USVI Public Records

Document text

ED 222 377 TITLE INSTITUTION REPORT NO PUB DATE NOTE AVAILABLE FROM EDRS PRICE DESCRIPTORS ABSTRACT DOCUMENT RESUME SE 039 471 Science and Engineering Degrees: 1950-80. A Source Book. Specflal Report. National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. NSF-82-307 82 71p. National Science Foundation, 1800 G Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20550 (no charge for single copies). MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. *Bachelors Degrees; *College Science; Computer Science; Degrees (Academic); *Doctoral Degrees; Educational Trends; *Engineering; Engineering Education; Engineers; Higher Education; *Masters Degrees; Mathematics; Science Education; *Sciences; Scientists; Sex Differences This publication is a source book of detailed statistical information on science and enaineering (S/E) degree production for the period 1950-1980. Data used in the report cover earned degrees in the aggregate United States, which includes the 50 states, District of Columbia, and its outlying areas (American Samoa, Canal Zone, Guam, Northern Marianas Island, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands). The first section consists of 15 charts (in graph format) with a summary statement at the bottom of each chart. The second section consists of 42 statistical tables. Data are reported for bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees for all fields, non-S/E fields, and S/E fields. The latter include chemistry, physics, geology, other physical sciences, engineering fields, mathematics, computer/information sciences, life sciences (agriculture/natural resources and biological sciences) and social sciences (psychology, economics, sociology, and other social sciences). Separate data are reported for S/E bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees earned by males and females. Data are also reported for the various S/E fields by academic level and sex over the 30-year period. A list of specific S/E fields included in the report is provided in an appendix. (3N) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** science and engineering degrees: 1950-80 a source book U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION E DUCA TI INAj RESOURCES INFORMATION FN TEk IT.', ks ,,,,ut has bet, reprIsliu esi as k .,1 ., th, person or ualafazation 11Iprtlo, tr, this u u.tst a, . /41 N/F national science foundation special report OZ) II" vie 401 Ih1P 1,141100 NSF 82-307 related publications Science Resources Studies Highlights S/E Personnel "Graduate Science/Engineering Enrollment Up Another NSF No. Price 3% Between 1979 and 1980" 82-306 "Trends in Science and Engineering Degrees, 1950 Through 1980" 81-320 Detailed Statistical Tables S/E Personnel Academic Science: Graduate Enrollment and Support 81-330 Reports S/E Personnel Foreign Participation in U.S. Science and Engineering Higher Education and Labor Markets 81-316 $4.50 The Stock of Science and Engineering Master's Degree-Holders in the United States 81-302 Employment Attributes of Recent Science and Engineering Graduates 80-325 $1.75 Projections of Science and Engineering Doctorate Supply and Utilization, 1982 and 1987 79-303 $2.25 Composite Academic Science: 1972-81. R&D Funds, Scientists and Engineers, Graduate Enrollment and Support 81-326 Science and Engineering Personnel:A National Overview 80-316 $4.75 Availability of Publications Those publications marked with a price should be obtained directly frem the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Where no price is listed, single copies may be obtained gratis from the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. 20550. (See inside back cover for Other Science Resources Publications.) foreword Information on science and engineering (S/E) degree production is vital to the understanding of the dynamics of labor markets in these fields. A statistical series providing this type of information (i.e., the annual number of students receiving S/E degrees) is an important leading indicator relatec: to market conditions, providing early warning about future changes in supply. In addition, such a series can be used to detect changes in the characteristics of this new supply, such as the increasing share of these degrees being awarded to women. This publication is a new source book of detailed statistical information on S/E degree production for the period 1050-80, a period which seems to be most frequently analyzed. The source book will he updated periodically as new data become available. January 1082 4 Charles E. Falk Director, Division of Science Resources Studies Directorate for ScientifiL, Technological, and International Affairs acknowledgments Ihi publiL ation was prepared by Felix H. Lindsay, Associate Study Director, under the supervision of Charles H. Dickens, Senior Study Director, Supply and Education Analysis Group, Division of Science Resources Studies. General guidance and review were provided by Alan Fech ter, Head, Scientific and FeLlinii al Personnel Studies Section, and Charles E. Falk, Director, Division of Sc tem e Resout-L !-; tud ies. iv contents page General Note,, vi C hart," Statiqk al Fable," 1c) Appundi -Fechnk al Note,' b5 general notes -this publication based on data provided by other Federal agencies as par t of their general statistics programs. The degree data were collected and provided by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), U.S. Department of Education, and its predecessors. Estimates of population in various age categories were pub- lished by the Bureau of the Census. The data used in this report cover earned degrees conferred in the aggregate United States, h int ludes the 50 States, District of Columbia, arid its outlying areas (American Samoa, the former Canal Zone, Guam, Northern Marianas Island, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands). Degr N data are t ompiled for a 12-month period, July through June of the following year. f t onvenient e, degrees in a given July through June period will he referred to by the year in which tlw period ended, e.g., 1080 means the 12-month period ending June 1060. It is diffit ult to establish a completely consistent series of degree data over a long period of time because of changes in definitions, instructions, and field classi- tiL ations, int luding the introduction of new specialties. The current NCES taxonomy and sur vey instrument have been in use from 1q71 through 1980. A consistent ot study lassit it a tion was also used for 1gb8 through 1p70, but changes were more Irvilucnt in the early t if ties. Fhe data for earlier years are presented as con- sisten dy as possible with tlw classifications used for 1971 through IPSO. The focus of this pubIR ation is on degrees in 5/E fields and, where appropriate, the NCES data lhive been reL lassified at ording to the National Science Foundation (NSf ) tield atf,gories. [he latter differ from the former primarily in that NSF separates engi- neering tet linology trom engineering, and history from the social sciences. vi charts page Bac helor s and first-professional degrees 3 2. ien(e/engineering bac helor's and first-professional degrees by major field group 4 3. Percent distribution of scienc e/engineering bachelor's and first-professional degrees by major field group 5 5( ience/engineering bac helor's and first-professional degrees by sex 3. Master rLi degrees 7 o. .5( ience/engineering master's degrees by major field group 8 7. Percent distribution of scienc e/engineering mas1er'14degrees by major field group 9 S. 5 ienc e/engineering master's degrees by sex 10 C). Dot tor'', degrees 11 10. Sc ienc e/engineering doctor's degrees by major field group 12 Percent distribution of science/engineering doctor's degrees by major field group 13 12. 5( ience/engineeringdoc tor's degrees by sex 14 13. 5( ienc e/engineering bachelor's and first-professional degrees per thousand 22, Year-olds in the U.S. population 15 14. Scien«qengineering master's degree,' per thousand 24 yea r o Id s in the U.S. population lb 15. 5 ien( ekngineering doc tor's degrees per thousand 30-year -olds in the U.S. population 17 1 (Thousands) 1,000 800 600 400 200 Chart 1. Bachelors and first-professional degrees Non-science/engineering Science/engineering 1950 52 54 I I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72\ 74 76 78 80 Year During 1950-80 there were three distinct phases in the production of bachelor's and first-professional degrees: (1) The decline from 1950 through 1955 as World War II veterans completed their educational goals or exhausted their educational benefits; (2) the sustained growth from 1956 through 1974 attributable to such fac- tor's as the rapidly increasing numbers in the college-age population and greater financial aid; and (3) the leveling-off after 1974 despite the continued increases in the size of the college-age population. SOURCES: National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education 3 Chart 2. Science/engineering bachelor's and firstprofessional degrees by major field group (Tiiousands) 150 120 90 60 Social sciences Engineering k . 30 / .... .......... 0 1950 52 1 1 ". mom. / S. % 5.4. 5.4. . Life sciences Inowal woo Mathematical/computer sciences 1 1 1 1 .0' Physical sciences 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ws. 1 1 1 1 1 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 Year While the number of engineering bachelor's degrees awarded in 1950 was not ex- ceeded until 1979, the recent period, 1976-80, shows a very rapid increase of 52 per- cent. During this latter period, degrees also increased in the physical sciences and mathematical/computer sciences, but decreased in the life and social sciences. SOURCES: National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education 4 1 Chart 3. Percent distribution of science/engineering bachelor's and first-professional degrees by major field group Mathematical/computer sciences Physical sciences Life sciences Social sciences 1950 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 Year 68 70 72 74 76 78 The relative share of bachelor's degrees in social sciences increased spectacularly dur- ing the Vietnam Era but fell sharply after 1974. The proportion of all degreesrepresented by the physical sciences and engineering declined steadily from 1960 to the midseventies, but there has been a resurgence since that time, particularly in engineering. SOURCES: National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education 1 1 80 0 Chart 4. Science/engineering bachelor's and firstprofessional degrees by sex (Thousands) 250 200 150 100 6 0 1)11 50 1950 52. 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 Year Wornen oos One of the striking developments of the post-World War II era has been the in- creasing participation of women in higher education. Women received only one- fourth of all bachelor's and first-professional degrees in 1950 and almost one-half in 1980. Their share of S/E degrees increased at an even faster ratefrom 12 percent in 1950 to 36 percent in 1980. SOURCES: National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education ,- (Thousands) 350 250 200 150 100 Chart 5. Mastar'sdegrees Non-science/engineering Science/engineering 0 I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I [ t 1950 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 Year The majority of master's degrees are awarded in non-S/E fields, particularly in education and business and management, and they have grown much faster than S/E degrees. The latter accounted for a high of 30 percent of all master's degrees in 1965 but have declined since to about 18 percent in the last 6 years. SOURCES: National Wake Foundation and National Center for Education Stalistics, Department of Education 7. Chart 8. Science/engineering master's de rees by Major field group Engineering .--'..- '---- ..-.' / '.N / / -:___-------- / \ ./- / /. ...... .- '^ .00 Social sciences Life sciences ..... 4 ........ Aa c::::! `44 """ 0 I i 1950 52 Mathematical/computer sciences Physical sciences - 111111111111111111[111111 54 56 58 60, 62 64 .66 68 70 72 74 76 78 Year Until about 1970, master's degrees in all major fields exhibited similar trends. Since then, however, the trends have diverged with declines setting in for both physical and mathematical/computer sciences while the others have generally continued to increase. Master's-degree trends in the sciences, but not engineering, are similar to those for baccalaureates. The recent surge in engineering baccalaureates ha's had no counterpart at the master's level. SOURCES: National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics,,Department of Education 80 Y Chad 7. Percent distribution of science/engineering master's degrees by major}ield group (Percent) 100 Physical sciences Mathematical/computer sciences 80 60 40 20 0 11111111111111 1950 52 54 56 58 601 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 Year Degrees in engineering provide the largest share of S/E master's degrees. Over the 1950-80 period, the proportion of degrees in the social and mathematical/computer sciences have generally increased, but those in the life and physical sciences have declined. SOURCES: National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education 15 (Thousands) 40 30 10 Chart 8. Science/engineering master's degrees by sex v Men - .. ......... . 00' .00". . 00' . Women 0.0 00' 0 1111111I.Ii1111111111111111111 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 Year 1950 52 54 56 58 Women have earned an increasing number of S/E master's degrees each year since 1956. In contrast, the number earned by men reached a peak in 1974 and was 10 per- cent below that level in 1980. Women received over 26 percent of these degrees in 1980 compared to 17 percent in 1970 and 10 percent in 1960. SOURCES: National Science Foundation and National Center for Eddciiion Statistic% Department of Education 1 6 80 (Thousands) 40 Chart 9. Doctors degrees 35 30 ,25 20 15 10 .0 Ili II 1111111 I. 1950 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 .68 70 72 74 76 78 80 Year S,'E degrees accounted for over 60 percent of all doctorates until 1969 but declined to only 50 percent for the years 1978-80. S/E doctorates reached a peak of 18,600 in 1973 but were 9 percent below that level in 1980. SOURCES: National Science FoUndatIon and National Center for Educailon Statistics, Department of Education 11 1 P, (Thousands) 8 Chart 10. Science/engineering doctor's degrees by major field group "" too. Physical sciences - /. ^A"' . .... / Engineering ... ... /-- Social sciences 0.".....