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Form No. 10-300 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM data SHEtT , 7 5^' FOR NPS USE ONLY RECEIVED JUN B 1976 DATE ENTERED SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOWTO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES - COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS □name , HISTORIC ' Eramaus Moravian Church and Manse AND/OR COMMON Hlocation STREETS NUMBER —NOT FOR PUBLICATION CITY, TOWN Coral Bay __vicinity of CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 1 Virgin Islands ^78^ COUNTY CODE St. John 0700 CLASSIFICATION CATEGORY —DISTRICT JiSUILDINGIS) —STRUCTURE —SITE —OBJECT OWNERSHIP —PUBLIC Xprivate —BOTH PUBLIC ACQUISITION —IN PROCESS —BEING CONSIDERED STATUS XOCCUPIED —UNOCCUPIED —WORK IN PROGRESS ACCESSIBLE XYES: restricted — YES: UNRESTRICTED —NO PRESENT USE —AGRICULTURE —MUSEUM —COMMERCIAL —PARK —EDUCATIONAL —PRIVATE RESIDENCE —ENTERTAINMENT X_RELIGIOUS —GOVERNMENT —SCIENTIFIC —INDUSTRIAL —TRANSPORTATION —MILITARY —OTHER: (OWNER OF PROPERTY NAME The Moravian Church % Pastor Willard Prout STREET & NUMBER CITY, TOWN Coral Bay STATE HLOCATION of legal DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE. REGISTRY OF DEEDS,ETC. Recorder Of Deeds viciNiTYOF St. John, virgin Islands 00830 STREET & NUMBER No. 18 Kongens Gade CITY, TOWN Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, STATE U.S. V.I, 00801 □representation in existing surveys U.S. Virgin Island Inventory of Historic Places DATE May, 197fi —FEDERAL -j^TATE —COUNTY —LOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS'Virgin Island PI winning nf-Pj r* CITY. TOWN Charlotte Amalie, U.S.V.I. STATE I DESCRIPTION ; U CONDITION CHECK ONE —EXCELLENT ^00° (church) J?FAiR (Manse) —DETERIORATED —RUINS —UNEXPOSED —UNALTERED _3lltered CHECK ONE X_ORIGINALSITE —MOVED DATE- y DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE The Eitimaus Moravian Church and manse are 5.5 miles east of coral Bay, St. John. The buildings are significant as an example on St. John of the 18th century Moravian mission style, which can be characterized as simple, functional and sober, in keeping with the tenets of the religion. The manse is the older of the two buildings, with an approximate construction date of 1750, marking it as one of the earliest buildings on the island. The approximate construction date for the original church is 1782. The church was rebuilt twice due to hurricane and fire damage. The current main story was completed in 1'918.*“'‘^ Since the Moravian architectural style changed little in the 18th century, the church's affinities in style with the Moravian church of New Herrnhut on St. Thomas, probably constructed around 1740, strongly suggest that the modern form of Emmaus is a close approxi­ mation of the original church, c. 1782. The church is situated on the side of a hill with the fall line running to the southeast. The main facade faces to the south, and there are three entrances— one on the south, and two on the north facade. The church is one story, with full basement rooms on the southern elevation, and a projection on the east end corresponding to the sacristy on the interior. It measures 40'9" by 60'7". There is a belfry attached to the west end, in the form of two tiers of square blocks, capped by a pyramidal roof. Both tiers have open arches on the exposed sides.The bell is contained in the upper tier. The masonry foundation is constructed of rubble, ballast brick and native brain coral set in a lime mortar and stuccoed. The build­ ing materials of the main story are not immediately evident, but may be identical to those of the foundation. The church is five bays by three bays, with all window and door openings in the form of semi-elliptical arches. The door on the front facade is approached by a two-flight staircase, with the second flight parallel to the main wall, and supported by two coliomns. The stringers along the exterior walls of both flights project slightly, and are highlighted with contrasting paint, creating a sawtooth pattern. On the north facade, the second and fourth bays are doors. Brick , pavement, with a herringbone pattern in front of the doors, runs along the north side, with access to it provided by a curved stair- Form No. 10-300a (Rev. 