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About Google Book Search Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http://books.google.com/ BUHR 8 , ey i | ; NNN uy 1 nn 00007227 5b UPTURN OLYY —E ut SS An rah iu OmMunyS 3 iF aes shad = (on) al LIBRARY OF THE pNIVERSITYOF Michig ————_ SON | Oe al Sy Wh ) aS me ee ae A SD Bei re ee THT MLE HVOTOEE MET. | SS aocrassamenanneseoenaeese yea en vise prbbed rertsemnaints 4 re SOMENCE LiskAr - Department of the Bunferior: QK _ U. 8 eas MUSEUM. i ue > . le . E 3 e BULLETIN OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. No. 1383. PUBLISHED UNDEB THE DIRECTION OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1879. es see ” OK rus E 3 THE FLORA ST, CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS, BARON we RA! EGGERS. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. WASHINGTON: 1879. SCIENCE AGRARY OK VAS .ES sex hd, “segs! S&S Pay ADVERTISEMENT. ~ This work is the thirteenth of a series of papers intended to illustrate the collections of natural history and ethnology belonging to the United States, and constituting the National Museum, of which the Smithsonian Institution was placed in charge by the act of Congress of August 10, 1846. It has been prepared at the request of the Institution, and printed by authority of the honorable Secretary of the Interior. S SPENCER F. BAIRD, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, Washington, May, 1879. Digitized by Google FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS, WEST INDIES. By Baron H. F. A. EGGERS. To the east of the island of Porto Rico, between 18° 5’ and 18° 45’ N. lat. and 64° 5/ and 65° 35’ W. long., stretches a dense cluster of some larger and numerous smaller islands for a distance of about 85 miles, which are known by the name of the Virgin Islands. The principal islandsare Vieques and Culebra, belonging to Spain, St. Thomas and St. Jan, belonging to Denmark, and Tortola, Virgin Gorda, and Anegada, belonging to England. The superficial area of the larger islands is only from 16 to 40 square miles, whilst the smaller ones are mostly uninhabited islets, or even rocks, some of which are nearly devoid of vegetation, the coast-line of them all being sinuous, and forming numerous small bays and creeks. The whole group is evidently a submarine prolongation of the mountains of Porto Rico, showing its tops and higher ridges above the level of the sea, the depth of which between the various islands and Porto Rico is only from 6 to 20 fathoms, The declivities to the north and the south of the ridge on the reverse are very steep, no bottom hav- ing been found 25 miles to the south in 2000 fathoms, and 80 miles to the north the Challenger Expedition found a depth of about 3850 fathoms, the greatest ever measured in the northern Atlantic Ocean. The greatest height in the Archipelago is attained in its central part, St. Thomas reaching up to 1550’, Tortola even to 1780’, St. Jan and Virgin Gorda being a little lower, whilst the hills in Vieques and Cule- bra, to the west, are only 500/600’ high, and Anegada, the northeastern- most, is, as its Spanish name, the inundated, implies, merely alow or half- submerged island, elevated but a few feet over the level of the sea. The central islands, therefore, present the appearance of a steep ridge, pre- cipitously sloping to the north and the south, and cut up by numerous ‘ ravines, which during heavy rains are the beds of small torrents, but which generally are without running water, and which at their lower end widen into small level tracts on the sea-coast, often forming a lagoon on the sandy shore. Between these level tracts the coast is usually very ~ Bull. Nat. Mus. No. 13——1 1 2 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. bold and rocky, forming abrupt promontories of considerable height and picturesque appearance, the hills and ridges on the other hand being more rounded and of a softer outline, The whole group of islands, with the exception of Anegada, which is built up of a tertiary limestone of very recent and probably pliocene date, belongs to the cretaceous period,*showing as the principal rock a breccia of felsite and scoriaceous stones, the cementing part of which probably consists of decomposed hornblende, and having its cavities | commonly filled with quartz or calcareous spar. Besides this principal rock, which is often found distinctly stratified, and which is called Bluebit by the inhabitants, who generally employ the stone for building - materials, limestone, diorite, clay-slate, and other less frequent minerals also occur in the islands, forming, however, only a poor substratum for vegetation everywhere. For the product of the decomposed rock is generally a red heavy clay. Only Vieques shows a more fertile soil, pro- duced by the alteration of a syenite-like diorite, its more level surface at the same time allowing the fertile strata to remain on the surface; whilst in the other islands the heavy rains as a rule will wash the loose cover- ing of the ground down to the sea. From various facts observed in Anegada and Virgin Gorda by Sir R. Schomburgk,t as well as by Mr. Scott, in Vieques, at Porto Ferro Bay, it appears that at the present period the whole chain of islands is slowly .Tising, so that perhaps in a geologically speaking not very distant time most of the islands may become connected reciprocally and with Porto Rico. To the south of the Virgin Islands, at a distance of about 32 miles, and between 17° 40’ and 17° 47’ N. lat., 64° 35/ and 64° 54’ W. long., lies the island of St. Croix, geographically considered an outlying part of the former group, but separated from it by an immense chasm of more than 2000 fathoms, as stated above. This extraordinary crevice has no doubt been formed at an early period, and has in various respects contributed materially to isolating the island from its neighbours. , St. Croix is of about 57 square miles, and has a triangular form, with the greatest length, some 20 miles, from east to west, the greatest breadth being about 5 miles, in the western part of the island, which becomes gradually narrower towards the east. The coast-line is more connected and the surface more level than in most of the Virgin Islands, the hills stretching only along the northern coast and through the eastern part of *Cleve: On the Geology of the North-eastern West India Islands. Stockholm, 1871. tBerghaus: Almanach fir das Jahr 1837, pp. 405 and 408, FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. . 3 the island, reaching in some places as high as 1150’ (Mount Eagle), but averaging 600-800’ only. The rock of these hills is nearly the same as in the above-named group, although the Bluebit of this latter occurs more rarely, and is sub- stituted by a fine, greyish, stratified clay-slate, without vestiges of any organic remains. The strata of this slate are often very much disturbed, so as to present an exceedingly broken and overturned appearance. The greater, western part of the island forms a large, slightly inclined plain, sloping towards the south, and interrupted in a few places by low, short, isolated ridges. only 200/-300' high, and formed of a tertiary lime- stone of the miocene period. This limestone is covered by a layer of detritus and marls some feet thick, but shows itself at the surface in various places, and contains several fossils, partly of still existing species of mollusca. Along the coasts are found some new alluvial formations, often enclos- ing lagoons, some of which are of considerable size. These lagoons are being gradually filled up by vegetable matter, as well as by sand and stones washed down by the rains from the hills; but whilst in the Virgin Islands many similar lagoons have been raised already several feet above the level of the sea, and laid completely dry, no such thing has been observed in St. Croix. This seems to indicate that no rising of the ground is taking place in the latter, as is the case in the former, as mentioned above. From its whole structure and formation it may be inferred that the soil is more fertile in St. Croix than in most of the Virgin Islands, Vieques excepted, the sugar-cane being cultivated to a considerable ex- tent on the island. : Whilst thus the geology of St. Croix and the Virgin Islands presents some not unimportant differences, the climate may, on account of their similar geographical position, as well as elevation above the sea-level, be said to be materially the same in both. In accordance with the geographical position of theislands, the tempera- ture is very constant and high, the yearly mean average being 27.2° C., divided nearly equally over all the months, the.coldest, February, show- ing 25.6°, the warmest, September, 28.99, a difference of 3.3° only. The same uniformity is observcd in the daily variation, which scarcely ever surpasses 5°, the thermometer rising gradually from 6 a. m. till 2 p. m., and falling just as gradually during the rest of the 24 hours. Thus the difference of temperature at the various seasons of the year is too small to affect the life of vegetation to any very perceptible ex. 4 _ FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. tent, and it is therefore the variable degree of moisture at different times which chiefly produces any variation in the development of vegetable life at the different seasons. The lowest temperature observed at the sea-level, in the shade, is 18.19; the highest, 35.5°. In the sun, the mercury will sometimes rise as high as 51°, but as a rule does not surpass 40°. Observations made in St. Thomas by Knox * and myself show a decrease of about 2° for an eleva- ‘tion of every 800’, which gives to the highest ridges in St. Thomas and . Tortola an annual mean temperature 34°-4° lower than that of the coast, a difference sufficient to produce some variation in the flora of these parts. The northern slope of the hills, from being the “greater part of the year, viz, from August to May, less exposed to the rays of the sun, are generally also somewhat cooler and more moist than the southera ones, the consequences whereof are also felt in the life of plants to acon- siderable extent. An equal regularity, as observed in the temperature, manifests itself with regard to the pressure of the atmosphere, the daily variations of the barometer being only about 0.05”, and the maximum yearly differ- ence only 0.2’. It is only during strong gales and hurricanes that the barometer is more seriously affected, it then falling sometimes as much as 2’, These hurricanes, as a rule, occur only during the months from August to October, at which period the trade-winds frofn the northeast, which otherwise blow most part of the year, generally become unsteady and uncertain. These constant winds, combined with the high tempera- ture, no doubt are the reason why the moisture of the air is compara- tively small, being on an average only 73 per cent. of the possible maxi- mum, thus exciting a constant evaporation in plants, and rendering it necessary for them to obtain a greater supply of water through the soil than in more moist climates. For this reason a considerable quantity of rain becomes of the highest importance to the vegetable life, as being the only form in which plants can obtain a sufficient amount of water neces- sary to their existence, even dew being very rare on account of the trade- winds blowing also during the night the greater part of the year. _ Neither of the islands in question is of sufficient elevation above the sea to cool and condense the atmospheric moisture brought on by the trade-wind, nor is thejr configuration favourable for detaining the clouds, their greatest extent being parallel to the direction of the wind. Thus, for the greater part of the year they receive only a small quantity of *Knox: An Historical Account of St. Thomas, W. I. (New York, 1852.) FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS, 5 rain, falling chietly in the form of short, rapid showers of only a few minutes’ duration, and it is not till the warmer part of the year that heavy and general rains become possible in these regions. During this latter time, the trade-winds become irregular and slight, or are even entirely suspended, as stated before; hence the moisture generated by. the daily evaporation from the ocean is not carried off as soon as formed, but is allowed to gather into rain-clouds, and finally to precipitate itself again as rain nearly on the same spot where it was formed. From observations made in various islands for a period of more than twenty-five years, the annual mean quantity of rain seems to be about the same in all the islands, averaging 42-44”; the eastern parts of all, as being more exposed to the direct action of the winds, always show- ing a considerably smaller quantity than the central and western ones. Although no month of the year is without rain, yet from the above it, will be easily concluded that there is a remarkable difference between the various months in this respect: the driest, February, having only an average of 1.5”; the wettest, October, of 7.0”; and to this difference, at the various periods of the year, it is chiefly due, that notwithstanding the uniform temperature all the year round, yet some variations in the aspect and intensity of vegetable life are observed in the various sea- sons. Both the annual and the monthly quantity of rain are subject to vary considerably, one year showing 23”, or in some places 18” only, another again 70” or 78’. A still greater difference may be observed between the same months of different years: thus, February having had one year 0.19” only, another, on the contrary, 3.75; May 0.47” the one year and 16.84” the other. These excessive variations must, no doubt, materially affect vegetable life, indicating at the same time a considerable degree of hardiness in respect to drought in the perennial plants indigenous to the islands, and as alluded to above, acting upon them in a similar way as the variations in temperature in colder climates. The number of days on which rain falls averages for the period from 1852-73, 161 a year, giving a mean fall of rain of 0.27” per diem: April showing the lowest nunber, 9; October the highest, 16. Irom what has been said before, it is evident, however, that the small monthly quantity of rain during the dry part of the year, viz, January to April, divided even over a great number of days (so as to amount to 0.14” or 0.18” only a day), can be of no great importance, as it is precipitated in a short shower, is insufficient for penetrating into the soil, and so is very soon 6 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. evaporated again by the action of the sun and the trade-wind combined. It is not till May, when the increased quantity of rain is sufficient to penetrate the parched soil, that its influence and effect upon vegetation makes itself felt by renewed life and activity in all the various branches of the vegetable kingdom in general. -Looking at the vegetation of St. Croix and the Virgin Islands in its generality, and without entering into details, we may consider it to be identical, as a whole, showing the same main features, and naturally divided into four distinct formations, as in most other West India Islands, viz. the littoral, the shrubby, the sylvan, and the region of cultivation, connected, of course, here and there by intermediate forma- tions, but on the whole virtually distinct from different biological con- ditions. \ Beginning with the littoral flora, we find along the coast in shallow water a multitude of Alge, among which are found some marine Phane- rogame, especially the common Thalassia testudinum and Cymodocca manatorum, and in less quantity the beautiful little Halophila Baillonii, a recently discovered Potamea, with oval delicate leaves, and growing gregariously on the bottom of the sea in coarse gravel. ‘The vegetation .of tropical seashores is of a very uniform character all over the world, the physical conditions being similar on them all, and the migration from one shore to another being exceedingly facilitated by the sea as well as by birds, storms, and the action and intercourse of the inhab- itants. Thus, the same species of littoral plants are found on nearly all the West India islands, many of them also inhabitants of far distant shores on the African and Asiatic continents,—belonging to the cosmo- politan and transoceanic species, a list of which was first prepared by Robert Brown, and afterwards augmented by A. DeCandolle, and which seem to possess an extraordinary faculty for migration. According to the different character of the coast, as sandy, rocky, or swampy, the vegetation on it also assumes a different aspect. On the sandy shore, which is composed of a fine white gravel, con- sisting principally of innumerable pieces of broken shells and corals, and thus forming a thick layer of carbonate of lime, we see a luxurious flora of trees, shrubs, and minor plants, which all, on account of the underground water collecting from the hills above, generally have a green appearance all the year round, even when the hills of the interior present a withered aspect from want of rain. Among the trees grow- ing here the most prominent are the Hippomane Mancinella, the Cocco- FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 7 loba wrifera, Chrysobalanus Icaco, and Canella alba, besides the Cocos nucifera, which is planted and naturalized, especially on the low sandy seashore. Under these taller forms appear many kinds of shrubs, such as Ecastophylium Brownei, Tournefortia gnaphalodes, Borrichia arbores- _cens, Ernodea litoralis, Suriana maritima, Erithalis fruticosa, Colubrina JSerruginosa, Guilandina Bonduc and Bonducella, and several others. Still lower shrubs and suffrutescent herbs are Scewvola Plumieri, Tourne- Sortia gnaphalodes, Sesuvium portulacastrum, Heliotropium curassavicum, Philoxerus vermiculatus, Cakile