-44., ..4*.'.. ' ........ ..** ..** /..,--- Life sciences ,./ ./. N / ./... /--- / /.. // / . 4%. 4%. Mathematical/computer sciences 111111L11111.111 1111 1950 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 Year In 1980, doctor's degrees in life and social sciences were near the peaks established in the early seventies but degrees in the other major field groups were substantially below their previous peaks. Engineering degrees were one-third less than their high in the early seventies, and physical and mathematical/computer sciences were about 29 percent below their peaks. SOURCES: National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education Chart 11. Percent distribution of science/engineering doctor's degrees by major field group (Percent) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1950 52 54 56 58 60 Mathematical/computer sciences Engineering Social sciences Life sciences Physical sciences I I I I I I I I I I IIIIII 1.11111 62 64 66 68 70 72 Year 74 76 78 The proportion of S/E doctorate degrees represented by the physical sciences has dropped steadily over the last three decades. During the last 15 years the share of the social sciences was the only one showing a significant increase. SOURCES: National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education 80 13 (Thousands) 20 16 12 4 0 Chart 12. Science/engineering doctor's degrees by sex 1950 14 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 Year' 68 70 72 74 76 78 Women receive a smaller share of S/E degrees at the doctorate level than at other degree levels. They have increased rapidly since 1970, however, rising from 9 percent to 21 percent in 1980 partly because of a decrease in degrees awarded to men. Their relative rate of increase in S/E doctorates was higher than for other degree levels dur- ing the last decade. SOURCES: National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics, pepartment of Education 2o 80 Chart 13. Science/engineering bachelor's and first-professional degrees per thousand 22-year-olds in the U.S. population (Degrees per thousand) 120 108 96 84 72 60 48 36 24 12 0 1950 *** ........................................ 52 ... ..... Women ...** ***/* . ......................... 11111111111111111111111 1, 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 Year 54 Demography accounts for only part of the increase in the number of degrees awarded between 1950-80. There were 39 S/E bachelor's and first-professional degrees awarded per thousand 22-year-olds in 1955. If the degrees-per-thousand had remained constant at the 1955 rate, the number of S/E bachelor's degrees in 1980 would have been only about 82,000 higher than in 1935. Actual degree production was 211,000 higher. Therefore, about 40 percent of the increase from 1955 to 1980 may be attributable to demographic changes and about 60 percent to changes in other factors, such as the perceived value of education and educational opportunities. 80 SOURCES: National Science FOundation, National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education, and Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce 21 15 Chart 14. Science/engine-ering master's degrees per thousand 24-year-olds in the U.S. population (Degrees per thousand) 30 27 24 21 18 15 12 /\ Men ...... ....... .................................... / I / I / I / I / \ 'I / 1 / \ / I1./ z v \ / \ Total Women .....--. .. .. ........... .. ... ......... 0 1;1111HIIII 111 I _1950 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 Year The number of S/E master's degrees per thousand 24-year-olds increased rapidly from 1954 to 1970, but has declined almost continuously since then. The number of degrees awarded per thousand 24-year-olds has generally been increasing for women but not by enough to offset the recent decline experienced by men. SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education. and Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce 16 22 Chart 15. Science/engineering doctor's degrees per thousand 30-year-olds in the U.S. population (Degrees per thousand) 15.0 13.5 12.0 10.5 6.0 7.5 6.0 4.5 3.0 1.5 e./ mimmol m.omp // Men / Total Women ...... *4.4 ........ ....... ........... ........... ............ ........................................ 0.0 JJ1Jii11111111!11.1111111.111 ^ 1950 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 Year The number of S/E doctor's degrees awarded per thousand 30-year-olds increased from about 1.6 in 1950 to a peak of about 7 in 1970/71 and then declined to 4.5 in 1980. The recent decline is dube entirely to a sharp fall in the rate for men. The rate for women has been increasing generally over the entire period. SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education, and Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce 23 17 statistical tables page Degrees in all fields and in science engineering by level: 1050-80 21 Scieni eiengineering degrees by level and sex: 1030-80 22 3. Bai helor s and first-professional degrees by major t ield group: 1950-80 23 Peri. entage distribution of bachelor's and f irst- professional degrees by major field group: 1030-60 24 Bac helor s and first-professional degrees earned by men, by major field group: 1050-80 25 o. Rai helor s and first-professional degrees earned by women . by major field group: 1950-80 2o 3, 7. Master s degrees by major f ield group: 1950-80 . . 27 Peri entage distribution or master's degrees by major t ield group. 1950-80 Master s degrees earned by men, by major field group. 10.50 -80 20 10. Master s degrees earned by women, by major f ield group: 1050-80 30 11 Do( tor s degrees by major field group: 1950-80 . . 31 Perien tawe distribution ot doctor's degrees by major f ield group: 1050-60 32 )octor degrees earned by men, by major field group 1030-60 33 14 Do( tor..., degrees earned by women, by major t ieldgroup: 1050-80 0 page construction, and transportation engineering degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 .... 43 24. Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering degrees by level and sex: 1050-80 . . 44 25. Industrial and management engineering degrees by level and sex: 1954- 80 45 2o. Mechanical engineering degrees by level and sex:1050-80 46 27. Other engineering degrees by level and sex: 1050-60 47 28. Ma thema tk.al/compu ter sciences degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 48 20. Mathematics degrees by level and sex: 1050-80 ... 49 30. Computer and information sc iences degrees 28 bY level and sex : 19o5-60 13 50 31. Lifesiiences degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 . . . . 51 32. Agriculture and na tural resources degrees by level and sex: 1050-80 52 Biological sciences degrees by level and sex: 1050-80 53 Social sciences degrees by level and sex: 1050-80 54 33. 3.1 35. Psychology degrees by level and sex: 1050-80 55 30. 1.1«momics degrees by level ark. I sex: 1950-80 56 37, Political science and government degrees by 34 level and sex: 1050-80 13. Phr.ic als ieru e.; degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 35 le Phr-.R.-. degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 ... 3o 17 hemistry degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 37 18 ;eologii al s( len( es degrees by level and sex: 10 -80 38 Other physi( al s( len( es degrees by level and sex 1030-80 39 Engineer my, degiees by level and sex: 1.050-30 . 40 Aerona uti( aliastronautical engineering by level and sex . 1050-80 41 liemR al engineering degrees by level and sex: 10,i0 80 . 42 57 38. Sociology degrees by level and sex: 1050-80 58 30, Other social sciences degrees by level and Sex: 1050-80 59 40. Science/engineering baccalaureate and first- professional degrees per thousand 22-year-olds in the U.S. population: 1950-80 60 'II 51. ience/engineering master's degrees per thousand 24-year-olds in the U.S. population: 1950-80 ci ,12. 5 ience/engineering doctor's degrees per thousand 30-year-olds in the U.S. popula lion: 1050-80 b2 19 **2 Table 1. Degrees in all fields and in science and engineering by level: 1950-80 Year Bachelor's and first-professionat Master's Doctor's Total Science engineering Percent science engineering Total Science engineering Percent science engineering Total Science engineering Percent science engineering 1950 433,734 154,933 36 58,219 16,596 29 6,633 3,890 59 1951 384,352 125,927 33 65,132 17,539 27 7,338 4,618 63 1952 . . 331,924 100,411 30 63,471 15,544 24 7,683 4,783 62 1953 304.857 86,142 28 61,023 13,548 22 8,309 5,114 62 1954 292,880 82,376 28 56,823 13,399 24 8,996 5,433 60 1955 287,401 80,901 28 58,204 13,989 24 8,840 5,436 61 1956 311,298 87.720 28 59,294 14,061 24 8,903 5,327 60 1957 340,347 98,509 29 61,955 15,205 25 8,756 5,233 60 1958. 365,748 108,727 30 65,614 16,840 26 8,942 5,353 60 1959 . . . . 385,151 116,802 30 69,584 18,682 27 9,360 5,635 60 1960. . 394,889 120,937 31 74.497 20,012 27 9,829 6,056 62 1961 401,784 121,660 30 78,269 22,786 29 10,575 6,531 62 1962. . 420.485 127,469 30 84,889 25,146 30 11.622 7,249 62 1963. . 450,592 135,964 30 91,418 27,367 30 12,822 8,055 63 1964 . 502,104 153,361 31 101,222 ;,0,271 30 14.490 9,025 62 1965. . . . 538,930 164,936 31 112,195 33,835 30 16,467 10,252 62 1966 555.613 173,471 31 140,772 38,083 27 18,239 11,298 62 1967 594.862 187,849 32 157,892 41,800 26 20,621 12,759 62 1--- - 1968 . 671,591 212,174 32 177,150 45,425 26 23,091 14,128 61 1969 769,683 244,519 32 194,414 48,425 25 26,189 15,839 60 1970 833.322 264,122 32 209,387 49,318 24 29,872 17,639 59 1 1971 884,386 271.176 31 231,486 50,624 22 32.113 18,466 58 937,884 281,228 30 252,774 53.567 21 33,369 18,412 1972 55 i- 1973 980.707 . - 295.391 30 264,525 54,234 21 34.790 18,598 53 1974 1.008,654 305,062 30 278,259 54,175 19 33,826 17,865 53 t 1975 987,922 294,920 30 293,651 53,852 18 34,086 17,784 52 -r- 1976 997,504 292,174 29 313,001 _ 54,747 17 34,076 17,288 51 1977 993,008 288.543 29 318,241 56.731 18 33,244 16,937 51 - 1978 997,165 288,167 29 312,816 - 56,237 18 32,156 16.196 50 1979 1,000,562 _ 288.625 29 302,075 54.456 18 32.756 16.363 50 1980 1,010,777 291,983 29 299,095 54.391 18 32,632 16,483 51 SOURCES National Scienc Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics. Department of Education 22 Table 2. Science/engineering degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 Year Bachelor's and first-professional Master's Doctor's Men Women Percent women Men Women Percent women Men Women Percent women 1950 136718 18,215 12 14,740 1,856 11 3,646 244 6 1951 109,822 16,135 13 15,826 1,713 10 4,327 291 6 -1-- 85.102 15,309 15 14,017 1,527 10 4,489 294 6 1952 1953 72,074 14,068 16 12,258 1,290 10 4,192 322 6 1954 68,106 14,270 17 12,047 1,352 10 5,123 310 6 1955 67,123 13,778 17 . 12,426 1,563 11 5,134 302 6 1956 73,246 14,474 17 12,623 1,438 10 4,978 349 7 1957 i 83,218 15,291 16 13,632 1,573 10 4.868 945 7 1958 92,806 15,921 15 15,061 1,779 11 4,97 3 i 8 7 't- 1959 99,475 17,327 15 16,706 1,976 11 5 259 3M 7 101.575 19,362 16 17,938 2,074 10 5.674 382 6 1960 1961 101,065 20,595 17 20,322 2,464 11 6,082 449 7 1962 103,984 23 485 18 22,334 2,812 11 , 6,748 501 7 + _ __ 27.099 20 24,173 i--- 7,482 1963 108.865 3,194 12 573 7 ' 964 4. 12 7 120.888 32,473 21 26,704 3,567 8,393 632 4- 4- 128,723 36,213 22 29,753 4,082 9,543 709 119Ci5 12 7 1966 133,989 39.482 23 33,201 4,882 13 10A 23 875 R 1967 143,847 44.002 23 36,083 5,717 14 11,746 1,013 8 1968 I 158,711 . 53,463 - 38,913 6,512 14 25 12,924 1,204 9 4- 181,323 63,196 26 41,111 7,314 15 14,464 1,375 9 1969 970 195,244 68,878 26 40,741 8,577 17 16.112 1,527 9 1- r 971 1 198.180 72.996 27 41,966 8,658 17 16,666 1,800 10 It 972 203,557 77,671 28 44,010 9,557 18 16,502 1,910 10 973 rl t 211,552 83,839 28 44.4 /4 9,760 18 16,310 2,288 12 974 213,269 91,793 30 43,630 10,545 19 15,453 2.412 14 t 4_ 1 975 201.578 93,342 32 42,847 11,005 20 15,147 2,637 15 976 196,577 f 95,597 33 42,675 12,072 22 14.502 2,786 16 977 191.090 t 97,453 34 43,577 13,154 23 13,979 2,958 17 (478 188,107 100.060 35 42,547 13,690 24 13,157 3,039 19 If 979 1 186,333 102,292 35 40.416 14,040 26 13,053 3,310 20 * - 36 40,008 14,383 26 980 186.009 105,974 12,940 3,543 21 SOURCES. National Science Foundation and NatIonaI Cantor for EducatIon Statistics. Department of Education 26 Table 3. Bachelor's and fivst.professional degrees by major field group:1950-80 Year All fields Science/engineering fields All other fields Total Physical sciences Engineering Mathe- matical/ computer sciences Life sciences Social sciences 1950 433,734 154,933 17,725 52,246 6,392 39,101 39,469 278,801 1951 384,352 125,957 14,296 41,473 5,753 32,271 32,164 258,395 1952 331,924 100,411 12,145 30,549 4,721 25,231 27,765 231,513 1953 304,857 86,142 10,414 24,189 4,396 21,835 25,308 218,715 1954 292,880 82,376 9,880 22,329 4,090 21,584 24,493 210,504 1955 287,401 80,901 10,516 22,589 4,034 19,927 23,835 206,500 1956 311,298 87,720 11,672 26,312 4,660 19,890 25,186 223,578 1957 340,347 98,509 12,934 31,211 5,546 21,903 26,915 241,838 1958 365,748 108,727 14,352 35,332 6,924 23,069 29,050 257,021 1959 385,151 116,802 15,460 38,134 9,019 23,861 30,328 268,349 1960 394,889 120,937 16,057 37,808 11,437 24,141 31,494 273,952 1961 401,784 121,660 15,500 35,866 13,127 23,900 33,267 280,124 1962 420,485 127,469 15,894 34,735 14,610 25,200 37,030 293,016 1963 450,592 135,964 16,276 32 458 16,121 27,801 42,308 314,628 _ 1964 502,104 153,361 17,527 ' 35,226 18,677 31,611 . 