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF fflSTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NFS USE ONLY JVM 2 1976 RECEIVED DATE ENTERED NOV 7 1977 CONTI NU ATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE one case leading up from lower ground on the east, incised in the stucco on the northeast corner. The date 1918 is There is no cornice, gated metal. The roof is hipped, and covered with corru- The interior of the church is a single room undivided by nave or aisles. The ceiling is the typical West Indian "tray", a plank surface with sharply indented corners. The trusses are exposed. The manse lies on higher grade to the north about 15' from the church. A retaining wall built of rubble masonry and stucco, ap­ proximately nine feet high, runs along the south facade. The manse is a two and a half-story rectangle, constructed of rub­ ble masonry and stucco, with a later, second story wood frame gal­ lery, supported on the ground level by paired brick columns on pe­ destals. The manse measures 36'8" by 50'll", with the gallery measuring 12'4" on the side, a projection approximately equal to one bay. The lower story projects slightly from the wall, serving as a string course. The current main entrance is on the west facade of the first story. The manse is four by five bays, with flat-headed window and door openings. All openings have wood casings, and the second story windows have projecting drip caps and slip sills. There is one window in the end of the roof gable. All openings are equipped with two shutters, with drive pinles and strap hinges of wrought iron. Access to the second story is provided on the east wall by a staircase built of rubble masonry and stucco, parallel and attached to the main wall. The outside wall is solid, except for an arched, barrel-vaulted opening under the landing, which provides an access to the side door of the lower story. On the west facade, access to the second story is provided by a fine example of the "welcom­ ing arms" staircase (with walls fanning outwards at the base) with a single flight, divided into two sections by a center landing. The roof, a later replacement, has wood-sheathed gables, and there is a window in the north and south gable ends. The roof is covered with corrugated metal. GPO 692 455 Form No. 10-300a (Rev. 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF fflSTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY :: receivedJUN 2 1976 NOV 7 1977 DATE ENTERED CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER PAGE two A cookhouse is located about 20" to the west of the west of the manse, and there is a large cistern set into the hillside along the west facade of the church. A cemetary dating to the 18th century is associated with the church and and is located 200 feet to the east of it. GPO 892 455 Q SIGNIFICANCE ■I '■5 PERIOD —PREHISTORIC —1400-1499 —1500-1599 —1600-1699 XI700-1799 Xl 800-1899 1900- AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE -- CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOW —ARCHEOLOGY-PREHISTORIC —ARCHEOLOGY-HISTORIC —AGRICULTURE X_J\RCHITECTURE __ART —COMMERCE . . —COMMUNICATIONS —COMMUNITY PLANNING —CONSERVATION —ECONOMICS -EDUCATION -ENGINEERING —EXPLORATION/SETTLEMENT —INDUSTRY —INVENTION —LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE —LAW —LITERATURE —MILITARY —MUSIC —PHILOSOPHY —POLITICS/GOVERNMENT ^.RELIGION —SCIENCE -SCULPTURE —SOCIAL/HUMANITARIAN —THEATER —TRANSPORTATION —OTHER (SPECIFYl SPECIFIC DATES BUILDER/ARCHITECT STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The land now containing the compound of Moravian buildings at Coral Bay originally belonged to Governor Suhm of the Danish West India and Guinea Company in 1717. His estate was called Forsynet (Providence) and contained simple buildings, now gone. The property was acquired by Governor Thomas de Malleville in 1782 and given to the Moravians after his conversion by a free negro. Brother Cornelius, who became a church missionary. As a master mason, Cornelius built six or more churches for the Moravians, be­ came an accomplished linguist and an eloquent preacher. The Moravians were the