equalis, as well as several grasses and sedges, as Sporobulus litoralis, Stenotaphrum americanum, and Cyperus brunneus, a8 also some remarkable creepers or climbers, such as Ipomea pes-capre and Lablab vulgaris. Most of these species disappear on the rocky cliffs, where they give room for others, mostly shrubs of a low growth, and with thicker or more coriaceous leaves, that are able to resist the force of the wind, which often bends the whole plant into a dwarfish individual, the branches of which are cut off ag the top in a western direction. The most common of these shrubs are Jacquinia armillaris, Elaodendron aylocarpum, Plumieria alba, and Coccoloba punctata, as well as some monocotyledonous plants, such as Piicairnia angustifolia, Agave amert- cana, and a few Cacti, principally the stout Melocactus communis. Still more different forms appear where the coast becomes swampy from the presence of lagoons. Here predominates the Mangrove forma- tion, composed chiefly of Laguncularia racemosa, Conocarpus erectus, Avi- cennia nitida, and Rhizophora Mangle, which all grow more or less in the water itself. In less moist places we find some others, such as Bucida Buceras, Anona palustris, Antherylium Rohrii, and the curious Batis ma- ritima, which recalls to the mind the halophytes of the steppes. However different these various forms of littoral plants may appear, compared to each other, yet they all have in common the predilection for the sea, the saline exhalation of which seems indispensable to their growth. Some have even, like Avicennia, their leaves always covered with small salt crystals; others, like Batis maritima, are true halophytes, and only very few of the plants of the coast in generality are found in the interior even of these smallislands. An exception is made by the cocoa- nut palm, which is found growing all about on the islands, even on the top of the highest hills, as also by Coccoloba uvifera, found in similar localities. In passing from the coast into the interior we find on the eastern, aud 8 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. partly also on the southern part of all the islands, a dry shrubby vege- tation of a greyish or yellowish aspect, which, from the predominating genus composing its elements, I have called the Croton vegetation. This peculiar kind of dry shrub also occurs here and there in other parts of the islands, where the soil, through reckless cultivation, has become too exhausted to produce a growth of taller trees, and it cannot be estimated to cover less than one third part of the whole surface of the islands, pre- dominating in some, as Tortola, St. Thomas, and Culebra, less conspicu- ous in others, as St. Jan, Vieques, and St. Croix. The ravines as well as the northern and western parts of the islands are often covered with a growth of taller trees, forming a kind of forest, ' composed of species partly evergreen and partly with deciduous foliage, and which, from one of the most prominent forms, I have called the Erio- dendron vegetation. The area covered by this formation may be taken to be about one fifth of the whole surface, the best wooded islands being St. Jan and Vieques, the least wooded ones St. Thomas and Virgin Gorda. : ; . The remainder of the surface is either used for pasture or cultivated with sugar-cane or provisions, the former on a large scale in St. Croix and Vieques only, the latter everywhere on the islands where the soil seems proper for the purpose. This last section I term ihe cultivated region. - Considering first the Croton vegetation, we find here a number of plants which in various ways have become enabled to resist the deteriorating effects of the dry climate, and to exist on the barren rocky soil always found where the moisture is not sufficient for decomposing the natural rock of the surface. Thus, some of these plants, as the whole of the genus Croton, already mentioned above, have small leaves, which, like the stem, are covered with scales and tomentose hair, containing besides aromatic oil, all which contrivances tend to diminish evaporation as much as possible. The most common species of this remarkable genus are C. flavus, astroites, bicolor, and betulinus. Other forms obtain the same object by having very small, partly deciduous leaves and their stipules transformed into prickles, especially the Acaciz, such as A. Farnesiana, macracantha, tortuosa, and sarmentosa. Others, again, are rick in milky juice, as Euphorbia petiolaris, Rawwoljia Lamarckii, and the naturalized Calotropis procera, or merely in aqueous sap, as the Cactez, the common- est forms of which are Melocactus comnvunis, Cereus floccosus, and several species of Opuntia. Others, such as Bromeliaces, on the contrary, have FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 9 a very dry structure, and. a dense cover of scales for protection, whilst others again, such as Anona squamosa, which are apparently without any means to resist the effects of dry weather, have no other remedy left than to shed their leaves during a part of the year, and thus preserve their existence at the temporary sacrifice of their vegetative organs. All the forms mentioned above are of very slow growth, and, with the exception of a few that are used for burning charcoal, of scarcely any importance either to man or animals, for whieh reason the districts oc- cupied by them as a rule present a very desolate and uninviting appear- ance. Where the climate becomes sufficiently moist, and the soil in conse- quence thereof more decomposed and fertile, the forest appears in place of the Croton vegetation, on the uncultivated lands, especially in ravines and on steep declivities, which do not allow of cultivation or grass- farming. As nearly everywhere in the tropics, the forest here is com- posed of many different species of trees mixed together, a gregarious growth being very rare. From the forests of moister tropical countries, however, the woods in these islands are distinguished by possessing a quantity of forms with thin, herbaceous leaves, which for this reason shed their foliage during a part of the year, thus combining the appear- ance of the woods of colder climates with the dark evergreen forms of the intertropical countries. Some of these species with deciduous ‘foliage have two periods for flowering: one precocious in the first months of the year, when the small quantity of rain seems insufficient to produce both leaves and flowers at a time, and another later in the year, when both foliage and blossoms are vigorously developed by the increased moisture of the summer. The evergreens for the same reason have a less fixed and more unlimited time for flowering, and seem to show their reproductive organs whenever the quantity of rain becomes sufficient for producing them besides maintaining the already existing foliage. Among the great variety of evergreen forms of trees and shrubs, I shall here only mention as the most common several species of Anona; of Guttifers, such as Calophyllum Calaba and Clusia rosea ; of Sapotace, such as Sideroxylon, Chrysophyllum, Lucuma, and Di- pholis; of Rutacex, as Zanthoxylum and Tobinia; of Lauracez, as Nec- tandra and Oreodoxylon, as well as many others, for the details of which I beg to refer to the systematical part of my treatise. Others are pos- sessed of aérial roots by which to affix themselves to the stems of trees and rocks, as several species of Ficus; others again are vines, such as Bignonia, Serjania, Gouania, and Cissus. . 10 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. Interspersed between. these evergreens are seen various species of arboreous plants with deciduous leaves, the number of which, however, seldom is large enough to seriously change the general aspect of the forest as being uniformly green all the year round. The time for shed- ding their foliage in these forms is generally from January to April, most of them, as stated before, flowering precociously at this time, as the moisture in the ground is not sufficient to allow them to retain their foliage together with the producing of the flowers. It appears evident that this is the reason for the shedding of the leaves, from the fact ob- served by me in several species (such as Piscidia Erythrina and others), that individuals which, from being too young or for some other reason, - do not flower, do not shed their foliage, but evidently find moisture enough in the soil to resist the drought, not having to spend their resources on the production of flowers and fruits, as others of their kind. - The most prominent among the trees and shrubs with a deciduous foliage are Spondias lutea, Schmidelia occidentalis, the enormous Erio- dendron anfractuosum, Hi ura crepitans, Casearia ramiflora, Sabinea florida, and several others, which all more than the evergreens contribute their share to the forming of a layer of leaf-mould under the taller forms. Yet this layer is but scanty in most places, and from the want of it, as well as from the dense shade produced by the evergreen trees and shrubs, the minor forms covering the ground are comparatively scarce, and chiefly confined to some Piperaces, Acanthacee, and Graminee, as well as a few ferns and mosses, among which Hemionitis palmata, Pteris pedata, and Asplenium pusillum are the most common. A somewhat richer variety is presented by the numerous epiphytes that cover the branches and stems of trees and shrubs, notwithstanding that the bark of the latter, from the uniform temperature, is, as a rule, exceedingly smooth, and but rarely covered with lichens or mosses. Of real parasites only a few are met with, especially Loranthus emarginatus, whilst the non-parasitical epiphytes are numerously represented by Bromeliacee (principally the genus Tillandsia), Aroidez (among them the large-leaved Philodendron giganteum), and Orchidaces (chiefly Epi- dendrums and Oncidiums), as well as some ferns. Of these latter families, several species are found only on the highest ridges of the islands, at an elevation of over 1300’, there forming a formation peculiar to these regions, comprising, among others, some terrestrial Orchids, such as Habenaria maculosa and alata, as well as some Aroidex, Bromeliacer,, and, ferns, among which the beautiful Cyathea arborea deserves special mention. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 11 The part of the island inhabited and cultivated by man of course rep- resents the least of interest in a phyto-geographical sense, as nature here has been modified and modelled according to the wishes and necessity of society to such an extent as to almost entirely obliterate its original character. As stated already, the principal object of cultivation is the sugar-cane, which, however, is cultivated ona large scale only in the two largest and most level of the islands, Vieques and St. Croix, the others, viz. St. Thomas, St. Jan, Tortola, and Virgin Gorda, having, with a few exceptions, long ago abandoned the cultivation of the cane as unremunerative, the two remaining of the larger islands, Culebra and Anegada, never having been appropriated to that purpose. Besides the cane, some Sorghum vulgare is also cultivated in fields for herbage, the rest of the tilled soil being used for the planting of the common tropical vegetables, generally in small quantities, on patches of soil selected here and there. The commonest of these plants are Yam (Dioscorea alata and altissima), Sweet Potato (Ipome@a Batatas), Okro (Abelmoschus esculentus), Tanier (Xanthosoma sagittefolium), Pigeon-pea (Cytisus Cajan), Tomato, and Pepper (Capsicum), as well as some Cucur- bitacex, as Pumpkin, Melon, and others. Along with these useful plants follow a great number of herbaceous annuals, mostly cosmopolitan weeds, introduced after the settlement of the islands, and dependent on the continuous cultivation of the land, as without the clearing of the soil from shrubs and trees their existence would soon be terminated by the stronger arboreous species, which would deprive them of the necessary light and air. Thus, much against his wish, man favours the propagation of innu- merable weeds, which in their short period of vegetation produce seeds enough to secure their continuance on the land notwithstanding the efforts to exterminate them by frequent weeding. Among the com- monest of these forms are some Labiate (Leonurus sibiricus, Leonotis nepetefolia, and Leucas martinicensis), Argemone mexicana, Tribulus max- imus, Boerhaavia erecta and paniculata, and especially many grasses and sedges, such as Panicum, Paspalum, Chloris, Digitaria, Cyperus, and others. The most troublesome of these, from an agricultural point of view, is the Bay-grass (Cynodon Dactylon), said to be introduced, but now found everywhere, and, on account of its long creeping rhizoma, inexterminable. Similar forms to these are seen growing along roads and ditches, espe- cially some Leguminose, as Crotalaria, Desmodium, Phaseolus, Clitoria, 12 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. Centrosema, Teramnus, Vigna, Rhynchosia, and others; grasses, as Lap- pago, Aristida, Sporobolus, Eleusine, Dactyloctenium, and Eragrostis ; or Synantheree, as Elephantopus, Distreptus, Bidens, and Pectis. Whilst all these latter forms flower during the greater part of the year, the beau- tiful Convolvulacex, such as Ipomea fastigiata, Nil, umbellata, dissecta, violacea, and others, are in blossom only during the winter months, from December to February. In some places that are moist enough, sedges and semi-aquatic plants will be seen growing; in a few rivulets which contain water all the year round, and which are limited to Vieques and St. Croix, a few aquatic forms occur, such as Echinodorus cordifolius, Lemna minor, Typha an- gustifolia, and Nymphea ampla. , The pastures, which occupy a considerable extent of the land, are either artificial—planted with Guinea-grass (Panicum maximum), a perennial plant, and, like most of the cultivated West India plants, in- troduced from the Old World,—or natural, covered with various forms of indigenous Gramines as well as low shrubs and trees, that have con- tinually to be cleared away to prevent the land becoming overrun by them. The artificial pastures as a rule are fenced in, and often protected against the dry season by the planting of Thibet-trees (Acacia Lebbek), now commonly naturalized everywhere; the natural ones, on the contrary, are generally open and abandoned to the cattle, whilst the artificial oues are cut regularly, and the stock is not allowed to enter them. The grasses composing the natural pastures are several species of Pa- nicum, Paspalum, Dactyloctenium, and Sporobolus; some, as Tricholana insularis, being very bitter and unfit for herbage. The roaming about of the cattle everywhere effectually prevents the re-establishment of trees or woods, which, for climatic reasons, would be desirable in many places; for the young buds are destroyed by sheep and goats, which no doubt have contributed largely to deteriorating even the still existing woods. Around dwellings are found planted and naturalized most of the plants now common to nearly all tropical countries,—some fruit-bearing, as Tamarindus indica, Mangifera indica, Carica Papaga, Persea gratissima, Crescentia Cujete, Melicocca bijuga ; others ornamental, as Poinciana regia, Calliandra saman, Casalpinia pulcherrima, and others Actual gardens are now very rare, flowers being mostly cultivated in pots or boxes. Some few vegetables of colder climates are cultivated in shady places where water is abundant, such as salad, radishes, cabbage, and others. . In waste places are found most of the tropical weeds, as Ricinus com- FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 13 munis, Datura Metel and Stramonium, Euphorbia pilulifera, heterophylla, and hypericifolia, Mirabilis jalapa, Jatropha cureas, Cassia occidentalis, and especially several kinds of Sida and Abutilon as well as some other Malvacez. . The four formations mentioned above are usually found only on the larger islands, the smaller ones, from their limited size, generally pos- sessing chiefly the littoral and shrubby only. The island of Anegada, although being one of the larger ones, yet from its structure and the nature of its soil, seems to be chiefly covered by a vegetation composed of the plants of the sandy shore, besides some of the trees and shrubs following the settlement of man in these regions. Sir R. Schomburgk, who has given a description of the island in the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, 1832, asserts that the island possesses several in- teresting species of plants, among others a peculiar kind of Croton. As, however, I have not been able to procure the work referred to above, I am not prepared to say which those species are, and they are not men- tioned by Prof. Grisebach in his Flora of the British West India Islands. Although, as stated above, the general character of the flora both in St. Croix and the Virgin Islands, considered as a whole, is essentially the same and distinctly West Indian, yet, in looking more closely into details, we are soon struck by finding a great many species in the one which are not found in the other. This is the more remarkable, as from a geographical and climatical point of view the physical condi- tions must be said to be materially identical. In referring to the list of plants given at the end of my treatise it will be seen that out of a number of 881 indigenous phanerogamous species no less than 215, or c. 4, are found in the Virgin Islands only, whilst 98, or about 4, occur only in St. Croix, thus leaving only 568, or less than 2, in common to both. As may be expected from the general character of littoral vegetation, there are very few species which are not found on both sides of the deep channel separating St. Croix from its northern neighbours, the principal exception being Baccharis dioica, which only occurs in St. Croix, and Egletes Domingensis, found by me only in the Virgin Islands. Some greater difference is found im the dry shrubby formation, whero several very common plants, such as Euphorbia petiolaris, Acacia sar. mentosa, Mamillaria nivosa, and others, are to be seen in the Virgin Isl- ands only, St. Croix having to itself a few less common species, such as Sccurinega acidothamnus and Castela crecta. 