50,320 348,743 1965 538,930 164,936 17,91C 36,795 19,668 34,842 55,715 373,994 1966 555,613 173,471 17,186 35,815 20,182 3,864 63,424 382,142 1967 594,862 187,849 17,794 36,188 21,530 39,408 72,929 407,013 1968 671,591 212,174 19,442 37,614 24,084 43,260 87,774 459,417 1969 769,683 244,519 21,591 41,553 28,263 48,713 104,399 525,164 1970 833,322 264,122 21,551 44,772 29,109 52,129 116,561 569,200 1971 884,386 271,176 21,549 45,387 27,306 51,461 125,473 613,210 1972 937,884 281,228 20,887 46,003 27,250 53,484 133,604 656,656 1973 980,707 295,391 20,809 46,989 27,528 59,486 140,579 685,316 1974 1,008,654 305,062 21,287 43,530 26,570 68,226 145,449 703,592 1975 987,922 294,920 20,896 40,065 23,385 72,710 137,864 693,002 1976 997,504 292,174 21,559 39,114 21,749 77,301 132,451 705,330 1977 993,008 288,543 22,618 41,581 20,729 78,472 125,143 704,465 1978 997,165 288,167 23,175 47,411 19,925 77,138 120,518 708,998 1979 1,000,562 288,625 23,363 53,720 20,670 75,085 115,787 711,937 1980 1,010,777 291,983 23,661 59,240 22,686 71,617 114,79 718,794 SOURCES: National Scionc Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics, Dapartmant of Education 2 7 Table 4. Percentage distribution of bachelor's and first-professional degrees by major field group: 1950-80 Year All fields Science/engineering fields All other fields Total Physical sciences Engineering Mathe- matical computer sciences Life sciences Social sciences 1950 100.0 35.7 4.1 12.0 1.5 9.0 9.1 64.3 1951 100.0 32.8 3.7 10.8 1.5 8.4 8.4 67.2 1952 100.0 30.3 3.7 9.2 1.4 7.6 8.4 69.7 1953 100.0 28.3 3.4 7.9 1.4 7.2 8.3 71.7 1954 100.0 28.1 3.4 7.6 1.4 7.4 8.4 71.9 1955 100.0 28.1 3.7 7.9 1.4 6.9 8.3 71.9 1956 100.0 28.2 3.7 8.5 1.5 6.4 8.1 71.8 1957 100.0 29.9 3.8 9.2 1.6 6.4 7.9 71.1 1958 100.0 29.7 3.9 9.7 1.9 6.3 7.9 70.3 1959 100.0 30.3 4.0 9.9 2.3 6.2 7.9 69.7 1960 100.0 30.6 4.1 9$ 2.9 6.1 8.0 69.4 1961 100.0 30.3 3.9 8.9 3.3 5.9 8.3 69.7 1962 100.0 30.3 3.8 8.3 3.5 6.0 8.8 69.7 1963 100.0 30.2 3.6 7.4 3.6 6.2 9.4 69.8 1964 100.0 30.5 3.5 7.0 3.7 6.3 10.0 69.5 1965 100.0 30.6 3.3 6.8 3.6 6.5 10.3 69.4 1966 100.0 31.2 3.1 6.4 3.6 6.6 11.4 68.8 1967 100.0 31.6 3.0 6.1 3.6 6.6 12.3 68.4 1968 100.0 31.6 2.9 5.6 3.6 6.4 13.1 68.4 1969 100.0 31.8 2.8 5.4 3.7 6.3 13.6 68.2 1970 100.0 31.7 2.6 5.4 3.5 6.3 14.0 68.3 1971 100.0 30.7 2.4 5.1 3.1 5.8 14.2 69.3 1972 100.0 30.0 2.2 4.9 2.9 b.7 14.2 70.0 1973 100.0 30.1 2.1 4.8 2.8 6.1 14.3 69.9 1974 100.0 30.2 2.1 4.3 2.6 6.8 14.4 69.8 1975 100.0 29.9 2.1 4.1 2.4 7.4 14.0 70.1 1976 100.0 29.3 2.2 3.9 2.2 7.7 13.3 70.7 1977 100.0 29.1 2.3 4.2 2.1 7.9 12.6 70.9 1978 100.0 28.9 2.3 4.8 2.0 7.7 12.1 71.1 1979 .100.0 28.8 2.3 5.4 2.1 7.5 11.6 71.2 1980 100.0 28.9 2.3 5.9 2.2 7.1 11.4 71.1 SOURCES: National Science I.oundation and National Center for F.ducation Statistics, Department of Education Table 5. dac'nelor's and first-professional degrees earned by men, by major field group: 1950-80 Year All fields Science engineering fields All other lds fie Total Physical sciences Engineering Mathe- matical computer sciences Life sciences Social sciences 1950 ... -4- . 329,819 136,718 15,988 52,071 4,946 34,173 29,540 193,101 1951 279,343 109,822 12,876 41,386 4,311 28,018 23,231 169,521 1952 227,029 85,102 10,813 30,489 3,389 21,426 18,985 141,927 1953 200,820 72,074 9,137 24,152 3,122 18,360 17,303 128,746 1954 . . 187,500 68,106 8,607 22,264 2,722 18,079 16.434 119,394 1955 183,602 67,123 9,134 22,527 2,724 16,677 16,061 116,479 1956. , 199,571 73,246 10,171 26,236 3,137 16,508 17,194 126,325, 1957 222,738 83.218 11,321 31,130 3,826 18,327 18,614 139,520 1958 242,948 92,806 12,683 35,223 4,953 19,399 20,548 150,142 ' 1959 254,868 99,475 13.694 38,013 6,504 19,734 21,530 155,393 1960 255,504 101,575 14,041 37,663 8,312 19,650 21,909 153,929 1961 , . 255,900 101,065 13,492 35,732 9,483 19,078 23,280 154,835 1962 . 262,015 103,984 13,748 34,610 10,355 19,730 25,541 158,031 1963. 274,750 108,865 14,038 33,328 , 11,163 21,627 . 28,709 165,885 1964 , 299,813 120,888 15,077 35,067 12,682 24,398 33,664 178,925 1965 , 1966 -h . . 319,670 128,723 15,384 36,656 13,215 26,565 36,903 190,947 331.122 133,989 14,853 35,669 13,480 28,400 41,587 197,133 _ 1967 355,300 143,847 15,392 36,004 14,196 30,460 47.795 211,453 1968 1969. 1970. 392,830 158,711 16,768 37.403 15,243 33,169 56,128 234,119 ---h" 446,933 181,323 18,639 41,240 17,915 37,405 66,124 265,610 486,949 195,244 18,582 44,434 18,593 40,254 73.381 291,705 1971 1972, . . F 514.220 . 544.652 198,180 18,535 45.022 17.488 39.658 40.790 77,477 316,040 203,557 17,739 45,502 17,466 82,060 341.095 1973. . . . 1 568,361 211,552 17,688 . 46.409 17,543 44,916 84,996 356,809 1974. . 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1-- 579,811 213,269 17,751 42.824 16.851 50,390 85,453 366,542 557,654 201.578 17,058 39,205 14.729 51.899 78.687 356,076 561,759 196,577 17.420 37,671 14,071 53,512 73,903 365,182 11 551.789 191,090 18,067 39.495 13.241 52.863 67,424 360,699 r 543.619 188,107 18,188 43,914 12.815 50,184 63.006 355,512 1 F- 534.303 530.738 186,333 186,009 ,, 18,076 18.010 48,1 80 . 53.226 13.249 14.439 47.537 t 44.021 58,670 56.313 347,970 344.729 SOURCES. National Science Foundation and National Center for Educational Statistics. Dopartment of Education Table 6. Bachelor's and first.professional degrees earned by women, by major field group: 1950-80 Year All fields Science/engineering fields All other. ld fie s Total Physical sciences Engineering Mathe- matical/ computer sciences Life sciences Social sciences 1950 103,915 18,215 1,737 175 1,446 4,928 9,929 85,700 1951 105,009 16,135 1,420 87 1,442 4,253 8,933 88,874 1952 104,895 15,309 1,332 60 1,332 3,805 8,780 89,586 1953 ... 104,037 14,068 1,277 37 1,274 3,475 8,005 89,969 1954. . . 105,380 14,270 1,273 65 1,368 3,505 8,059 91,110 1955. 103,799 13,778 1,382 62 1,310 3,250 7,774 90,021 1956 111,727 14,474 1,501 76 1,523 3,382 7,992 97,253 1957 117,609 15,291 1,613 81 1,720 3,576 8,301 102,318 1958 122,800 15,921 1,669 109 1,971 3,670 8,502 106,879 1959 130,283 17,327 1,766 121 2,515 4,127 8,798 112,956 1960 139,385 19,362 2,016 145 3,125 4,491 9,585 120,023 1961 .. 145,884 20,595 2,008 134 3,644 4,822 9,987 125,289 1962 158,470 23,485 2,146 125 4,255 5,470 11,489 134,985 1963 175,842 27,099 2,238 130 4,958 6,174 13,599 148,743 1964 202,291 32,473 2,450 159 5,995 7,213 16,656 169,818 1965 219,260 36,213 2,532 139 6,453 8,277 18,812 183,047 1966 224,491 39,482 2,333 146 6,702 8,464 21,837 185,009 1967 239,562 44,002 2,402 184 7,334 8,948 25,134 195,560 1968 278,761 53,463 2,674 211 8,841 10,091 31,646 225,298 1969 322,750 63,196 2,952 313 10,348 11,308 38,275 259,554 1970 346,373 68,878 2,969 338 10,516 11,875 43,180 277,495 1971 370,166 72,996 3,014 365 9,818 11,803 47,996 297,170 1972 393,232 77,671 3,148 501 9,784 12,694 51,544 315,561 1973 412,346 83,839 3,121 580 9,985 14,570 55,583 328,507 1974 428,843 91,793 3,536 706 9,719 17,836 59,996 337,050 1975 430,268 93,342 3,838 860 8,656 20,811 59,177 336,926 1976 435,745 95,597 4,139 1,443 7,678 23,789 58,548 340,148 1977 441,219 97,453 4,551 2,086 7,488 25,609 57,719 343,766 1978 453,546 100,060 4,987 3,497 7,110 26,954 57,512 353,486 1979 466,259 102,292 5,287 4,919 7,421 27,548 57,117 363,967 _ 1980 480,039 105,974 5,651 6,014 8,247 27,596 58,466 374,065 SOURCES: National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education 28 Table 7. Master's degrees by major field group: 1950-80 Year All fields Science engineering fields All other fields Total Physical sciences Eng'neering Mathe- matical computer sciences Life sciences Social sciences 1950 58,219 16,596 3,184 4,496 974 4,158 3,784 41,623 1951 65,132 17,539 3200 , 4,825 1,109 4,417 3,988 47,593 1952. . . 63,471 15,544 3,054 4,091 802 4,184 3,413 47,927 1953 61,023 13,548 2,711 3,566 677 3,568 3,026 47,475 1954 56,823 13,399 2,374 4,204 706 3,007 3,108 43,424 1955 58,204 13,989 2,544 4,484 761 3,090 3,110 44,215 1956 . 59,294 14,061 2,655 4,724 898 2,867 2,917 45,233 1957 61,955 15,205 2,704 5,233 965 3,019 3,284 46,750 1958 65,614 16,840 3,034 5,788 1,234 3,179 3,605 48,774 1959 69,584 18,682 3,179 6,753 1,499 3,537 3,714 50,902 1960 74,497 20,012 3,387 7,159 1,765 3,751 3,950 [ 54,485 1961. 78,269 22,786 3,799 8,178 2,238 4,085 4,486 55,483 1962 84,889 25,146 3,929 8,909 2,680 4,72 4,956 59,743 1963 91,418 27,367 4,132 9,635 3,323 4,718 5,559 64,051 1964 101,122 30,271 4,567 10,827 3,603 5,357 5,917 70,851 c. 1965 112,195 33,835 4,918 12,056 4,294 5,978 6,589 78,360 1966 . . 140,772 38,083 4,992 13,678 5,010 6,666 7,737 102,689 1967. 157,892 41,800 5 412 13,885 5,733 7,465 9,305 116,092 1968. . . . . 177,150 45,425 5,508 15,188 6,081 8,315 10,333 131,725 1969 194,414 48,425 5,911 15,243 6,735 8,809 11,727 145,989 1970 209,387 49,318 5,948 15,597 7,107 8,590 12,076 160,069 1971 . 231,486 50,624 6,386 16,347 6,789 8,320 12,782 180,862 1972 252,774 53,567 6,307 16,802 7,186 8,914 14,358 199,207 1973. 264,525 54,234 6,274 16,758 7,146 9,080 14,976 210,291 1974 . 278,259 54,175 6,087 15,393 7,116 9,605 15,974 224,084 1975. 293,651 53,852 5,830 15,434 6,637 9,618 16,333 239,799 1976 313,001 54,747 5,485 16,170 6,466 9,823 16,803 258,254 1977 318,241 56,731 5,345 16,889 6,496 10,707 17,294 261,510 1978 312,816 56,237 5,576 17,015 6,421 10,711 16,514 256,579 1979 302,075 54,456 5,464 16,193 6,101 10,719 15,979 247,619 1980 , . . . 299,095 , 54,391 5,233 16,846 6,515 10,278 15,519 244,704 SOURCES. National Sdlenca Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education 27 28 Table 8. Percentage distribution of master's degrees by major field group: 1950-80 Science engineering fields Year All fields Total Physical sciences Engineering Mathe- matical computer sciences Life sciences Social sciences All other fields 1950 100.0 28.5 5.5 7.7 1.7 7.1 6.5 71.5 1951. 100.0 26.9 4.9 7.4 1.7 6.8 6.1 73.1 1952 100.0 24.5 4.8 6.4 1.3 6.6 5.4 75.5 1953 W0.0 22.2 4.4 5.8 1.1 5.8 5.0 77.8 -i- 1954. . 4- 1955. . , . 100.0 23.6 4.2 7.4 1.2 5.3 5.5 76.4 100.0 24.0 4.4 7.7 1.3 5.3 4.8 5.3 4.9 76.0 76.3 --t-- 1956 . .' 1957_ ...4-- 1958.. . . 1 -1- 1959. .. . 100.0 23.7 4.5 8.0 +- --I 1.5 t 100.0 4 24.5 25.7 4.4 8.4 1.6 4.9 5. 75.5 100 0 100.0 4.6 8.8 1.9 4.8 5.5 74.3 26.8 4.6 9.7 2.2 1 5.1 5.3 73.2 -4- 1960.. . .- 1961 .. .. t 1962 . : 100.0 26.9 4.5 9.6 2.4 5.0 5.3 73.1 --4- 100.0 -I- 100.0 29.1 1 4.9 10.4 2.9 5.2 5.7 70.9 70 4 29.6 4.6 10.5 3 2 -t 3.6 3.6 -1- 3.8 4 3.6 3.6 3.4 4 3.5 3.4 --r- 2.9 2.8 2 7 I 4- 2.6 I' 2.3 -+ 2 1 4- 2.0 t .1 5.5 5.8 ---4- 1963 t 1964. . . , -4_ 100 0 4- 100.0 29.9 -I.- 4.5 10.5 ---4- I 4- ' 1i_ + +. 5.2 t 1- , 5.3 . 5.3 6.1 70.1 70.1 69.8 29.9 -----f- 4.5 10.7 5.9 5.9 4- _4_ 1965. , 11 100.0 . - -I- - - - -I- 1966 : 100 0 ' 1 4.- -1- , 1967 . ' 100.0 ; 30.2 27.1 26.5 ----i-- 4.4 10.7 + i 3.5 9.7 4- + 3.4 , 8.8 4-- 4.7 4 -I- , 4 7 t 4- 1 47 -r- 4 5 +- 4 1/ -1- 3.6 , 4. 3.5 1 3.4 3.5 3.3 .._. 3.1 It 3.4 3 4 1 3.5 11-1 3 4 5.5 -f 5.9 72.9 73.5 74.4 -4-- 1968 1 _.- 1969 1970 1971 1972 4. 1973 . 1974 . . 4.-- 1975 -,- 1976 1 197 7 4. 1,978 4 1979 4- 1980. 100.0 ! : -1t--- 100 0 ! - 4- 100 0 1 .4-- I 100.0 1 -1- 100 0 : 100 0 .: 25.6 3.1 8.6 . 5.8 1_ 6 0 1 5.8 5.5 24 9 23.6 21.9 21 2 20.5 -1 -1-- 1 3 0 2.8 t 1 2.8 7.8 , 7.4 --r- -I--- 75.1 76 4 78.1 7.1 1 2.5 2.4 2.2 + 2.0 I 1.8 f 1.7 , t 4 1 8 i-- 1 8 1 7 1- .1. 6 6 6.3 5.5 5 3 5 2 5.3 .. 5.4 5 4 5.6 5 7 5.7 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.4 5.3 5 3 r 5.2 78.8 79.5 80.5 81.7 82.5 82 2 82.0 82 0 . 81 8 +- 1 100 0 ] --- 100.0 ' 4 100 0 1 t 100 0 !- 100 0 4 100 0 1 4 100 0 19.5 18 3 :, 17 5 17 8 18.0 18.0 . 18 2 + I -1- 1 --i- 4-- ! +- , 4. .., 2 1 2.0 2 ? SOURCES National Science Foundation n d National Center for Education Statistics. Department of Education 32 Table 9. Master's degrees earned by men, by major field group: 1950-80 Year All flelds Science engineering fields All other fields 1-- Total Physical sciences Engineering Mathe- matical computer sciences Life sciences Social sciences 1950. 41,237 14,740 2,919 4,481 784 3,624 2,932 26,497 1951 46,231 15,826 2,974 4,815 929 3,890 3,218 30,405 1952 43,537 14,017 2,830 4,073 663 3,717 2,734 29,520 1953 40,989 12,258 2,547 3,553 565 3,158 2,435 28,731 1954 38,147 12,047 2,197 4,189 579 2,649 2,433 26,100 1955. 38,740 12,426 2,337 4,471 613 2,657 2,348 26,314 1956 39,397 12,623 2,435 4,705 719 2,461 2,303 26,774 1957 41,332 13,632 2,483 5,217 777 2,616 2,539 27,700 1958 44,252 15,061 2,763 5,768 994 2,721 2,815 29,191 1959. , 47,408 16,706 2,909 6,729 1,188 2,976 2,904 30,702 1960 . . 50,937 17,938 3,060 7,133 1,428 3,178 3,139 32,999 1961. . . 54,158 20,322 3,454 8,150 1.772 3,415 3.531 33,836 1962 . . 58,705 22,334 3,544 8,869 2,179 3,887 3,855 36,371 1963 62,944 24,173 3,704 9,603 2,665 3,824 4,377 38,771 1964. 69,012 26,704 4,157 10,793 2,914 4,273 4,567 42,308 1965 76,211 29,753 4,405 12,012 3,482 4,816 5,038 46,458 1966 -1- 1967. . . 93,184 33,201 4,464 13,602 3,992 5,286 5,857 59,983 103,179 36,083 4,859 13,807 4,423 5,948 7,046 67,096 1968 113.749 38.913 4,873 15,089 4,720 6,451 7,780 74,836 1969 . +- 1970 . . -1.- 1971. + 1972 t 1973 121,881 41,111 5,243 15,130 5,169 6,793 8,776 80,770 126,146 40,741 5,101 15,425 5,298 6,374 8.543 . 85,405 138,590 41,966 5,533 16,160 5,101 6,130 9,042 96,624 150.085 155,000 44,010 5,419 16,521 5.409 6,587 10,074 106,075 44,474 5,427 16,470 5.416 6,843 10,318 110,526 1974 -1- 1975 4 1976 -r 1977 1918 1979 1 + 1 1980 158,344 43.630 5.200 15,031 5.323 7,195 10,881 114,714 162.115 _L 167,745 168.210 I 42,847 4,982 15,038 4,871 7,207 10,749 119,268 42,675 4,660 15,581 4,776 7,204 10,454 125.070 43,577 4.458 16,156 4,730 7,696 10.537 124,633 . 161,708. 42,547 4,630 16,144 4,704 7,485 9,584 119,161 . 153,772 151,159 40,416 40.008 4.472 15,203 4.469 7.259 9.013 113,356 4.258 15,656 4.715 6.952 8,427 111 .151 SOURCES National Science Foundation end National Center for Education Statistics. Department of Education 33 29 Table 10. Master's degrees earned by women, by major field group: 1950-80 Year All fields Science engineering fields All other fie s ld Total Physical sciences Engineering Mathe- matical computer sciences Life sciences Social sciences 1950 16.982 1,856 265 15 190 534 852 15,126 1951 18,901 1,713 226, 10 180 527 770 17,188 1952 19,934 1,527 224 18 139 467 679 18,407 1953 20,034 1,290 164 13 112 410 591 18,744 1954 . 18,676 1 ,352 177 15 127 358 675 17,324 1955 . 19,464 1,563 207 13 148 433 762 17,901 1956 . 1957 19,897 1,438 220 19 179 406 614 18,459 20,623 1,573 221 16 188 403 745 19,050 1958. . . 21,362 1,779 271 20 240 458 790 19,583 1959. . 22,176 1,976 270 24 311 561 810 20,200 1960. . . . . 23,560 2,074 327 26 337 573 811 21,486 1961. . . 24,111 2,464 345 28 466 670 955 21,647 1962 . . 26,184 2,812 385 40 501 785 1,101 23,372 1963. 1964 28,474 3,194 428 32 658 894 1,182 25,280 _ 32,110 3,567 410 34 689 1,084 1,350 28,543 1965 35,984 4,082 513 44 76 812 1,162 1,551 31,902 1966. 