first Protestants to send missionaries to the West Indies and were in the Danish islands as early as 1732. They were the only church allowed to minister to the slaves, and were instrumental in establishing Dutch Creole as the lingua franca spoken masters and slaves to each other. When Governor-General Peter von Scholten decreed compulsory education for slave children in the early 1840s he chose the Moravian missionaries to teach in all the new school- houses built on the three islands. The Original church building on this site was built in or shortly after 1782 and was destroyed by a hurricane in 1790. The replace­ ment was destroyed by fire in 1892. The present church was con­ structed in 1919. The Manse dates from as early as the 1750s and was certainly construc­ ted by the late 1780s. Parts of it still serve as church offices and other congregational uses. In addition to being one of the old­ est remaining buildings on the island, it reflects the almost two and a half centuries of Moravian influence on the three islands' culture. The Emmaus Moravian church and manse are significant as examples of the typical ascetic Moravian architectural style. While the church has been rebuilt (probably into a form not unlike its original state c. 1782) the manse is largely original, and a good example of the typical two-^ and-a half-story masonry and wood construction of an 18th century Moravian manse. The site also includes a fine example of a West Indian welcoming arms" staircase. □{major bibliographical references Oldendorp, C.G.A. Geschichte der Mission der evangelischen Sruder auf den caraibischen Inselin, S. Thomas, S. Croix, S.Jan. Leipzig: Barby. 1777. Morphy, Patricia Shaubah. The Moravian Mission to the African Slaves ot the Danish West Indies, 1732-1828. St. Croix; Porestige Press 1969. EIgeographical data ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY 4 ^CreS UTM REFERENCES 18 21' 00" north lat. 64° 42' 50" west long. A| , I I I , I ZONE EASTING C J 1 ■ L-I.L X ________ NORTHING jJ 1 I ■ I . I I I ■ I . I . ■ bI , I I I , I , . i I , I ■ I . . I ZONE EASTING NORTHING dI ; I I I ■ I I . I I . I .1 . . t VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION n:.......... X-::. -vx xxx . vo:iv/ . >v ? m LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES STATE CODE COUNTY CODE STATE CODE COUNTY CODE [FORM PREPARED BY NAME/TITLE Samuel N. Stokes Russell Wright, Annie Hillary, Maraeret Proskauer, V.I. Historir: Rnrvpy ORGANIZATION Virgin Islands Planning Office DATE May 17, 1976 STREETS NUMBER P.O. Box 2606 TELEPHONE (809) 774-1730 CITY OR TOWN Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, Virgin Islands STATE U.S. V.I. 00801 Estate historic preservation officer certification THE EVALUATED SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS PROPERTY WITHIN THE STATE IS: NATIONAL___ STATEX___ LOCAL As the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665), I hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according to the criteria and procedures set forth by the National Park Service. STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER SIGNATURE TITLE Director of Planning DATE May 25, 1976 FDR NPS USE ONLY ; HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS PROP/RTYIS INOtUDEOlN THE NATIONAL REGISTER DATE ATTEST: Form No. 10-300a (Rev. 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY - NOMINATION FORM FOR NPSUSE ONLY RECEIVED'^^^ ^ wrm/'. DATE ENTERED CONTI NU ATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 9 PAGE +->Tre>p Maynard, Oliver. A History of the Moravian Church, Eastern West Indies, ProvinceT Trinidad: Yuille’s Printerie, 1969. ^v- 'I-':. GPO 892 455 Property Emmaus Moravian Church and Manse sI-MK'’ " ■^OO IS5I state working Number ^ j TECHNICAL , Phntnc CONTROL Maps / 7C CM: '1 ^ JT , , , , . ARCHITECTURAL Hl^TORIA]^” ^.. ^V^^:v_. /V/V C> . :-c/ ,’.(.^ <t. ( ^ /- accept' u/p.^ C*^<>4 /Jvci.;^ a^.O/^M-,v -S'A^vaf* £:•/ u-.o-lfc: i.-,<. a ' fi C-t^ O...^ •/c/.