, p. 289; Des- longchamps, Encycl. Meth. Zooph., 1824, p. 652; Milne Edwards and Haime, Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool., ser. 3, XVI, 1851, p. 31; Milne Edwards and Haime, Hist. Nat. Corall., Ill, 1860, p. 178; Duchassaing and Miehelotti, Suppl. M6m. Roy. Accad. Sci. Tor., ser. 2, XXIII, 1866, p. 190; Duchassaing, Rev. Zooph. Ant., 1870, p. 32. Pontes solanderi Duchassaing and Miehelotti, Mem. Roy. Accad. Sci. Tor., ser. 2, XIX, 1861, p. 358, Suppl. Mem. Roy. Accad. Sci. Tor., ser. 2, XXIII, 1866, p. 189; Duchassaing, Rev. Zooph. Ant., 1870, p. 32; Quelch, Zool. Challenger Exped., Pt. XLVI, 1886, p. 13. Pontes plumieri Duchassaing and Miehelotti, Suppl. Mem. Roy. Accad. Sci. Tor., ser. 2, XXIII, 1866, p. 190, PI. X, fig. 14; Duchassaing, Rev. Zooph. Ant., 1870, p.- 32 ; Quelch, Zool. Challenger Exped., Pt. XLVI, 1886, p. 13. Pontes macrocephala Duchassaing and Miehelotti, Suppl. Mem. Roy. Accad. Sci. Tor., ser. 2, XXIII, 1866, p. 189, PI. X, fig. 15 ; Duchassaing, Rev. Zooph. Ant., 1870, p. 32. Pontes recta Lesueur, Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat., VI, 1820, p. 288, PI. XVII, fig. 16; Deslongchamps, Encycl. Meth. Zooph., 1824, p. 651; Dana, Zooph. Explor. Exped. Wilkes, 1848, p. 556. Porites valida Duchassaing and Miehelotti, Suppl. Mem. Roy. Accad. Sci. Tor., ser. 2, XXIII, 1866, p. 94 (of reprint). Porites nodifera Klunzinger, Die Korallenthiere des Rothen Meeres, Pt. 2, p. 41. Porites porites Vaughan, Biol. Soc. Washington Proc, XV, 1902, p. 56; var. Vaughan, Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearbook No. 7, 1909, p. 135. Description,—The corallum forms ramose tufts with basal epitheca; the calices are shallow pits or even flush with the surface, varying from 1.5 to 2.0 mm. in diameter; the twelve septa are trabeculate, and often show a bilateral symmetry; they are grouped as follow, a single directive, four lateral pairs and a ventral triplet; a palus is present before each septal group, forming a ring of six (sometimes five) about the columellar tangle; the upper end of the columella may end in a single tubercle or appear papillose; the wall is porous and varies con- siderably from a thin division among the younger polyps on the end of the branches to as much as 0.5 mm. on the older portion of the coral- him; synaptieulae and dissepiments are present. Locality,—This species occurs in the Bermudas, Bahamas, Florida, Vera Cruz and other Caribbean regions, also in the Indian Ocean reefs. The specimen in the Hubbard Collection of Columbia University is from I'orto Rico, locality 935. 232 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO Occurrence and Range,—Miocene to Eecent. The specimen that forms the basis of this description is Eecent. * Porites toulai Vaughan, 1919 Porites toulai Vaughan, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, 1919, p. 501, PI. CL, figs. 1-4. Description.