14 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. It is, however, in the forest vegetation, which best represents the original flora of the islands, that the greatest and most varied differ- ences are observed, showing especially the great variety of species in the Virgin Islands which are not all found in St. Croix, and among which are many of the commonest and most generally distributed forms. Belonging to St. Croix alone are comparatively few and rare species, chiefly some Rhamnacee, viz, Maytenus elwodendroides and Zizyphus reticulatus, Catesbea parviflora, Beloperone nemorosa, Petitia Domingensis, Busxus Vahlii, and Urera elata. All these forms occur only in a few localities, and are of no impcertance to the general character of vepeta- tion, as is the case on the Virgin Islands with many of the following species that are found on them, but not in St. Croix. It would be too much to mention all the different species here, for which I beg to refer to the appended list and tabular statement. I shall only enumerate a few of the most interesting, especially Malpighiacee (as Byrsonima lucida, Malpighia Cnida and angustifolia), Rutacese (Pilocarpus racemo- sus, Tobinia spinosa, Xanthorylum ochroxylum), Leguminose (Sabinea forida, Pictetia aristata, Sesbania sericea, and Acacia nudiflora), and Sapotacese (Sapota Sideroxylon). Among Monocotyledones are to be mentioned Arthrostylidium capillifolium, Rhynchospora pusilla, Dioscorea pilosiuscula, Catopsis nutans, and several Orchids. Several of these plants grow more or less gregariously, thus becoming characteristical to the formation. Among these are Malpighia Cnida, Reynosia latifolia, Acacia nudifiora, Sabinea florida, and several species of Pilea, most of them being very common, and even generally used for domestic pur- poses, , Besides these species, entirely wanting in St. Croix, the Virgin Islands possess several that are very common, or at least not uncommon on them, but which occur but very rarely in St. Croix, such as Thrinax argentea, Rondeletia pilosa, Faramea odoratissima, Miconia angustifolia, Mimosa Ceratonia, and others, and most of which I have not found my- self in the latter island, but only found labelled with St. Croix as habitat in the Copenhagen herbarium, so that an error in some cases at least may be not at all impossible. However great are the differences in the flora on the two groups of islands, yet this interesting fact is not due to their possessing endemic species, as all the plants known as growing on them are also found in other West India islands, especially Porto Rico, whence the vegetation of both the Virgin Islands and St. Croix seems to be derived. Thus it -FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 15 is mainly to different periods of immigration under varied physical conditions that we must ascribe the remarkable discrepancies in the flora of those apparently homogeneous islands. Some few species, it is true, are indeed given in my list as having been found only in the Vir- ‘ gin Islands, such as a few Cacter, Vernonia Thome, and the new species described by me on the present occasion. But as long as Porto Rico, Hayti, and even Cuba, are still insufficiently explored, it may very well remain doubtful whether those species do not also occur in one or sev- eral of them, just a8 several Cuban plants, described as endemical in that island by Prof. Grisebach, have been found by me to occur not at all unfrequently in the Virgin Islands and St. Croix, such as Arthrosty- lidium capillifolium, Reynosia latifolia, and R. mucronata. It may thus be confidently asserted that both the groups in question have derived their stock of plants from the neighbouring larger island of Porto Rico. The question that remains to be solved is merely why have they not all received the same species, and particularly why is it that St. Croix, although the largest of all, has received a comparatively and absolutely mach less number of species than for instance the far smaller St. Thomas? : For the explanation of these interesting facts we have no doubt to look to the geological history of the islands, as the conditions for immi- ‘gration over sea, even if possible to all the species, are essentially the same in both groups, and therefore give no solution of the problem in question. — I am thus led to think that at a former period all the West India islands have been connected mutually, and perhaps with a part of the American continent also, during which time the plants in common to all the islands, as well as to the West Indies and the continent, have expanded themselves over their present geographical areas, at least as far as they are not possessed of particular faculties for emigration over the sea. By a subsequent volcanic revolution, St. Croix, as well as many of the other islands, has thereafter been separated from Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, and put into its present isolated position, which it seems to have retained ever since, whilst the latter group of islands has either still for a long period remained in connection with Porto Rico, or, if separated at the same time from it as St. Croix, has, by another revolution, been again connected with the former. The plants now found in the Virgin Group, but not occurring in St. Croix, would thus have immigrated into the former from Porto Rico 16 -FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. after the separation of St. Croix from the latter, and immigration would finally have ceased by the separation between them, as it exists at the present period. Thus, the plants found in the Virgin Islands, but not in St. Croix, would seem to have been more recently created in the probable centre of vegetation, Porto Rico, or some other of the larger An- tilles; the endemic ones, as in the other islands also, being the youngest of all, not having been formed till after the complete separation between the islands had been effected. This latter suggestion, which perhaps seems contradictory to the general accepted theory of considering the endemic forms on oceanic isles as the remnants of the oldest original ' vegetation,* appears to be confirmed by the fact that even on such recent formations as the Bahamas, which have as yet been but imper- fectly explored, already no less than eighteen endemic species have been discovered.t The supposition that the islands may have been separated from the beginning, and have received their floras through immigration over the sea, is sufficiently confuted, partly by the great number of species com- mon to them all, which clearly indicates the connection in former times with a larger country, partly by the circumstance that most of the spe- cies common to the islands are in no way better adapted for migration over the water than those peculiar to the Virgin Islands only; in fact, but few of them apparently possess the faculty of crossing salt-water even for a limited distance. ; Supposing the theory of a prolonged or oftener repeated connection between Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands to be correct, it remains still to explain how St. Croix can have obtained a number of species which do not occur in the latter group. A few of these species, viz, Castela erecta, Maytenus eleodendroides, Zizyphus reticulatus, Anthacan- thus jamaicensis, and Buxus Vahlii, occur in St. Croix on the tertiary limestone only, and seem thus to have avoided the Virgin Islands as not finding there the substratum suited to their organisation. The greater part, however, might, for all apparent reasons, as well occur in the Virgin group as in St. Croix, and their absence in the former cannot be explained in this way. It must, however, be understood that whilst my investigation of St. Croix has been thorough, and carried on for several years, my exploration of the Virgin Islands has been so for only @ part of them, especially the Danish ones, my collections from the * Hooker: On Insular Floras. t Griseb.: Geogr. Verbr. der Pfl. Westindiens, p. 55. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 17 others being only imperfect. Without expeeting too much from this circumstance, yet I feel confident that not few of the St. Croix plants, apparently wanting in the Virgin group, may, by closer research, still be discovered growing there on some of them, whilst, on the other hand, I am equally confident that none, or scarcely any, of the Virgin Islands’ species wanting in St. Croix will be found in the latter island. It may furthermore be observed that scarcely any of the St. Croix species which I have given as being absent from the Virgin group are common or widely distributed over the island, and so are not possessed of any great faculty for conquering ground in the struggle for exist- ence, for which reason some of them may not have been able to gain , admission on the much smaller surface of the Virgin Islands, or, having obtained a footing, they may have lost it again by the later immigra- tion of other species, now peculiar to the group compared with St. Croix, _ many of which, as will be remembered, are gregarious, and gifted with great facility for expanding themselves. A very few species form an exception as to the limited distribution in St. Croix, Bacharis Vahlit, Cordia alba, and Zgiphila martinicensis, oc- eurring rather frequently in the island, but having as yet not been found at all in the Virgin group, although they occur in several others of the West India islands. I am not prepared to give a satisfactory explana- tion of this fact at the present moment; but such isolated exceptions will no doubt always be met with in the explanation of general phenomena, and most probably a more thorough investigation of vegetable biology will at a future day afford a satisfactory explanation of such appar- ently inconsistent facts. In drawing the necessary consequences of the above stated | theory for explaining the geographical distribution of vegetable species in St. Croix and the Virgin Islands, it would thus appear necessary to conclude, for instance, from the occurrence of Sabinea florida both in Porto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Dominica, but not in St. Croix, that the first-named islands were still all connected, when the latter had already been sep- arated from them and put into its present isolated position. A similar inference might be ‘drawn from the distribution of Malpighia Cnida, whilst the occurrence of Acacia nudiflora would seem to prove a simi- lar thing for Hayti, Porto Rico, and Antigua. It can, therefore, scarcely be presumed, as done by Prof. Grisebach in his Geogr. Verbreitung der Pfl. Westindiens, that the distribution of species is regulated chiefly by geographical distances. A closer in- vestigation of the flora of the various islands no doubt will confirm the Bull. Nat. Mus. No. 13-———2 18 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. theory drawn from the facts observed in regard to the mutual relation between St. Croix and the Virgin Islands, that geological revolutions have been equally or perhaps even more powerfully influential in arrang- ing the distribution of species than the greater or smaller distance, and the similarity of physical conditions. A full knowledge of these interesting facts can, however, not be ex- pected till a more thorough exploration of all the West India islands has taken place. Few of them are as yet tolerably well known, and it is therefore earnestly to be hoped that such an exploration of all the West Indies may soon be effected, the result of which will no doubt be of the highest importance both to botany and to all other branches of natural science. It generally requires the accumulated study and knowledge of gener- ations before the less palpable and more delicate, but often most impor- tant, facts in natural history can be explained: the West Indies have © been comparatively well studied since the middle of the last century; and it would seem well now to follow up the work in order to complete a thorough investigation, which might be used as a basis for the ex- planation of similar facts observed in other and less well known parts of the world. The flora of the Virgin Islands and St. Croix has been studied by -several botanists, some of whom have published the results of their re- search, which has, however, among the former group, been chictly con- fined to the Danish islands, the English and particularly the Spanish enes having as yet been only imperfectly explored. Publications on the flora of these islands are given by West in his Description of St. Croix (Copenhagen, 1793); Schlechtendal, Florula Ins. St. Thome, in Linnxa, 1828-31 and 1834; and Eggers, Flora of St. Croix, in the Vidensk. Medd. fra Naturhist. Forening (Copenhagen, 1876) besides minor contributions in Vahl’s Ecloge American, Symbole Bo- tanice, and Enumeratio Plantarum, Krebs in Naturh. Tidsskrift, 1847, on the flora of St. Thomas, De Candolle’s Prodromus, and Grisebach’s Flora of the British West India Islands. This latter work, no doubt from want of material, scarcely ever mentions the British Virgin Islands. Collections of plants from the islands in question are found chiefly in the Museum of the Botanical Garden in Copenhagen, as well as scat- tered in other European herbaria, collected principally by v. Rohr, West, Dr. Ryan, Ledru, Riedlé, L’Herminier in the past century, by Benzon, Wahlmann, Ehrenberg, Dr. Ravn, Dr. Hornbeck, Duchassaing, Schom- burgk, Plée, Wydler, Orsted, Krebs, and Eggers in the present. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 19 The following list of plants from St. Croix and the Virgin Islands formed on my own collections and the publications or collections of other botanists, comprises 1013* species of phanerogamous and vascular cryp- togamous plants, of which 881 are indigenous and 132 naturalized, those merely cultivated being added in brackets after each family. In determining the species I have, besides consulting the more im- portant general systematical works on botany, as much as possible fol- lowed Prof. Grisebach’s standard work ‘on the Flora of the British West India Islands, to which I therefore beg to refer when no other authority is given. Synonymes and references to other authors-are given only where it was thought desirable to supplement the Flora of Grisebach in this respect. To the specific names of plants I haye added only m such statements as are not given in Grisebach’s' work,—as local name, time for flowering, technical use, as well as descriptive remarks, where my own observation shows a difference from the description given in: the: flora mentioned above. In referring to Schlechtendal, ‘or the herbariam of the Copenhagen Museum, I have used the abbreviations Schl. and Hb. Havn.; in quoting West or Schlechtendal, their respective works on St. Oroix and St. Thomas, mentioned above, are understood to be referred to. | Special localities for habitats are given only where.a plant is rare, or at all events uncommon ; otherwise the island alone is mentioned. The expression, “All islands,” is meant to imply that the species is found both in St. Croix and. the Virgin group, without necessarily mean- ing to say that it occurs in every island of the latter. In summing up the statistical results from my list. of species, nearly the same conclusions with regard to the most numerous families are arrived at as those given in Prof. Grisebach’s Geogr. Verbr. der Pflanzen Westindiens, p. 73, for the Caribbean Istands. The proportion between Mono- and Dicotyledonous plants indigenous and naturalized is 1:5.8, in the indigenous ones alone 1:4.9, thus show- ing the plurality of the recently introduced plants to have been Dicoty- ledonous. The proportion mentioned in the plants indigenous to the islands is somewhat lower than stated by Grisebach, as cited above, to be the rule in the West Indies, where it is given as 1:4, indicating, no doubt, that the climate of St. Croix and the Virgin Islands is less moist than that of the West Indies in general. * De Candolle (Geogr. Bot. p. 1274) gives to-St. Thomas as the 1e probable number of Phanerogama only 450; but my list shows about 900. © 20 FLORA OF ar. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. Table showing the distribution of the Indigenous Species of Phanerogame and Cryptogomeas Vasculares in St. Croix and the Virgin Islands. = Cr 8 Fs Og : 3 ° ga A.—DICOTYLEDONES. eres Dilleniaces . . weer -Anonacers secccee sees eee oe Menispermaces..... eececcccccccccc ccc ccceesconccs eeccccececceee ccceleccceees Nympheaces®.......-.0.+ eee ener enn errr errr rr rrrnn Srtrrnnn Etienne Papaverace® .. econ ee. Cruciferse eccee cee oe Capparidacesrs . eoee o- -- weccescnces ec wenceccccccleccewoes Bixacex eececcencccce eee nec ccencccwccccns Violaces .... ewe ccceccccccce PETTITT eee ee o- eee ceces encceeee Polygalaces Caryophyllacess ere re eee Malvacess eo cwcccncee oe eee 21 31 Bombaces ... eee ccc ccc cwccccccccecnscccccercccccceese eee Biittneriaces wecccccee PPOePTTITTIrrrrrrrr errr rrr eeeceees . Tiliaces Peerrerrtr rier rs woes eee ee Ternstrémiaces ...... eeee eoee eee sleoe oe UU Guttiferes wen eccccccce oe see ae oe Canellaces... sees Srrrrrrrrrrtri iret rrr wwae[ececcces|scccenee Erythroxylaces sees wcccceee Pree Terr err rrre rrr rr ieee ree rere eee ree je eee cen wcccccce es eceeeee 10 .Malpighiaces Sapindacesw ..... enccececcce . eoccee eece eee Meliaces .... eeccce Ped eee eee eecee “Oxalidacem .. cores eoceee eeccccccclece os eer ee orrerrry ee eeccnce coece ewwccces ic * Zygophyllacess Rutace®.......... are cc cen nnc ccc cccecncscenncccnceccnccccccsccsscces Olacacess PPPerrrrer Tir Terri rier ree reer! ewe cccrccwcceccccnccccccccelscccccerleccccce Ampelides . weee ewccce Pe eee eee oe Celastraces . eeee - -- eee see oe Rhamnaces.... sees oe eee wee eeee Perrrrrrrrrer Terre rr err rrr reer irr trite rete rrr err Terebinthacess Leguminos® .....0..ce-sscsncecceceercecs de cceme ae cccccccccancscnecce 18 5 Chrysobalanacese seeeee oe secs a ecfeecccecn[sonnccee Myrtaces secee - oe oe ee Melastomacess . eee o- .