= 6- j( S' CV^I^jk - 4. V V- i'-^-<^'. ■-, _______________________________________________/__________________ ^ / ^1- ARCHEOLOGIST flcop^' OTHER mAkjUUbv 3a5-T) 1. y HAER Inventory Review REVIEW UNIT CHIEF •Acc^ Cai^ BRANCH CHIEF KEEPER / Send-back National Register Write-up Federal Register Entry / 2- > Ca Re-submit Entered 7 1977 INT:2 106-74 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service WASO No. 7 ENTRIES IN THE NATIONAL REGISTER STATE VnOHI ISLANDS Date Entered NOV 7 1977 1 % Name Mennrljm Cfaoreh Location Cond. Bay St. J9tm Caanty i-' ■'-Hi ■ fc- “KV i'- ■ 4': Also Notified Hon. Ron Da Lugo Kaglonal Director, Soathaaat Bagion / 880 Mott/js 11/9/77 Mr. TImmm Plaanlag Mnetmr, Tirgla Zalaada XaiaMla 00801 fm THE MORAVIAN CHURCH VIRGIN ISLANDS CONFERENCE VIR<;|N ISLANDS OK THE UNITED STATES December 30, 1992 Robert Deforest, Founder/President African American Institute of Historic Preservation and Comnunity Development 1236 Euclid St. Northwest Washington, D.C. 20009 Dear Mr. Deforest: This letter is to express our interest in having your Institute, in con­ duction with the United States National Park Service, undertake an evalation of, and assist us in securing the requisite funding for the restoration and rehab­ ilitation of various St. John Moravian Churches' historical sites; including, Ehmaus Moravian Church and Parsonage, Bethany ttoravian Mission, and the Moravian Wharf in Coral Bay Harbour. We feel these historical sites (all of which are listed on the National Register of Historic Sites) will prove worthy of your attention. We invite you to visit or contact us at your earliest convenience. We were privileged to meet with Lynn Williams, President of Bridge Enter­ prises, who expressed that he was impressed with history associated with these sites, and urged that we consider pursuing this matter. Enclosed is an information booklet on our 200th Anniversary Program. We trust that you'll find this information worthy of your time. If additional information is required, you may contact us at (809) 776-0066. Sincerely, Rev. Dr. Charles Peters Superintendent cc. Susan Escherich National Park Service Rev. Ray Jos Pastoi^/^ / / Enmaus/Bethany Morav: Moravian Church ST. THOMAS Established in 1732 ST. CROIX Established in 1741 ST. JOHN Established in 1754 ■"I >^Pfr ■ ': -.'■: •: ' r^iK- ;.iti?:,'li;/VA.,/- ^ J.-.% •■* "'i-*-' ■..■<^>'U",.-'r'."''“t,..; ;'■'’ i»S«"' %. ^■' 4 .:»# miMm r«-i i4^ CHURCH •■■■■'^■■u«|a'. ••• SUNDAY, JUNE 27, 1982 ■" ’'Vr, ST.JOHN ' , ' '7 \r f ■■ <\ f #^Ur.bsr: • «%,;, ■, m - 'Mm mm ■;;",;',%|^-,-;-';.v,:Ky: ............ ■ ■ imm pities mm . .. -‘ /m-’ • ' ■ /-■';■• ;- f >^■'1 , -..h^v,.^3 i|:i« .mm,Mm- m Mm mymw- A .# ■•'■i'.e wm,'. .?•;* 'mi.*' ►r'^% ' ■ v?v^ V' i?A f mm •^:Sm mm:. kaS I- # V' \ .-■',•3-' <v 9 V ^ ./ . Emmaus Moravian Church At the time of the establishing of Bethany in 1754, the Moravians sought to expand their mis­ sionary activity to other areas of the island. In 1756, they began preaching at Carolina in Coral Bay. The overseer of the estate was well-disposed towards the Moravians and wanted his slaves con­ verted to Christianity. The missionary activities were increased at Carolina, when, in 1757, the slave Cornelius came to Carolina to do some ma­ sonry work on the plantation. He had been baptized by Martin and was a helper in the Mora­ vian Church. When he arrived at Carolina, the overseer asked him to preach to the slaves on the plantation, and he then held services on Sundays as well as in the middle of the week. They were attended by a great number of slaves. After Cornelius left, the services continued, and the missionary came from Bethany once every four weeks to preach in Coral Bay. Services were interrupted briefly during the last days of 1757, when rumors of an imminent slave rebellion were circulating. In the beginning of 1760, the services were started again when the rumors proved to be unfounded. In 1763, all preaching at Carolina was prohibited indefinitely. This was because of the attendance of a large number of unbaptized slaves who made so much noise that they caused a great deal of disturbance on the estate. The overseers allowed the slaves to attend service at Bethany instead, but as this was a quite a distance, few slaves went. In 1767, services were again started at Carolina. At this time a sugar mill was being built on the estate, and several Moravians were employed to complete the building. They held services for the slaves from May 