1967 47.588 54,713 4,882 5,717 528 1,018 1,380 1,880 42,706 553 78 1,310 1,517 2,259 48,996 1968 1969 1970 - 1971. 1972. 1973 . 1974 . 63,401 6,512 635 99 1,361 1,864 2,553 56,889 72,533 ,.._ 83,241 7,314 8,577 668 113 1,566 2,016 2,951 65,219 847 172 1,809 2,216 3,533 74,664 92,896 _ 102,689 .. 109,525 8,658 853 187 1,688 2,190 3,740 84,238 9,557 ... .. - . _ 9,760 888 281 1,777 2,327 4,284 93,132 847 288 1,730 2,237 4,658 99,765 119,915 10,545 887 362 1,793 2,410 5,093 109,370 1975. . 1976 1917 1978 1979 _ ....___ 1980 i 131,536 145,256 150,031 151,108 . _ 148,303 . 147,936 11,005 848 396 1,766 2,411 5,584 120,531 12,072. . 13,154 825 589 1,690 2,619 6,349 133,184 8871 -t--.- 733 1,766 3,011 6,757 -136,877 13,690 946 871 1,717 3,226 6,930 137,418 . 14,040 14,383 992 975 990 1,190 1,632 3,460 6.966 134,263 .1,800 3,326 7,092 133,553 SOURCES National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statktics, Department of Education 30 Table 11. Doctor's degrees by major field group: 1950-80 Year All fields Science:engineering fields All other ld fie s Total Physical sciences Engineering Mathe- matical computer sciences Life sciences Social sciences 1950 6,633 3,890 1,498 417 160 1,033 782 2,743 1951 7,338 4,618 1,681 520 184 1,192 1,041 2,720 1952 7,683 4,783 1,720 529 206 1,187 1,141 2,900 1953 8,309 5,114 1,714 518 241 1,443 1,198 3,195 1954 8,996 5,433 1,686 594 227 1,628 1,298 3,563 1955 .. 8,840 5,436 1,713 599 250 1,505 1,369 3,404 1956 1957 8,903 5,327 1,667 610 235 1,404 1,411 3,576 8,756 5,233 1,674 596 249 1,449 1,265 3,523 1958 8,942 5,253 1,655 647 247 1,465 1,339 3,589 1959 9,360 5,635 1,812 714 282 1,427 1,400 3,725 1960 9,829 6,056 1,838 786 303 1,647 1,482 3,773 1961 . 10,575 6,531 1,991 943 344 1,646 1,607 4,044 1962 11,622 7,249 2,122 1,207 396 1,804 1,720 4,373 1963. I 12,822 8,055 2,380 1,378 490 1,908 1,899 4,767 1964 14,490 9,025 2,455 1,693 596 2,181 2,100 5,465 1965. . . . 16,467 10,252 2,829 2,124 688 2,474 2,137 6,215 _ 1966 1967 18,239 11,298 3,045 2,304 801 2,696 2,452 6,941 20,621 12,759 3,462 2,614 870 2,900 2,913 7,862 1968 23,091 14,128 3,593 2,932 983 3,445 3,175 8,963 1969 1970 . 26,189 15,839 3,859 3,377 1,161 3,779 3,663 10,350 .__ 29,872 17,639 4,313 3,681 1,343 4,131 4,1; 1 12,233 1971 1972 . 1973 32,113 18,466 4,391 3,654 1,327 4,534 4,560 13,647 33.369 34,790 18,412 4,103 3,704 1 .295 4,478 4,832 14,957 18,598 4,016 3,560 1,264 4,524 5,234 16,192 1974 . 33,826 17,865 3,631 3,336 1,229 4,220 5,449 15,961 1975 . 34,086 17,784 3,628 3,151 1,188 4,252 5,565 16,302 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 7 , 34.076 17,288 3,433 2,835 1,100 4,203 5,717 16,788 f, 33,244 16,937 3,344 2,599 1,039 4,199 5,756 16,307 + . 32,156 16,196 3,137 2,442 1,001 4,179 5,437 15,960 1 32,756 1. 32,632 16,363 16,483 3.104 2,517 966 4,403 5,373 16,393 1. 3,095 2,519 964 4.495 5.410 16,149 SOURCES HatIona l Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics, Department ot Education 35 Table 12. Percentage distribution of doctor's degrees by major field group: 1950-80 Science engineering fields Year All fields Total Physical sciences Engineering Mathe- matical computer sciences Life sciences Social sciences -1 All other helds 1950 if- 100.0 58.6 22.6 6.3 2.4 15.6 11.8 41.4 1951. . . 1952. . -i 100.0 62.9 22.9 7.1 2.5 16.2 14.2 37.1 100.0 62.3 22.4 6.9 2.7 15.4 14.9 37.7 1953... 100.0 61.5 20.6 6.2 2.9 17.4 14.4 38.5 1954 1955 . . 100.0 60.4 18.7 6.6 2.5 18.1 14.4 39.6 100.0 61.5 19.4 6.8 2.8 17.0 15.5 38.5 1956 . 4- 100 0 100.0 -1-- 59.8 18.7 6.9 2.6 15.8 15.8 40.2 1957 .. 59.8 19.1 6.8 2.8 16.5 14.4 40.2 1958 .. 100.0 59.9 18.5 7.2 2.8 16.4 15.0 40.1 1959 100 0 60.2 19.4 7.6 3.0 15.2 15.0 39 8 1960. .... 100.0 1 61.6 18.7 8.0 3.1 J- 16.8 15.1 38.4 1961 1962. ... +-- 100.0 100.0 -1- ' -t- 61.8 18.8 8.9 3.3 15.6 -1,-- 15.2 38.2 62.4 18.3 10.4 3.4 15.5 14.8 14.8 I-- 1 37.6 37.2 1963 1964 100 0 100 0 62.8 + -4- 18 6 10.7 3.8 : 14.9 +_-- 62.3 1 16.9 11.7 ! 4.1 -4- 15.1 15.0 14.5 37.7 1 37.7 1965... 100.0 62 3 -t- 17.2 12.9 4 2 13.0 1966 100 0 61 9 1967 100 0 61 9 1968 100 0 61.2 -,-- 100 0 + 60 5 1969 1970 100 0 . 59.0 -. 1971 100.0 57.5 1972 100 0 55 2 1973 13 10.0 l535 100 0 52.8 1974 100 0 1- 52 2 1975 1976 100 0 50 7 '19/7 100 0 50.9 19/8 100 0 50 4 1979 100 0 50 0 1980 100 0 50 5 16 7 12 6 4- 12.7 + 4 4 4 2 14 8 14 1 13.4 14 1 16.8 4 15.6 12 7 +- 4.3 14.9 -4.- 13.7 14.7 12.9 4.4 14 0 1 4 4 + 14 4 12.3 1! 4.5 13 8 14 0 13.7 11.4 4.1 14.1 14.2 12.3 11.1 14.5 3 9 13 4 11.5 . 102 1 4.- .36 ! 4 . 130 15.0 16.1 10.7 9.9 ! 3 6 12.5 4-- 10 6 9 2 3.5 12 5 16.3 10.1 8 3 3.2 12 3 16.8 i- 10.1 7.8 : 3.1 12 6 ! 17.3 + -4- -4- 9 8 . 7.6 i 3.1 13 0 16.9 9 5 7 7 -i-- 2.9 13.4 -4.- 16 4 4- II 16 6 9 5 4 7 7 ! _4 3 0 4 13 8 SOURCES National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics. Department of Education 32 36 38.1 38.1 38.8 39 5 41 0 42.5 44 8 46.5 47 2 i 47.8 49 3 49 1 49 6 50.0 49.5 Table 13. Doctor's degrees earned by men, by major field group: 1950-80 ,-- Science engineering fields T 1 Maine- matical Life Social 1 computer sciences sciences sciences I Year All fields Total , Physical sciences - 7 1 1 't Engineering , t- --fr 5.990 j 3,646 1950 . 1.449 416 + -,-- 1951 6.664 4,327 1 1,617 519 1952 t 6,969 1 4.489 r 1,663 526 t t 1953 7.517 4,792 1,652 i 517 1 ---i- 8.181 I 5,123 1,625 , 594 1954 +H---- -i-- 8,014 5,134 1.661 I 599 1955 1- 1956 8,0' 8 ' 4,978 1,599 4 610 4.888 1,603 1957 7.817 595 + II 1958 7.978 4.975 1,589 643 1959 8,371 5,259 1,743 T4- 713 -4 5,674 1,776 783 1960 8,801 1 ----t- 1961 9.463 6,082 1,921 937 1-- 't 4 1962 10.377 6,748 2.035 1.203 + + 11 148 7.482 2,285 1963 1.367 ± + 1964 12,955 8.393 2.342 1,686 1- 9.543 2.702 1965 14.692 2,114- - 1966 16.121 10,423 . 2.914 .. 2.295 1967 18,164 11,746 3.300 2.603 . 4- -4 1968 20.185 12.924 3,405 2.920 +- 1969 22,753 14,464 3,653 3.365 1970 25.892 16,112 4.077 3,657 . 1971 27,534 16.666 4,145 3.631 19 72 28,095 16.502 3,830 3,679 t 1973 28.575 16.310 3,742 3,496 1974 27.374 15,453 3.378 3281 _ _ 1975 26.819 15.147 3,326 3.084 19 76 26.273 14,502 3,133 2,766 1977 25.150 13,979 3,024 2,525 _ . 1979 23,669 13.157 2,825 2.385 + 19 79 23.555 13.053 2,754 2,434 1980 22,950 12.940 , 2.709 2.423 All other fields 7 t -1- 151 L 938 692 1 175 1,090 1 926 -4- 2,344 2,337 +- +. 4 2.480 195 ' 1,093 1,012 -I- I 2,725 227 11 1.320 1,076 1- 213 1,517 1- 1,174 3,058 -1. -t- 239 1.398 1,237 2,880 225 1,281 1,263 3,040 \ 236 1.327 1,127 2,929 , 232 1 1,321 1 1 3.003 f 4- 267 . 1,307 3,112 -r- + 285 1,521 1 1.309 t i- 3,127 327 , 1,502 1,395 . 372 ! 1,643 : 1.495 , 454 ' 1,724 1,652 - i- i- 567 1,978 , 1,820 628 2.228 1 1,871 . 4 744 2.382 2.088 + 810 2,546 2.487 t 931 2.993 2.675 4 1,091 3.295 3,060 1.245 1 3.632 3 501 . 1,231 3.910 4. 1,194 3,831 1,147 3.790 1,120 3.488 1.064 3.470 3.749 3.968 4,135 4,186 4.203 + 983 3,412 4,208 911 3.408 4,111 -1- ! 862 3.307 3.778 814 3.429 3.622 _. 837 3,445 3,526 . . . SOURCES National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education 3.381 3,629 3.966 4,562 5,149 5.698 6,418 7,261 8,289 9.780 10,868 11.593 12,265 11,921 11,672 11,771 11.171 10 512 10 502 10,010 33 Table 14. Doctor's degrees earned by women, by major field group: 1950-80 Year All fields Science:engineering fields Total Physical sciences Engineering Mathe- matical computer sciences Life sciences Social sciences All other fields 1950... 643 244 49 1 9 95 90 399 1951 674 291 64 1 9 102 115 383 1952 714 294 57 3 11 94 129 420 1953... 792 322 62 1 14 123 122 470 1954, 1955 815 310 61 0 14 111 124 505 826 302 52 0 11 107 132 524 1956... 1957, . 885 349 68 0 10 123 148 536 939 345 71 1 13 122 138 594 1958 964 378 66 4 15 144 149 586 1959 989 376 69 1 15 120 171 613 1960 1,028 382 62 3 18 126 173 646 1961 1,112 449 70 6 17 144 212 663 1962 ., 1,245 501 87 4 24 161 225 744 1963 1,374 573 95 11 36 184 247 801 1964 1.535 632 113 7 29 203 280 903 1965 1,775 709 127 10 60 246 266 1,066 1966 1967 2.118 2,457 875 131 9 57 314 364 1,243 1,013 162 11 60 354 426 1,444 1968.. 2,906 1.204 188 12 52 452 500 1,702 1969 1970. 3,436 3,980 1,375 206 12 70 484 603 2,061 1.527 236 24 98 499 670 2,453 1971 1972 1973 4,579 1.800 246 23 96 624 811 2,779 5,274 6.215 1910 , 273 25 101 647 864 3,364 2,288 274 64 117 734 1,099 3,927 1974. , , 6,452 2.412 253 55 109 732 1,263 4,040 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 7,267 2,637 302 67 124 782 1,362 4,630 7,803 8.094 8,487 9.201 9,682 2,786 300 69 117 791 1,509 5,017 2,958 320 74 128 791 1,645 5,136 3,039 312 57 139 872 1,659 5,448 3.310 3.543 350 386 83 152 974 1,751 , 5,891 96 127 1.050 1,884 6,139 SOURCES National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education Table 15. Physical sciences degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 Year Bachelor's and first-professional Master's Doctor's Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1950 17,725 15,988 1,737 3,184 2,919 265 1,498 1,449 49 1951 14,296 12,876 1,420 3,200 2,974 226 1,681 1,617 64 1952 12,145 10,813 1,332 3,054 2,830 224 1,720 1,663 57 1953 10,414 9,137 1,277 2,711 2,547 164 1,714 1,652 62 1954 9,880 8,607 1,273 2,374 2,197 177 1,686 1,625 61 1955 10,516 9,134 1,382 2,544 2,337 207 1,713 1,661 52 1956 11,672 10,171 1,501 2,655 2,435 220 1,667 1,599 68 1957 12,934 11,321 1,613 2,704 2,483 221 1,674 1,603 71 1958 14,352 12,683 1,669 3,034 2,763 271 1,655 1,589 66 1959 15,460 13,694 1,766 3,179 2,909 270 1,812 1,743 69 1960 16,057 14,041 2,016 3,387 3,060 327 1,838 1,776 62 1961 15,500 13,492 2,008 3,799 3,454 345 1,991 1,921 70 1962. 15,894 13,748 2,146 3,929 3,544 385 2,122 2,035 87 1963 16,276 14,038 2,238 4,132 3,704 428 2,380 2,285 95 1964. 17,527 15,077 2,450 4,567 4,157 410 2,455 2,342 113 1965 17,916 15,384 2,532 4,918 4,405 513 2,829 2,702 127 1966 17,186 14,853 2,333 4,992 4,464 528 3,045 2,914 131 1967 17, 794 15,392 2,402 5,412 4,859 553 3,462 3,300 162 1968 19,442 16,768 2,674 5,508 4,873 635 3,593 3,405 188 1969 21,591 18,639 2,952 5,911 5,243 668 3,859 3,653 206 1970 21,551 18,582 2,969 5,948 5,101 847 4,313 4,077 236 1971 1972 21,549 18,535 3,014 6,386 5,533 853 4,391 4,145 246 20,887 17,739 3,148 6,307 5,419 888 4,103 3,830 273 1973 1974 1975 20,809 17,688 3,121 6,274 5,427 847 4,016 3,742 274 21.287 20,896 17, 751 3,536 6,087 5,200 887 3,631 3,378 253 17,058 3,838 5,830 4,982 848 3,628 3,326 302 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 21,559 17,420 4,139 5,485 4 660 825 3,433 3,133 300 _ 22,618 18,067 4,551 4,987 5,345 5,576 4,458 887 3,344 3,024 320 23,175 23,363 - 23 ,361 18,188 18,076 4,630 946 3,137 2,825 312 5,287 5,464 4,472 992 _ 3,104 2, 754 350 18,010 5,651 5,233 4,258 975 3,095 2 ,709 386 SOURCES National Science Foundation and National i:entor for EducatIon StellstIcs, Department of Education 39 35 Table 16. Physics degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 1950 1951 7-- , Bachelor's Year Total and first-professional Master's -1- Doctor's - Men Women Total Men WOR76,1 Total Men Women 5 r 3,414 2,788 3,287 2,671 1-- , 127 ± I 117 922 888 34 358 353 973 934 39 443 435 8 1952 2,247 2.141 106 886 851 35 485 476 9 1953 1954 2,005 1952 , 1921 , 1,877 84 721 686 35 478 472 6 75 714 685 29 28 23 485 479 6 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1,996 1,920 76 729 701 511 470 499 462 12 -« t + T- 4 , + 1- ' + , , f ' + 1 -4- " 1 7 ' I Jr , + '+- « ' t , + , I 2,335 2,745 2,233 102 742 719 8 2,623 122 825 797 28 I 25 30 35 50 62 76 66 80 I 80 96 95 120 158 152 159 113 136 124 132 126 123 135 118 453 439 14 3,186 3,809 4,338 -4- 4.322 3,042 144 795 770 464 455 9 3,668 4,166 4,092 141 172 230 915 1,073 1.271 835 1,038 1,221 1,363 1,491 - 1,782 1.826 1,869 2,015 1,993 2,139 2,047 2.042 1,876 1,642 1,526 1.453 1,319 1,193 1,171 1,184 1,074 482 473 9 10 487 477 564 667 558 655 6 12 10 4,812 -4-- 4,785 4.956 4,954 -+ 4,609 -1- 4,733 5,045 i 5,535 5,333 5.076 4.645 , i-- 4,268 1 + 3,962 1- 3,716 + 3,544 3,420 I 3.330 3,338 t, 4- 3,397 .1 4,624 188 1,425 I 4,548 f 4,715 + 4.708 237 , _. 241 246 1,567 1,848 1.906 1,949 752 778 942 973 1,183 1,260 1.296 1,439 1,482 . 1,344 1.328 1,115 1 030 997 945 873 918 830 742 767 922 952 1.153 1,234 1,264 , 1,402 1,439 1,301 1,287 1,068 1,028 952 890 824 . 852 767 11 20 21 30 26 32 37 43 43 51 47 52 45 55 49 66 63 4,385 4,466 4,749 , 5,213 + ; 5,004 4.733 4,322 3,955 3,625 3,354 «. 3,156 r -f- 3,062 2,961 1, f 2,939 .1_ 2,963 I 224 +-- 267 296 322 , 329 1 2,111 2,088 2,259 - 2,205 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 ! 977 1 9 /8 1979 I 980 ,, 343 323 t 313 2,194 2,03E. 1,755 t 337 362 388 358 369 399 434 1,662 1,577 1.451 4- 1,319 _ 1,294 1,319 1,192 SOURCES National Science Foundation and Notional canter Mr sclucatky Statistics. Department of Education J6 1 0 Table 17. Chemistry degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 Year Bachelor's and first-professional Master's Doctor's Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1950 10,619 9,134 1,485 1,576 1,368 208 953 914 39 1951 8,258 7,036 1,222 1,462 1,300 162 1,046 994 52 1952 . 6,819 5,717 1,102 1,409 1,242 167 1,031 986 45 1953 5,943 4,870 1,073 1,211 1,095 116 999 948 51 1954 . 5,791 4,727 1,064 1.098 972 126 1,013 968 45 1955. 5,920 4,781 1,139 1,173 1,036 137 1,005 969 36 1956 6,178 4,996 1,182 1,164 1,035 129 986 .934 52 1957 6,591 5,29i 1,294 1,047 913 134 1,003 955 48 1958 7,010 5,705 1,305 1,125 958 167 939 890 49 1959 - 7,308 5,897 1,411 1,145 981 164 1,009 960 49 1960 7,603 6,005 1,598 1,228 1,025 203 1,048 1,000 48 1961 7,604 6,096 1,508 1,313 1,113 200 1,131 1,074 57 1962 .. 8.089 6,374 1,715 1,425 1,179 246 1,139 1,070 69 __ 1963 8 '' 3 7,055 1,768 1,463 1.204 259 1,254 1,176 78 1964 1965 ''4 7,810 1914 , 1,586 1.306 280 1,301 1,208 93 10,047 8,111 1,936 1,715 1,387 328 1,414 1,313 101 1966 1967 1- 1968 + 1969 9.735 7,934 1.801 1,839 1,484 355 . 