- wecfecee eeee 10 Ben ren Perrier eevee Lythrariacess Onagracese tec e wee cc cree wc ene mere ccccsccnceecnccccccecn cece wens ces! seceetenlsccccese ’ Rhizophoracew .. eoee oe a Combretaces .. see we ee| ccm ce celeececcce Cucurbitaces . . eee eeeee Sennen rns Ce ere Papayaces Passifloracess tee cece nce cw en cece ccc cece cccces cence nccccncncccsene Turnerace®. .. eee coos Cactaceee . sees ecee efeee o- 12 Araliaces... sees oe eee sewecnes pe eeeees Umbelliferss ........2.-2--s2ce Race ccccac ec ccccescncccesccncccccnnce|sccoeces Loranthacess te emcee ee ences tence e cee n ce cannes cee wee cnennnscccce -. Rubiacess seeeee eee oe 22 Synantheres eeee cece seeeeee 13 82 49 Lobeliacess seseee eed eee eee eee Goodenoviaces ee eee er errr rer errr errr rer rrr reer errr rr rier rr ry ocleeccccee Myrsinacess SE ee eer eee eee eer errr rrr ry eeeececcenerccnccce enc wcelecccenee il 4 Sapotacess FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 21 Table showing the distribution of the Indigenous Species of Phanerogame and Cryptogame Vasculares in St. Croix and the Virgin Islands—Contiuued. 4 Res oa a8 a 3 ps Styracess eocee ee cee Ebenacess errs Oleace®.......- we ccccccene os cccccccccceccccccccccccccccccs Pees eee res peers APOCYDACED .....eeccceccenece eocccccee ee rrr rrerrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrn prrrrerry il Asclepiadaces .. oe o Convolvulaces.. eee cccccccce ecccccccces eoceee o 24 Hydroleaces.... oe woes woecese wececee Boraginace® ...... secccccccccs secccece ewcecccses ereccccccccccccee eee 17 24 Solanacess scccccccnce eee eocee ewccccce: 12 21 Scrophulariacess ec cccnccce emccccccccce ewccncccccccccens eecees ni Big eceee o- eee eens Acanthacem .. weccccccece eecccccccce 10 15 Gesneriace® ...... wuccccccccs cocwes ccccccnscccc cer eccccesencccccecccslocccccccles wonees Labiate....... esecee eoceccccccecccccccccccnce eecccccccccccccccccccce: 1 13 Verbenaces .. 13 Myoporacem@ .... ween oe Plumvbaginace@ ... eoeee Peers Phytolaccaces..... orccceecccvccccs Oe cacvccccccccccccccccccs coeccene: Chenopodiacese errr rrr rrrrrrry eeeces rns Penn peers Amarantace® ... ee cowece seecceee Nyctaginaces .. eeewccee eee o sececeee Polygonaces.... cece oe oe Lauracem ......... eocccccecce eocces erence - woes Thymeleaces ........... sewer ccccccccccccce we ecccee Cees seer Euphorbiaces .. cone 30 |W Urticacess eee o- 10 21 Aristolochiacess oe Begoniaces ...............- eecccccccce o Ce eens Seer re Piperaces ecw reece ccc cmc c ccc ccc cc ccccacccccccweccces Peewee nccccce: 12 B.—MONOCOTYLEDONES, Alismacem ........ tome cnwcccwccccccccrccnc scence cccccecccce wecccccces Oo Seen Hydrocharidacess weer cecccccccccccccccace cece os eee Potame® .........cccceccccccccccnccnces eee ee se ececee Aroides .... ence eocce Deca cc ces ceccccncccccces: Typhaces .. eee wewccee Ce nnn Sees nna Palms sec cccoce errr rrr rrr eeccecce eecceee- Commelynacess we wccccccne woe oe seeeceee Graminaces errr errr oe rrr 4 Cyperaces .... ee nas 15 13 Liliacess seecee ee ccccccee Prem ccc wnceccccncccncc ces ccsccee- Smilaces eseee ered Dioscoreaces ...... - eons on Bromeliaces sec c ences ecee oe Scitamines ... Pec ccccccccccccs cece Ww encccccccnccccce eres ery eee Orchidacess eemmeccccccccccces Pw renew cccwcncccccs cece cc cecenenscecscces 15 an C.—CRYPTOGAMZ VASCULARES. r Lycopodince® ...........se006 eeeeceeee cece ccccccenes o- CO es ees Filices On en nnn nr rs ag? 15 15 ir 215 881 Naturalized species .. eeee eee ee 17 109 132 Total.......... ee coos ee 115 221 677 1013 Digitized by Google ° FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS, WEST INDIES. I, PHANEROGAM AK. A. DICOTYLEDONES. DILLENIACEZ. L. Davilla rugosa, Poir. St. Thomas (Griseb. Fl. p. 3). . ANONACEZE. 2. Anona muricata, L. (v. Soursop, Susakka). Fl. Feb.-May. Leaves with a peculiar strong scent, used against fever and vermin. Fruit edible; pulp resembling curdled milk, acidu- lous. In forests and thickets, common.—All islands. 3. A. laurifolia, Dun. (v. Wild Soursop). Fl. Feb.-May. Resembling the former species in the foliage, but leaves of a quite different smell. Not uncommon in forests.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 4. A. palustris, L. (v. Monkey-apple, Bunya). Fl. May-June. Fruit not edible; used as bait for fishes. Common in marshy soil.—All ‘islands. 5. A. squamosa, L. (v. Sugar-apple). Fl. April-June. Foliage partly deciduous in March and April. Fruit edible, sweet, soft. Common in thickets.—AIl islands. 6. A. reticulata, L. (v. Custard-apple). Fl. April-May. Fruit edible. In woods, not uncommon; also planted near dwellings:—All islands.—The enlarged top of the connective in all species of Anona is siliceous. None of the species enumerated above contains narcotic principles, as is the case with A. Cherimolia, Mill, and others. 7. Guatteria Ouregou, Dun. St. Thomas (Griseb. Fl. p. 7). 8. Oxandra laurifolia, Rich. ( Uvaria excelsa, Vahl in Hb, Juss.). St. Croix (Caledonia Gut, West, p. 292). 24 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. MENISPERMACEZE. 9. Cocculus domingensis, DC. F]. June-Aug. Stem woody, as much as two inches in diameter. Inflorescences often 3 or 4 uniserial in the same axil. (See Delessert, Ieones, t. 96.) In forests, not common.—St. Thomas (near St. Peter, 1000’). 10. Cissampelos Pareira, L. (v. Velvet-leaf). a) Pareira and 3) microcarpa, DC. Fl. Nov.-March. In forests and thickets, common.—All islands. NYMPH ZEACEZ. 11. Nympheza ampla, DC. (v. Water-lily). 8) parviflora. Fl. April—July. In rivulets—St. Croix (Kingshill Gut); Vieques (Port Royal) * PAPAVERACEZ. 12. Argemone mexicana, L. (v. Thistle). FI. the whole year. A very common weed in dry places.—All islands. CRUCIFERZ. 13. Nasturtium officinale, R. Br. (v. Water-cress). Never seen flowering. Naturalized along rivulets—St Croix; St. Thomas. 14. Sinapis brassicata, L. (v. Wild Mustard). F]. Jan.June. Around dwellings and in waste places, not uncom- mon.—All islands. 15. Sinapis arvensis, L. Fl. cleistogamous in February. Regular flowers later in the year. Naturalized; rare.—St. Croix (near Anguilla). 16. Lepidium virginicum, L. Fl. the whole year. A common weed along roadsides and near dwell- ings.—All islands. 17. Cakile cequalis, L’Her. Fl. Feb.-July. Rather common on sandy shores.—All islands. [Cultivated species: Brassica oleracea, L. (v. Cabbage); Lepidium sati- oum, L. (v. Cress); and Raphanus sativus, L. (v. Radish).] CAPPARIDACEZ. 18. Cleome pentaphylla, L. (v. Massémbee). ' Fl. the whole year. Flowers often polygamous. Leaves used as spinach. A common weed near dwellings and in waste places.—All islands. FLORA OF 8T. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 25 19. C. pungens, W. (v. Wild Massfmbee). c) and #) Swartziana. - Fl. the whole year. Common along roads and ditches.—All islands. 20. C. viscosa, L. Fl. May—Dec. Naturalized here and there.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 21. Moringa pterygosperma, G. (v. Horse-radish-tree). Fil. the whole year. Root with a flavour of horse-radish. Naturalized and common near dwellings.—All islands. 22. Capparis amygdalina, Lam. Fl. March-June. Leaves on young radical shoots linear in this and the two following species. Not uncommon in thickets.—All islands. 23. C. jamaicensis, Jacq. (v. Black Willie). a) marginata and #) siliquosa. FL April-Aug. a) not uncommon; 4) less common along the shore and in thickets.—All islands. 24. C. cynophallophora, L. (v. Linguan-tree). a) and @) saligna. Fl. Feb.Aug.—Glands 2-4, uniserial in the axils, exuding nectar when young before the time of flowering, and are to be considered as reduced branches or inflorescences. 25. C. verrucosa, Jacq. Fl. April-May. A middle-sized tree. Not uncommon in forests on the Virgin Islands. 26. C. frondosa, Jacq. (v. Rat-bean). Fl. Feb.-May. Seeds very poisonous. Common in forests —AIl islands. . ; 27. Morisonia americana, L. a) and @) subpeltata, Gris. in litt. Fl. May-Oct. A considerable-sized tree. a) all islands; £) leaves subpeltate.—St. Croix (Spring Gut). BIXACEZ. 28. Bixa Orellana, L. (v. Roucon). Fl. June-July. The red pigment of the fruit was generally used by the Caribs for anointing the whole body (Du Tertre). Naturalized in forests.—St. Croix (Crequis, Wills Bay); St. Thomas (Crown). 29. Trilix crucis, Griseb. Fl. April-June. Stipules very variable. Petals always abortive in my specimens. A low tree or shrub. Uncommon in forests.—St. Croix (Wills Bay, Mt. Eagle); St. Thomas (Flag Hill); St. Jan (Cinnamon Bay). 26 FLORA OF 8T.-CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 30. Oasearia sylvestris, Sw. Fl. Jan._Feb. and May-July. Seed covered by a red arillus. Com- mon in forests and thickets.—AlIl islands. 31. C. parvifolia, W. a) and 8) microcarpa, Egg. Fl. March-July. Flowers odorous. Stamens alternately of equal length. Not uncommon in forests. A low tree.—a) Virgin Islands ; 6) fruit small, 2” diam., St. Croix. 32. C. ramiflora, Vahl. c). Fl. Jan-Feb. and July-Aug. Pedicel articulate below the middle. Arillus fibrous. Common in forests.—All islands. 33, Samyda glabrata, Sv. Fl. June. Rare, in thickets on highest hill-tops.—St. Thomas (Crown, 1400’). 34. S. serrulata, L. Fl. Feb.-May. Flowers odorous, precocious. Pedicels articulated at the middle. Leaves of young radical shoots linear. Common in thick- ets.—All islands. VIOLACEZ. 35. Ionidium strictum, Vent. Fl. all the year round. Flower matutine.. Rather uncommon in fis- sures of rocks in thickets.—St. Croix; Water Island. TAMARICACEZ. 36. Tamarix indica, Willd. (v. Cypress). . Fl. Sept.Oct. Naturalized in gardens.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. POLYGALACEX. 37. Polygala angustifolia, HB. Kth. Fl. Dec.-Feb. In the shade of dense thickets. Rare.—St. Thomas (Cowell’s Hill). 38. Securidaca Brownei, Gr. (9. scandens of West). Fi. Feb.April. Naturalized around Christiansted, v. Rohr.—St. Croix. 39. S. erecta, L. St. Thomas (DC. Prodr. i, 341; Gris. Fl, p. 30). 40. Krameria Ixina, L. . Fl. July. The three narrow petals, resembling abortive stamens, are bent forward and cover the anthers. The two lateral ones are fleshy, FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 27 and covered on the outer side with fleshy papille. Fruit 1-seeded by abortion. Gregarious along roadsides in dry localities, but uncom- mon. —St. Thomas (Bovoni). CARYOPHYLLACES. I; PARONYCHIACEE, 41. Drymaria cordata, W. ) diandra. Fl. May-June. In moist localities in the.shade. Rare.—St. Croix (Spring Garden). 42, Cypselea humifusa, Turp. Fl. July. Gregarious 4round a small fresh-water lagoon. Rare.— Water Island. . Il. MoLiuGinez. 43. Mollugo verticillata, L. FL Aug. Leaves often fleshy. On rocky shores. Rare.—Buck Isl: and, near St. Thomas.’ 44. M. nudicaulis, Lam. FL. Sept.Dec. Not uncommon in moist localities—St. Croix; Buck Island near St. Croix; St. Thomas. III. PorRTULACEE. 45, Talinum triangulare, W Fl. all the year round. Flower open till 11 A.M. Sepals of unequal size. The large one 1-ribbed, the smaller one 3-ribbed. Petals often yellow (as represented in Jacq. Stirp. Americ. t. 135). Rather uncom- mon. On rocks near the seashore.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 46. T. patens, W. Fl. all the year round. Flower open from 3 P. M. till sunset. Petals pale red or yellow (Bot. Mag. t. 1543). Root tuberous. Here and there in rocky situations.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 47. Portulaca oleracea, L. (v. Purslane). a) macrantha, 3) micrantha, Egg. Fl. the whole year. Flower open till 10 A.M. a) brownish, 5 petals,’ as many as 25 stamens, corolla 6” diam. ) green, 4 petals, 10-12 sta- mens, corolla 3” diam. Both varieties common along roadsides and in open spots.—All islands. 48. P. quadrifida, L. (Mant. 78). . Fl. all the year round. . Petals 4, yellow, 2’” long. Flower open from 11 A.M. till3 P.M. Leaves opposite, clasping together towards even- ing. A common weed in gardens and along roads.—All islands. 28 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 49. P. pilosa, L. . Fl. all the year round. Often nearly glabrous. Roots tuberous. Petals red or yellow, large. Corolla up to 16’ diam., open only till 9 a.m. Seeds dark brown. Leaves adpressing themselves downward to the stem towards evening. Not uncommon. Along ditches and in grass-fields—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 50. P. halimoides, L. Fl. June-Dec. Common along roadsides and among rocks.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 51. Sesuvium portulacastrum, L. (v. Bay-flower). ° Fl. all the year round. Sepals rosy inside. Common on sandy shores.—All islands. . 52. Trianthema monogynum, L. I'l. all the year round. Branches always originating in the axil of the smaller leaf. Stamens 7-17. Sepals and stamens rosy or white. Common on rocky shores.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. MALVACEZ. 53. Malvastrum spicatum, Gris. (v. Hollow-stock). Fl. all the year round. Flower expanding in the afternoon. Very variable. A common weed along roads and in fields.—All islands. 54. M. tricuspidatum, Asa Gray. Fl. all the year round. Common along roads and ditches.—All isl- ands. 55. Sida carpinifolia, L. c) and ?) brevicuspidata. Fl. Sept.March. Pedicel geniculate at the base, or as often not so. Petals imbricate dextrorsely or sinistrorsely. Both forms very common weeds everywhere in dry localities.—AlIl islands. 56. 8. glomerata, Cav. Fl. Aug.-Oct.—Buck Island near St. Thomas; Vieques. 57. 8. ciliaris, L. Fl. Sept.—March. Flower expanded till 10 A.M. Stipules always longer than the petioles. Leaves closely clasping the stem in the evening. Gregarious on roads and near ditches. Common.—All islands. -FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 29 58. Sida jamaicenasis, L. FI. Dec.-March. Flower expanded till9 A.M. Calyx shorter than ‘the corolla. In grass-fields and thickets. Often suffrutescent, 6’ high. Common.—All islands. 59. &. spinosa, L. a), @) angustifolia, Lam., and y) polycarpa, Egg. - Fl. Sept.-March. +) suffrutescent, 4/ high. Pedicel as long as the whole leaf. Pistils, ovaries, and carpids always 12. a) and f) common in grass-fields and pastures. y) near rivulets.—AlII islands. 60. S. rhombifolia, L. (v. Swart Marén). ) retusa. Fl. Dec.-March. Petals showing a purple blot at the base. Com- mon in waste places.—All islands. 61. S. tristis, Schlecht. (Linnza, iii, 271). St. Thomas (Schl.). 62. S. supina, L’Her. a) glabra and ?) pilosa, Egg. Fl. Nov.-March. Two very distinct forms: a) in shady, moist places; 8) in dry localities. Not uncommon in thickets and forests.—Allislands. 63. S. arguta, Cav. (not S. arguta, Sw., as stated in Griseb. Syst. Unters. p. 31) St. Croix (West, 297); St. Thomas (Schl.). 64. 8. nervosa, DC. a) and f) viscosa, Egg. Fl. Dec.-April. ) viscous and glandular pilose. Petals reddish; pistils red. Not uncommon along roads and ditches.—All islands. 65. S. acuminata, DC. c) macrophylla and @) microphylla. — St. Thomas (Schl.). ‘In locis siccis.” 66. 8S. cordifolia, L. 8) althzfolia, Sw. _ Fi. March. Here and there along roads.—St. Croix (West, 297); St. Jan (Bethania). 67. S. humilis, W. (7) Cav. St. Thomas (Schl.). “In locis umbrosis.” 68. Abutilon periplocifolium, G. Don. a) and #) albicans, carpids 3-ovulate. Fl. all the year round. Seeds dimorphous. The two seeds in the superior cell glabrous, the one in the inferior silky. a) not uncommon along roads. #) uncommon.—St. Croix (a and #4); St. Jan (8). 69. A. umbellatum, Sw. Fl. Dec.-March. Seeds cordate, brown. Not very common in open, dry localities.—AlIl islands. ’ 80 —s FLORA OF 8ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 70, A. indicum, G. Don (v. Mahoe). a) and /) asiaticum. Fl. all the year round. Flower expanded after 3 P.M. only. Both forms common along roads and on waste places.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 71. A. lignosum, Rich. (v. Marsh-mallow). Fl. Nov.-May. Flower expanded during the afternoon only. Seeds irregularly triangular, verrucose, grey.—St. Croix. 72, Bastardia viscosa, Kth. a). F1. all the year round. Flower expanded during the afternoon only. Common along roads and in dry localities.—AIl islands, 73. Malachra capitata, L. a) and £) alceifolia, Jacq. FL Dec.-March. Flower expanded only till2 P.M. Along ditches and in moist places. a) rather common; §) less common.—A1l islands. 74. M. urens, Poit. Fl. April. Petals yellow, puberulous externally. Seeds emooth, gla brous. Uncommon on waste places.—St. Thomas (western shore of the harbour). 75. Urena lobata,L. ca) americana. Fl, Nov.—June. Flower expanded till 10 A.M. In forests.—St. Croix (rare; Prosperity on the north coast); St. Thomas ; St. Jan (not un- common). 76. Pavonia spinifex, Cav. : Fl. Oct-Dec. Rather common in thickets and forests.—All islands. 77. P. racemosa, Sw. Fl. Oct. In marshy soil among Laguncularia and Conocarpus. —St. Croix (uncommon; Salt River). 78. Kosteletzkya pentasperma, Gr. Fl. Aug. Flower expanded till10. A.M. In marshy soil. Rare.—St. Thomas (Krumbay). 79. Abelmoschus esculentus. W. A. (v. Okro). Fl. all the year round. Fruit used immature as a vegetable, Culti- vated and naturalized near dwellings.—All islands, 80. Hibiscus clypeatus, L. St. Croix (West, p. 298). 81. H. vitifolius, L. : Fl. Dec.-March. Along roads and in thickets.—St. Croix (naturalized in the eastern part of the island), : FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 31 82. H. Sabdariffa, L. (v. Red Sorrel). Fi. Oct.