8, 1767 until August, 1768, when the sugar mill was finished. The first service was held under a big tree and was attended by more than 300 black and several white people. Towards the end of the building of the mill, Cornelius came to help finish the work. When the Brethren had finished their work at the sugar mill on Carolina, they wished to establish a permanent mission there, so that they could “maintain the fire which the Holy Ghost had lit." They requested a piece of land where they could build a mission house, but their request remained unfilled. It again became necessary for the slaves to travel to Bethany. There is a conflict in reports concerning the actual organization of the Emmaus Congregation, but we do know that in 1782, Thomas de Malville acquired the estate Forsynet (Providence) and gave it to the Moravians who named it Emmaus. It was then possible to finally begin a mission station in Coral Bay. The location was originally the home of Johannes Reimert S^dtmann, the is­ land’s Chief Magistrate. S^dtmann, along with his step-daughter, Helena, was slaughtered by the rebels in 1733. The present Emmaus buildings were constructed a little at a time, utilizing some of the ruins of S^dtmann’s relatively palatial residence. Cornelius was the one who laid the cor­ nerstone and helped construct the church at Emmaus. After the construction of the second building, the orginal was converted into a dwelling and school. It is difficult to obtain an exact date for the com- eJ5- m ' . s"' ■• ' .' :.'. ' '‘‘■' ■””' ;■• .,.• '*» ■■< ."AT' ■, S/fe of the first services by the Moravian Brethren in Cora! Bay area. pletion of the buildings from available sources. We do know that there were both church and Mission house at Emmaus before the island was swept by a terrible storm in 1793. In the 1860’s, valiant proposals were made for self- support, native leadership, local management and education, but these brave plans soon met with set­ backs. Epidemics of cholera and yellow fever took their toll, as did several devastating hurricanes. Repeated seasons of drought plus the fact that the cane industry could no longer compete with the European beet sugar production, resulted in loss of employment. The years following 1900 saw a steady worsening of economic conditions. What with depreciation of sugar on the world market, the effects of World Wars, droughts and the rise of the cost of living, the average islander found it difficult to support his family, let alone support the church. Emigra­ tion from the island has been a major factor in the loss of members. No one should fail to stress the dedicated service and loyalty of the members or of the ministry through the years, despite the hardships they ex­ perienced. ''t.- m 1;® ■ <•-ii-/ /^ -n'Vv.-■ Genip treek marks the site called Mission Rest, stopping place when travelling between Emmaus and Bethany. rf- ; ■, r;.i.- 4*. ■ ■rt ■<> ■ v>» r.‘ :#siii«3 Emmaus Moravian Church, 1982 In an article in the West India magazine of Decem­ ber 1902, the Rev. A.B. Romig wrote: "A new conquest began with the advent of the mission­ aries, and soon there were few who had not yielded to the influence of the gospel. In this sheltered haven the life and work of the Church proceeded very quietly. The Moravian Church in St. John occupies a unique position. Owing to the isolated condition of the inhabitants in these days when prosperity is only a memory, the people depend upon the Church for the lead in every influence for moral and social improvement as well as health­ ful amusement. Its work has been the blessing of the island for the last 150 years, and the people owe it a debt of gratitude not always realized.” Ours is truly a Heritage of which we can be proud. We have been hearing much this year about those who have gone before and served us unselfishly despite many hardships. Now it behooves us to be willing and prepared to serve the present age and to look to the future with joy and determination to better serve our Lord Jesus Christ and our fellow- man. May the years ahead prove that we have been faithful. God gives the very best to those who leave the choice to him. The Belfry, 1982. The Mission House The Emmaus Moravian Mission House is undoubtedly