1,571 1,477 94 9.872 8,101 1.771 1,831 1,484 347 1,744 1,626 118 10.847 11.807 8,882 1,965 2,014 1,596 418 1,757 1,615 142 9.651 2.156 2,070 1,689 381 1.941 1,796 145 _ -4- 1970 1- 1 9 7 1 1 9 7 2 .,_ 1973 1974 1975 4 1976 A. 1977 it- 1978 1 i- 1979 1980 11,61 7 11,183 10,721 9,501 2.116 2,146 1,666 480 2.208 2.039 169 i 9.088 2,095 2.28e 1,792 1,754 492 2,160 1.987 173 8.601 2,120 2.259 505 1971 , 1.778 193 10,226 10.525 10.649 8,259 1,967 2,230 1.763 467 1,882 1,698 184 8,413 8.264 2,112 2,138 1,664 474 1,828 1.655 173 2.385 - 2,006 1.590 416 1,824 1,619 205 -4- 11.107 8.610 2.497 1.796 1,413 383 1.623 1 .426 197 H-- 11.322 8.720 2,602 1,775 1,327 448 1.571 1.383 188 11.474 8,593 2.881 1,892 1,447 445 1,525 1,322 203 11,643 8,530 3,113 1.765 1,318 447 1,51C 1,288 230 11.446 8.169 3.277 1.733 1.286 447 1.551 1.291 260 SOURCES National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics. Department of Education a C. Table 18. Geological sciences degrees by level and sex:1950-80 Year Bachelor's and hrst-professional , Master's Doctor's Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1950 3,013 2,934 109 493 477 16 113 110 3 1951 2,717 2,643 74 565 543 22 123 120 3 1952 2,102 2,026 76 486 469 17 116 116 0 1953 1,719 1,651 68 517 509 8 133 130 3 1954 , 1,632 1.,553 79 412 397 15 136 130 6 1955 1,795 1,703 92 507 481 26 154 152 1956 2,163 2085 , 78 508 494 14 135 134 1 1957 2,570 2,481 89 567 551 16 141 138 3 1958 2,827 2,723 104 718 697 21 151 148 3 1959 2,878 2,787 91 672 658 14 198 193 5 1960 2,465 2,390 75 591 577 14 201 197 4 1961 1,870 1,793 77 577 564 13 202 199 3 1962 . 1,430 1,361 69 594 573 21 199 196 3 1963 1,087 1,023 64 561 536 25 265 260 5 1964 1,113 1,019 94 555 533 22 237 232 5 1965 1,131 1,012 11,9 511 486 25 274 273 1 1966 1.329 1,202 127 525 491 34 290 280 10 1967 1968 1969 1.458 1,295 163 600 564 36 285 280 5 - 1.718 1,540 178 655 605 50 280 274 6 2,014 1,809 205 675 614 61 314 296 18 1970 2,286 2,040 246 610 543 67 283 274 9 1971 1972 2,415 2,150 265 651 588 63 324 313 11 I 2.573 2.247 326 841 751 90 310 294 16 1973 1_ 1974 4 1975 2.929 2.540 389 827 742 85 305 293 12 , 3,256 3,324 2.723 2,749 533 938 839 99 315 305 10 575 932 816 116 292 279 13 - 1976 3,362 +- 2,756 606 1,003 873 130 _ 313 290 23 1977 1- 1978 1979 1980 i 3.879 3,043 836 1,047 926 121 325 302 23 4,344 4,503 3.386 958 1,239 1,026 213 268 242 26 3,445 1,058 1,300 1,058 242 286 259 27 4,600 3,469 1.131 1,295 1.058 237 313 287 26 SOURCES National Science Foundation end National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education 38 42 z Table 19. Other physical sciences degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 Year Bachelor's and first-professional Master's Doctor's Total Men_ Women Tntal Men Women Total Men Women._ 1950 649 633 16 193 186 7 74 72 2 1951 533 526 7 200 197 3 69 68 1 1952 977 929 48 273 268 5 88 85 3 1953. 747 695 52 262 257 5 104 102 2 1954 505 450 55 150 143 7 52 48 4 1955 805 730 75 135 119 16 43 41 2 1956 996 857 139 241 187 54 76 69 7 1957 . 1,028 920 108 265 222 43 77 71 6 1958 1,329 1,213 116 396 338 58 101 96 5 1959 1,465 1,342 123 447 385 62 123 117 6 1960 1,651 1,480 171 495 420 75 102 102 0 1961 1,704 1,511 193 638 556 82 94 90 4 _ 1962 1,563 1,389 174 485 429 56 117 114 1963 1,581 1,412 169 541 473 68 109 107 1964 1,734 1,534 200 578 536 42 139 135 4 1965 1,784 1,553 231 786 706 80 199 194 5 1966 1,513 1,332 181 679 620 59 211 205 6 1967 . 1,731 1,530 201 870 796 74 250 241 9 ,1968 1.832 1,597 235 751 679 72 296 282 14 1969 2,235 1966 , 269 907 801 106 308 297 11 1970. . 2,315 2,037 278 987 845 142 383 362 21 1971 2,875 2,564 311 1,257 1,111 146 425 406 19 1972 2,948 2,569 379 1.172 1,038 134 478 457 21 1973 3,386 2,934 452 1,462 . 1,280 182 491 464 27 1974. 1975 3,544 3207 , 2,990 554 1,349 1,171 178 . 373 350 23 2,691 516 1,315 1,123 192 432 400 32 1976 3.546 2,898 648 1,235 1,055 180 500 465 35 1977 3,997 3,242 755 1,04 1,012 192 503 449 54 1978 1979 1980 4,027 3.248 779 1,151 986 165 471 437 34 3,879 3.162 717 1,080 912 168 382 355 27 4,218 0,409 809 1,013 840 173 401 364 37 SOURCES Mational Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics. Department of Education 40 Table 20., Engineering degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 Year Bachelor's and first-professional Master's Doctor's Total -Men --Women-- Total Men Women Total Men Women 1950 52,246 52,071 175 4,496 4,481 15 417 4 . 6 1 1951 41,473 41,386 87 4,825 4,815 10 520 519 1 1952 30,549 30,489 60 4,091 4,073 18 529 526 3 1953 24,189 24,152 37 3,566 3,553 13 518 517 1 1954 22,329 22,264 65 4,204 4,189 15 594 594 0 1955 22,589 22,527 62 4,484 4,471 13 599 599 0 1956 26,312 26,236 76 4,724 4,705 19 610 610 0 1957 31,211 31,130 81 5,233 5,217 16 596 595 1 1958 1 35,332 35,223 109 5,788 5,768 20 647 643 4 1959 I 38,134 38,013 121 6,753 6,729 24 714 713 1 1960 37,808 37,663 145 7,159 7,133 26 786 783 3 1961 35,866 35,732 134 8,178 8,150 28 943 937 6 1962 34,735 34,610 125 8,909 8,869 40 1,207 1,203 4 1963 33,458 33,328 130 9,635 9,603 32 1,378 1,367 11 1964 i 35,226 35,067 159 10,827 10,793 34 1,693 1,686 7 1965 36.795 36,656 139 12,056 12,012 44 2,124 2,114 10 1966 35,815 35,669 146 13,678 13.602 76 2,304 2.295 9 1967 36,188 36,004 184 13,885 13,807 78 2,614 2,603 11 1968 1969 37,614 37.403 211 15.188 15,089 99 2,932 2,920 12 t 41.553 41,240 313 15,243 15,130 113 3.377 3,365 12 1970 44.772 44,434 338 15,597 15.425 172 3,681 3,657 24 1971 /- 1972 45,387 45,022 365 16,347 16,160 187 3,654 3,631 23 46,003 45,502 501 16,802 16,521 281 3.704 3.679 25 1973 1974 I 975 46.989 46,409 580 16,758 16,470 288 3,560 3.496 64 I 43.530 t 40.065 42,824 A- 39,205 , 706 15.393 15,031 362 3.336 3.281 55 860 15,434 15.038 396 3,151 3,084 67 1976 39,114 -4 37.671 1,443 16.170 15,581 589 2.835 2,766 69 1977 1- 1978 - 1979 l- 1980 41,581 39.495 2,086 16,889 16,156 733 2,599 2.525 74 47,411 43,914 3,497 17,015 16,144 871 2,442 2,385 57 53,720 48,801 4.919 16,193 15,203 990 2,517 2,434 83 59,240 53.226 6.014 16,846 15,656 1,190 2.519 2.423 96 SOURCES National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education Table 21. Aeronautical/astronautical engineering degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 -Year- Bachelor's and first-professional Master's Doctor's Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1950 1,712 1,698 14 373 372 1 23 23 0 1951 1,461 1,472 9 332 331 1 26 25 1 1952 911 900 11 231 231 0 25 25 0 1953 738 734 4 210 209 1 32 32 0 1954 660 659 1 219 218 1 43 43 0 1955 686 683 3 204 202 2 23 23 0 1956 895 893 2 216 213 3 36 36 0 1957 1,109 1,104 5 256 254 2 32 32 1958 1,337 1,330 7 301 300 1 26 25 1 1959 1,551 1,545 6 331 330 1 24 24 0 1960 1,698 1,692 6 342 342 0 23 22 1 1961 1,666 1,661 5 437 434 3 42 41 1 1962 1,440 1,435 5 469 466 3 54 54 0 1963 1,292 1,288 4 575 571 4 70 67 3 1964 1,455 1,448 7 658 655 3 72 71 1 1965 1,717 1,709 8 699 693 6 91 91 0 1966 1,683 1,678 5 798 792 6 105 105 0 1967 1,914 1,900 14 802 800 2 142 142 0 1968 2,072 2,060 12 841 835 6 162 161 1969 2,625 2,606 19 835 828 7 207 207 0 1970 2,756 2,736 20 749 746 3 211 209 2 1971.... 2,443 2,426 17 717 711 6 217 214 3 1972 2,180 2,160 20 687 680 7 197 197 0 1973....... 1,738 1,720 18 563 561 2 171 170 1 1974.... 1,210 1,192 18 557 548 9 173 170 3 1975 1,174 1,150 24 477 470 7 163 161 2 1976 1,009 c80 29 479 469 10 139 137 2 1977... 1,078 1,.)50 28 385 377 8 119 115 4 1978 . 1,186 1,' 25 61 411 400 11 115 113 2 1979. 1,386 1,320 66 372 355 17 95 95 0 1980. 1,424 1,342 82 382 373 9 99 98 1 SOURCES: National Sclenc Foundation and National Gantt r for Education Statistics, Department of Education 41 42 Table 22. Chemical engineering degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 Year Bachelor's and first-professional , Master's Doctor's Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1950 4,506 -7" 4,474 32 699 698 1 173 172 1 1951 3,707 3,687 20 740 738 2 171 171 0 1952 2,857 2,849 8 587 582 168 168 0 1953 2,258 2,253 5 431 429 2 147 147 0 1954 2,042 2,033 9 448 446 2 133 133 0 1955 2,027 2,014 13 470 469 1 139 139 0 1956 2,466 2,444 22 545 542 3 138 136 0 1957. 2,818 2,796 22 402 401 1 146 146 0 -- 1958. 3,008 2,986 22 561 557 4 127 126 1 1959 . 3,131 3,111 20 596 593 3 143 143 0 1960. . 2,966 2,935 31 617 611 6 170 170 0 1961 . 2,864 2,845 19 650 648 2 171 171 0 1962 2,677 2,657 20 676 669 7 225 224 1 1963 2.724 2,698 26 711 709 2 238 236 2 1964 2,998 2,970 28 762 757 5 262 261 1 1965 . 3.076 3,050 26 806 803 3 364 362 2 1966, .. 2,848 2,825 23 994 987 7 354 351 3 1967 2,869 2,841 28 949 942 7 305 303 2 1968 1969. . 3,211 3,181 30 1 .156 1.142 14 367 364 3 3,557 3,504 53 1,136 1,127 9 409 406 3 1970 3,720 3,663 57 1,045 1,028 17 438 434 4 1971 . 1972. 3,615 3.663 3,552 3,587 63 1,100 1,074 26 406 404 2 76 1,154 1,126 28 394 393 1 1973 1974 1975 3,636 3.454 3.142 3,546 90 1,051 1,030 21 397 395 2 3.337 3.001 117 1,045 1,014 31 25 400 390 10 141 990 965 346 342 4 1976 -1-- 1977 1978 1979 , 1980 3,203 2,927 276 1,031 992 39 308 299 9 3,581 4,615 5,655 6.383 3,152 429 1,086 1 .021 65 291 283 8 3,899 716 1.237 1,150 87 259 252 7 4,649 1.006 1,149 1.035 114 . 304 296 8 5,168 1,215 1.271 1,:138 133 284 269 15 SOURCES: National Sclence Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics, Department ot Education Table 23. Civil, construction, and transportation engineering degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 Year 4 Bachelor's and hrst-professional Master's Doctor's Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1950 7,781 7,761 20 689 686 3 28 28 0 1951 7,050 7,043 7 630 629 1 52 52 0 1952 . 5,329 5,322 7 583 582 1 45 45 0 1953 4,396 4,389 7 566 565 1 40 40 0 1954 3,955 3,948 7 565 562 3 43 43 0 1955 1956 1957 1958 3.868 3,860 8 693 690 3 29 29 0 4,227 4,216 11 822 821 1 59 59 0 4,683 4,674 9 850 846 4 39 39 0 5,134 5,121 13 810 809 1 69 69 0 1959 1960 5,394 5,375 19 926 921 5 70 70 0 5,303 5,288 15 1,052 1,051 1 74 73 1 1961 1962 5,385 5,360 _ 25 1,247 1,246 1 117 116 1 5,235 5,212 23 1,286 1,277 9 145 145 0 1963 1964 1965 4,854 4,836 18 1,410 1,406 4 142 140 2 5.077 5,053 24 1,567 1.561 6 218 217 1 5.200 5,187 13 1,686 1,681 5 252 250 2 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 19 /7 19 /8 1979 1980 5.335 5,316 19 2,007 2,000 7 283 282 1 1- + -4-- 4- -t i- r 5,147 5.508 5,124 23 2.019 2001 , 18 296 295 1 5,480 28 2,137 2.123 14 376 376 0 1 6.001 5.958 43 2.201 2.189 12 381 381 0 6,524 6.613 6.909 6.477 47 2.242 2.223 2.403 19 411 409 2 6.559 54 2.431 28 446 443 6.842 -± 67 2.487 2,449 38 415 413 2 7,502 8.145 4 7,790 8.059 8,376 9.265 + 9,941 10.442 _ --I- -1- 7.424 78 2.629 2,591 38 49 74 397 388 9 8.016 . 7,640 129 150 2.653 -f 2.771 2.604 368 364 4 2.697 356 347 361 9 1-- 7.807 7,943 8.575 8,986 9,451 252 433 3.000 2,969 2,901 99 370 9 2.840 2.559 129 132 309 277 253 270 303 6 690 2.691 271 249 264 6 955 991 2.655 2,512 143 I 4 2.683 2,486 197 6 SOURCES National Science Foundation and National Canter for Education Statistics, Department of Education 4 7 43 Table 24. Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 Year Bachelor's and first-professional MasterS-- DoctorS Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1950 13,270 13,231 39 1,057 1,055 2 80 80 0 1951 9,488 9,477 11 1,114 1,114 0 113 113 0 1952 6,453 6,446 7 1,008 1,005 3 120 117 3 1953 4,899 4,892 7 880 879 1 132 131 1 1954 4,485 4,475 10 978 977 1 111 111 0 1955 1956 4,860 4,847 13 1,074 1,072 2 141 141 0 6,222 6,211 11 1,161 1,158 3 136 136 0 1957 8,108 8,097 11 1,312 1,310 2 130 130 n 0 1958 9,567 9,548 19 1,570 1,565 5 144 143 1 1959 10,786 10,756 30 1,846 1.840 6 189 189 0 1960 10,631 10,599 32 1,993 1,989 4 203 202 1 1961 10,200 10,175 25 2,414 2,410 4 250 249 1 _ 1962 10,263 10,229 34 2,701 2,691 10 295 294 1 1963 10,393 10,362 31 2,816 2,807 9 386 384 2 1964 11,261 11,228 33 3.163 3,157 6 460 458 2 1965 11,730 11,694 36 3,505 3,498 7 511 509 2 1966 11,007 10,978 29 3,872 3,850 22 569 567 2 1967 1968 10.843 10,801 42 3,953 3,942 11 668 668 0 10.725 10.682 43 4,226 4,204 22 723 723 0 1969 11,695 11,629 66 4,033 4,011 22 862 858 4 1970 1971 12,288 12,220 68 4,138 4,109 29 882 879 3 12,288 12,212 76 4.282 4,252 30 879 876 3 1972 1973 1974 12,181 12.099 82 4,209 4,157 52 824 821 3 12, 377 11,419 12,219 11.302 158 3,899 3.850 49 791 782 9 117 3,499 3,444 55 705 697 8 1975 10.246 10,116 130 3,471 3,413 58 701 690 11 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 j 9,874 9,681 193 3,774 3,670 104 649 635 14 t 10,018 9,750 268 3.788 3,654 134 566 543 18 11,213 10,778 435 3,742 3,600 142 503 490 13 12,440 11.781 659 3,596 3,453 143 586 572 14 13,902 13,000 902 3,842 3,658 184 525 511 14 SOURCES National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics. Department of Education Table 25. Industrial and management engineering degrees by level and sex:1954-801 Bachelor's and first-professional Master's __ Doctor's Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1954 1,342 1,338 4 375 373 2 6 5 1 1955 1,448 1,444 4 373 372 1 9 9 0 1956 1,651 1,646 5 354 354 0 10 10 0 1957 1,926 1,919 7 395 394 1 17 17 0 1958 2,108 2,105 3 486 485 1 9 9 0 1959 2,297 2,291 6 578 578 0 12 12 0 1960. 2,242 2,232 10 468 467 1 13 13 0 1961 2,084 2,077 7 458 458 0 19 19 0 1962. 1,904 1,896 8 508 508 0 26 25 1 1963 1,861 1,851 10 603 603 0 23 23 0 1964 ,, 2,194 2,186 8 808 807 1 32 32 0 1965.. 2,236 2,230 6 1,013 1,010 3 61 60 1 1966. 2,335 2,325 10 1,200 1,194 6 45 45 0 1967 . 2,366 2,357 9 1,341 1,331 10 64 62 2 1968 .. 2,727 2,712 15 1,512 1,503 9 79 77 2 _ 1969 3.000 3.199 2,984 3.178 16 21 1.453 1,763 1,445 1,746 8 17 115 126 115 123 0 d 3 1970 1971 1972 1973 3,210 3,190 20 1,921 1,898 23 139 136 3 3,713 3,673 40 1,731 1,706 25 168 168 0 3.508 3,477 31 1,595 1,566 29 130 127 3 _ 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 '980 1- -1-- 1 t : -t- . 1 2.921 2,877 44 1,734 1,689 45 146 144 2 t 2.583 2.524 59 1.687 1,631 56 119 114 5 1 2.241 2,154 87 1.751 1,670 81 121 118 3 2.264 7 2,712 2.804 2.115 149 1,609 1,534 75 138 104 99 5 2.389 + 2.376 323 +- , 428 1,722 1,584 118 . 113 5 1.502 1,374 128 149 135 14 3.217 2,672 545 1,313 1,180 133 116 109 7 'Degrees in industrial end management ngineering not separately collected prior to 1954 SOURCES NetMne9 Science Foundation end National Center for Education Statistics. Department of Education 9 Table 26. Mechanical engineering degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 Year Bachelor's and first-professional Master's Doctor's Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1950. . 14,441 14,414 27 784 781 3 46 46 0 1951 10.798 10,783 15 913 910 3 67 67 0 1952 7,685 7,677 8 660 656 4 72 72 0 1953 5,964 5,959 5 667 667 0 84 84 0 1954 5,419 5,410 9 723 723 0 72 72 0 1955. . 5,876 5,867 9 759 758 1 79 79 0 1956. 6,728 6,717 11 765 763 2 61 61 0 1957 7,907 7,892 15 812 809 3 67 67 0 1958 9,060 9,041 19 952 952 0 76 76 0 1959 9,592 9,580 12 1,081 1,080 1 83 82 1 1960 9,597 9,577 20 1,179 1,175 4 107 107 0 1961 .. 