-Nov. Leaves used asa vegetable. Calyx at length fleshy, used for lemonade. Cultivated and naturalized here and there.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 83. H. phosniceus, Jacq. Fl. Sept.-March. Rather common in thickets, especially near dwell- ings.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 84. H. brasiliensis, L. St. Croix (West, p. 298) 85. Gossypium barbadense, L. (v. Cotton-tree). @) and £). Fi. all the year round. Down stellate. Common in dry localities. Formerly cultivated.—AIl islands. 86. G. vitifolium, Lam. Naturalized in St. Thomas (Schl.), perhaps from having been cultivated in former times. 87. Paritium tiliaceum, A. Juss. (v. Mahoe). Fl. Oct.-March. Bark employed as rope. Along coasts, but rare.— St. Croix (West, p. 297); St. Thomas (Schl.); St. Jan (Fish Bay). 88. Thespesia populnea, Corr. (v. Otaheite Tree). . F1. all the year round. Very easily propagated by cuttings. A shady tree with very hard wood. Naturalized and cultivated everywhere, espe- cially in moist localities. All islands. : All Malvacez are protandrous. [Cultivated species: Althe rosea, L. (v. Hollyhock); Hibiscus rosa- sinensis, Li. (v. Chinese rose); and H. mutabilis, L. (v. Changeable Hibis- cus).] BOMBACEZ. 89. Adansonia digitata, L. (v. Guinea Tamarind). Fl. June-July. Leaves deciduous in March-April. The acid pulp of the fruit used for lemonade. Naturalized in wooded valleys.—St. Croix (Prosperity; Crequis); St. Thomas. 90. Eriodendron anfractuosum, DC. (v. Silk-cotton-tree). FL Feb.-April. Leaves deciduous March-April. Stem growing to immense size. Common in forests. All islands. 91. Myrodia turbinata, Sw. St. Croix (Spring Garden, West, p. 298). 82 FLORA OF 8ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISU:ANDS. 92. Helicteres jamaicenais, Jacq. | Fl. March-Aug. Spiral of carpids 24. Common in thickets.—All islands. . BUTTNERIACEZ. 93. Guazuma ulmifolia, Lam. (v. Jackass Calalu). Fl. April-June. Wood used for oars. Not uncommon in pastures.— St. Croix; St. Thomas. 94. Theobroma Cacao, L. (v. Cocoa-tree). Fl]. June. Naturalized in shady valleys.—St. Croix (Prosperity; Mount Stewart). 95. Ayenia pusilla, L. Fi. all the year round. Flowers often transformed into a hollow monstrosity by the larva of a wasp. Fruit muricate. In thickets, com- mon.—All islands. 96. Melochria pyramidata, L. Fl. all the year round. Common in pastures.—St. Croix. * 97. M. tomentosa, L. (v. Broom-wood). Fl. All the year round. Calyx tomentose, greyish white. Tomentum interspersed with glandulous hairs. Used for brooms. Common in dry thickets.—AIl islands. 98. M. nodiflora, Sw. Fl. Nov.-July. Common in pastures and along roads.—All islands. 99. Waltheria americana, L. (v. Marsh-mallow). Fl. Oct.-May. Common in pastures.—All islands. TILIACEZ. 100. Triumfetta Lappula, L. (v. Bur-bush), Fl. Nov.-April. Common in thickets.—A1I islands. 101. T. altheoides, Lam. (v. Mahoe). Fl. Dec.-March. In forests, uncommon.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 102. T. semitriloba, L. (v. Bur-bush). Fl. Oct.-March. In thickets and along roads, common.—All islands. 103. T. rhomboidea, Jacq. Fl. Dec.-April. Uncommon in thickets.—St. Croix (Spring-gut). 104. Corchorus acutangulus, Lam. Fl. June-Nov. The lowest serratures of the leaves in my specimens often show one or two long setaceous bristles, as stated in DC. Prodr. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 53 i, 505. Griseb. Fl. p. 97, does not mention them, as he does in C. olito- rvius, neither does the figure in Wight’s Icones, iii, t. 739, show them in this species. From observations made by me on C. acutangulus, as well as on C. hirtus, such bristles on the lower serratures of the leaves are otf no specific value in this genus, being a variable feature. In gardens and near dwellings, not uncommon.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 105. C. siliquosus, L. (v. Papa-lolo). Fi. Nov.—July. Leaves used as a vegetable (Calalu). Along roads and in pastures, common.—All islands. 106. C. hirtus, L. Fl. June-Sept. Two lowest serratures of the leaves sometimes shdw- ing one or two setaceous bristles. In gardens and along roads,. not uncommon.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 107. C. hirsutus, L. Fl. all the year round. Hairs of the stem scabrous. On sandy shores, common.—All islands. TERNSTROMIACEE. ° 108. Ternstrémia elliptica, Sw. Fl. Feb.-April. The two bracts at the base of the persistent calyx are to be considered as such (Swartz, Flora Ind. Occ. p. 961; DC. Prodr. i, p. 523; and Hook. & Benth. Genera Plant. i, p. 182), and not as sepals (Griseb. Fl. p. 103) on account of their being deciduous, but the sepals not. The number of ovules in my specimens are about twenty in each cell. (Hook.and Benth. 1. c. ascribe to the genus only two, rarely three to six, in each cell; Grisebach 1. c. only two to four. In the Catal. Plant. Cub. p. 36, Griseb. mentions, however, a variety of T. obovalis, Rich., with ten to thirteen ovules in each cell.) Sepals rosy, flowers fragrant In forests on high hills, rare.—St. Croix (Maroon Hill, 900’); St. Jan (Bordeaux Hill, 1200’). GUTTIFERZ. 109. Clusia rosea, L. (v. Chigger-apple). Fl. May-Sept. Aérial roots as much as 20/ long, supporting the young trees on rocks or other trees. In forests.—St. Croix (rare, Wills Bay); Virgin Islands (not uncommon). 110. C. alba, L. (v. Wild Mamey). St. Croix (West, p. 312). Probably a mistake for the first named species. Bull. Nat. Mus, No, 13-——3 34 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 111. Mammea americana, L. (v. Mamey). Fl. Feb. and later in Aug. Fruit generally one-seeded, eatable. Common in forests and planted along roads.—All islands. 112. Calophyllum Calaba, Jacq. (v. Santa Maria). ' FL. May-July. In forests along rivulets.—St. Croix (common in the northern part of the island); St. Thomas (rare). CANELLACEZE. 113. Canella alba, Murr. (v. White-bark). Fl. Jan.-April. Berry dark crimson. Leaves used in warm baths for rheumatism. On sandy shores and in forests.—All islands. ERYTHROXYLACEZ. 114. Erythroxylum ovatum, Cav. (v. Wild Cherry, Brisselet). Fi. April-Sept. Precocious. Branches, as a rule, transformed into brachyblasts. Common in thickets.—AlIl islands. (£. areolatum, West, p. 286, and FE. brevipes, Bertero in Schlecht. Flo- rula, are, no doubt, mistakes for the species mentioned above.) MALPIGHIACEZ. 115. Byrsonima spicata, Rich. FL July-Aug. In forests, rare.—St. Croix (Parasol Hill); St. Thomas (Signal Hill); St. Jan (Bordeaux). 116. B. lucida, Rich. ; Fl. Oct.—St. Thomas (DC. Prodr. i, 580); Vieques (Campo Asilo). 117. Bunchosia Swartziana, Gris. Fl. July. Pedicel uniglandular and bibracteolate at the joint. Very much attacked by insects. In thickets.—St. Croix (rare, Kingshill); St. Thomas (not uncommon); St. Jan. 118. Galphimia glauca, Cav. (Icon. v, p. 61) (G. gracilis, Bartl.). Fl. all the year round. Naturalized in gardens.—All islands. 119. Malpighia glabra, L. (v. Cherry). Fl. May-June. Fruit edible. Common in thickets.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 120. M. urens, L. a) and £) lanceolata. Fl. June-Oct. a) common in thickets.—All islands; 4) rare, St. Croix (Spring-gut). FLORA OF 8T. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 35 121. M. Cnida, Spreng. (Neue Entdeck. iii, 51). ; Fl. June-Sept. Along roads and in thickets, not uncommon.—St. Jan; Water Island; Vieques. 122. M. angustifolia, L. Fl. June-Oct. In thickets, not uncommon.—Water Island; Vieques. 123. Stigmaphylion periplocifolium, Juss. Fi, all the year round. Samare red. In thickets, common.—aAll islands. . 124. Heteropteris purpurea, Kth. FI. all the year round. Common in hedges and thickets.—All islands. 125. H. parvifolia, DC. (v. Bull Vis). Fl. all the year round. As common as the preceding species.—All islands. SAPINDACEZ. 126. Cardiospermum Halicacabum, L. (v. Balloon-vine). Fi. Sept.-March. Rather common in thickets and near dwellings.— St. Croix; St. Thomas. 127. C. microcarpum, Kth. e Fl. Jan.—March. In thickets, rare.—St. Croix (Spring-gut); St. Jan (Enigheit). . 128, Serjania lucida, Schum, (v. White Vis, Cabrite rotting). Fi. Dee.-June. Stem used as rope. Common in thickets.—Al! isl- ands.—(Paullinia curassavica, West, p. 281, is no doubt a mistake for this species.) 129, Cupania fulva, Mart. Fi. January. In forests, not uncommon.—Virgin Islands. 130. Sapindus inzequalis, DC. (v. Soap-seed). FL Dec.—Jan. Seeds used for ornaments. In forests along rivulets. Not uncommon.—St. Croix. 131. Schmidelia occidentalis, Sw. Fl. May-Sept. Not uncommon in forests, especially in St. Groix.— All islands, 132. Melicocca bijuga, L. (v. Keneppy tree). Fl. April-May. Leafless during flowering. Flowers fragrant. Fruit astringent, edible. Naturalized and now very common everywhere, 86 _—sw FLORA OF 8ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. ° often forming a secondary growth in cleared woodland. Introduced from the Spanish main.—All islands. 133. Dodoneza viscosa, L. Fl. April. On sandy seashores, rare. —St. Croix (Sandy Point). MELIACEZ. 134. Melia sempervirens, Sw. (v. Lilac, Hagbush). FI. all the year round. Common in forests and near dwellings.—All islands. 135. Trichilia hirta, L. Fl. June-July. Common in thickets.—All islands. (Guarea trichilioides, Jacq., said to occur in St. Croix (West, p. 281), seems to me rather doubtful.) 136. Swietenia Mahagoni, L. (v. Mahogany). Fl. April-June. In wooded valleys and along roads and dwellings. Not uncommon.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. GERANIACEZ. [Cultivated occur several species of Geranium, L’Her., and Pelargo- nium, L’Her.]} e BALSAMINACEZ. 137. Balsamina hortensis, Desp. (v. Lady-slippers). Fl. all the year round. Naturalized everywhere in gardens. Seeds often germinating in the capsule.—A1I islands. AURANTIACEZ. 138. Citrus medica, L. a) (v. Citron). 8) Limonum, Risso (v. Lime). Fl. April-May. a) naturalized, but rare,in gardens. 4) naturalized, common in gardens and near dwellings, also in forests.—All islands. 139. C. Aurantium, L. 2) (v. Orange). 8) Bigaradia, Duh. (v. Seville Orange). Fl. May-July. Both forms naturalized in gardens, especially 2). Common in St. Croix; rare in St. Thomas and St. Jan, where the species is said to have died out nearly, from disease.—(Mentioned also by Breutel, London Journal of Botany, ii.) 140. C. buxifolia, Padr. (v. Forbidden Fruit). Fl. July. Naturalized in a few places.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 141. C. decumana, L. (v. Shaddock). Fl. July-Aug. Fruit used for preserves. Naturalized in gardens.— St. Croix; St. Thomas. : ‘FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 37 142. Triphasia trifoliata, DC. (v. Sweet Lime). Fi. April-June. Naturalized in thickets and near dwellings. Com- mon in all the islands. [Cultivated species: Murraya exotica, L. (v. Cyprian), and Cookia punctata, Retz.] OXALIDACEZ. 143. Oxalis Martiana, Zucc. Fl. May-Aug. Naturalized in gardens on all the islands. 144. O.corniculata, L. £) microphylia, Poir. Fi. all the year round. Gregarious in fields.—St. Croix ( Annally) ; St. Thomas. ZYGOPHYLLACEZ. 145. Tribulus cistoides, L. Fl. all the year round. Along roads and in open spots, gregarious.— St. Croix (in the easternmost part of the island only). 146. T. maximus, L. (v. Centipee-root, Longlo). Fl. all the year round. Stamens alternately of equal length. The whole plant is used in baths against boils. A very common weed along roads and in waste places.—AlIl islands. 147. Guajacum officinale, L. (v. Lignum vit#, Pockenholt), Fl. March-April. Common in former times, but now nearly exter- minated. On the seashore and in forests, rare.—All islands. RUTACEZ. 148. Pilocarpus racemosus, Vabl. Fl. Feb.March. Leaves undivided, 3-foliate or impari-pinnate in the same specimen (as stated in Hook. & Benth. Genera, i, 299, and Fl. Brasil. fase. 65). Inflorescence terminal and axillary. A lowtree. In forests, rare.—St. Jan (Kingshill, 1000’); Vieques (Ravn in Hb. Havn.). (Specimen from Montserrat in Hb. Havn. also named P. laurifolius, Vahl.) 149. Tobinia punctata, Gr. Fl. Sept. Leaves often pinnate. Dots on the leaves pellucid. In thickets, not uncommon.—St. Croix. 150. T. spinosa, Desv. Fl. May-June. Leaflets prickly on the principal nerves on both sides, bearing 2 stipular prickles at the base. Carpids 3 (2-1) globose, with a short beak, black, verrucose, 3/” long. Seeds black, shining. Rare in forests.—St. Thomas (Flag Hill, 600’). 38 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 151. Fagara microphylla, Desf. (v. Ramgoat-bush) (F. tragodes, Jacq. in West). Fl. June-Dec. Dots of the leaves pellucid. The whole plant has a strong smell. Not uncommon in thickets.—St. Croix; Buck Island, near St. Croix. : 152. Zanthoxylum Clava-Herculis, L. (v. White Prickle). FL April-June. <Aculei corky, 6” long, greyish, with a narrow brown point. In forests, not uncommon.—All islands, 153. Z. flavum, Vahl (Naturh. Selsk. Skrift. vi, 132, 1810) (v. Yellow Sander). Not seen flowering. A fine timber-tree, used for furniture. Not un- common in forests in former times, but now nearly extinct.—St. Jan (Bordeaux Hills) (St. Croix? St. Thomas?) (Montserrat, Ryan in Hb. Havn.); Martinique (West in Hb. Havn.). 154. Z. Ochroxylum, DC. (v. Yellow Prickle) (Z. simplicifolium, Vahl in Hb. Havn.). ‘ Fl. June-Nov, Panicle 1” long; pedicels 3/” long, bracteole at the base deciduous. Calyx 5-partite, 3/’ diam. Petals 5, imbricate, white, #/” long, pellucid-dotted. Style thick, 4” high; stigmas trian- gular. Ovaries 3 on a short gynophore. Carpida 3 (1-2) globose, ver- rucose, partly dehiscent, 13/” diam. Seed shining-black. Stem armed with large corky aculei, often connected and forming long ridges down the stem. Wood yellow. The whole plant is possessed of the same strong smell as Fagara. Not uncommon in forests.—St. Thomas (Flag Hill 600’); St. Jan (Rogiers) (Montserrat, Ryan in Hb. Havn.; Marti- nique, South America, Hb. Havn.). (A branch without flowers, marked Z. macrophyllum, St. Croix, Ryan in Hb. Havn., seems to.belong to this species.) . 155. Quassia amara, L. fil. (v. Quassia). Fl. Nov.-Feb. Naturalized in gardens.—All islands. 156. Castela erecta, Turp. Fl. Feb._June. Petals purple. 2 with 8 rudimentary stamens, alter- nately of equal size. Carpids 2-3-4. In dry thickets along the south coast, not uncommon.—St. Croix. 157. Picreena excelsa, Lindl. (v. Bitter-ash). Not seen flowering. "Wood very bitter, used for stomachic properties in drinks.’ In forests, rare.—St. Croix; St. Jan. OLACACEZ. 158. Schepfia arborescenzg, R. S. : Fl. Feb.-March. Fruit nearly always 1-seeded by abortion. Here and there in forests.—St. Croix (Saltriver, Wills Bay); St. Thomas (Crown, 1400’). é ‘FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 39 AMPELIDEZ. 159. Cissus sicyoides, L. (v. Lambrali, Pinna koop). Fl. all the year round. Flowers purple or yellow. Aérial roots long, filiform. Common in forests.—All islands. 160. C. trifoliata, L. Fi. all the year round. On rocks and trees, not common.—St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 161. C. acida, L. ; Fl. June-Aug. In thickets near the coast, common.—All islands. 162. Vitis caribeea, DC. Fl. June. In dense forests, rare.—St. Croix (Caledonia Gut); St. Thomas (Crown). CELASTRACEZ. . 163. Maytenus elwodendroides, Gris. (Cat. Plant. Cub. p. 54). (Rhamnus poly- gamus, Vahl in Hb. Havn., and in West, p. 276.) Fl. Dec. Flower brownish, small. Calyx 5-partite, ?/ diam. Petals 5, oval, 1” long. Stamens 5, often all or part of them transformed into petals and more or less sterile. Stigma subsessile, 2-lobed. Ovary 2- locular, 2-ovulate. Dise brown, undulate, 4/" high. Seed black with a red arillus. Rare in dry thickets .—St. Croix (Fair Plain). 164. M. levigatus, Gris. in litt. (Rhamnus levigatus, Vahl in Symb. Bot. iii, 41; Ceanothus, DC.). Fl. May-Oct. Capsule tardily dehiscent, 1-3-seeded, 6’” long. Seeds brown, reticulate with red veins, 2’ diam. Arillus tough, white. A shrub or middle-sized tree. Not uncommon in forests.—All islands. 165. Bleodendron xylocarpum, DC. (v. Spoon-tree, Nut Muscat). Fl. Sept.-Dec. Stamens often transformed, as in Maytenus elaoden- droides. Drupe orange-coloured, 8” long. Common on rocky shores; more uncommon in St. Croix.—All islands. 166. Myginda pallens, Sw. Fl. Oct.-May. Common in thickets, principally in. marshy soiL—All islands. 167. M. latifolia, Sw. ' §t. Croix (Pflug, sec. Vahl Symb. Bot. ii, 32); St. Thomas (Schl.). 168. Scheefferia frutescens, Jacq. Fl. Sept.-Dec. Common in thickets.—All islands. 40 FLORA OF 8ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. RBHAMNACEZ. 169. Reynosia latifolia, Gris. (Cat. Pl. Cub. 34) (v. Guama). Emend. in Eggers, Videnskab. Medd. fra Naturhist. Forening, Copenhagen, 1878, cum icone,p. 173. Fl. June-July. Common in dry thickets.—Virgin Islands. 170. R. mucronata, Gris. (1. c.) (Eggers, 1. c). Not seen flowering. Rare in dry thickets near the coast.—St. Croix (easternmost part of the island, near Tague Bay). 171. Condalia ferrea, Gris. (v. Edden-wood). Fl. Sept.-Jan. Keel of the calyx-lobes foliaceous. Drupe oval, 24/” long. Not uncommon in thickets and forests —AII islands. 172. Colubrina ferruginosa, Brongn. Fl. Jan. and May-July. A low shrub. Common on sandy shores.— All islands. 173. C.reelinata, Brongn. (v. Snake-root, Mabee-bark). Fl. Nov.-March. Style 2-3-partite. Leaves used for the preparation of stomachic drinks. Not uncommon in thickets.—All islands. 174. Zizyphus reticulata, DC. (Prodr. ii,20) (Paliurus, Vahl, Ecl. Am. iii, 6). _ Fi. July. Dise brownish. Capsule 3-locular, one seed in each cell, 5” long, glabrous. Seeds purple; pulp reddish brown. In dry thickets, rare.—St. Croix (Fair Plain). ' 175. Gouania domingensis, L. (v. Soap-stick, Silvi). Fi. Oct.Jan. Stem used as rope. Common in thickets.—AIl islands. TEREBINTHACEX. 