one of the oldest buildings on St. John which is still in use today. It has been the center of church and community activity for 200 years. While the manse suffered damage in several hurricanes, it was not severe enough to alter the basic structure and character of the original building. The major alteration was in the roof structure which was changed after the manse lost its roof in 1916 (during the process the pastor, Rev. Penn, took refuge at Carolina in the home of Mr. E.W. Marsh. All sources indicate that the present day mission house is the same building which was erected in the late 18th century by the Moravian Brethren under the leadership of Cornelius. It is thus of great historic value. With its severe yet grand appearance it portrays some of the finest Mora­ vian architecture. Today it stands as one of the most distinctive landmarks on St. John. The manse was permitted to deteriorate to the point where it was no longer habitable and by mmmmssm I960, a small "temporary" dwelling was built just west of the manse. The first floor continued in use for social events, small group meetings, 4H Club, Cub Scouts and community meetings. It seems most fitting that in this year of anniver­ saries, the restoration of the manse is being realized. It will again be the landmark it deserves to be. The first floor will continue to serve church and community as well as provide a church office and a kitchen to facilitate preparation of lovefeasts and dinners. The second and third floors will be the residence for the Pastor. The accommodations will be adequate, comfortable and yet in keeping with the period. There will be three dormers on each side of the roof as there were in the original building. We take this opportunity to thank the Virgin Is­ lands Conference of the Moravian Church, archi­ tect Glover Thompson, friends and organizations on the mainland as well as local residents for join­ ing hands with the Bethany and Emmaus congre­ gations in realizing this dream. «S ?9. ■ ' ^ 'V' ■ 'V. rl, 'km# 5 iw « Emmaus Manse (Mission House), 1982. j. •■'V- .■> •>.-• Cf ?2^ ^ ■ . •L>^ ‘ h'v a; !^at% im a >« r ^ KfiSS m^m Mr~^ Emmaus Manse reconstruction begins, 1982. Brother Cornelius Cornelius was a slave born on St. Thomas. His mother was one of the first members of the Mora­ vian Congregation. She was baptized in 1740 and was named Benigna after Count Zinzendorf’s daughter. She worked as an untiring sister in the church and when she died in 1761, she was buried in the Brethren Cemetery at New Herrnhut, a very special honor. Cornelius was baptized in 1749 by Bishop Johannes Watteville. Cornelius worked as a “National Helper" in the Moravian mission beginning in 1753. The brethren described him as a reliable person, whose manners set an example to both blacks and whites. He was an outstanding helper and unusually capable teacher. His people always showed him respect and acknowledged his authority. He was the youngest and most intelligent of the helpers: the only one used to preach the Gospel in public. He was an honest and humble man. His wife. kiss' ilr mm pT- -rZi m mm */■ --t ‘’'/m-'i Brother Corneiius (courtesy Lito Vais) Barbara, was a faithful helper among the women. Cornelius was a free man in 1767 when he was building a mill on Estate Carolina in St. John, having previously bought the freedom of his wife and children. As a master mason, he was employed by the government in the construction of many public buildings. He helped build all of the Mora­ vian churches on all three islands with the excep­ tion of Midlands and Memorial. He also built most of the mission houses and schools. While Cornelius was working at Carolina, he spent his free time preaching and teaching which was instrumental in the establishment of the mission at Emmaus. He was an untiring worker in the Lord’s vineyard and brought many, both black and white, into the fold. After having converted de Malville to the Moravian Faith, he was instrumental in having de Malville translate the New Testament into Dutch Creole so that the slaves could learn to read and also to learn about Christianity. Cornelius died as an old man in 1801. As a special honor he was buried in the little cemetery of his white Moravian Brethren