8,651 8,629 22 1,401 1,396 5 106 106 0 1962 . 8,473 8,460 13 1,531 1,529 2 159 159 0 1963 .. 7,697 7,674 23 1,664 1,664 0 164 164 0 1964 7,697 7,680 17 1.886 1.883 3 200 200 0 1965 . . 8.035 8.019 16 2.036 2,031 5 265 265 0 1966. . 7.811 7.792 19 2,154 2.147 7 289 289 0 1967 1968 7,890 7,870 20 2,176 2.169 7 354 353 1 7.930 7.898 32 2.136 2.130 6 395 394 1 --F 1969 - 8.514 8.474 40 2,299 2,295 4 425 425 0 1970 I- 1 9 7 1 1972 9.310 9,271 39 2.298 2.286 12 435 435 0 8.917 .--i- 8,574 8.876 41 2.238 2,233 5 438 438 0 8.526 48 2.283 2.265 18 411 410 1 1973 8.584 4. 4- 1974 7,737 4- 1975 6,949 8.523 61 2,142 2.123 19 370 367 3 7.674 1- 6.867 63 1,844 1.823 21 385 379 6 82 1.860 -4- 1.845 , 15 4--- 340 336 4 1976 -t 6.841 -r- 7,771 8.924 4- 10,171 I" 11.863 6.694 7.535 1 8.458 t I 9,568 147 1,907 1,880 27 305 303 2 1977 1(478 1979 1980 t- , 236 466 1 .953 1,943 1.904 1.886 49 57 283 280 , 3 t 279 273 6 I 603 1,878 1,811 67 271 268 t 3 + 1 10.981 i + 882 2.060 1962 , 98 281 277 4 SOURCES National Science Foundation and National Canter for Education Statistics. Department of Education 46 Table 27. Other engineering degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 Year Bachelor's and first-professional Master's Doctor's Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1950 10,536 10,493 43 894 889 5 67 67 0 1951 8,949 8,924 25 1,096 1,093 3 91 91 0 1952 7,314 7,295 19 1,022 1,017 5 99 99 0 1953 5,934 5,925 9 812 804 8 83 83 0 1954 4,333 4,311 22 869 865 4 182 182 0 1955 3,824 3,812 12 911 908 3 179 179 0 1956 4,117 4.103 14 861 854 7 172 172 0 1957 4,660 4,648 12 1206 , 1,203 3 165 164 1 1958 5,118 5,092 26 1,108 1,100 8 196 195 1 1959 5,383 5,355 28 1,395 1,387 8 193 193 0 1960 5,371 5,340 31 1,508 1,498 10 196 196 0 1961 5,016 4,985 31 1,571 1,558 13 238 235 3 1962 4,743 4,721 22 1,738 1,729 9 303 302 1 1963 4,637 4,619 18 1,856 1,843 13 355 353 2 1964 4,544 4,502 42 1,983 1,973 10 449 447 2 1965 4,801 4,767 34 2,311 2,296 15 576 573 3 1966 4,796 4,755 41 2,653 2,632 21 659 656 3 1967 5,159 5,111 48 2,645 2,622 23 785 780 5 1968 5,441 5,390 51 3,180 3,152 28 830 825 5 ._ 1969 6,161 6,085 76 3,286 3,235 51 978 973 5 1970 6,975 6,889 86 3,362 3,287 75 1,178 1,168 10 19 /1 8,301 8,207 94 3,658 3,589 69 1,129 1,120 9 1972 8,783 8,615 168 4,251 4,138 113 1,295 1,277 18 1973 1974 1975 9,644 9,500 144 4,879 4,749 130 1,304 1,267 37 8,644 .. 8,181 8,426 218 4,061 3,909 152 1,159 1,137 22 7,907 274 4,178 4,017 161 1,126 1,094 32 1976 7,887 7,428 459 4,228 3,999 229 943 913 30 19 /7 1978 1979 1980 8,493 7,950 543 5,099 4,826 273 927 897 30 9,496 8,690 806 5,269 4,965 304 891 873 18 11,323 10,121 1,202 5,041 4,663 378 859 819 40 .. _ 12,009 10,612 1,397 5,295 4,859 436 944 895 49 SOURCES National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education 47 48 Table 28. Mathematical/computer sciences degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 Year Bachelor's and first-professional Master's Doctor's Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1950 6,392 4,946 1,446 974 784 190 160 151 9 1951 5,753 4,311 1,442 1,109 929 180 184 175 9 1952 [ 4,721 3,389 1,332 802 663 139 206 195 11 1953 4,396 3,122 1,274 677 565 112 241 227 14 1954 4,090 2,722 1,368 706 579 127 227 213 14 1955 ... 4,034 2,724 1,310 761 613 148 250 239 11 1956 4,660 3.137 1,523 898 719 179 235 225 10 1957. 5,546 3,826 L 720 965 777 188 249 236 13 1958. . 6,924 4,953 1,971 1,234 994 240 247 232 15 1959 .... 9,019 6,504 2,515 1,499 1,188 311 282 267 15 1960 11,437 8,312 3,125 1,765 1,428 337 303 285 18 1961 .. 13.127 9,483 3,644 2,238 1,772 466 344 327 17 1962. . i 4,610 10,355 4,255 2,680 2,179 501 396 372 24 1963. 16,121 11,163 4,958 3,323 2.665 658 490 454 36 1964. 18.677 12.682 5,995 3,603 2,914 689 596 567 29 1965. . 19,668 13,215 6,453 4,294 3,482 812 688 628 60 1966 20,182 13,480 6,702 5,010 3,992 1,018 801 744 57 1967 21,530 14,196 7,334 5,733 4,423 1,310 870 810 60 1968 . . . 24.084 15,243 8,841 6,081 4,720 1,361 983 931 52 1969. . 28.263 17,915 10,348 6.735 5,169 1,566 1,161 1,091 70 1970. _... 1971 29,109 18,593 10.516 7,107 5,298 1,809 1,343 1,245 98 27.306 17,488 9,818 6,789 5,101 1,688 1,327 1,231 96 1972 . 27,250 17,466 9,784 7,186 5,409 1,777 1,295 1,194 101 _ 1973 1974 1975 27,528 17.543 9,985 7,146 5,416 1.730 1,264 1,147 117 t 26,570 23.385 16,851 14,729 9,719 7,116 5,323 1,793 1,229 1,188 1,120 1,064 109 8,656 7,678 6.637 4.871 1.766 1,690 124 117 128 1976. 1977 1978 + 1979 1980 21,749 14,071 6,466 4,776 1,100 983 20,729 13.241 7,488 6,496 4,730 1,766 1,717 1,039 1,001 -.- 911 862 814 - 837 19.925 - 20,670 L 22,686 12,815 13.249 14.439 i 7,110 6,421 4,704 139 152 127 7,421 6,101 4,469 1,632 966 8,247 6,515 4,715 1.800 964 SOURCES National Sciatica Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education 52 Table 29. Mathematics degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 Year Bachelor's and first-professional Master's Doctor's Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1950 6,392 4,946 1,446 974 784 190 160 151 9 1951 5,753 4,311 1,442 1,109 929 180 184 175 9 1952 ... 4,721 3,389 1,332 802 663 139 206 195 11 1953. . 4,396 3,122 1,274 677 565 112 241 227 14 1954 4,090 2,722 1,368 706 579 127 227 213 14 1955 1956 4,034 2,724 1,310 761 613 148 250 239 11 4,660 3,137 1,523 898 719 179 235 225 10 1957 1958 5,546 3,826 1,720 965 777 188 249 236 13 6,924 4,953 1,971 1,234 994 240 247 232 15 1959 9,019 6,504 2,515 1,499 1,188 311 282 267 15 1960 -tf . 11,437 8,312 3,125 1,765 1,428 337 303 285 18 1961 13,127 9,483 3,644 2,238 1.772 466 344 327 17 1962 14,610 10,355 4,255 2,680 2,179 501 396 372 24 1963 1964 1965. 1966 . 16.121 11,163 4,958 3,323 2.665 658 490 454 36 18,677 12,682 5,995 3,603 2,914 689 596 567 29 19,581 13,132 6,449 4,148 3,342 806 682 623 59 20,093 13,404 6,689 4,772 3.771 1,001 782 725 57 1967 1968 1969 . . 21.308 I 13,998 7.310 5,284 4,000 1.284 832 773 59 ! 23,625 14,839 8,786 5.533 4,202 1,331 947 895 52 27,330 17,103 10,227 5.723 4.230 1,493 1.097 1,029 68 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 27.565 17.248 10,317 5,648 3,974 1,674 1,236 1,140 96 -H- -i- 4- 24.918 15.424 9.494 5,201 3.677 1,524 1,199 1,106 93 23,848 14,525 9,323 5,209 -4-- 3,657 1,552 1,128 1.039 89 23,223 f- 21,813 .1- 18,346 : 13,878 9,345 5,033 3.528 1,505 1,500 1,428 1,068 966 102 12,874 8,939 - 10,646 7.700 4,840 4,338 3.340 2,910 1,031 975 931 100 865 110 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 16.085 ' + + , 14,303 4. -f- , 12,701 11,901 4- -1-- 11,473 I. +- 9,531 6,554 3.863 2.550 1,313 856 762 94 -0-- 8,354 5,949 3.698 i 2,398 2,233 1,300 823 714 109 7.455 5,246 3.383 t- 1.150 805 681 124 6,943 -1- 6,625 1 4,958 3,046 1,989 1.057 730 608 122 4,848 , 2,868 1 1,832 1,036 724 I 624 100 SOURCES National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics. Department of Education 5 3 Tabie 30. Computer and information sciences degrees by level and sex: 1965-801 Year Bachelor's and first-professional Master's Doctor's Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1965 87 83 4 146 140 6 6 5 1 1966 89 76 13 238 221 17 19 19 0 1967 222 198 24 449 423 26 38 37 1 1968 459 404 55 548 518 30 36 36 0 1969 933 812 121 1,012 939 73 64 62 2 1970 1,544 1,345 199 1,459 1,324 135 107 105 2 1971 2,388 2,064 324 1,588 1,424 164 128 125 3 1972 _ 3,402 2,941 461 1,977 1,752 225 167 155 12 1973 4,305 3,665 640 2,113 1,888 225 196 181 15 1974 4,757 3,977 780 2,276 1,983 293 198 189 9 1975 5,039 4,083 956 2,299 1,961 338 213 199 14 1976 5,664 4,540 1,124 2,603 2,226 377 244 221 23 1977 6,426 4,887 1,539 2,798 2,332 466 216 197 19 1978 7,224 5,360 1,864 3,038 2,471 567 196 181 15 1979 8,769 6,306 2,463 3,055 2,480 575 236 206 30 1980 11,213 7,814 3,399 3,647 2,883 764 240 213 27 'Degrees in compu sr and Information sciences no separately collected prior to 1965. SOURCES. National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics. Department of Education 50 Table 31. Life sciences degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 Year 1-- Bachelor's Total and first-professional Master's Doctor's Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1950 39,101 34,173 4,928 4,158 3,624 534 782 692 90 1951 32,271 28,018 4,253 4,417 3,890 527 1,041 926 115 1952. 25,231 21,426 3,805 4,184 3,717 467 1,141 1,012 129 1953 2.1,835 18,360 3,475 3,568 3,158 410 1,198 1,076 122 1954 21,584 18,079 3,505 3,007 2,649 358 1,298 1,174 124 1955. 19,927 16,677 3,250 3,090 2,657 433 1,505 1,398 107 1956 19,890 16,508 3,382 2,867 2,461 406 __. 1,404 1,281 123 1957 21,903 18,327 3,576 3,019 2,616 403 1,449 1,327 122,, 1958 1959 23,069 19,399 3,670 3,179 2,721 458 1,465 1,321 144 23,861 19,734 4,127 3,537 2,978. 561 1,427 1,307 120 1960 . 24,141 19,650 4,491 3,751 3,178 573 1,647 1,521 126 1961 . 23,900 19,078 4,822 4,085 3,415 670 1,646 1,502 144 1962 25,200 19,730 5,470 4,672 3,887 785 1,804 1,643 161 1963 . 27,801 21,627 6,174 4,718 3,824 894 1,908 1,724 184 1964. . . 31,611 24,398 7,213 5,357 4,273 1,084 2,181 1978 , 203 1965 . 34,842 26,565 8,277 5,978 4,816 1,162 2,474 2,228 246 1966. . 36,864 28,400 8,464 6,666 5,286 1,380 2,696 2,382 314 1967 . . 39,408 30,460 8,948 7,465 5,948 1,517 2,900 2,546 354 1968 43,260 33,169 10,091 8,315 6,451 1,864 3,445 2,993 452 1969 48,713 37,405 c. . 11,308 8,809 6,793 2016 , 3,779 3,295 484 1970 52,129 40,254, 11,875 8,590 8,320 6,374 6,130 t 2,216 2,190 4,131 4,534 3,632 499 1971 1972 51,461 39,658 11,803 3,910 624 53.484 40,790 12,694 8,914 6,587 2.327 4,478 3,831 '4 647 1973 19 74 1975 59,486 44,916 14,570 9,080 6,843 2,237 4,524 3,790 734 68.226 72,710 50,390 17,836 9,605 7,195 2,410 4,220 3,488 732 51,899 20,811 9,618 7207 , 2,411 4,252 3,470 782 1976 -4- 1977 19 /8 19 79 1980 77,301 78,472 77.138 + 75.085 71.617 'h 53.512 52,863 23,789 9.823 7.204 2,619 4203 , 3,412 791 25.609 10,707 10,711 7,696 4. 7,485 7,259 3,011 4.199 3,408 791 50,184 47,537 44.021 -1- 26.954 3,226 1- 3,460 4.179 3.307 872 27,548 10,719 4.403 3,429 974 1 27,596 10,278 6,952 3,326 4.495 3,445 1.050 SOURCES Netional Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education 4 51 52 Table 32. Agriculture and natural resources degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 Year Bachelor's and first-professional Master's Doctor's Total Men Women Total_ Men Women Total Men Women ____ 1950 14,999 14,837 162 1,505 1,492 13 368 364 4 1951 12,165 12,020 145 1,568 1,540 28 379 376 3 1952 9,595 9,451 144 1,608 1,578 30 412 402 10 1953 8,825 8,674 151 1,470 1,438 32 473 468 5 --i-- 1954 7,832 7,687 145 1,302 1,279 23 515 508 7 1955. 7,170 7.052 118 1,364 1,336 28 507 499 8 1956 6,117 6,002 115 1,038 1,021 17 379 373 6 1957 1958 4- 1959 A--- 6.619 6,465 154 1,122 1,103 19 341 331 10 6,769 r 6,767 6,677 92 1,104 1,089 15 340 334 6 6,692 75 1,183 1,166 17 376 368 8 1960 6,335 6,242 93 1,203 1,190 13 440 433 7 1961 5.717 5.647 70 1.241 1,212 29 450 443 7 1962 -I- 1963 1964 6.894 5.804 90 1.357 1,321 36 465 463 2 6,063 . 5.951 112 1,261 1,232 29 449 441 8 _ _ 6,194 6,069 125 1,344 1,302 42 555 545 10 1965 - 1966 6,770 6,600 170 1,366 1.330 L 1,594 36 72 529 588 516 581 13 7 7,196 7.042 154 1.666 1967 1968 1969 7,889 , 7.712 t- 8.328 ! 8,060 4- - 9.995 9,594 177 268 1,761 1,807 1,687 74 637 625 12 1,730 77 648 636 12 401 2,073 1.974 99 699 687 12 1970 19 /1 1972 + 1973 1974 , t 1975 1976 . 1977 19 /8 L 1979 1980 11,369 *- 11,531 4- 12.488 10,872 497 1,807 1,686 121 823 795 28 11.003 528 4-- 2,040 1,910 130 874 846 28 11,761 727 2,280 2,102 178 805 783 22 13,838 t 15 125 t 16.531 , 12,751 1.087 2,391 2.188 203 869 848 21 13.586 14.103 -4- 1.539 1 2,428 2,524 2,258 266 338 765 736 29 2.687 2,349 832 801 31 18,289 -4 20.199 21,027 i 21.631 21,121 L 14,798 --I-- 15,538 3,491 2.884 2,458 426 768 714 54 4,661 + 3.239 2,740 4 499 753 699 54 15.610 4- 15,540 5 417 3,484 2.790 694 , 810 755 55 6,091 3,499 2.749 750 804 743 61 14,616 6.505 1 3,424 2,627 797 827 729 98 SOURCES National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics. Department of Education Table 33. Biological sciences degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 Year Bachelor's and first-professional Master's Doctor's Total Men Women Total Men Women Toial Men Women 1950 24,102 20,106 19,336 4,766 2,653 2.132 521 665 574 91 1951. 15,998 4,108 2,849 2,350 499 813 714 99 1952. 1953. 1954 . . 15,636 11,975 3,661 2.576 2,139 437 775 691 84 13,010 9,686 3,324 2,098 1,720 378 970 852 118 13,752 10,392 3,360 1,705 1.370 335 1,113 1,009 104 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959. 1960 12,757 9,625 3,132 1,726 1,321 405 998 899 99 13,773 10,506 3,267 1,829 1.440 389 1,025 908 117 , 15,284 11,862 3,422 1,897 1.513 384 1,108 996 112 -I' . 16,300 12,722 3,578 2,075 1,632 443 1,125 987 138 i 17,094 i 17,806 13,042 4,052 2,354 1,810 544 1,051 939 112 13,408 4,398 2,548 t 1.988 560 1,207 1,088 119 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 . . -1 --I-- 4-- 18.183 13,431 4,752 2,844 2.203 , 641 1,196 1,056 140 i 19,306 13,926 5,380 3,315 2,566 749 1,339 1 ,180 159 t 21,738 + 15,676 6,062 3.457 2,592 865 1,459 1.283 176 , 25A17 18,329 7.088 4,013 2,971 1,042 1,626 1,433 193 --- 28.072 i-- 19.965 8,107 4,612 3.486 1.126 1945 , 1 712 233 , 29.668 21,358 8,310 5.000 , 3,692 *- 1.308 2,108 1,801 307 1967 1968 1969 1- . 31,519 + I 34,932 38,718 22,748 t 25.109 -1- I 27,811 8.771 9,823 5,704 4 6,508 4.261 4,721 4-- 4,819 4- 1.443 2,263 1,921 342 1,787 1,917 2,797 2.357 440 -1 10.907 6,736 3.080 2.608 472 1970 1 ril l 1972 / 973 1974 -4- --.__ ' 40,760 29,382 11,378 t--- 6.783 + 4- --I-- .1- 4.688 2.095 --1-- 3.308 2.837 471 39.930 44 1- 40,996 28,655 , 11,275 I 6,280 4.220 1 2.060 2,149 3,660 3.064 596 29,029 11,967 6,634 4.485 t 3.673 3,048 625 45,648 53 101 / 32.165 13.483 6.689 , -- 4,655 !I 2,034 4.937 : 2.144 4' . _- 3,655 3,455 - .-- 2.942 713 36,804 16.297 .., ...... 7,081 I- ,. . 2.752 703 1976 1977 --1 : 59,012 ! 38.714 20.298 6,939 4.746 _ . .4- +- ,! + 58.273 37.325 20.948 7.468 4.956 t- 56.111 ! 34.574 21.537 7.227 4,695 + t -t--. 4- 53.454 ! 31,997 : 21.457 1 7.220 4,510 4 f + !- + : 50.496 29.405 1 21.091 ; 6,854 ! 4.325 , 4- 2,193 3.435 2,698 737 -+ r 2,512 3,446 2,709 737 a- 2.532 3,369 4- 2,552 817 :1- 913 2.710 1 3.599 2,686 2,529 1- 3.668 2.716 1f 952 SOURCES National Science Foundlition and National Center for Education Statistk.s. Department of Education Table 34. Social sciences degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 Year Bachelor's and first-professional Master's Doctor's Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1950, .. 