—Corallum composed of slender, subcylindrical or slightly compressed* branches ; calices shallow, 1.5 to 2.5 mm. in diameter, either surrounded by an individual wall or a wall enclosing several calices in longitudinal series with indistinct divisions separating each calyx; the septal arrangement is irregularly poritid; synapticular tissue forms a palar ring and also a circle near the wall ; an irregularly developed ring of five or six pali surrounds and is connected to the columellar tangle by radial extensions; in some cases a central tubercle is present on top of the columella. Type.—No. 32105a, U. S. ISTational Museum. Locality. — 440-24,-25,-27,-33,-38,-39,-44,-45,-46,-48,-49,-50,-51,-52,- 56,-58,-62,-63,-64,-92,-123,-299,-325,-330,-3e31,-339,-362, -383, -442, -451,- 452,-454, Eeeds Collection, American Museum of Katural History, and 924, Hubbard Collection, Columbia University, New York City. Occurrence.—San Sebastian Shale, Lares Limestone and Ponce For- mation. Other fossil corals from Porto Eico, not included in this paper but de- scribed by T. W. Yaughan in U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, are as follows: Astreopora portoricensis Vaughan, p. 485. Diploastrea crassolamellata mag- nifica (Duncan), p. 470. BIBLIOGRAPHY ACHIABDI, A. D. D'. • 1875. Corall. eocen. del Friuli, p. 76. Bayeb, J. 1889. Geognost. Landesuntersuch. Geognost. Jahresh. II, pp. 150-152. Bebnard, H. M. 1896. British Mus. Cat. Madreporaria, II, p. 77. 1905. Porites of the Indo-Pacifie Region, p. 303. 1906. Porites of the Atlantic and West Indies, p. 144. Blainville, H. D. de 1826. Diet. Sci. Nat., XLIII, p. 50. 1830. Diet. Sci. Nat., LX, pp. 312, 319, 335, 348, 351, 359, 361. Bolten, J. 1798. Museum Boltenianum, p. 79. Bbook, G. 1893. Catalog. Madrepora, British Mus., I, pp. 22, 25. CORYELL'OHLSEN, FOSSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 233 Dana, J. D. 1846. Structure and Classification of Zoophytes, U. S. Expl. Exped., pp. 205-209, 214, 241, 243, 263, 833, 335, 435. 1848. Zoophytes, U. S. Expl. Exped. Wilkes, pp. 523, 554. Delage, Y. and Herouaed, E. 1901. Traits de Zool, concrete, II, Pt. 2, p. 628. Deslongchamps, E. 1824. Encycl. Meth. Zooph., p. 652. DUCHASSAING DE FONBRESSIN, P. 1850. Anim. Rad. Ant., p. 17. 1870. Rev. Zooph. et Spong. Antilles, pp. 26, 28, 30, 32. DUCHASSAING DE FONBRESSIN, P. AND MiCHELLOTTI, G. 1861. Mem. Roy. Accad, Sci. Tor., Ser. 2, XIX, p. 358. 1866. Sup. Mem. Roy. Accad. Sci., Tor., Ser. 2, XXIII. DUERDEN, J. E. 1903. Nat. Acad. Sci. Mem., VIII, pp. 550, 564. Duncan, P. M. 1863. Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XIX, pp. 412-419, 421-423, 425, 426^ 432, 433, 436, 441, 443, 444. 1864. Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XX, pp. 39, 66. 1864. Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XXI, p. 10. 1868. Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XXIV, i>p. 19, 20, 23-25. 1873. Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., XXIX, p. 551. 1884. Linn. Soc. London Jour. Zool., XVIII, pp. 45, 105. 1895. Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., LI, p. 274. ESPER, J. F. 1797. Pflanzenth., Fortsetz., I. pp. 18, 21, 74, 135. Ehrenberg, O. G. 1834. Korallenthiere des Rothen Meeres, Abhandl. K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin for 1832, 1834 (reprint), pp. 84, 96, 99, 101, 323, 341. Ellis J. and Solander, D. C. 1786. Nat. Hist. Zooph., pp. 162, 166, 168, 169, 172. FroMENTEL, B. DE 1861. Introd. Polyp, k I'fitude des Foss., pp. 179, 235. Gardiner, C. I. 1904. Fauna and Geol. Maldive and Laccadive Arch., II, p. 774. Gmelin, J. G. 1790. Linn. Syst. Nat., ed. 13, pp. 3767, 3769, 3774. GOLDFUSS, A. 1826. Petref. Germ., p. 45. Gregory, J. W. 1895. Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., LT, pp. 270, 274, 277, 282. 1900. Palfeo. Indica, Ser. 9, II, Pt. 2, p, 59. 1900. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, VI, p. 29. GUETTARD, J. E. 1770. Mem. sur les Sci. et les Arts, II, p. 406. 234 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO Hall, J. 1851. Amer. Jour. Sci. and Arts, XT, pp. 398-401. HOFFMEISTER, J. E. See Vaughan, T. W. Klunzingeb, C. B. 1879. Die Korallenthiere des Rothen Meeres, Pt. 3, pp. 2, 34, 35. Lamabck, J. B. 1801. Syst. Anim. sans Vert, pp. 371, 375. 1816. Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., II, pp. 246, 258-260, 265, 260, 270, 273, 277-279, 281, 404. 1836. Hist. Nat. Anim. sans Vert., II, pp. 380, 415, 441, 445. Lamoueoux, J. F. 1821. Exp. Metli. Genres des Polyps., pp. 58, 61. 1824. Eneycl. Metti., pp. 57, 131. Lesuer, C. a. 1820. Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. VI, p. 289. LiNDSTBOM, G. 1877. Handl. k. Svensk. Vet.-Akad., XIV, No. 6, p. 24. Link, H. F. 1807. Besclireib. Nat. Samml. Rostock, Pt. 3, p. 162. LlNN^, O. 1758. Syst. Nat., ed. 10, pp. 792, 794. 1767. Syst. Nat., ed. 12, pp. 1276, 1279. Lonsdale, W. 1847. Amer. Jour. Sci. and Arts, Ser. 2, IV, pp. 357, 362. Matthai, 0. C. 1914. Linn. Soc. London Trans-Zool., Ser. 2, XIII, p. 72. Mayer, A. G. 1918. Dept. Marine Biology, Carnegie Inst of Washington, IX, pp. 3-48. MiCHELIN, H. 1840-47. Iconographie Zoophytologique, pp. 58, 94. MiLNE Edwards, H. and Haime, J. 1848. Compte Rendu de FAcad. des Sci., XXVII, pp. 258, 469, 492, 493, 495. 1849. Gompte Rendu de I'Acad. des Sci., XXIX, p. 261. 1849. Ann. des Sci. Nat., Ser. 3, XI, pp. 261, 270, 299. 1849. Ann. des Sci. Nat., Ser. 3, XII, p. 137. 1851. Ann. des Sci. Nat., Ser. 3, XVI, pp. 26, 31 1851. Archi. du Mus. d'Hist. Nat, V, p. 14L 1851. Pol. foss. des terr. palaeoz., pp. 80, 83, 85 1857. Hist. Nat. des Corall., II, pp. 257, 342, 347, 357, 384, 402, 418, 403, 473, 505, 525, 543. 1860. Hist. Nat. des Corall., Ill, pp. 72, 80, 132, 133, 167, 174, 176, ITS, 301. Oken, L. 1815. Lehrb. der Naturg., Th. 3, Abth. 1, pp. 65-68, 70, 75. C0RYELZ-0HL8EN, FOSSIL CORALS OF PORTO RICO 235 Orbigny, a. d'. 1849. Notes sur des pol. foss., pp. 8, 9. 1850. Prodr. de paleont. I, p. 387. Pallas, P. S. 1766. Elench. Zooph., pp. 290, 292, 293, 322, 321, 327. PouRTALES, F. Von 1871. Florida Reefs, p. 76. 1871. 111. Cat. Mus. Comp. ZooL, No. 4, Mem. 2, pp. 75, 84. 1880. Florida Reefs, Corals, PI. IX. 1880. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., VII, Pt. 1. QUEXCH, J. J. 1866. Reef Corals, Voy. Chall. Exped., Zool., XVI, pp. 12, 13, 106, 116, 133, 179. QuoY, J. R. C. AND Gaimard, P. 1833. Voyage de I'Astrolabe, Zool., IV, p, 218. Rathburn, M. J. 1887. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., X, pp. 10-19, 354, 356. Rehberg, H. 1892. Nat. Ver. Hamburg, XII, Pt. 1, p. 47. Reis, O. M. 1889. Bayer geognost. Landesuntersucli. Geognost. Jahresli., II, p. 147. Reuss, a. E. 1864. Die Foraminif., Anthoz. u. Bryoz. von Oberburg, Denkschr. K. Akad. der Wiss. Math.-Naturwlss. cl. Weiii., XXIII, p. 15. 1868. Denkschr. K. Akad. der Wiss. Math.-Naturwiss. cl., XXVIII, p. 142. 1869. Die fossilien Anthoz. u. Bryoz. der Schichtenguippe von Crosaro. Denkschrift der K. Akad. der Wiss. Math.-Naturwiss. cl. Wein. Salee, a. 1910. Acad. Roy. de Belgique, pp. 1-61. SCHWEIGGER, J. S. C. 1819. Beobacht. auf Naturf., PI. V. 1820. Hand. Naturg., pp. 413, 419. Studer, B. 1878. Monatsber. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, p. 535. Vaughan, T. W. 1899. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXXIV, p. 156. 1900. U. S. Geol. Surv. Mono., XXXIX, p. 132. 1901. Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., LVII, p. 497. 1901. Geol. Reichs Mus. T^iden Samml., Ser. 2, II, pp. 21, 22, 27, 33*, 45, 63, 71, 73. 1901. U. S. Fish. Comm. Bull, for 1900, II, pp. 301, 312, 313, 314, 316, 317. 1901. Fossil Corals, Curaco, p. 68. 1902. Biol. Soc. Washington Proc, XV, p. 56. 1902. Geol. Soc. London Quart. Jour., LII, p. 497. 1907. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 59, p. 136. 236 SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OF PORTO RICO Vaughan, T. W. 1907. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXII, p. 252. 1909. Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearbook No. 7, p. 135. 1912. Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearbook No. 10, pp. 148-156. 1915. Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearbook, Nb. 13, p. 360. 1915. Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., V, pp. 596, 597. 1916. Carnegie Inst. Washington Yearbook, No. 14, pp. 227-230. 1916. Nat. Acad. Sci. Proc, II, pp. 95, 98, lOO. 1918. Carnegie Inst. Washington, Dept. Marine Biology, IX, Pub. 213, pp. 75, 85, 117, 119, 121, 138, 142, 145, 159. 1919. U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 103, pp. 335, 336, 338-340, 342, 348-350, 380, 387, 390, 401, 402, 408, 416, 417, 421, 422, 427, 432-435, 451, 454, 463, 467, 469, 470, 479, 480, 483, 484, 488, 489, 490-497, 499, 501, 503, 506. 1922. Geol. and Paleo. of N. W. Peru, pp. 126-135. 1926. Dept. Marine Biology, Carnegie Inst, of Washington, XXIII, pp. 107-138. Vebrill, a. B. 1864. Mus. Comp. Zool. Bull., I, No. 3, pp. 42, 47, 48. 1865. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc, X, p. 323. 1870. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., I, p. 519. 1890. Dana's Corals and Coral Islands, ed. 3, p. 519. 1900. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., X, pp. 552, 553. 1901-1902. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts and Sci., XI, pp. m, 70, 83, 92-94, 96, 100, 145, 160, 161, 163, 164, 166, 206, 208. Waldheim, Fisher de 1807. Mus. Demidoff, III, p. 295. 1810. Recherches sur les Hydrophores, pp. 7-13. 1830-37. Oryctographie du gouvernement de Moscou, p. 155. Whitfield, R. P. 1901. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., N. Y., XIV, p. 223. ZiTTEL, K. A. 1883. Traite de Paleontologie, I, pp. 247, 257, 259, 260, 261. 1913. Text Book of Paleon., I, pp. 98, 99, 107. SCIENTIFIC SURVEY OP PORTO RICO AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS VOLUME III, PART 3 tions ERRATA 3 page references that appear in the captions to the plates require the following Plate XXVI Substitute pp. 186 - 189 for pp. 32 - 37 XXVII (( 190 - 193 38 - 42 XXVIII 192&194 41&43 XXIX '* 195 - 197 45 - 47 XXX " 197 - 199 48 - 51 XXXI " 199 51 XXXII (( 200 52 - 53 XXXIII ** 201 - 204 54 - 59 xxxiy " 205 - 207 60 - 63 XXXV «« 208&209 64&66 XXXVI (( 209 - 210 66 - 67 XXXVII (( 210-211 68 - 70 XXXVIII « 212-214 70 - 74 XXXIX " 215 - 219 75 - 81 XL " « 219 - 223 81-88 XLI ** 224-225 88-91 XLII a 226 - 228 91 - 95 XLIII ** 229 95-96 (( XLIV " 229 - 230 96 - 97 Plate XXVI PAGE Pocillopora portoricensis Coryell, new species, 32 Fig. 1. Lateral view, about x % Stylophora affinis Duncan, 33 Fig. 2. Showing the arrangement of the septa, about x 5/6 Fig. 2a. Lateral view of the entire specimen, about 5/6 Stylophora goethalsi Vaughan, 33 Fig. 3. Lateral view of the entire specimen; the lower % is covered with matrix, about x 4/5 Stylophora granulata Duncan, 34 Fig. 4. Lateral view of the entire specimen, about x 9/10 Stylophora macdonaldi Vaughan, 34 Fig. 5. A fragment, about x 9/10 Fig. 5a. Diagram showing septal arrangement of Stylophora, Stylophora panamensis Vaughan, 35 Fig. 6. A view showing the nodular surface, about x % Stylophora ponderosa Vaughan, 36 Fig. 7. A specimen showing the massive growth, about x 4/5 Stylophora portohellensis Vaughan, 36 Fig. 8. The terminal of a compressed branch, about x 4/5 Fig. 8a. Diagram showing septal arrangement. Astrocoenia decaturensis Vaughan, 37 Fig. 9. A dendroidal specimen, about x 4/5 VuL. III. I'l.ATEXXVl I or ' I \ 4. ^ / Plate XXVII PAGE Astrocoenia guantanamensis Vaughan, 38 Fig. 1. A weathered massive specimen, about x 4/5 Astrocoenia meinzeri Vaughan, 38 Fig. 2. A very broad branching specimen, about x 4/5 Astrocoenia ornata Milne Edwards and Haime, 39 Fig. 3. A fragment of a large massive specimen, about x % Astrocoenia portoricensis Vaughan, 39 Fig. 4. A portion of a branching colony, about x 4/5 Fig. 4a. Diagram showing the septal arrangement of Antiguastrea cellulosa curvata (Duncan) 42 Fig. 5. A fragment of a corallum, about x 4/5 fc^*" -;• ^>.. Plate XXVIII PAGE Antiguastrea cellulosa (Duncan), 41 Fig. 1. A portion of a subplanate massive specimen, about x4/5 Orhicella annularis (Ellis and Solander), 43 Fig. 2. A fragment of a massive corallum, about x % V.'ii,. liL l'i..vrK XXVI !I, .^f'* Plate XXIX PAGE Orhicella cavernosa (Linnaeus), 45 Fig. 1. A portion of a hemispherical mass, about x 4/5 Orhicella costata (Duncan), 46 Fig. 2. A hemispherical colony, about x 7/1 Orhicella limhata (Duncan), 47 Fig. 3. A portion of an undulating corallum, about x 4/5 Wf^WM ^1' ^" IK fc Plate XXX PAGE Orhicella tampaensis Vaughan, 48 Fig. 1. A head-shaped corallum, about x 4/5 Calamophyllia dendroidea Coryell, new species, 50 Fig. 2. A view of the type specimen, about x % Fig. 3. A few branches showing the habit of reproduction and the fine costae, about x % Calamophyllia portoricensis Coryell, new species, 51 Fig. 4. A view of the type specimen, about x % 4 I „. 