176. Bursera gummifera, L. (v. Turpentine-tree). Fl. April-Sept. Protandrous. Easily propagated by large cuttings, and generally used for forming fences. Common in forests and along roads.—All islands. 177. Hedwigia balsamifera, Sw. St. Croix (West in Hb. Havn. and p. 281 as Icica altissima). 178. Amyris sylvatica, Jacq. (v. Flamboyant). Fl. Feb.-April and July—Sept. Inflorescence trichotomous. Wood resinous and used for torches, especially in catching lobsters at night. Not uncommon in forests.—All islands. 179. Spondias lutea, L. (v. Hog-plum). Fl. March, coétanous, and later July. Leaves deciduous in Feb. Fruit oval, edible. Common in forests—AIl islands. FLORA OF 8T. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 41 180. S. purpurea, L. (v. Jamaica Plum). F]. Feb.—March, precocious. Naturalizedin gardens and wooded val- leys.—All islands. 181. Rhus antillana, Egg. (n.sp.). Sect. Sumach. Leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets 4—5-jugal, petiolulate, lanceolate, acuminate, obtuse at the base, entire, glabrous, chartaceous ; veins prominulous beneath. Cyme ramose; branchlets bracteolate, equalling the leaves. Flower pedicellate, small, green, 5-merous, mostly g, the rest hermaphrodite. Calyx and petals persistent in the fertile flower. Stamens erect, a little longer than the petals, inserted into a fleshy central disc; filaments villous at the base. Ovary inserted upon a short fleshy gynophore. Drupe globose, glabrous, 1-seeded by abor- tion. A low tree. Approaching R. metopium, L. Fi. Jan. In forests, rare.—St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1400’); St. Jan (Hb. Havn. as Xanthox- ylum). (St. Croix, Stony-ground ?) ‘ 182. Comocladia ilicifolia, Sw. (v. Prapra). Fl.March-May. Root containing a lasting red dye. Common on lime- stone.—All islands. 183. Mangifera indica, L. (v. Mango-tree). Fl. Feb.-April. Fruit edible. Introduced towards the close of last century, and now cultivated and naturalized everywhere.—All islands. 184. Anacardium occidentale, L. (v. Cashew, Cherry). Fl. Dec.—April. Pedicel becoming fleshy, and containing in abund- ance a slightly astringent juice. Seeds used as almonds. Common in . forests and along roads.—All islands. LEGUMINOSZ. 185. Crotalaria verrucosa, L. Fl. all the yearround. Naturalized along roads. Very common.—All islands. 186. C. retusa, L. Fl. all the year round. Common along roads and in waste places. Naturalized.— All islands. 187. C. latifolia, L. Fl. Nov. Leaves golden sericeous beneath. Corolla greenish. Not uncommon in thickets.—AII islands. 188. C.incana, L. (v. Rattle-bush). Fl. all the year round. Stipules deciduous, the scar exuding nectar afterwards, as well as the base of the bracteoles. Common along roads and near dwellings.—St. Croix; St. Thomas, 42 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 189. Indigofera tinctoria, L. Fl. April-Aug. Cultivated in former times, but now only found wild or naturalized. Common in dry localities.—All islands. 190. I. Anil, L. Fl. all the year round. The whole plant is much attacked by insects. Very common in dry thickets.—AIl islands. 191. Tephrosia cinerea, Pers. a) and /) litoralis, Pers. Fl. Feb.June. Both forms here and there in thickets.—AII islands. 192. Cracca caribeea, Benth. St. Croix (Schl.); St. Thomas (Gris. Fl. p. 183). 193. Coursetia arborea, Gris. St. Jan (Gris. Fl. p. 183). 194. Sabinea florida, DC. (v. Waterpanna). Fl. March—July. Precocious. Wood used for fishpots. Gregarious. Common in thickets and forests —Virgin Islands. (Cultivated in St. Croix.) 195. Pictetia squamata, DC. (Prodr. ii, 314) (v. Fustic). Fl. June. Flowering period only 5 or 6 days. Branches in this and the following species commonly transformed into brachyblasts. Com- mon in forests and thickets.—Virgin Islands. 196. P. aristata, DC. (L.c.) (v. Fustic). Fl. Feb., March, and June-Aug. Rather common in thickets.—Vir- gin Islands; St. Croix (Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. ii, 60).? (Both species are perhaps to be united, as proposed by Jacquin.) 197. Agati grandiflora, Desv. F1, all the year round. Naturalized in gardens, common.—All islands, 198. Sesbania sericea, DC. Fl. Nov. In thickets near the coast, uncommon.—St. Thomas (Flag Hill). 199. Aischynomene americana, L. FL Nov._Jan. In pastures and along roads, not uncommon.—St. Croix. 200. Zornia diphylla, Pers. Fl. July-Aug. In pastures on high hills, rare—St. Thomas (Signal Hill, Crown). 201. Lourea vespertilionis, Desv. Fl. Feb.-April. Naturalized in gardens.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 43 202. Alysicarpus vaginalis, DC. , _ FI Nov.-Dec. Leaves very variable. Along roads, common.—All islands. 203. Desmodium trifiorum, DC. ‘Fl. Dec.-Feb. Common near ditches and in moist localities.—All islands. 204. D. incanum, DC. Fl. Oct.-Jan. Common in pastures.—All islands. 205. D. scorpiurus, Desv. Fl. Dec.—Jan. In pastures, not very common.—St. Croix; St. Thomas (Duchass). 206. Desmodium tortuosum, DC. Fi. Oct.—Jan. Common in pastures.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 207. D. spirale, DC. F]. Nov.-Jan. Not uncommon in pastures and along roads.—All islands. 208. D. molle, DC. FI. Dec.-Jan. Lomentum often 3-4-jointed. Rather common in pas- tures.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 209. Stylosanthes procumbens, Sw. Fl. Oct.-Dec. Lomentum in my specimens always 2-jointed. Com- mon along roads.—All islands. 210. 8. viscosa, Sw. St. Croix (West, p. 301). (Perhaps a mistake for the former species.) 211. Arachis hypogea, L. (v. Pindars, Ground-nuts). Fl. May-Aug. Seeds used for making cakes or eaten roasted. Culti- vated and naturalized.—All islands. 212. Abrus precatorius, L. (v. Jumbee-bead, Scrubber, Wild Liquorice). Fl. Oct.-Feb. Leaves used for washing clothes. Common in thick- ets and on hedges.—All islands. 213. Rhynchosia minima, DC. «) and £) lutea, Egg. ’ FL all the year round. Seeds black, with small grey spots. a) Stand- ard veined with purple; alow climber. £8) Standard uniformly yellow; climbing up to 6’. Both forms common in pastures and thickets.—All islands. 44 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 214. R. phaseoloides, DC. Fl. March. Stem laterally compressed. Rarein forests.—St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1200’). 215. R. reticulata, DC. Fl. all the year round. Leaflets as long as 14’. Common on fences and along roads.—All islands. 216. Cajanus indicus, Spreng. (v. Pigeon-pea, Vendu bountje). Fl. all the year round. Seeds used as a common vegetable for soup. Cultivated and naturalized.—All islands. 217. Clitoria Ternatea, L. (v. Blue Vine). Fl. all the year round. Common in thickets.—All islands. 218. Centrosema virginianum, Benth. a) and 8) angustifolium. Fl. all the year round. Very common in ditches and on fences.—All islands. 219. Teramuus uncinatus, Sw., var. albiflorus, Egg. Fl. Sept.-March. Corolla 1} long, constantly white. Legume 1” long, black, pilose. Common in pastures and along roads.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 220. Galactia filiformis, Benth. Fl. Oct.-Jan. Roots often bearing small tubers. Common in thick- ets.—All islands. 221. G. tenuiflora, W. & A. Fl. Feb.June. In forests, rare. There seems not to be sufficient reason for uniting this species to the preceding, as done by Griseb. Fl. p. 194.—St. Thomas (Flag Hill); St. Jan (Rogiers). 7 222. Vigna luteola, Benth. (v. Wild Pea). FL all the year round. Common in moist localities.—AII islands. 228. Dolichos lablab, L. (D. benghalensis, Jacq.). Fl. all the year round. Seeds brown. Very common along the sea- shores.—All islands. 224. Phaseolus lunatus, L. (v. Bonny Vis). Fl. Dec.-Feb. Corolla white or rosy. Naturalized in thickets and near dwellings.—All islands, 225. Ph. vulgaris, L. (v. White Bean). Fl. Feb.July. Cultivated and naturalized near dwellings—All islands. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 45 226. Ph. alatus, L. St. Croix (West, p. 299). 227. Ph. semierectus, L. FI. all the year round. Flower expanded only in the sun. Common along roads and in pastures.—All islands. 228. Canavalia parviflora, Benth. (Flor. Bras. xv, i, 177). Fl. Feb. Inflorescence extra-axillary (as in C. bonariensis, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1199). Legume broad on the back, without prominent ridges, 3” long, 14’ broad. Seeds crimson, shining, }? long. In forests, rare.—St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1300’). 229. C. gladiata, DC. ) ensiformis, DC. (v. Sour-eyes, Overlook) (Dolichos acina- ciformis, Jacq. Icon. Rar. t. 559). Bot. Mag. 4027. Fl. Aug.—Dec. Naturalized in provision grounds.—St. Thomas (Signal Hill, 1200’). 230. C. obtusifolia, DC. (Dolichos rotundifolius, Vahl). Fl. all the year round. Common along the seashore.—All islands. 231. Mucuna pruriens, DC. (v. Cow-itch). Fl. Oct.-Nov. In shady valleys. Rare.—All islands. 232. Erythrina Corallodendron, L. (v. Flamboyant). FL Feb.—April. Precocious. Stamens all of unequal length. Rather common, especially alorfg roads and near dwellings.—All islands. 233. E. horrida, Egg. (n. sp.). Fl. Feb.-March. Very prickly. Approaching to the preceding, but stem, branches, petiole, and leaf-ribs on both sides armed with stout and straight prickles; legume terete, long-beaked. A low tree, branches procumbent. In forests, not uncommon.—All islands. 234. Piscidia Brythrina, L. (v. Dog-wood, Stink-tree). F). March-April. Precocious. Only those individuals that flower drop the leaves. Common in thickets.—All islands 235. Drepanocarpus lunatus, Mey. St. Croix (Isert, 1787, in Hb. Havn; West, p. 298). 7 236. Hecastophyllum Browneli, Pers. Fl. June-Dec. Not uncommon on sandy shores.—All islands. 237. Andira inermis, Sw. (v. Dog Almond, Bastard Mahogany, Hon Kloot). _Fl. May-Aug. and Dec. Not uncommon in forests and along rivu- lets.—All islands. . ° 46 FLORA OF 8ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 238. Sophora tomentosa, L. Fl. July-Jan. Along sandy shores, rare.—St. Croix (White’s Bay, Turner's Hole). 239. Myrospermum frutescens, Jacq. Fl. May-June. Legume resinous. Naturalized near dwellings.—St. Croix. 240. Hematoxylon campechianum, L. (v. Logwood). Fl. Feb.-May. The young plants prickly on the stem. Here and there on sandy shores. More common in former times.—All islands. 241. Parkinsonia aculeata, L. (v. Horse-bean). FI. all the year round. Common in dry localities. —All islands. 242. Guilandina Bonduc, L. (v.,Yellow Nickars). ba Fl. May-Oct. Common along sandy shores.—All islands. 243. G. melanosperma, Egg. (n. sp.) (v. Black Nickars). Fl. June-Oct. Resembling the preceding, but leaflets smaller, gla- brous, shining, prickles red and seeds shining-black. Seeds used for ornaments. In dry thickets near theshore, rare-—St. Croix (Sandy Point, Grape-tree Bay). 244. G. Bonducella, L. (v. Grey Nickars). Fl. all the year round. Anthers successively dehiscent. Flowers polygamous. Very common along sandy shores,—All islands. ° 245. Ceesalpinia pulcherrima, Sw. (v. Dudeldu). Fl. June-Dec. Bracteoles large, subulate, but deciduous before the expansion of the flower. Commonly naturalized along roads and near dwellings.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 246. Poinciana regia, Boj. (Bot. Mag. 2884) (v. Flamboyant). Fl. May-July. Bracteoles as in the preceding. Leaves deciduous Dec.-April. A handsome tree of very quick growth. MNaturalized in gardens and near dwellings.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 247. Lebidibia coriaria, Schl. (v. Dividivi). Fl. April-May. Legume used for tanning purposes. Rather common on dry hills.—Virgin Islands (St. Croix, cultivated). 248. Cassia Fistula, L. Fl. Sept. ‘Naturalized here and there in shady valleys.—St. Croix (The William). 249. C. grandis, L. (v. Liquorice-tree). Fl. April-July. The pulp containing rhaphides in abundance. Nat- uralized and cultivated near dwellings.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 47 250. C. bacillaris, L. Fl. Nov.-May. Common in thickets and woods on high hills.—St. Thomas. 251. C. bicapsularis, L. (v. Stiverbush, Styver bla). Fl. all the year round. Very common in waste places.—All islands. * 252. C. florida, Vahl. Fl. Dec. Naturalized near towns.—St. Thomas. 253. C. biflora, L. ) angustisiliqua, Lam. Fl. Nov.-May. In thickets, rare.—St. Croix (Longford). 254. C. alata, L.(v. Golden Candlestick, Fleiti). Fl. May-Nov. Along rivulets, not uncommon.—Virgin Islands (nat- uralized in St. Croix). 255. C. oocidentalis, L. (v. Stinking-weed). Fl. all the year round. Root used against fever. A very common weed near dwellings and in waste places.—All islands. - 256. C. obtusifolia, L. Fl. June-Nov. Common in dry localities. —St. Croix; St. Thomas. (0. triflora, Vahl (Eclog. Am. iii, p. 11) (West, St. Croix), is a doubt- fal species. I have not been able to find the original specimen of Vahl in Hb. Havn.) 257. C. glandulosa, L. a) stricta, Schl., and #) ramosa. Fil. all the year round. Both forms common in pastures and along roads.—All islands. 258. C. nicticans, L. Fl. all the year round. In the same localities as the preceding.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 259. Tamarindus indioa, L. (v. Tamarind-tree). Fl. March—June. Naturalized everywhere, especially near dvwell- ings.—All islands. 260. Hymenza Courbaril, L. (v. Locust-tree). Fl. Jan. and July-Aug. Bracts large, early deciduous. The wood is an excellent timber on account of its being very hard and close-grained. In forests, here and there.—All islands. 261. Bauhinia tomentosa, L. Fil. May-June. Leaves partly deciduous in March, Naturalized in gardens and near dwellings.—St. Croix; St. Thomas, 48 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 262. B. ungula, Jacq. St. Thomas (Gris. Fl. 214). 263. Adenantbera pavonina, L. (v. Coquelicot). Fl. July-Oct. Naturalized near dwellings and in shady valleys.— All islands. 264. Neptunia pubescens, Benth. Fl. Aug. Legume containing as many as 9 seeds. Rare.—Buck Island, near St. Thomas. 265. Desmanthus virgatus, W. a) and £) strictus, Bert. Fl. all the year round. Both forms common in pastures and along roads,—All islands. 266. D. depressus, Kth. St. Thomas (Schl.). 267. Mimosa pudica, L. a) (v. Gritchee). Fl. all the year round. In pastures and along roads.—St. Croix (very rare, Mt. Stewart); Virgin Islands (common). 268. M. asperata, L. St. Thomas (Gris. F1. 219). 269. M. Ceratonia, L. (v. Black Amaret, Amaretsteckel). Fl. June-Dec. On high hills.—St. Croix (West, p. 312; his specimens are found in Hb. Havn.); Virgin Islands (common). 270. Leuczena glauca, Benth. (v. Wild Tamarind). F. all the year round. Leaflets closing together in strong sunlight. Seeds used for fancy work, such as collars, baskets, etc. Very common everywhere, also as secondary growth on cleared woodlands.— All islands. 271. ‘Acacia Catechu, W. Fl. May-July. Stem furnished with strong black aculei. Naturalized in shady valleys.—St. Croix (Crequis). 272. A. nudiflora, W. (v. Amaret). Fl. May and Nov.-Dec. Protandrous. Young foliage reddish. Woed used for fencing. A low tree. Common in thickets and woods, —Virgin Islands. 273. A. sarmentosa, Desv. (v. Catch-and-keep, White Police). Fl. July-Sept. Stem generally angular or even winged. A very spiny climbing shrub, the recurved spines of which often make thickets impene- ' trable. Common on dry hills.—Virgin Islands. FLORA OF 8ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 49 274. A. macracantha, HB. £) glabrens (v. Stink Cashé). ; Fl. Dec.-April. A shrub or low tree. Wood exhaling a very dis- agreeable odour. Common in thickets on dry hills.—All islands. 275. A. tortuosa, W. (v. Cashé). Fl. allthe yearround. Flowers fragrant. Bracteoles rhomboid, ciliate. Often gregarious. Common on dry hills.—All islands. 276. A. Farnesiana, W. (v. Cashé). Fl. all the yearround. Flowers fragrant; bracteoles spathulate, ciliate. Foliage of this and the two former species eaten by goats, and their wood generally used for making charcoal. Common in dry localities—All islands. 277. A. arabica, W. Fl. Nov.Jan. Naturalized near dwellings.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 278. A. Lebbek, W. (v. Thibet-tree). Fl. April-Sept. Leaves deciduous Nov.-March. Flowers fragrant. Foliage eaten by cattle. The tree is often overgrown by Loranthus emar- ginatus. Naturalized in pastures and elsewhere.—St. Croix (very com- mon); Virgin Islands (common, except St. Jan, where the tree seems not to thrive). (A. frondosa, W., var. eglandulosa, St. Thomas, is mentioned by Schlechtendal as spontaneous, but, being an East Indian species, is most probably only cultivated or at most naturalized. I have not seen the species in the island.) 279. Calliandra portoricensis, Benth. Fl. Feb. Climbing by the aid of young branches that twine themselves. around the branches of: other trees. In forests, rare.—St. Jan (King’s Hill); Vieques. 280. C. purpurea, Benth. (v. Soldier-wood, West). St. Croix (Gris. Fl. p. 224, probably on the authority of West. This. author, however, says, p. 312, that the tree is only cultivated in the isl- and. His specimens are in existence in Hb. Havn. I have not seen the + tree on the island). 281. C. Saman, Gris. (v. Giant Thibet-tree). Fl. May-Aug. A very large tree of quick growth. Naturalized near dwellings and planted along roads.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 282. Pithecolobium unguis-cati, Benth. a) and () forfex, Kth. (v. Crab-prickle). Fl. Sept.Jan. Gynophore 1’ long. Seeds black, shining; arillus rosy. Wood used for fishpots. Both forms common on limestone and in marshy soil.—All islands. Bull. Nat. Mus. No. 13-———4 50 FLORA OF 8ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 283. Inga laurina, W. (v. Lady-finger-tree). Fl. July—Sept. and Jan.-March. Petiole bearing a narrow wing on each side. Corolla greenish. (Jacquin’s drawing does not show any wing on the petiole. In the letterpress, however, of his Stirp. Am., he expresses a doubt whether the petiole is winged or not.) Wood used for fences, etc. Common in forests.