39,469 29,540 9,929 3,784 2,932 852 782 692 926 90 115 1951 32.164 23,231 8,933 3,988 3,218 770 1,041 1952 27.765 18,985 8,780 3,413 2,734 679 1,141 1,012 129 1953 25,308 17,303 8,005 3,026 2,435 591 1,198 1,076 122 1954 24,493 16.434 8,059 3,108 2,433 675 1,298 1,174 124 1955 ... 23,835 16,061 7,774 , 3,110 2,348 762 1,369 1,237 132 1956 25.186 17,194 7,992 2,917 2,303 614 1,411 1,263 148 1957 1958 1959 1960 26,915 18,614 8,301 3,284 2,539 745 1,265 1,127 138 . 29,050 20,548 8,502 3,605 2,815 790 1,339 1,190 149 30.328 21,530 8,798 3,714 2,904 810 1,400 1,229 171 31,494 21,909 9,585 3,950 3,139 811 1,482 1,309 173 1961 1962. I--- . . ---i --1- -1-- 33,267 .---; 23,280 9,987 4.486 3,531 955 1,607 1,395 212 37.030 25,541 11,489 4,956 3.855 1,101 1,720 1,495 225 1963 1964 1965 42,308 28,709 13,599 5,559 4,377 1,182 1,899 1,652 247 50,320 33.664 16,656 5,917 4,567 1,350 2,100 1,820 280 1 1 4- 55.715 36.903 18,812 6,589 5,038 1,551 2,137 1,871 266 1966 63,424 41,587 21,837 7,737 5,857 1,880 2,452 2,088 364 1967 1968 1969 72,929 1- 87.774 ! + -1.- 104,399 1 -+- i t 47,795 25,134 9,305 10,333 7,046 2,259 2,913 2,487 426 56,128 31,646 7,780 2,553 3,175 2,675 500 66,124 38,275 11,727 8,776 2,951 3.663 3,060 603 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 if)79 v480 , + ! 4- , + ; + 4- 116,561 j 73.381 43,180 12,076 8,543 3,533 4,171 3.501 670 125,473 + 1 133,604 77,477 82,060 47,996 51.544 12,782 9,042 3,740 4.560 3,749 811 14,358 10,074 4,284 4,832 3.968 864 140,579 I 145.449 !' 137.864 1 1 84.996 55,583 14,976 10.318 4,658 5.234 4.135 1,099 85,453 59.996 78,687 59,177 15.974 16,333 10.881 10,749 5.093 5.584 5.449 5.565 4.186 1.263 4.203 4.208 1,362 132,451 t 125,143 120,518 i 115.787 ; 114,779 1 73,903 t 67,424 63,006 + 58,670 58,548 16,803 -, 10,454 6,359 5,717 1,509 57,719 57.512 17,294 10,537 16,514 , 9.584 1 + 6,757 6,930 5,756 t 5,437 4,111 1,645 3.778 1,659 57,117 15,979 9,013 6,966 + 5,373 3.622 3,526 1.751 56,313 i 58.466 15.519 8.427 7.092 - 5,410 1.884 SOURCES National Science Foundation and National Center tor Education Statistics. Department of Education Table 35. Psychology degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 Year Bachelor's and first-professional Master's Doctor's Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1950 9,582 6,058 3,524 1,316 948 368 283 241 42 1951 7,819 4,836 2,983 1,645 1,250 395 425 368 57 1952. . . 6,622 3,783 2,839 1,406 1,066 340 540 467 73 1953 . 5,946 3,330 2,616 1,161 896 265 583 504 79 1954 \ 5,758 3,085 2,673 1,254 885 369 619 553 66 1955 5,532 3,009 2,523 1,293 876 417 688 604 84 1956 5,665 3,108 2,557 973 690 283 634 548 86 1957 1958 6,191 3,525 2,666 1,095 763 332 550 460 90 . 6,930 4,063 2,867 1 .235 836 399 572 488 84 1959 . 7,383 4,477 2,906 1.254 857 397 635 537 98 1960 8,111 4,785 3,326 1,406 981 425 641 544 97 1961 . 8,524 5,093 3,431 1,719 1.176 543 703 567 136 1962. 1963 1964 1965 1966 9,638 5,817 3,821 1,832 1.269 563 781 632 149 11,062 6,505 4,557 1,918 1.345 573 844 700 144 . 13,359 7,843 5,516 2,059 1,371 688 939 757 182 14,721 8,688 6,033 2,241 1,509 732 847 688 159 17.022 10,041 6,981 2,530 1,680 850 1.046 826 220 1967 1968 1969 . 19.496 11,690 7,806 3,138 3.482 2.076 1,062 1,231 999 232 4 23,972 13,828 10,144 2,323 2,686 1,159 1.327 1,268 982 286 29,495 16,776 12,719 4,013 1,551 1,195 356 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1979 1980 + +- 4 33,854 19,113 14,741 4.120 2,554 1,566 1,668 1,296 372 +- 38,154 21,117 17,037 1 4,438 2.787 1.651 2,033 1.782 1.355 427 43,421 23,267 20,154 5,293 3,26C 1.881 1,414 467 48,096 52,256 51.436 25.110 22,986 5.882 3,515 2,367 2,630 11 + 3,045 , 3,671 --I- 4,004 t 4,263 1- 4.343 2,089 2,339 t _ 2,442 1,484 -1-1 1,648 1,688 605 t 25.849 t 24,333 i -f- 26,407 _ 27,103 27,376 6.616 1 3.986 7,104 4,059 t t 7.859 4.188 691 1- 754 --,- t 50.363 +- 1- 47.794 4- 45.057 43,012 42.513 . 22,987 20.692 - 18,517 16,649 15.590 , 2,581 1,762 4 t 819 991 --4- -4- 1t -4-- 1, 27,102 26.540 -f- 8,320 8,194 4,316 3,931 3,688 2.761 2,597 1,770 7 4 L626 4 971 26.363 26,923 8.031 2,674 1,603 t L 2,775 1.604 1,071 7,861 1 3,397 4.464 t 1,171 SOURCES National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics Department of Education 59 55 Table 36. Economics degrees by level and sex:1950-80 Year 7 Bache lore and first-professional Master's Doctore Total j Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1950. 14,573 13,471 1,102 921 807 114 200 191 9 1951 10,484 9,579 905 809 738 71 236 219 17 1952 8.595 7,520 1,075 695 612 83 239 223 16 1953 -4-- 1954 . 7,313 6,545 768 582 521 61 222 214 8 6,728 5,938 --4 790 609 547 62 245 233 12 1955. . 6,364 5,678 686 617 539 78 241 232 9 1956 /- 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 4- 1964 1965 1966 1967 1%8 1969 1970 6,584 5,908 676 581 525 56 232 221 11 6,878 6,214 664 606 556 50 236 227 9 + 7,514 7,723 4 7,488 4- 7.939 6,909 605 669 599 --t- 70 239 234 5 7,079 6,816 644 664 604 60 221 211 10 672 708 650 58 237 223 14 -4- 7,313 1-- 7,645 626 820 753 67 266 253 13 - -o- 8.405 760 853 764 --4- --t- 89 268 4- 253 15 -,- 9,399 , 10,607 4- -- -4 10.895 11.585 13,058 15,296 16,907 17.258 8,485 914 1,029 947 82 331 311 20 t- -1-- 1 9,539 , 1,068 1,111 ,' 1.013 98 385 + 368 17 41 --4 9,856 1,039 -i- 1,268 1,118 -I- 4- 150 410 393 , 17 4- 10,447 11.727 13,666 15.108 15.381 1,138 . 1,331 + ; 1,630 t -i- 1,799 -+-- 1,528 -I- 1,778 t 1.921 2,113 1,359 -o-- 169 458 436 22 1.610 1,724 4 1,871 168 197 242 247 546 509 + , 37 t 35 i 1 43 t 600 + 565 1 1 634 591 1,877 1,990 1,743 _._ 4- 794 . -_ -4 742 - -4- + 52 1971 15.958 14.046 1,912 . 1,997 , 1,735 262 . t- - 4- 1972 15.336 13,519 4- 1,817 ' 2,225 : 1,941 284 1973 . 14 867 4 12 808 1.948 -+ 283 1 2.059 + 1- 2.231 4. + t- 4. Ir_414 14 418 12.297 2.121 I 2.145 1,842 303 . . 1975 14,118 11,679 2.439 2,133 1,808 325 4 ._ t . 1976 14.854 11.940 ; 2.914 2,093 1.759 334 + . . 1 177 15.342 : 11.815 3,527 . 2.166 1 , 783 383 t 4. 4- I ,4 if-3 15.746 , 11,813 3.933 1,997 1.601 396 -4- + 16.534 11,979 4.555 - 1,960 1.568 ' 392 -1- ,colo 1 7 954 12,524 5.430 i 1,823 I 4. 1,441 , o. 382 SOURCES National Science foundation and National Center for Education Statistics. Department of Education 56 721 794 845 668 53 734 ; 60 793 52 713 75 73 815 742 763 682 81 -t 758 672 86 ! 706 626 80 -1 I 712 619 93 f + I 677 i 575 L 102 Table 37. Political science and government degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 Year Bachelor's and first-professional Master's Doctor's Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1 950 6,346 5,366 980 710 597 113 127 117 10 1951 5,582 4,698 884 657 567 90 152 143 9 1952 4,925 4,016 909 525 449 76 147 135 12 1953 5,086 4,112 974 509 433 76 164 152 12 1954 . . 5,332 4,314 1,018 534 455 79 153 143 10 1955 5,500 4,415 1,085 498 414 84 181 171 10 1956 5,670 4,561 1,109 509 434 75 203 188 15 1957 5,874 4,765 1,109 535 467 68 156 149 7 1958 6,167 5,031 1,136 665 585 80 170 164 6 1959 6,387 5,223 1,164 649 539 110 191 176 15 1960 6,657 5,401 1,256 722 593 129 201 184 17 1961 7,149 5,704 1,445 764 652 112 217 204 13 t 1962. I 8,390 6,481 1,909 839 663 176 214 202 12 1-- 1963 10,138 7,835 2,303 1,051 867 184 228 215 13 +- 12.206 9,468 2,738 1,163 940 223 263 242 21 1964 4-. 13,693 10,655 3,038 1.210 980 230 304 278 26 1965 .. t 1966 4._ 15,375 11,994 3,381 1,429 1,152 277 336 307 29 1967 17,733 13,813 3,920 1,775 1,388 387 390 352 38 .4 _- 378 457 405 52 1968 20.522 I 16,056 4,466 1,937 1.559 t- 4- t 1969 i 23,920 18,951 4,969 2,108 1,703 405 467 418 49 -4- 25,856 20,698 5.158 2,105 1,663 442 525 469 56 1970 -4- 1971 27.636 22.072 5.564 2,318 1,839 479 700 615 85 -4- -I. - i- 4 - -- 2,451 1972 28.317 22.979 5,338 1.949 502 758 678 80 1973 30.246 , 24,327 5,919 2,399 1919 , 480 747 652 95 4 4- ---4 4 1974 30,932 24,733 6,199 ! 2,448 1.992 456 766 655 111 ' 4- .1_ 1975 29.314 22,704 6.610 1 2,333 1.857 476 680 569 111 I- , t 1976 28,515 21,310 7.205 , 2,192 1.719 473 723 602 121 4. . 4- 4- 1977 26.576 19,079 7,497 2,223 1,719 504 641 541 100 + t f 4_ 119 26.245 : 18,077 8,168 ' 2.070 1,523 547 1 636 517 4_ t 4- I 979 25.817 17.197 8.620 1 2.038 1,480 558 563 464 99 I 25.658 16,446 ' 9.212 1938 . ; 1,423 J. 515 , . I . _. L. 4 SOURCES National Sclenco Foundation and National Confer for Education Statistics, Department of Education 61 535 428 107 57 Table 38. Sociology degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 Year Bachelor's and first-professional Master's Doctor's Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1950 . . 7.887 3,848 4,039 552 373 179 98 80 18 1951 7,320 3,395 3,925 584 422 162 129 111 18 1952 6,697 2,986 3,711 517 386 131 141 121 20 1953 6,102 2,655 3,447 504 365 139 157 145 12 1954 , 5,702 2,387 3,315 440 323 117 184 156 28 1955 5,533 2,333 3,200 474 348 126 167 147 20 1956 5,916 2,553 3,363 402 275 127 170 141 29 1957 6,383 2,852 3.531 515 292 223 134 118 16 1958 6,583 2,977 3,606 397 258 139 150 122 28 1959. 1- 6,877 3,127 3.750 461 321 140 157 141 16 1960 7,182 3.171 4,011 440 327 113 161 135 26 _ 1961 , 7,519 3,411 4,108 504 362 142 184 152 32 1962 t-- 8,183 3,629 4,554 578 422 156 173 147 26 1963 -I-- 1 9,055 3.785 5,270 684 487 197 208 177 31 1964 1 11,053 4,466 6,587 646 466 180 198 169 29 -4 1 1965 . ; 12.896 5,123 7,773 789 543 246 230 194 36 4- 1966 15,203 6.139 9,064 981 680 301 244 208 36 1967 17,751 7,163 10.588 1,193 837 356 327 268 59 4- t 790 403 367 299 68 1968 22,062 8,577 13,485 1.193 , 1- 1969 26.555 10,342 16,213 1,656 1,125 531 430 344 86 1970 . 30.848 12,445 18,403 1,816 1,139 677 534 430 104 . 1911 , 33.662 13,703 19,959 1,809 1,132 677 574 455 119 --4 4- t 1,945 1.191 636 500 136 1972 35.626 15.332 20,294 754 1973 35,994 15.745 20,249 1,923 1,146 777 583 429 154 1914 35.896 15,314 20.582 2.196 1,327 869 632 455 177 ,. + 1975 31.817 13.330 18,487 2.112 i 1.304 808 693 484 209 t 1976 27.970 I 11,379 16.591 2,010 1,166 844 729 511 218 4- -+- -4-- ±- 1.830 1.018 - t 234 1977 , 24.989 1 9.802 t 15,187 ; t 812 714 480 22,991 ; 8,423 14,568 1,611 878 733 I 599 376 223 1- 4- +- t 221 1,319 20,545 7,155 13,390 1.415 745 670 612 391 1980 19.164 6,383 12.781 1t ± 1,341 , 667 ..1. 674 t 583 _i_ 4- + 355 _.J. 228 SOURCES National Science FoundaHon and National Center for Education Statistics. Department of Education 58 62 Table 39. Other social sciences degrees by level and sex: 1950-80 Year Bachelor's and first-professional Master's Doctor's Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 1950 . 1,081 797 284 285 207 78 74 63 11 1951 959 723 236 293 241 52 99 85 14 1952. 926 680 246 270 221 49 74 66 8 1953 861 661 200 270 220 50 72 61 11 1954_ 973 710 263 271 223 48 97 89 8 1955. 906 626 280 228 171 57 92 83 9 1956 1.351 1,064 287 452 379 73 172 165 7 1957 1,589 1,258 331 533 461 72 189 173 16 1958 1959 1. 1960 -t- 1961 + 1,856 1,568 288 639 537 102 208 182 26 1,958 2,056 1,624 334 686 583 103 196 164 32 1,736 320 674 588 86 242 223 19 2,136 1,759 377 679 588 91 237 219 18 1962 -4-- 1963 't- 1964 .4-- 1 1965 ' 1966 2.414 1,969 445 854 737 117 284 261 23 2,654 2,099 555 877 731 146 288 249 39 3,095 2,348 747 938 777 161 I 315 284 31 3.510 2,581 929 1,081 888 193 346 318 28 4.239 2,966 1.273 1,269 986 283 368 311 57 -1-- 1967 1 + 1969 t 1969 1970 1971 1 9 72_ 1 973 . 1(174 -175 1976 117; 4.891 3,402 1,489 - +- I-- 5.922 4,001 1,921 4-. t- 7,522 4,947 2,575 1,421 1,135 286 419 359 60 1,800 1,837 1,384 1.391 416 483 424 59 446 581 512 69 8,745 5,744 7 3.001 2.045 1,444 601 650 564 86 10,063 10.904 11.376 + 11.947 1 1 1 r'' 10.749 . 10 442 6.539 6.963 7,006 3.524 2,220 1,549 1,733 671 t 711 783 656 127 , 3.941 2,444 763 642 121 I 4,370 2,541 1.790 ..4- 1,734 ± 1,721 1,622 1,701 751 835 930 1,027 _,.. 1.054 , 970 777 193 -I ---4 7.260 ! 4,687 I 2,569 + -4- 4 6.641 4,538 2.651 6.287 4,462 , 2,649 *- t 6.036 4,406 2.755 924 935 921 882 1 -4.- 1- 715 720 , 209 f 215 651 648 t 270 234 rifi() SOURCES -t- t 10.4 70 6,176 4.303 2,642 1.651 991 . * 4 *-- 9.879 5.690 4.189 2.535 ! 1.532 1,003 . . 1- -4 9.490 5,370 4.120 , 2.556 ; 1.499 , 1.057 . . - National Science Foundation and National Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education 4 t 1t I 899 812 840 633 545 564 266 267 276 6 3 59 60 Table 40. Science/engineering baccalaureate and first-professional degrees per thousand 22-year-olds in the U.S. population: 1950-80 Year Total Men Women 22-year- olds (thou- sands) Degrees Degrees per thousand 22-year- olds (thou- sands) Degrees Degrees per thousand 22-year- olds (thou- sands) Degrees Degrees per thousand 1950 2.325 154,933 67 1,151 136,718 119 1,173 18,215 16 1951 2,258 125,957 56 _ 1,119 109,822 98 1 ,139 16,135 14 1952. . . 2,255 100,411 I 45 1,123 85,102 76 1,131 15,309 14 1953 2,224 86,142 39 . 1,112 72,074 65 1,112 14,068 13 1954 1955 -., 1 956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 _4 1965 1966 1967 4- 1968 1969 --+ 1970 1971 1972 2,140 82,376 38 1,065 68,106 64 1,075 14,270 13 2,066 80,901 39 1 ,027 67,123 65 1,039 13,778 13 2045,'- 2.151 2.129 4 2.138 2,239 87,720 43 1,019 73,246 72 -i- I 1,026 14,474 14 98,509 46 108,727 ± 51 7± 116.802 , 55 1,074 1,061 1,062 83.218 92,806 77 87 1,077 15,291 14 1,067 15,921 i 15 99,475 94 1,076 17,327 16 120,937 54 1,119 101.575 -4-- , 101 n65 91 89 «.. 90 t 88 92 86 + ,' 95 + , , 103 ; 115 96 1 , 111 + 113 116 1 I 1,120 19,362 17 j 18 ; 21 + -I-- 2,277 2.323 4- 2.465 2,618 2,974 4- 2.814 2.777 _ -4. 2.747 + 3,761 3.491 3.494 3 485 121,660 53 4- 1- 127.469 55 4- 4- 135,964 55 -'-- 1,136 1" , 1.160 jt 1,235 1,141 1,163 1 20,5°5 -4.- 23,485 4-- , 103,984 , ; 108.865 t ! 120,888 -4-- : 128,723 t 133,989 4 i 143,847 -t- 158.711 , 181,323 195,244 198,180 203,557 1,231 1,30i 27,099 ,i 22 4-- 153,361 59 1,312 4- 4- ---«- -1-- 164,936 55 1,493 1- 173,471 i 62 1,411 + + 187.849 68 1,393 -+- - 212,174 77 1,378 t- --+- -, 244,519 65 1.8N1 t 4-- 4- 264.122 76 ; 1,7t..6 - -t -4- -L. 1 271 .176 78 . 1,752 4 4 -+ 281.228 81 1,748 32,473 1 25 24 1,481 36,213 1.403 39,482 28 32 1-1 39 1,384 1,369 1,867 1,735 1,743 1.737 -i--- 44,002 53,463 T 1 63,196 68,878 j- 72,996 77,671 34 , 40 42 45 1973 1974 1975 3,615 295.391 « 82 1, 1 1 , 116 3.704 305.062 82 1.864 213,269 114 3,7% 294.920 78 1.909 201,578 106 3.890 292,174 75 1,955 196,577 101 + 4- 3,961 288.543 73 1,993 191.090 96 4- - 4- a - ..t +- 4.012 288,167 : 72 . 