4* -- :^: f 'If ^ '.' ^^?,^'' Plate XXXI PAGE Calamophyllia portoricensis Coryell, new species, 51 Fig. 1. Another specimen somewhat weathered, showing the coarse costa and the manner of branching, about x4/5 Fig. 2. End view of the specimen in fig. 1, about x 4/5 Fig. 3. Lateral view of the type specimen, about 5/6 Fig. 4. End view of the type specimen, showing rounded and compressed stems, about x 5/6 : Vi«(i;\' Isi.ASDK Vui.. iir. Pi.ATK XXXI '^||: %** im. Plate XXXII PAGE Favites expansa Coryell, new species, S2 Fig. 1. Surface of type specimen, about x % Fig. la. Diagram of the septal arrangement Favites irregularis Coryell, new species, 53 Fig. 2. Surface of type specimen, showing the variability in size of the corallites, about x 4/5 Plate XXXIII PAGE Goniastrea crassa Coryell^ new species, 54 Fig. 1. A view of the surface of the type, about x 4/5 Goniastrea pectinata (Ehrenberg), 55 Fig. 2. A portion of the surface of a massive head, about X 7/10 Ilydnophora hubbardi Coryell, new species, 56 Fig. 3. A view of the surface of the type, about x 4/5 Lamellastraea crassa Coryell, new species, 57 Fig. 4. A view of the type specimen, about x 4/5 Latomeandra lata Coryell, new species, 59 Fig. 5. The surface view of the type, about x 4/5 ^ (.':' ^i Plate XXXIV PAGE Leploria areolata hispida (Verrill), 60 Fig. 1. Surface of a small corallum, about x 4/5 Leptoria phrygia (Ellis and Solander), 61 Fig. 2. A fragment of a massive head, about x 4/5 Maeandra antiguensis Vaughan, 63 Fig. 3. Surface of a small corallum, about x 4/5 Maeandra lahyrinthiformis (Linnaeus), 6-3 Fig. 4. Surface of a fragment of a head, about x 9/10 Plate XXXV PAGE Manicina willoughbiensis Vaughan, 64 Fig. 1. A portion of the surface of a large specimen, x 4/5 Metastraea planulata Coryell, new species, QQ Fig. 2. A view of about one-third of the surface of the type specimen which is circular-like in expansion, x % IIL V)A n: XXW ;-,%ft- Plate XXXVI PAGE Metastraea planulata Coryell, new species, QQ Fig. 1. A portion of the surface of the type specimen, x 4/5 Agaricia agaricites crassa Verrill, g7 Fig. 2. Surface of an nndnlating corallum, x 4/5 ^ i :-.» . • %» .»vv„. ;• :*%ipP«i^:-;;:\ ... ^/pl, Plate XXXVII PAGE Agaricia irregularis CoryeU and Ohlsen, new species, 68 Fig. 1. A view of the type, which appears commonly as moulds, about x 5/6 Agaricia sinuata Coryell and Ohlsen, new species, 69 Fig. 2, A view of the type specimen, commonly appearing as moulds, about x 4/5 Pironastraea anguillensis Vaughan, 70 Fig. 3. A view of a portion of the corallum, about x 4/5 .III. Pi.ATi; XXWII (S Plate XXXVIII PAGE Pironastraea antiguensis Vaughan, 70 Fig. 1. A surface view, a complete specimen, about x % Siderastrea conferta (Duncan), 72 Fig. 2. A surface view of a small corallum, about x 5/6 Cyathomorpha antiguensis (Duncan), 74 Fig. 3. A surface view of a typical specimen, about x 5/6 Fig. 4. A specimen with large corallites, about x 4/5 Fig. 5. A fragment with one end polished, about x 9/10 ^••' :.