—All islands. [Cultivated species: Pisum sativum, L. (v. Green Pea); Dolichos apherro- spermus, DC. (v. Black-eye Pea); D. sesquipedalis, L.; Poinciana Gilliesit, _ Hook.; anda Casparea.]} CHRYSOBALANACEZ. 284. Chrysobalanus Icaco, L. (v. Cocoa-plum, Cacos). ; Fl.Dec.-Feb.and July-Aug. Fruit black or white; used for preserves. On sandy shores or in forests on high hills. Common.—All islands. ROSACEZ. [Many varieties of Rosa gallica, L., and R. centifolia, L., are cultivated in gardens on all the islands, and are flowering abundantly all the year round. In the time of West (c. 1790), roses were rare, and flowered but seldom, so that we here seem to have an instance of gradual acclimati- sation. ] MYRTACEZ. 285. Calyptranthes Thomasiana, Berg (Linn#a, xxvii, 26). © ’ St. Thomas (Ventenat and Ravn in Hb. Havn.). . 286. C. Chytraculia, Sw. () ovalis, Berg, and ¢) Zyzygium, Berg (1. c. p. 28). In forests, rare.—St. Thomas; St. Croix. 287. C. pallens, Gris. Fl. July-Aug. Branchlets quadrangular. In forests, rare.—St. Croix (Kingshill Gut); St. Thomas (Crown). 288. Myrcia coriacea, DC. y) Imrayana, Gris. Fi. June-July. In forests on high hills, uncommon.—A1l islands. 289. Jambosa malaccensis, DC. FL April-May. Naturalized in shady valleys; rare.—St. Croix (Cre- . quis). ' 290. J. vulgaris, DC. (v. Pomerose-tree). Fl. March—June. Fruit used for preserves. Naturalized along rivu- lets and in forests, common.—All islands. 291. Bugenia buxifolia, W. FL June-Sept. Petioles reddish. Gregarious, especially along the. seashore.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 5r 292. B. Poiretii, DC. St. Thomas (Gris. F1. 236). 293. B. monticola, DC. . ; Fl. July-Sept. Leaves variable, distichous. Flowers ‘strongly fra- grant. When not flowering, the shrub emits a fetid smell. Rather common in forests.—All islands. 294. 3B. axillaris, Poir. Fl. Aug.—Oct. Leaves variable. Petiole reddish. In thickets; rare.—St.. Croix (Lebanon Hill, Fair Plain). . 295. EB. laterifiora, W. (E. cordata, DC. Prodr. iii, 272, and probably E. sessiliflora, ib. 273). Fl. Sept.-Nov. Leaves very variable, ovate, cuneate, or oblong. Flowers sessile or subsessile, crowded in the axils. Berry globose, purple, 2’ diam. Common in thickets and forests.—All islands. 296. B. sessilifiore, Vahl (Symb. Bot. iii, 64). Fl. July-Oct. Fruit large, rosy, }//-1/ diam. Flowers sessile, large, white, 5/” diam. In thickets, not uncommon.—St. Croix; St. Thomas (Cowell’s Hill). (Both DC. and Gris. seem to confound these two very distinct species, the flowers and fruits of which are highly different in most respects. DC. Prodr. iii, 273, says of his FE. sessiliflora: Fructus dimidio minor quam L. lateriflore, yet immediately above he says of this latter species: Fructus et sem. ignoti. Vahl’s description ‘is very correct, also, of the fruit, of which he says: Pruni magnitudine, globosus.) 297. B. flavovirens, Berg a. C.). _ St. Jan (Ravn in Hb. Havn.). 298. B. glabrata, DC. (Prodr. iii, 274). St. Croix (Berg). 299. B. pallens, DC. (EZ. nitida, Vahl in Hb. Havn.) (v. Cromberry). Fl. Sept.—Nov. Leaves shining. In forests, uncommon.—All islands. 300. B. acetosans, Poir. (DC. Prodr. 1. c. 283). St. Jan (in forests, Berg in Linnea, xxx, 662); St. Croix (Mount Eagle, Richard). 301. 5B. virguitosa, DC. . FL April-July. Leaves variable, Common along the seashore and in forests.—All islands. 52 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 302. B. procera, Poir. (v. Black Cherry, Rock-myrtle) (Myrtus cerasina, Vahl in West, p. 290). Fl. Feb. and Aug.-Nov. Flowers fragrant; fruit edible; a favourite food for wild pigeons. Ia forests, common.—aAll islands. 303. BE. pseudopsidium, Jacq. (E. Thoemasiane, Berg) (v. Bastard Guava, Christmas Cherry). FL April-Dec. Flowers fragrant; frait oval. A shrub or low tree. In forests, not uncommon.—All islands. 304. H. ligustrina, W. FL April and Sept. In thickets and woods, common.—All islands. 305. B. portoricensis, DC. (Prod. iii, 266) (Stenocalyz, Berg). St. Croix (ex Hb. Vahlii in Hb. Berol.). 306. B. uniflora, L. (v. Surinam Cherry). Fl. March-Aug. Fruit edible, acidulous. A middle-sized tree. Nat- uralized and planted in gardens.—St. Croix ; St. Thomas. 307. B. floribunda, West (v. Guava-berry). FL. June-Aug. Berry black, globose, shining, 4/” diam., aromatic ; used for preserves or put inrum. In forests, not uncommon.—All isl- ands. . (E. marginata and E. micrantha, West, p. 290, are not mentioned in Vahl’s Symb. Bot. pars iii, as stated, and are probably included in some of the species enumerated above.) 308. Anamomis punoctata, Gris. Fl. June. In forests, rare—St. Croix (Maroon Hill, Wills Bay); St. Jan (Cinnamon Bay). 309. Pimenta vulgaris, W. & A. (v. Cinnamon-bush). Fl. June-July. In forests,rare. An excellent timber tree.—St. Croix (Maroon Hill); Virgin Islands. 310. P. acris, W. & A. (v. Bay-leaf). a). FL July-Aug. From the leaves the well-known bay-rum is distilled. In forests near the coast, not common.—St. Croix ; Vieques. 311. Psidium Guava, Radd.(v. Guava). a). Fl. all the year round. Fruit edible; also used for preserves. Very common, overrunning pastures and becoming troublesome in many places.—All islands. 312. P. cordatum, Sims. (v. Sperry Guava). Fl. May—July. Fruit fragrant. In thickets on hills, not uncommon.— Virgin Islands. , FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 53 313. Punica granatum, L. (v. Pomegranate). ; Fl. April-Oct. Flowers crimson or yellow Fruit the same. Natur- alized in valleys and near dwellings.— All islands. 314. Mouriria domingensis, Walp. (Petaloma, Mouriri, Sw.). St. Croix (Baudonius Gut, West, p. 285, and specimens in Hb. Havn. )e _ [Cultivated species: Myrtus communis, L. (v. Myrtle),and Couroupita guianensis, Aubl. (v. Nutmeg).] MELASTOMACEZ. 315. Clidemia hirta, Don. St. Thomas (Riedlé sec. Naudin, Ann. des sc. nat. 1853, xviii, p. 532). 316. C. spicata, DC. Fl. June-July. In forests, not uncommon.—All islands. 317. C. rubra, Mart. St. Thomas (Gris. Fl. p. 248; Finlay sec. Naudin, 1. c.). 318. Diplochita serrulata, DC. . Fl. Feb.-May. Not uncommon in wooded valleys.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 319. Tetrazygia eleeagnoides, DC. FI. April-Aug. Common in forests and on high hills.—All islands. 320. Miconia argyrophylla, DC. St. Thomas (Finlay sec. Naudin, Gris. Fl. p. 256). . 321. M. impetiolaris, Don. ; Leaves as long as 14/.—St. Croix (West in Hb. Havn.); St. Thomas (Gris. Fl. p. 256; Bonpland sec. Naudin. Montserrat (Ryan in Hb. Havn.). . 322. M. prasina, DC. , St. Thomas (Riedlé sec. Naudin). 323. M. levigata, DC. , Fl. March-July. In forests, not uncommon.—All islands. _ 324. M. angustifolia, Gris. Fl. March. A good-sized shrub, often gregarious on limestone.—St. Croix (Benzon in Hb. Havn.); Virgin Islands (not uncommon. Mont- serrat (Ryan in Hb. Havn.). [Several of the species mentioned by Nandin as having been collected in St. Thomas I omit as being a rather doubtful habitat. These are: Tshudya berbiceana, Gris. (Miconia, Naud.); OCremanium amygdalinum, Gris. (Ossea, DC.), and Nepsera aquatica, Naud.] 54 -FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. LYTHRARIEZ. 325. Ammania latifolia, L. Fl. Dec.—June. Here and there in moist localities.-St. Croix (Lower Cove, Anna’s Hope); St. Thomas (Flag Hill). 326, Antherylium Robrii, Vahl (Symb. Bot. iii, 66) (v. Prickle-wood), Fl. Oct.-March. Precocious. Petiole bibracteate above the middle. In marshy soil near the coast.—St. Croix (rare; Fair Plain, Stony’ Ground); Virgin Islands (common). [Cultivated species: Lawsonia inermis, L. (v. Mignonette), and Lager: stromia indica, L. (v. Queen of Flowers).] ONAGRACEZE. 327. Jussieua suffruticosa, L. a) ligustrifolia, Kth. . Fl. all the year round. Here and there in moist places.—St. Croix (Crequis, Golden Rock); St. Thomas (Caret Bay). BHIZOPHORACE ZX. 328. Rhizophora Mangle, L. (v. Mangrove, Mangelboom). Fl. all the year round. Gregarious along the shore of lagoons.—All islands. (See Botaniska Notiser, 1877, Lund, and Vidensk. Medd. fra Naturhist. Forening in Copenhagen, 1877-78.) COMBRETACE. 329. Terminalia Catappa, L. (v. Almond-tree). Fl. Jan.—April and Sept. Naturalized in valleys and near dwellings. — St. Croix (common); Virgin Islands (rare). : 330. Laguncularia racemosa, G. (v. White Mangrove). F1. all the. year round. Wood used for fishpots. | Common in salt- water lagoons.—All islands. 331. Bucida Buceras, L. (v. Gregery). Fl. May-Aug. A splendid timber tree. Leaves often attacked by a fungus (Erinewm, vide Kunze mycol. Hefte, ii, 148). Flowers often trans- formed into long monstrosities (figured already in P. Browne’s Jamaica, | tab. 23). Common in valleys and especially along the coast.—All isl- ands. 332. Conocarpus erecta, L. (v. Button-wood). a) and @) procumbens, Jacq. ‘Fl. all the year round. Common along the coast and i in lagoons.— All islands. ‘ [Cultivated species: Quisqualis indica, L.] bo 7 ms FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 5B ‘ CUCURBITACEZ. (Griseb. Flora, and Naudin: Annales des sc. nat. 1859, ’62, ’63, and ’66.) 333. Momordica Charantia, L. a) and #) pseudobalsamina (v. Maid-apple). Fl. Dec. and April-Ang. Common on fences and near ditches.—All islands. 334. Luffa cylindrica, Roem. (Syn. Mon. ii, 63) (ZL. Petola, Ser. Wight Icon. ii, t. 499) (v. Strainer-vine). ¥1. Oct.-Dec. Tendril 5-fid. Fruit brown, 4” long. Naturalized on ‘fences.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 335. Cuourbita Pepo, L. a) (v. Pumpkin) and #) Melopepo (v. Squash). Fl. May.Nov. and Feb. ‘Fruit used extensively as a vegetable. Naturalized and cultivated.—AIl islands. 336. Lagenaria vulgaris, Ser. a) (v. Gobie) and £) viscosa, Egg. (v. Bitter Gobie). FI. Sept.—Jan. The whole plant has a strong smell. Tendril 2-fid. f) leaves viscous, petiole biglandular near the top. Used as a blister. Not uncommon in waste places. a) on fences. Fruit used for goblets.— St. Croix; St. Thomas. °337. Melothria pervaga, Gris. Fl. Dec.-April. In thickets, not uncommon.—All islands. 338. Cucumis Anguria, L. (v. Cucumber). ‘Fl. Jan.-March. Anthers glabrous in the bud, pilose after dehiscence, collecting. the pollen. Berry used for soup and pickles. Common in pastures and on fences.—All islands. . 339. Cephalandra indica, Naud. (1. c. 1866, p. 14) (Coovinia, W. & A.). Fl. Dec.June. Naturalized near dwellings and in shady valleys.— St. Croix. ; . 340. Trianosperma gracilifiorum, Gris. (7. Belangerii, Naud.). : Fl. Nov.-Jan. Leaf 3-5-lobed. Tendril often bifid. In forests, not uncommon.—aAll islands. -841. T. ficifolium, Mart. (Syst. nat. med. veg: Bras. 79) (Bryonia, Lam. ). Fl. March. In forests, not uncommon.—St. Thomas. (Soldier Bay); St. Jan (West, p. 301). .342. Anguria trilobata, L. St. Croix (Ham’s Bluff, West, p. 305). e 343. A. glomerata, Egg. (n. sp.). 7 ; . . . Fl. Feb.—March and May-Aug. Root tuberous. Stem snffruticose, bark greyish. Leaves alternate, ovate-triangulate or 3-lobed, some- » 56 FLORA OF 8ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. times 3-partite, narrowly cordate at the base, denticulate, acuminate, scabrous above, whitish pubescent beneath. Tendril simple. ¢ flowers glomerate, sessile or subsessile, 8-20 in the glomerule. Calyx urceolate- cylindrical, small... Petals 5, orange-coloured or red, lanceolate, erect, 5/”’ ‘long. Style bifid; stigmas thick, globose, obsoletely 2-lobed. Ovary 2- lecular; ovules 3-8 in each cell. Berries densely glomerate, sessile or subsessile, oval, glabrous, striate, red, 8’” long. Seeds 3-8, urceolate- globose, verrucose, brownish, 2’ long. ¢ unknown. A high climber. ‘Stem often 1” diam. at the base, succulent. In forests, not uncom- mon.—St. Croix (Ji acob’s Peak, Claremont,) ; ; St. Thomas (Picaru Penin- . sula). All Cucurbitacex are protogynous. [Cultivated species: Sechium edule, Sw. (v. Choco); Cucumis sativus, L. (v. Mutton-cucumber) ; C. Melo, L. (v. Muskmelon), and Citrullus vul- garis, Schrader (v. Watermelon).] PAPAYACEZ. 344. Carica Papaya, L. .(w. Papaw). Fl. March-Aug. Stem often branched. Fruit used as a vegetable. Common near dwellings and in waste places. All islands. PASSIFLORACEZ. 345. Passifiora suberosa, L. (v. Pop, Indigo-berry). Fl. Sept._Dec. Common on rocks and fences.—All islands. 346. P. pallida, L. Fl. Oct-Dec. In forests, rare.—St. Croix (Wills Bay); St. Jan. 347. P. hirsuta, L. (P. parviflora, Sw.). St. Croix (West, p. 30. 348. P. peltata, Cav. St. Thomas (Schl.). 349. P. rubra, L. Fi. Sept.-Feb. In forests and on rocks.—St. Croix (rare); Virgin Isl- ands (common). 350. P. laurifolia, L. (v. Bell-apple). Fl. all the year round. Leaf-margin glanduliferous, Berry fragrant, containing an edible pulp. In thickets on high hills (perhaps only nat- uralized) and cultivated—ANl islands. 351. P. incarnata, L. St. Croix (West, p. 304). -FLORA OF 8ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 57 352. P. fotida, L. (v. Love in the mist). FL Sept—Jan. Protandrous. On fences and'near ditches, common.— St. Creix; St. Thomas, _ [Cultivated species: P. quadrangularis, L. (v. Grenadilla), the berry of which is edible.] TURNERACEZ. 853. Turnera ulmifolia, L. Fl. March-Oct. In waste places, common.—All islands, 354. T. parviflora, Benth. Fl. Sept.-Dec. and Jan.—May. Leaves always eglandular; calyx not tomentose. Gregarious on rocky seashores, rare.—St. Thomas (Cowell’s Hill); Buck Island, near St. Thomas. CACTACEZ. e 355. Mamillaria nivosa, Link (Pfeiffer Enum. Cact. 1837, p. 11) (&M. tortolensis, Hort. Berol.). Fl. all the year round. Flower pale yellow; berry clavate, purple. Seeds brownish. On rocks near the seashore.—Buck Island and Flat Cays, near St. Thomas; Tortola (Pf.). 356. Melocactus communis, DC. (v. Pope’s Head). Fl. all the year round. Berry clavate, purple, # long. Seeds black, ‘verrucose. Up to four feet high. On ary hills and rocks, especially near the shore.—All islands. : 357. M. atrosanguineus, Hort. Berol. St. Thomas (Pf. 1. c. p. 44). 358. Cereus floccosus, Hort.’ Berol. (v. Dildo). Fl. Oct.-July. Berry depressed globose, dark crimson, 14” diam. Pulp red; seeds small, black. On dry hills in thickets, common.—All islands. 359. C. armatus, Otto. St. Thomas (Pf. 1. ¢. p. 81). 360. c. triangularis, Haw. (v. Chigger-apple). FL July. Berry large, crimson, edible, 5” long, oval. On trees and rocks in forests, not uncommon.—All islands. . 361. C. grandiflorus, Haw. (v. Nightblooming Cereus). Fl. May-July. Naturalized in gardens and near dwcllings.—St. Croix; 3 St. Thomas. b8 FLORA OF 87. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 362. Opuntia curassavica, Mill. (v. Suckers). Fl. all the year round. Berry purple, 2” long, clavate. Gregarious in dry localities, which are often rendered impenetrable by its presence. — “Very common.—All islands. 363. O. Tuna, Mill. (v. Prickly Pear). Fl. all the year round. Berry ovate, crimson, edible. Seeds small, black. Used for fencing Purposes. In dry localities, very common.— All islands. 364. O. horrida, Salm. (v. Bull-suckers). Fl. all the year round. Flower reddish-yellow. In dry localitiés, com- ‘mon.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 365. O. spinosissima, Mill. Fl. all the year round. Spines white, 5-8 in each cluster, deciduous onthe stem. Flower 3” diameter. Plant reaching 20/-25'ltigh. In ary thickets, common.—All islands. 366. O. tuberoulata, Haw. (v. French Prickly Pear). FL the whole year. Flower small, yellow. Branches used for poul- tices. Plant 10/-15’ high. Naturalized and planted near dwellings.— St. Croix; St. Thomas. 367. O. coccinellifera, Mill. FL all the year round. Plant 15/-20 high. On limestone, uncom- mon.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 368. O. catocantha, Hort. Berol. St. Thomas (Pf. 1. c. p. 166). 369. Peireskia aculeata, Mill. (v. Surinam Gooseberry), : _ FL July. Fruit acidulous, edible. Naturalized and cultivated —St. Croix; St. Thomas. 370. P. Bleo, HB. K. FI. all the year round. Sepals accrescent on the fruit. Naturalized and cultivated in gardens.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. [Cultivated species: Cereus peruvianus, Tabem.; 0. monoclones, DO; C. repandus, Haw., and C. Phyllanthus, DC.] -CRASSULACEZX. 371. Bryophyllum calycinum, Salisb. (v. Wonderful Leaf). _ Fl. Jan—March.—Naturalized in dry localities, common, gregarious.— ‘All islands. . . FLORA OF 8T CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 59 ARABDIACEZ. 372. Panax speciosum, Willd. (Spec. Plant. iv, p. 1126). Not seen flowering. Leaflets 8, of unequal size, the central ones lar- gest. Margin slightly undulate and denticulate. Upper surface covered with distant and deciduous muricate hairs; tomentum on the lower sur- face deciduous. A low tree. In forests, very rare. St. Jan (King’s ~ Hill, 1000’, on the northern slope of the hills). (Cuba, Porto Rico, Ca- racas.) . UMBELLIFERE. | 373. Hryngium fostidum, L. ' FL Sept.May. - Biennial. Along rivulets and in moist places, rare. —St. Thomas (Caret Bay). 374. Anethum graveolens, L. (v. Dill). Fl. March-Oct. -Naturalized along roads and near avwellings. —All islands. , [Cultivated species: Petroselinum sativum, Hoffin. (v. Parsley); Daucus Carota, L. (v. Carrot); Pimpinella Anisum, L. (v. Anise); Faeniculum vul- gare, Gertn. (v. Fennel); Anthriscus cerefolium, L. (v. Chervil), and Apium graveolens, L. (v. Celery).] , LORANTHACEZ. 375. Loranthus emarginatus, Sw. (v. Baas-fram-boom). - FI. all the year round. Inflorescences uniserial. On trees, especially Acacia Lebbek and Pisonia subcordata. Common.—All islands. 376. Phoradendron flavens, Gris. - Fl. April-June. Seed compressed, green, with white bands. On Pi- sonia suboordata, rare.—St. Croix (Stony Ground). CAPRIFOLIACEE. "cultivated occur: Sambucus nigra, L. (FI. April-July), and Lonicera Caprifolium, L. (v. Honey-suckle).] BUBIACEX. 377. Genipa americana, L. FL July. In forests on high hills, rare-—St. Thomas (Crown); St. Jan (Rogiers). 378. Catesbera parviflora, Sw. , _ EL Sept. ~Dec. Fruit black, shining. In dry thickets, uncommon.