2,018 188.107 93 « --« « 4.156 288.625 . 69 2.093 186.333 1 89 « « « + 4.168 .: 291.983 70 2.095 186,009 1 « 89 1, 1.840 1,887 83.839 + 91,793 50 -« 93.342 1 49 4- L936 95.597 ; 49 t- 1,969 97.453 49 t -t- a 1.994 100,060 50 4-- «- , 2.064 102.292 50 I 2.073 105,974 51 SOURCES National Science Foundation, National Center for Education Statistics. Department of Education, and Bureau of the Census, Department of Commerce 6 4 Table 41. Science/engineering master's degrees per thousand 24-year-olds in the U.S. population: 1950-80 Year Total Men Women 24-year- olds (thou- sands) Degrees Degrees per thousand 24-year- olds (thou- sands) Degrees Degrees per thousand 24-year- olds (thou- sands) Degrees Degrees per thousand 1950. 2,413 16,596 6.9 1,191 14,740 12.4 1,222 1,856 1.5 1951 2,397 17,539 7.3 1,188 15,826 13,3 1,210 1,713 1.4 1952. 2,389 15,544 6.5 1,186 14,017 11.8 1,203 1,527 1.3 1953. 2,313 13,548 5.9 1,148 12,258 10.7 1,166 1,290 1.1 1954 2,305 13,399 5.8 1,150 12.047 10,5 1,155 1,352 1.2 1955 2,272 13,989 6.2 1,139 12,426 10.9 1,134 1,563 1.4 1956 2,187 14,061 6.4 1,091 12,623 11.6 1,096 1,438 1.3 1957 2,109 15,205 7,2 1,051 13,632 13.0 1,058 1,573 1.5 t 1958 2.081 16,840 8.1 1.038 15,061 14.5 1,042 1,779 1.7 1959 - 2.182 18,682 8.6 1.092 16,706 15.3 1,091 1,976 1.8 1960 . 2,160 20.012 9.3 1,079 17.938 16.6 1,081 2.074 1.9 4- 1961. 2,191 + 22.786 10.4 1,093 20.322 18.6 1.098 2.464 2.2 2.270 25.146 11.1 L130 22.334 19.8 1,140 2.812 2.5 1962. -h- 2.310 27,367 11.8 1,147 24.173 21.1 1.163 3,194 2.7 1963 . +- 2.359 30.271 12.8 1,171 26.704 22.8 1.188 3.567 3.0 1964. . . , -I- 2.506 33.835 13.5 1,248 29.753 23.8 1258 4.082 3.2 I 965. . , f 1 966 , 2.664 4 38.083 14.3 1,328 33,201 25.0 1,336 4.882 3.7 L516 i 5.717 3.8 1967 3.023 41.800 13.8 1,507 36.083 23.9 1968 . 1 2.861 45,425 15.9 1.422 38.913 27 4 I 1.439 6.512 4.5 4: +-- +- --+ t- 1969 ; 2,824 48,425 17.1 1,403 I 41,111 , 29 3 1.421 I 7.314 5.1 A- i 1970 2,779 I 49.318 17 7 1,387 ! 40,741 , 29.3 1 1,392 8.577 6.2 + -+- 1- 1- 1 1972 1979 1974 1975 19/7 1978 1979 1980 5 . , 3.548 53.567 15 1 1,767 44,010 24 9 1, /80 9.557 r 3,553 54.234 15 3 1.766 44.474 25 2 1,787 9,760 t- .- +- 3.542 54.175 15 3 1,761 ! 43.630 ! 24 8 1 780 10.545 , +- 3.674 53.852 1 4 7 1.832 42.847 23 4 1,842 11.005 + f 1,- 3, 765 ! 54,747 14 5 1,879 : 42,675 22 7 1,886 12.072 -1- t 3.856 56.731 14 7 1,923 43,577 22 7 1. 1,933 13,154 3.953 I. ! 56,237 14 2 1,969 ! 1- 42,547 ! 21 6 i- 1.984 13.690 4.027 54.456 13 5 f, ! * 2,008 1 40,416 f- 1 20 1 4. 2,019 14.040 4.080 ! 54.391 13 3 1 i. 2.033 I --_-___ .. t 40.008 19 7 2.047 14.383 I 5.4 5.5 5 9 6.0 6.4 1- 6.8 6.9 7 0 , 7.0 SOURCES National Science Foundation. National Center for Education Statistics. Department of Education. and Bureau of the Census. Department of Commerce 65 62. Table 42. Science/engineering doctor's degrees per thousand 30-year-olds in the U.S. population: 1950-80 Year T Total Men Women 30-year- olds (thou- sands) Degrees Degrees per thousand 30-year- olds (thou- sands) Degrees Degrees per thousand 30-year- olds (thou- sands) Degrees Degrees per thousand 1950.. . 2,416 3,890 1.6 1,186 3,646 3.1 1,230 244 0.2 1951 2,502 4,618 1.8 1,227 4,327 3.5 1,274 291 .2 1952 2,531 4,783 1.9 1,242 4,489 3.6 1,289 294 .2 1953. 2,448 5,114 2.1 1,198 4,792 4.0 1,250 322 .3 1954 2,482 5,433 2.2 1,218 5,123 4.2 1,264 310 .2 1955 1956 . 2,470 5,436 2.2 1,213 5,134 4.2 1,257 302 .2 2,414 5,327 2.2 1,187 4,978 4.2 1,227 349 .3 1957 . 2,399 5,233 2.2 1,182 4,888 4.1 1,217 345 .3 1958. . 2,388 5,353 2.2 1,177 4,975 4.2 1,211 378 .3 1959. . 2,315 5,635 2.4 1,139 5.259 4.6 1,176 376 .3 1960 2,311 6,056 2.6 1,142 5,674 5.0 1,169 382 .3 -4-- 1961 . 2,293 6,531 2.8 1,136 6,082 5.4 1,157 449 4 t- 1962. 2,266 4 7,249 3.2 1,126 6,748 6.0 1,139 501 4 1963 2,222 8,055 3.6 1,105 7,482 6.8 1,117 573 .5 1964. 2,187 9,025 4.1 1.086 8,393 7.7 1,101 632 .6 1965 1966 2.260 10,252 4.5 1,121 9,543 8.5 1,139 709 6 2,274 11,298 5.0 1,128 10,423 9.2 1,146 875 .8 1967. 2,311 12,759 5.5 1,144 11,746 10.3 1,167 1,013 .9 196, -1-- 1969 ; 2.398 14,128 5.9 1,186 12,924 10.9 1,213 1,204 1.0 2.444 15,839 6.5 1,207 14,464 12.0 1,237 1,375 1.1 1970.. . 1 2.486 17,639 7.1 1,231 16,112 13.1 1,255 1,527 1.2 1971 2,627 ,- 1972 : 2.789 18,466 I 7.0 1,303 16,666 12.8 1,324 1,800 1.4 18.412 6 6 1,384 16,502 11 9 1,405 1,910 1.4 +--- 1973. 3,167 18,598 5.9 1,572 16.310 10.4 1,594 2,288 1.4 I 1974 2.995 17,865 6.0 1,484 15,453 10.4 1,511 2,412 1.6 1975 1976 i- 1977. l' -I-- 1978 1979 , 1-" 1_980 2,952 17,784 6.0 1,464 15,147 10.3 1,487 2,637 1.8 2.896 17,288 6.0 1,442 14,502 10 1 1,454 2,786 1.9 3.970 16,937 4.3 1,981 - 13.979 7.1 1,989 2,958 1.5 3,690 16,196 4.4 1,836 13,157 7.2 1,854 3,039 1.6 3.697 16,363 4.4 1,834 13,053 7.1 7.1 1,863 3,310 1.8 3,685 16,483 4.5 1,832 12,940 1,853 3,543 1.9 SOURCES National Science Foundation. Motional Center for Education Statistics, Department of Education, and Bureau of the Consus, Department of Commerce 66 ci appendix technical notes H appendix technical notes degiee data fhe degree data used in this publication were collected <lnd published by N( LS, U.S. Department of Education, and its predecessors. Degree data are currendy collected as a part of the N( LS Higher Education General Information Survey (HU:1.(3 ). -Hie following desc ribes Ow degree levek and fields of study used in that survey. DEGREE LEVELS fiat helor s degrees require successf ul completion of at least 4 but not !Imre than 5 years of academic work beyond high school. f irst- prof essional degrees (11 signify completion of due ,1Cadernic requitement, to begin prac tice in the protes5,ion, 12) are based on program whn h requires at least 2. years of 'lege prior to entram e, and (31 requrre a total of at least h academic years of ollege. in( hiding prior required college work plus the length of the profssional MIR 1111.111l . dcgrees requIre stir essful completion of at least 1 year and sometim(, 2 years -ot 1Nork beyond the bachelor , clegrce I )(n hir dug! Int hide stir Ii earned degrees as Doc tor of clot dmin I )(tt tot tit fut idtt uiu Dot tor of Public I ledIth, rIlld I )()( !ill tit PhIltv,orhy wh, t).1 in any twILI. FIELDS OF STUDY In the t ',Met non ot data tor the years 1,070- 71 (10711 through N( I .) titl «m,-,i,,tent survey del initions and laskit it anon, based on the I WM dellIlititML, deL,L ribed n A I ax 111,41'llt tional Pmgrams in I liglwr I dm anon, Natirmal enter tor I thlt dnon I)epartment of I.du- r anon. and 1,N;e11 ore, OE. -;Ocloi. INIlere appropriate, the NC E.S ,lata liar bcon IlIJ i ordmg to NSF Field uti'girii. Iiui I held r Itygmlt,, used in this public anon ar( outlined below tel mt. to the N( I S dist rplines drld OdeL,, PHYSICAL SCIENCES Physics 1)02 Physics, genera I (exclude biophysics) 1003 Molecular physic's 100.-1 Ntic War physics Chemistry 1003 loO0 loO7 1006 1000 to l 0 C hemistry, general (exc luck, birn hemistry) Inorganic c hernistry Organic chemistry Physir al chemistry Anativtic al c hemistry Pharmaceutical c hemistry Geological sciences lol 1 Geology (;co( lutmuktry lO l i G001)111,,,it and seismology Other physical sciences Physir al sr ipm es, general A,tronomy Astrophysir Atmospheric sr iem es and meteorology lar th ieni es. general Paleontology vanography Metallti rv Uthui ENGINEERING Aeronautical and astronautical 0002 Am-011,111h( al and astronauhr al 65 Chemical engineering 0.400 Chemical engineering (including petroleum refining) Civil, construction, and transportation engineering 0908 Civil. construction, and transportation engineering Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering 0000 Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering Industrial and management engineering 0013 Industrial and management engineering Mechanical engineering 0010 Mechnkal engineering Other engineering 0001 01)03 0004 000.5 0007 0011 01) 2. 0014 0015 001, oot 7 0018 01) ft) 00 "0 002- I 00 I 00 '3 . 0014 0000 100 Engineering, general Agricultural engineering Architectural engineering Bioengineering and biomedical engineering Petroleum engineering (exclude petroleum refining) eologic al engineering icophysic al engineering Metallurgic al engineering Ma teriak engineering eramic engineeering I ex tile engineering Mining and mineral engineering Engineering physics Nu( lea r engineering [ngineering nie( hanic nv iron men tal and sanitary engineering Naval an hitec tu re and marine engineering O.ein engineering Otlwr riguwer ing and other disc iplines MATHEMATICAL/COMPUTER SCIENCES Mathematics 1701 Mathematic,' gerwral mathematic al and theoretic.al 66 e' 1703 Applied mathematics 1799 Other Computer and information sciences 0701 Computer and information sciences, general 0702 Information sciences and systems 0703 Data processing 0704 Computer programming 0705 Systems analysis 07q9 Other LIFE SCIENCES Agriculture and natural resources 0101 Agriculture, general 0102 Agronomy (field crops, and crop management) 0103 Soils science (management and conservation) 0104 Animal science (husbandry) 0105 Dairy science (husbandry) OtOb Poultry science 0107 Fish, game, and wildlife management 0108 HorticuJture (fruit and vegetable production) 010q Ornamental horticulture (floriculture, nursery science) 0110 Agricultural a,nd farm management 0112 Agricultural business 0113 Food science and technology 0114 Forestry 0115 Natural resources management 011b Agriculture and forestry technologies (baccalaureate and hig.her programs) 0117 Range management 0100 Other Biological sciences 0401 Biology, general 010L Botany, general 0403 Bacteriology 0404 Plant pathology 0405 Plant pharmacology- 0,40h Plant physiology 0407 Zoology, general 0408 l'athology, human and animal 0400 Pharmacology, human and animal 0410 Physiology, human and animal 0411 Microbiology 0412 Anatomy 0113 I listology 0414 Biochemistry 0415 Biophysics 0.1 h Molecular biology 0.117. Cell biology (cytology, cell physiology) 0418 Marine biology 0410 Biometric s and biostatistics 0420 EA ology 0.121 l.ntomology 0.122 (;enetics 0423 kadiobiology 0421 Nu trition, sc len talc le \ dudes nutrition in home ec onomic s and clwtetic 042: Neurosc len( 042o 1 o ology 0427 Linbr yologv 1002 Biologic al and physic al sciences SOCIAL SCIENCES Psychology 2001 '002 1003 2004 2003 2000 2007 2008 1000 2010 1000 Psyc hology, general perimental psyc hology (animal and human) (. tins al psyc hology l'syc hology I or c ounseling Soc cli psyc hology Psy: hometms Statistics in psy( hology Industrial psyc hology Developmental psy( hology rhyslologic al psyc hology Other Economics 2204 Economics Political science and government 2207 Politic al sc ien( e arid government Sociology 2208 Soc iology ;:t Other social sciences 2202 Anthropology 2203 Arc haeo logy 220o Geography 2215 Demography 0111 Agri( ulto ra I economics 1505 Linguistic data for the years 1950 through 1970 are presented as «insistently cis possible with the classifications used for 1971 through 1980. During the years 1953 through 1964 the regular earned degree survey collected the total number of engineering degrees but without detailed engineering disciplines. Separate surveys in those years collected engineering enrollment and degree data by engineering specialties but in some years the totals dill ered slightly from the engineering total in the regular earned, degree survey. The degree data for yea rs 1953 through 1964 from the separate surveys were used in the tables on engineering spec ialties Without adjustment (tables 21-27). A reviion of the NCB definition and survey instrument in 10o3 eliminated the classification of any S/E degrees as first- prot essional degrees. A relatively small number of S/E degrees ( lassified cis first-professional degrees are combined with bach- elor s degrees prior to 1%8. First-prof essional degrees are in- c hided in the totals for all fields through 1980 for consistency. population data Estimates of population in the various age classifications were published by the Bureau of the Census, U.S. Department of Commerce. The basic document used was Current.' Population Reports, -Population Estimates, Estimates of the Population of the U.S. by Single Years of Age, Color, and Se \, 1900 to 1959,- Series P-23, No. 311, July 19o5. Additional Bureau of the Census publications in the P-25 series were used as follows: No. 519, April 1974; No. 704, July 1977; and No. 870, Januai y 1980. [Washington, P.c.: Supt. of Documents, U.S. ,Govrnment Printing Office.] 67 other science resources publications Science Resources Studies Highlights Detailed Statistical Tables R&D Funds I I t'Llcral I )1,4,,ation,-. to and 1. ollege, ii I on,-.tant I 11 1,-.t I 1,11 R I ) \ t 11 I ("- I 11 1,1,-al I ro\A th tor 1 4.ti11. !11V, \11(',If I ) I unding -rtn.it,j to r 7 hi( cnt 11 ",rptclither Rcvp-ion, ) p,,n.,I.Euro-. In if'd,c,.13', in Rf.il t 1 Pl. if ILP!VVI.Itir, and ki 1°7" . SfE Personnel ( R,por t 10 1 h. ',lit \ Ant ,n I , I 4',111!,11flfe, Pch ti ,ftf. f11 ', I iii F t trt ot total in1'180 I r `, I 1,1,1,1E%. rnt )!, f ;!,1 )1..1If,d I .flrlt if; f11.11t `-"l t 7', f I:1, f r' ffl fit 1 );:pIf 11 v ,f1 ( ff, I,.11flt,'. Composite I ) I f in k& ) rnk tri $(, Bii1.1,!i in 1".!-,1 NSF No. Price R&D Funds Ai.h.lenut c. R&D /-und,-,, i-q al \f car 1080 . 6' 301 oderal I und, tor Re,can Ii and Pevolopment. I- kcal `f car!, 1080, dui 1t)2, volume \\\ h and Devolopment in I ndu,-.trv. 1070 61-331 81 321 81-304 61 81 318 81 _ 7 H ;1.1 51 :414 0 3 10 NSF No. Price 62-300 81-325 51-324 S/E Personnel adcmit ion( u: 18c. ion ti,t, and Ianuarv 1081 . 52-305 Re,,e,u( h and I )cyclopment in I v.1070 82-304 inplovnumt ot ionti,t,. Lngincer5, and lo( Iii on, in Private Iniu,tiv 1080 81-320 Reports R&D Funds cmcinl Hupp)! t to Univer,-.1tio,-.. and tcd Nonptot it nOttutuisn,..11, ii \/. ear IL)7o t',Irt.11 I Mid.- tOt Rc,udr, h dui 1 )rvulopninnt I 1,-.( al 1. rap- 1070. 1080 and 1081 Voluinu \ I . It ,Hin, ot H1mll High I cs hnoloy,v 81-305 81-308 $8.30 81 30o $3.75 SlE Personnel \, I to, dn,11 I at tilt v t L'Euvf'p-itif.--..ind 1 rai 107;-; 7o ouny., and H,mor H isTh r dnLi P4IIICerinr, I uItv. 1080 ,111LI I nginorring I inislovmcnt.: 10, 0 80 Composite National rano! n, sit 1-1( icn«, and " Ii noi"gy 1o;s1 81-323 In proy, 81 310 81 310 $2 75 81 311 $4.75