at New Herrnhut on St. Thomas. The Creole inscription on his tombstone is as follows: ‘‘Hieso rust die grbeent van die getraute Dienaar en Friend Jesus. Em ka loop na si Liefde Heers." (Here rest the bones of the true servant and friend of Jesus. He has gone home to his master’s love.) Thomas de Malville It is of considerable historic import to note that the tract of land given for the Emmaus Church and Mission was donated by Governor Thomas de Malville, a native St. Thomian, who lays claim to being the first native governor of the islands under the Danish regime. De Malville became a real friend of Cornelius, so much so that he had Cornelius’ portrait painted and presented it to Herrnhut. This painting still hangs in the Moravian archives in Herrnhut, East Germany. A copy is found in this publication. De Malville was converted to the Moravian faith by Cornelius, who had become his confessor. He became a convert to the Moravian Church at a time when the Lutheran Church was the church of the establishment. Governor de Malville was an outstanding adminis­ trator. A man of refined humanitarian instincts, he established the first compulsory Sunday School for slaves and translated the bible into Dutch Creole, so that the slaves could be instructed in the Christian faith. He considered the education of the slaves a preparatory stage to their freedom. De Malville died in 1798 and was deeply mourned by the Moravian Brethren who, in him, had lost a Sr’'i in mu Governor General Thomas de Malville true friend. According to his wishes he was buried in one of the simple graves in the Brethren’s ceme­ tery in Friedensthal. He was buried without the “pomp and circumstance" due him as Governor General, but according to the simple habit of the Moravians. NH Dat a S lieet DATE: 7//S-/76_ Reviewer INITIAI^: o S- NOV 7 1977 NAME AS IT APPEARS IN FEDERAL REGISTER: C^XV^^L CUxcf OTHER KA^XS: location: STRCET A NUMBER arr.TowN (2^^oJl f3exy^ STATE ^ ... 'QsJIb,^ Ca. OWNER OF property: (Circle) CONGBEbblONAL DISTRICT ) COUNTY code . ViaNITYOf 7 ^ O qoo PRIVATE STATE LOCAL GOV'T MUNICIPAL COUNTT OTHER FEDERAL (AGENCY NAME) : ' ADMINISTRATOR(underline) NPS REGION: (CIRCLE) N.ATLANTIC MID ATLANTIC SOUTHEAST MIDWEST SOUTHVXST ROCKY MOUNTAIN VEST PACIFIC NORTffl^EST features: INTERIOR ^^Substantially intact-1 _ uiUcnovm - 4 _not applicable - 1y^i EXTERIOR ENVIRONS ^^Substantially intact-2 — Substantially intact-3 __unknown .-5 unknown -6 _ not applicable - 8 _ [jot applicable-9 CONDITION -KCEUENT MGOOD Uaib mAJLtl. Yes-restricted .nterior, exterior, ci^lr^s not intact-0 _deteriorateo _umltered _RUINS lS<VrERED _UNEXP0SE0 _Reconstructed _Unexcavated —Excavated RIGINALSITE —MOVED —Un)cnown ACCESS- Yes-unrestricted No access historic district’ YES WITHIN NATIONAL REGISTER HISTORIC DISTRICT? IF YES, NAME: YES WITHIN NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK? IF YES, NAME: YES NO ADAPTIVE use; YES Saved ? UnJcnown NO YES NO FUNCTION (S); (use vocabulary words) tben-duueJi-.. how- significance: ARCHEOLOGY-PREHISTORIC archeology historic AG^ULTURE WlScHITECTURE ART AOMMERCE AOMMUNICATIONS Claims A0NSERVAT10N —ECONOMICS —EOUCADON —ENGINEERING —EXPLOHATIOH _INOUSTRY —INVENTION ■first’-’ YES NO l^l^GI -LANDSCAPE ARCH'TECTURE KiiEUCION —LAW/Gov't/pOlitiCS —SCIENCE .UTERATURE __MIUTARV —MUSIC —PHILOSOPHY —POUTICS/GOVERNMENT -entertainment —health __recreation —SOCAi/HUMANiTARiAN Settlement _socio/cultural —TRANSPORTATION __Urban & commun —OTHER (SPECIFY) planning oldest’-’ YES 'only I? NO architectural style: architec0n .builder: landscapcj/garden designer; interior decorator; ETHNIC group; names; (label role & appropriate date) personal events ^oriLUidLA engineer; artist/artisan: builder/contractor; institutional dates; date of construction (Specific date or 1/4 of century): DATE(S) OF "MAJOR" ALTERATIONS: ' ' S’ (.tKUAC>\) HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT DATE(S): SOURCE* (Qp nomination) PRIVATE STATE OTHER FEDERAL AGENCY: ACREAGE, (to nearest tenth of an acre) . LOCAL GOV"T MUNICIPAL COUNTY COMMENTS; (include architectural information here) •.VJ SIGNIFICANCE.(maximum two sentences) iA^luuiu. ot fYWuonfi ttvbuxidUn^ ; 4uili (u| mWuviajujLA ) ekmeik., h nviM^lu 4d sIajlici.