— St. Croix (Fair Plain). 60 FLORA OF 8T. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 379. Randia aculeata, L. a) and ) mitis. Fl. April—July. a) in dry thickets, £) in shady valleys. Common.— All islands. 380. Hamelia patens, Jacq. Fl. all the year round. 6-15’ high. In shady valleys, not uncom; mon.—All islands, 381. H. lutea, Rohr. Fl. all the year round. In forests, uncommon.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 382. Gonzalea spicata, DC. Fl. May-Oct. In pastures on high hills, above 1000, not uncommon.— Virgin Islands. 383. Bxostemma caribeeum, R. 8.(v. Black Torch). FL. June-Dec. Common in thickets.—All islands. 384. Portlandia grandifiora, L. Fl. June-Dec.—St. Thomas (DC. Prodr. iv, p. 405; Gris. Fl. p. 324); St. Croix (cultivated). 385. Rondeletia pilosa, Sw. Fl. all the year round. In thickets.—St. Croix (rare, near Cane Bay); Virgin Islands (common). 386. Oldenlandia corymbosa, L. . Fl. Feb.-March. Seeds brown, minutely verrucose. In waste places, rare.—St. Croix (Government House yard). 387. O. callitrichioides, Gris. (Pl. Wright. p. 506). Fl. Dec. Flower expanded early in the morning and late in the after- noon. Gregarious among stones.—St. Croix (Government House). 388. Spigelia anthelmia, L..(v. Worm-weed). Fl. all the year round. In open, moist localities, uncommon.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 389. Guettarda scabra, Lam. Fl. June-Dec. Flower expanded towards evening. Drupe dark crim- son, often 1-seeded by abortion. In woods, common.—All islands. 390. G. parvifolia, Sw. Fl. July-Oct. In woods, not uncommon.—All islands, 391. Stenostomum lucidum, G. FI. Dec. ~April. In forests, rare.—St. Croix; St. Thomas (Signal Hill). FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLAXDS. 61 392, Chione glabra, DC. Not seen flowering. In forests, rare—St. Oroix (Fair Plain); St. Thomas (Soldier Bay). 393. Scolesanthus versicolor, Vahl. Fl. Oct.-Dec. Pedicels often transformed into spines, as mentioned by DC. (Prodr. iv, 484). Leaves 2’-3/" long.—St. Croix (West and Ryan in Hb. Havn.); St. Thomas (rather common in thickets); Water Island. 394. Brithalis fruticosa, L. c) and 7) odorifera, Jacq. Fi. Oct.-March. Along the coast, not uncommon.—aAll islands. 395. Chiococoa racemosa, Jacq. Fl, March-Dec. In forests, common.—All islands. 396. Ixora ferrea, Benth. Fl. Feb.-May and Nov.-Dec. Among rocks on high hills over 1200’, not uncommon.—St. Thomas (Crown). 397. Coffea arabica, L. (v. Coffee-tree). Fl. May—July.. Berry ripe Nov.-Dec. Naturalized in shady localities. Formerly cultivated on most estates on a small scale, principally in St. Jan.—All islands. 398. Faramea odoratissima, DC. (v. Wild Coffee). FL. June. In thickets on high hills.—St. Croix (West and Benzon in Hb. Havn.); Virgin Islands (not uncommon). 399. Psychotria glabrata, Sw. ; Fl, June-Sept. Here and there in shady valleys.—All islands. 400. P. tenuifolia, Sw. Fl. May. In thickets on high hills, rare.—St. Thomas (Crown, 1500’). 401. P. Brownei, Sprg. Fi. June-Sept. In woods, common.—aAll islands. 402. P. horizontalis, Sw. Fl. May-Dec. Along roads and in thickets, common.—All islands. 403. Palicourea Pavetta, DC. a) and £) var. rosea, Egg. FL Feb. and Aug. ) corolla-lobes rosy, anthers bluish, and stem brownish. In forests, not uncommon.—) all islands. a) St. Thomas (Signal Hill). 404. Morinda citrifolia, L. (v. Pain-killer). Fl. June-Aug. Leaves used against headache. Naturalized in gar- dens.—St. Croix; St. Thomas. 62 FLORA OF. 8T..CROIK AND THB VIRGIN ISLANDS: 405. Geophila reniformis, Cham. & Schl. : . Fl. Dec.—Jan. and. Aug. On the ground it dense woods, rare-—St. Thomas (Signal Hill, St. Peter); Vieques (Hb. Havn.). 406. Brnodea litoralis, Sw. FL Dec-May. Along sandy coasts, not uncommon.—All islands, 407. Diodia rigida,Cham. & Schl. (Linnea, iii, 341). St. Thomas (Sehl.). 408. D. sarmentosa, Sw. St. Thomas (Schl.). 409. Spermacoce tenuior, Lam. (v. Iron-grass). a) and 3) angustifolia, Egg. Fl. all the year round. §) leaves linear-lanceolate. In pastures and along roads. Both forms common.—All islands. . - 410. Borreria verticillata, Mey. Fl. May-Oct. Suffruticose. In pastures on hills—St. Croix (Hb. Havn.); St. Thomas (not uncommon on Crown). 411. B. stricta, Mey. (Primit. Fl. Essequib. p. 83). Fl. Dec.—March. In pastures, here and there.—St. Croix (Parade Ground). (B. vaginata, Ch. & Schl. (St. Thomas, Schl.), is a doubtful species (DC. Prod. iv, 551).) , 412. B. parviflora, Mey. Fl. March-June. Along roads and in forests.—St. Croix (Benzon in Hb. Havn.); St. Jan (Rustenberg, not uncommon). [Cultivated species: Ixora Bandhuca, Roxb. (v. Burning Love), and I. stricta, Roxb.] SYNANTHERBE Z. 413. Sparganophorus Vaillantii, G. Fl. March-Sept. In moist localities, not uncommon.—St. Croix; St.. Thomas (DC. Prod. v, 12). 414. Vernonia arborescens, Sw. a) Swartsiana, 3) Lessingiana, y) divaricata, Sw. - Fl. May—Dec. In thickets, all three forms not uncommon.—All islands, 415. V. punctata, Sw. ° Fl. all the year round. In thickets, common.—All islands. 416. V. Thome, Benth. (Vid. Medd. fra Nat. For. 1852, p. 66). F1. all the year round. In thickets, not uncommon.—St. Thomas. FLORA OF &T. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 63 417. Hlephantopus mollis, Kth. : Fl. March~May. Head 4-flowered. In pastares, here and ‘there— All islands. 418. Distreptus sploatus, Cass. Fl. Jan.-March. In pastures and along roads, common.—All islands. 419. Ageratum conyzoides, L. Fi. Dec.—June. Achenium usually 4-gonous. Along roads and ditches, common.—All islands. 420. Hebeclinium macrophyllum, DC. Fl. June-Sept. Achenium black, 3-gonous. In forests—St. Croix (rare; Caledonia, Wills Bay); St. Thomas (not uncommon). 421. Eupatorium odoratum, L. (v. Christmas-bush). FL Nov.-March. Along roads and in thickets, common.—All islands. ° 422. B. repandum, W. Fi. Dec.—July. On hills, not common.—All islands. 423. EB. atriplicifolium, Vahl (Symb. Bot. iii, 96). FL Dec.-May. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous; glandular impressions numerous on the upper surface. Flower odorous. On sandy shores, common.—All islands. i 424. B. canescens, Vabl. : ‘ FL Oct.-Nov. In thickets, uncommon. St. Croix (Spring-gut); St.. Thomas (DC. Prod. v, 155). 425. B. Ayapana, Vent. St. Croix (naturalized sec. Vahl, who received it from Pflug; probably only cultivated). 426. BE. cuneifolium, Willd. St. Thomas (DC. Prod. v, 177). 427. Mikania gonoclada, DC. Fl. Dec.-March. In forests. —St. Croix (rare; Caledonia) ; Virgin Islands (not uncommon). e 428. Erigeron ouneifolius, DC. (Prod. v, 288). Fl. Dec.—July.—Rhizome perennial, for which reason this species must: be considered sufficiently distinct from the annual EF. Jamaicensis, Sw. The two species are united into one by Prof. Grisebach in his Fl. p. 365. In pastures on high hills, not uncommon above 1200’.—Virgin Islands. 429. H. spathulatus, Vahl. Fi. April-July. Along roads and ditches, rather common.—All islands. 64 FLORA OF ST. CROIX AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS. 430. B. canadensis, L. .Fl, June-Nov. Ray-flowers often ligulate. Along roads, common.— All islands. 431. Baccharis Vahlif, DC. (Prod. v, 411) (B. dioica, Vahl). Fi. all the year round. As much as 30 high. On rocky seashores, gregarious, not uncommon. (The specific name of DC. is to be pre- ferred to that of Vahl, notwithstanding the priority of the latter, for the reasons stated in the Prodromus.)—St. Croix (northwestern coast). 432. Pluchea odorata, Cass. (v. Sweet Scent, Ovra bla). Fl. Feb.—April. Leaves used as tea against colds and as diuretic medicine. In moist localities, not uncommon.—aAll islands. 433. P. purpurascens, DC. Fi. all the year round. Along rivulets, not uncommon.—St, Croix (Gallows Bay, Kingshill Gut). 434. Pterocaulon virgatum, DC. Fl. all the yeat round. On dry hills, common.—A1l islands. 435. Melampodium divaricatum, DC. (Prod. v, 520) (Mf. paludosum, Kth.). Fl. Oct.-Feb. Along ditches, gregarious, rare.—St. Croix (Jolly Hill). 436. Ogiera ruderalis, Gris. Virgin Islands (Gris. F1. p. 369). 437. Acanthospermum humile, DC. Fl. all the year round. Leaves not glandular beneath. A common weed along roads.—St. Thomas. 438. Xanthium macrocarpum, DC. (Prodr. v, 523) (X. orientale, L.). Fl. Oct.-Feb. A common weed, naturalized around dwellings.—All islands. 439. Parthenium Hysterophorug, L. (v. Mule-weed, White-head-broom). Fl. allthe yearround. A very common weed everywhere.—All islands. 440. Ambrosia artemisizfolia, L. 3) trinitensis. Fl. Sept.-Oct. Naturalized in waste places.—St. Croix (Fredrikssted). 441. Zinnia multiflora, L. (v. Snake-flower). Fl. Feb.-Aug. Along roads, not uncommon.—Virgin Islands. 442. Z. elegans, Jacq. Fl. May-Oct. Naturalized in gardens.—All islands. 443. Eclipta alba, Hassk. Fl. June-Feb. In moist localities, not uncommon.—All islands. 130 Reynosia latifolia... ........20.scccseoceseees mucronata . RHAMNACEZ.... Rhizophora Mangle .......- RHIZOPHORACEZ’. ...........-20ceeceeee Rhynchosingninima . seerecensncnscwecccenes Intd reticulata. eee cece ecw ence eewne Bhbynchogpora pura ... pusilla ...... 0.22... seen Ricinella pedunculosa . eeceee Ricinus communis............,.00-0es-eee00 Ruellia strepens... tuberosa .. Rumex vesicarius.. Running Grass.... Ruppia rostellata. ........--.--..- crccceeene Russelia juncea......2..----000 eoccccccrcncs RUTACEZ, 2.2.0.2 22-0 cece cone ceeeee . Sabinea florida .......... eececcee Saccharum officinarum ...........eeseeeeee6 Sage ... 02. cece eeew cence cece n cen ceremenenes Sago Palm...........0.---ccceccecneseccones St. Jan Grass..........cesees ce eeeeeen scenes Balad . 2.2.2.2... 02 cece ese cce meee cece cweeeee 061 eee Sallie, Bay...........ecceecececececccccccees Salvia coccinea.......2..-...--- seccceccecee occidentalis aeee serotina ...... eace tenella ....... oe Sambucus nigra ... sees ’ Samyda glabrata... ence serrulata.. eee Sandbox-tree . .....0.-2 220 cenececccccecnccce Sander, Yellow...... anes Sanseviera guinecnais... eee Santa Maria. .........- SAPINDACEZ .... Sapindus insequalis.. Sapota Achras........-. ee Sideroxylon .... o SAPOTACEZ........ o Sarcostemma Brownel..........-.ceeeeeeeee Savia sossiliflora.............s.20.eceesecees Sevola Plumieri ... Scarlet Cordia....... . Indian Shot ... o. Schiefferia frutescons............eececceceee INDEX. RIsseess#seyes rm as _ BSYSSBSBBSRSAERes gseaeeee a o Schmidclia occidentalis....... Schopfia arborescens. Scirpus brizoides Serjania lucida ... Sesamum orientale. Sideroxylon Mastichodendron Silk Cattan INDEX. Page. Snake-bush. ....0....---cscceccccccccccceeee 85 | Styver bla... ....-. 2. cence eee eee cence eens Snake-flower lp SUCKET8 ......------ sen ececeeeneeenceeeceoes Snake-root ...... Sugar-apple ..........--.0--eeeeeecceceeee ee Snow-drop .. Sugar-cane ...........--.-0--ceceeececeeeeee Soap seed ..... 35 Soap-stick 40 SOLAN ACEZ 15 Solanum aculeatissimum 7 . bahamense. 77 igneum :. 7 inclusum... 77 lenceifolium. . 7 mammosum .. 77 Aciongena .. 78 nodifiorum ... 7 polygamum .. Py 78 Tacemosum ... 7 Seaforthianum . 78 torvum ...... %7 tuberosum. ... 78 verbascifolium . - 7 Soldier-wo0d ..........ccscesccesccecceccee - 49 Bouchus oleraceus.......22....-sccceececcce Cod Sophora tomentosa ...... cece. scence cesece 46 Sorghum vuigare.. 106 Sorrel, Red .... . 31 Sour Grass ...... 104, 105 Sour-eyes. ......... - 45 Soursop ........... 23 Spanish Grass.........-. 104 Sparganopborus Vaillantii. 62 Spermacoce tenuior 62 Sperry Guava .......... 2.0. ces ceen ce cccnee 52 Spigclia anthelmia ...........2..c00.----0e5 60 Spiranthes elata............0.scccceecceeeee 114 Spondias lutea ........... 20. eeccnec eee cceee 40 PUPPUTER «22.2222 2. cere occ eceeee 41 Sponia micrantha. ............ cee seecceceee o4 Spoon-tree 2... 2... ec ce ee we eee wee ccc wccwns 89 Sporobolus indicus ...........2.e0seeeeeeee 101 litoralis ......0...-escescececece 101 virginicus ..........-..00.----++ 101 Squash .... 2.0... ese e eee cece ee sweceeeees 55 Stachytarpha jamaicensis ...............-.- 88 strigosa .. re - I Star-apple .............0 2. eee eee ee eee eee 67 SEBBAMING.....cceee eee eee eeseencerees 68 Stark mahart ...........-....... eee eee eee 85 Stemonacanthus coccineus ............--206 80 Stenandrium rupestre ........... errr 81 Stenorrbynchus lanceolatus 114 Stenostomum lucidum. ....... -- 60 Stenotaphrum americanum --- 104 Stephanotia floribunda........ Stigmaphyllon periplocifolium. - . Sting Bisom ............c0- cece eee eee e eee Stink Cash ....0. 0.2.2 eee ee ee ee eee eee Stink-tree ..... 2. cece eee eee e ecw ee ewe eee Stinking-weed ........c0ce.--- ee eee eee eeeene Stiverbush ..........- Stone-ginger............scccscccseccceeecees Strainer-vino ........2-.- ceeeee sees ee ee ee eee 55 Strawberry Fern .........--2..-. cece ee eee 116 Stylosanthes procumbens 43 viscosa ..... . 43 -STYRACESD 2... ..0. 05. . cence eee e ie eccceens 68 Surinam Cherry... Gooseberry Symp SYNANTHEREZ...........2--- 2-200 -e ee Synedrella noditlora ..........02---scceccces Taber t DENSE .2n eee eecceceenee citrifolia ............--.-5 Teenitis lanceolata........sccececcsececsvees 116 Tagetes Patul ...c0c.ee--scee ee cccceeeeenee 67 Talinum patens .........22..scceecececeeees 27 triangulare........-..-.22.-.eeceee 27 TAMARICACE. ..... 2.20222 00 eee eens ene 26 Tamarind, Guinea ...............20---2eeeee 31 Wild ...2...ccncccceeecsecce cons Tamarind-tree.........cccceceeece scene ee eee 47 Tamarindus indica . es ccccee ces 47 Tamarix indica.........-..-+-seseees--eeeee 26 Tamier ......0...----- cece cc ceeene cece eee ees 98, 99 Tea, French ..........----ccececeeceescnccce 82 Sweet Marjoram. . seccecnees 82 Tecoma Berterii.......-....--0ee0---seeeeee 79 CUPENSIS «22.22 e cece ecw eee ee eee 79 79 79 102 42 4 TEREBINTHACER. ..........222202220005 40 Terminalia Catappa ..........02.---00. eee 54 Ternstrémia elliptica. .........026-.00-0--6- 33 TERNSTRUMIACEZ.......0-.-2.eeeee eee 33 Tetrazygia elewagnoides .............-----++ 53 Teyer-tred. ........cccecesee nee ceeececceees 100, 118 Thalassia testudinum ...............seee0e 97 Theobroma Cacao .....-....cceeeeeenceee eee 32 Thespesia populnesa .............2.---seeee- 31 Thevetia neriifolia .............02..0.0--005 Cis!) 49 24 100 118 97 81 81 81 82 East India............-20-- esse ceees 81 THYMELZACEZ. .........-.2.0ceeeneeee 89 Thymue vulgaris........ ae eeweeeeee 82 Thyrsacanthus nitidus.............---.ee0- 80 bas] aUEEERRAARASHERNYS HERE R BERNESE A? 132 INDEX. Page. TILIACEZ ....... eeeese eeceeeceeeee eoosee = 32 Tillandsia fasciculata. . ll recurvata... 111 usneoides . 111 utriculata. 11 Tithonia speciosa... 67 Tobacco, Wild... 65 Tobacco-pipe .. 95 Tobinia punctata. . 87 | Vitew Agnus-castus ......-..----seceeeeeee ee spinosa . 37 divaricata Tomato..... 77 | Vitis caribea............ Torch, Black ........ 60 | Waltheria americana ............ Tournefortia bicolor..............--.-- 75 | Wandering Jew.........-.-. eee cee ese ceeee . eeetecceeeee 75 | Water-cress ........... ers gpnaphalodes . 75 | Water-lily ........-...222-. cece eens eee eee ees hirsutissima .........--...... . 75 | Watermelon. .......-.....------seeeee een eee laurifolia ...... eee cee ee eee eee 75 | Waterpamna. ...............-- cee cee e ee eeee microphylla . 5 volubilis .........-.--.eeeeee eee 75 | Wedelia acapulcensis..............-. eecceee Tout-le-mois...........-...-2---206- eeseeeee 112 Affinis ............- eee ee eee eee Tradescantia discolor. ... 100 buphthalmoides ................2.. 100 CATTIOBA. ..40. 2-22 - cence ceeeeenene 100 CTUCIANA. .......-- cee enee ee eee e eee 92 discoidea .......... eeeeeeneeeen eens Trianosperma ficifolium.................--- 65 | White Alling ...... 2.20.0. 0cc2e. see eee eee e ee graciliflorum..........-...--- 55 -bark.........2.22-.00065 see eee ee eee ee Trianthema monogynum... 28 Bean ..........2. 0. .- scene eee ete ee eee Tribulus cistoides..... 37 Cedar. ........20..e cece ee ceeeee ceeeee maximus .. 37 Franchipani...............--.-seeees Trichilia hirta......... 36 Lily ..........2---2 eeeeeee eeeeeeeeee Tricholena insularis .. 105 Trilix crucis....... eeeceeee 25 Triphasia trifoliata............. ee eeeeeeeee - 87 Triumfetta althmoides........-...-.--.22+5- 32 82 32 32 77 | Wild Black Pepper ........-.00----------0 7 Cherry .......2 20 cae cov weweeeeneeeeee Trumpet-tree. ......2-. 2.2 eee cece eee en eee 94 Coffee ...2.0 22. cence cee e eee e eens Tshudya berbiceana...,......- - 63 Hops ...-.- 22.2.2 eee eee e eee cence nee Tuberose...........----2+ cneenseesenscen « ho Ipecacuana 77 Liquorice . 112 Mamey Turnera parviflora 57 Massimbee.....-..-. ulmifolia ............20-...-2 cece eee 57 Mustard TURNERACEZ... 57 Pea .....-- 40 Pine .. 100 Salad...... o. 100 Tamarind 59 Tanier 30 Tobacco Urera baccifera . 95 | Wonderful Leaf ............ eeeeeeee eee senee elata...... 95 | Worm-weed ........0-ceeeeeeccceennnsccccee Urtica elongata... 95 | Wreath-plant............------0---eeceee ase URTICACEZ.. 94 Mexican ........--..-cceeeees Vandellia diffusa . . - 78 | Xanthium macrocarpum..:.....-.---.--..-- Velvet-leaf ........ - 24 | Xanthosoma atrovirens.....-..-.-..--..---- Vendu bountje .. 2.2.2.2... - ee eee eee eee e ee 44 Verbena, Lemon-scented...........- ee eeeeee 84 Verbena chameedrifolia . . 84 VERBENACEZ........0..-.---2-eeeee eee 83 Verbesina alata ..........22-.22000008- ee) 62 62 Sander............2..--- emcee weeenes 62 | Yerba de Paré...... ereererrrererrr rr rreys Bexzee BAERRRRS em i) INDEX. 133 Page. Page. Yucca gloriosa .........-.2--------- oes 109 Zingiber officinalis ween e ewe wes aw mceeecens 112 Zanthoxylum Clava-Herculis. eee eee ence ee Zinnia elegans see eeee seen flavum eee eee eee ee o multifiora .... macrophyllum se eeee Zizyphus reticulata eer eee er errr rrr Ochroxylum Zornia diphyila Zea Mays..... Bewaee ce nacccraccncescecne ones 106 ZYGOPHYLLACEZ. nee cece ccc ce cee eee eece G) w (o) (~~ Digitized by No