-^^ , , "^•1,'fiiiii^ ^" .:'" !••• ^: ... 3 e^^ Plate XXXIX PAGE Cyathomorpha tenuis (Duncan)^ 75 Fig. 1. A view of a small corallum, about x 4/5 Diploastrea crassolamellata (Duncan)^ 78 Fig. 2. The surface of a fragment of a massive corallum, about X % Acropora crassa Coryell, new species, 81 Fig, 3. Lateral view of a slightly weathered specimen, x 1 Fig. 3a. View of the entire specimen, about x 1/2 Vui. lil. Pi.ATi:XXXl.\' '^^^£f^ Plate XL PAGE Acropora palmata (Lamarck), 81 Fig, 1. Lateral view of a fragment of a branch, about x % Acropora panamensis Vanghan, 82 Fig. 2. A fragment of a branch showing the prominent coral- lites, about x % Astreopora antiguensis Vaughan, 84 Fig. 3. A view^ of the end of a branch, about x 4/5 Goiiiopora canalis Vaughan, 85 Fig. 4. A surface view of the end of a branch, about x 4/5 Goniopora cascadensis Vaughan, 86 Fig. 5. A fragment of a stem, about x 4/5 Goniopora clevei Vaughan, 86 Fig. 6. A fragment of a branch, about x 5/6 Goniopora decaturensis Vaughan, 87 Fig. 7. A surface view of a corallum, about x % Goniopora decaturensis silicensis Vaughan, 88 Fig. 8. Surface of a weathered specimen with a small portion polished, about x 4/5 Vi>!,. ill. I'l \'IK XL Plate XLI PAGE Goniopora hilli Vaughan, 88 Fig. 1. Surface of one-half of a corallum, about x % Goniopora imperatoris Yaughan, 89 Fig. 2. Surface of a slightly weathered specimen, about x % Goniopora jacohiana Vaughan, 89 Fig. 3. Surface of a fragment of a weathered specimen, about Goniopora panamensis Vaughan, 90 Fig. 4. A portion of a dome-shaped undulating plate, about X 4/5 Goniopora portoricensis Vaughan, 91 Fig. 5. Fragment of a branching corallum, about x % \'4. ' J^\l Plate XLII PAGE Goniopora regularis (Duncan), 91 Fig. 1. Surface of a dome-shaped mass, about x % Fig. la. Diagram showing typical Gonioporid arrangement of septa. Porites anguillensis Vaughan 93 Fig. 2. The surface of a lamellose mass, about x 4/5 Porites astreoides Lamarck, Oo Fig. 3. Surface of a weathered specimen, about x 4/5 Fig. 3a. Diagram showing typical Poritid arrangement of septa. Porites haracoaensis Vaughan, 91 Fig. 4. A fragment of a branching corallum, about x 4/5 Porites douvillei Vaughan, 9o Fig. 5. A fragment of a nodose branch, about x % Fig. 6. A weathered fragment, about x % Fig. 7. A typical branch, about x 5/6 Plate XLIII PAGE Porites (Synaraea) macdonaldi Vaughan, 95 Fig. 1. A view of lobed surface of a domed corallum, x % Porites panamensis Vaughan^ 96 Fig. 2. A complete corallum, x 2/5 _^^y ;i=|i;*':/'^ 1^,/^ Plate XLIY PAGE Porites panamensis Vaughan^ 96 Fig. 1. A portion of the surface of a hemispherical mass, X 5/6 Porites porites (Pallas), 97 Fig. 2. A branching colony, x % Vm|.^ hi. p, ,ti \I, v^.c^y THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN DATE DUE \3 -^^>^ JUL 2 8 199? BOUND SFD241942 UNiV. OF MtCH. LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN 3 9015 03458 5623 llliSi-iil mxemmwm l^Jlllililiii' ^MU: