ERIC ED534451: Public Libraries Survey: Fiscal Year 2008
Public Libraries Survey Fiscal Year 2008 June 2010 ii USER NOTE The Institute of Museum and Library Services program report “Public Libraries Survey Fiscal Year 2008” contains corrections for errors in the state of Kansas. The Kansas errors related to the Collection variables, Electronic Books, State Licensed Databases, Other Licensed Databases, and Current Electronic Serial Subscriptions having the largest changes. Audio, Video, Local Licensed Databases, and Current Print Serial Subscriptions have minor changes. Notification was received after the report was posted on the web and printing was complete. The report and data files are now corrected. These corrections affect Tables 12, 12A, 14, 14A, 15, 15A, A4, and A5. These changes in reported values for these data elements in Kansas also lead to some changes in imputed values for the same data elements in libraries in Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota. …
Download the original document · Plain text (TXT) · Browse the archive · How this archive works
Original source: https://archive.org/download/ERIC_ED534451/ERIC_ED534451.pdf
SHA-256 f91acdb5f9ea365823c7c9510cb3f1f9afbd38c822c4408f89e8ecba37be7e16
Re-using this document
mixed and recorded per item: public domain by age or as a US government work for what was taken; controlled-digital-lending and restrictively licensed items EXCLUDED, each listed with its reason
Our description, tagging, arrangement, extracted text and machine transcripts are released under CC0 1.0. We assert nothing about the document itself.
Archive identifier LF-f91acdb5f9ea
Document text
Public Libraries Survey Fiscal Year 2008 June 2010 ii USER NOTE The Institute of Museum and Library Services program report “Public Libraries Survey Fiscal Year 2008” contains corrections for errors in the state of Kansas. The Kansas errors related to the Collection variables, Electronic Books, State Licensed Databases, Other Licensed Databases, and Current Electronic Serial Subscriptions having the largest changes. Audio, Video, Local Licensed Databases, and Current Print Serial Subscriptions have minor changes. Notification was received after the report was posted on the web and printing was complete. The report and data files are now corrected. These corrections affect Tables 12, 12A, 14, 14A, 15, 15A, A4, and A5. These changes in reported values for these data elements in Kansas also lead to some changes in imputed values for the same data elements in libraries in Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota. This is because imputed values are calculated based on the characteristics of libraries (administrative entities) in the same geographic region who serve legal service areas of comparable population size. The scale of the changes in these other states depended on the response rates of the libraries in those states for the variables that needed to be imputed. The minor imputed value change for North Dakota did not result in any changes in the publication tables. iii Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS), Office of Policy, Planning, Research, and Communications Project Teams Mamie Bittner C. Arturo Manjarrez Everett Henderson Kim A. Miller U.S. Census Bureau Terri Craig Suzanne Dorinski Michael Freeman Natasha Isaac Jennifer Keng Patricia O’Shea Peter Schilling Institute of Museum and Library Services Marsha L. Semmel, Acting Director The Institute of Museum and Library Services is the primary source of federal support for the nation’s 123,000 libraries and 17,500 museums. The Institute's mission is to create strong libraries and museums that connect people to information and ideas. The Institute works at the national level and in coordination with state and local organizations to sustain heritage, culture, and knowledge; enhance learning and innovation; and support professional development. To learn more about the Institute, please visit www.imls.gov. Contact Information Institute of Museum and Library Services 1800 M Street NW, 9th Floor Washington, DC 20036-5802 202-653-IMLS (4657) www.imls.gov Please direct questions about library statistics to LibraryStats@imls.gov. Published: June 2010 This publication is only available online at www.imls.gov/statistics. Citation Henderson, E., Miller, K., Craig, T., Dorinski, S., Freeman, M., Isaac, N., Keng, J., O’Shea, P., Schilling, P. (2010). Public Libraries Survey: Fiscal Year 2008 (IMLS-2010–PLS-02). Institute of Museum and Library Services. Washington, DC Cover Design: Ellen Arnold Pictured: Top: Exterior view of the Miami-Dade Public Library, Main Library, Miami, Florida. Bottom: Spanish language storytime program at the Multnomah County Library, Portland, Oregon. Photo by Kristin Beadle. iv Acknowledgments Many individuals made important contributions to this report. The Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS) is grateful for their dedication. Following is the list of those individuals (alphabetical by group): U.S. Census Bureau staff: Terri Craig, Suzanne Dorinski, Michael Freeman, Natasha Isaac, Jennifer Keng, Patricia O’Shea, and Peter Schilling. IMLS would like to extend a special thank you to members of the survey advisory group for their help in managing the survey process. The Library Statistics Working Group (LSWG) is a vital part of the survey team. Their time and effort has helped make this report a more valuable resource to the library community and the public. Members of the LSWG: Dr. John Carlo Bertot, Professor and Director, Center for Library Innovation, University of Maryland Hulen Bivins, State Data Coordinator, Alabama Public Library Service Howard Boksenbaum, Chief of Library Services, Rhode Island Department of Administration Ira Bray, State Data Coordinator, California State Library Dianne Carty, State Data Coordinator, Massachusetts Board of Library Commissioners Denise Davis, Director, American Library Association Office for Research and Statistics Martha Kyrillidou, Director of Statistics and Service Quality, Association of Research Libraries Suzanne Miller, State Librarian and Director, Minnesota State Library Services Frank Nelson, State Data Coordinator, Idaho Commission for Libraries Wayne Onkst, State Librarian and Commissioner, Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives Timothy Owens, State Data Coordinator, State Library of North Carolina Peggy D. Rudd, Director and Librarian, Texas State Library and Archives Commission Dr. Carol Tenopir, Chancellor’s Professor, School of Information Sciences, University of Tennessee Chris Walker, Director of Research and Assessment, Local Initiative Support Corporation Jan Walsh, State Librarian, Washington State Library Division IMLS also extends sincere gratitude to the State Data Coordinators and other State Library Agency staff who provided the data for this report. Their diligent efforts result in a national data resource with an exceptionally high response rate, year after year. v Contents User Note .................................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ vi Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1 Findings .................................................................................................................................................... 4 References .............................................................................................................................................. 22 Tables ...................................................................................................................................................... 24 Appendix A—Public Library State Ranking Tables ................................................................................. 156 Appendix B—Technical Notes ................................................................................................................. 171 Appendix C—Survey Instrument ............................................................................................................. 180 vi List of Tables Table Page Number of Public Libraries and Population of Legal Service Area 1 Number of public libraries, population of legal service area, unduplicated population of legal service area, and official state population estimate, by state: Fiscal year 2008 ............... 25 1A Percentage distribution of public libraries, by population of legal service area and state: Fiscal year 2008 .......................................................................................................................... 27 1B Percentage distribution of population of legal service area of public libraries, by state: Fiscal year 2008 .......................................................................................................................... 29 Administrative Structure, Service Outlets, and Hours 2 Percentage distribution of public libraries, by type of administrative structure and state: Fiscal year 2008 .......................................................................................................................... 31 2A Percentage distribution of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by type of administrative structure and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 ...... 34 3 Number of public libraries with branches and bookmobiles, and number of service outlets, by type of outlet and state: Fiscal year 2008 ............................................................................. 35 3A Number of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, with branches and bookmobiles, and number of service outlets, by type of outlet and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 ................................................................................................................. 38 4 Percentage distribution of public libraries, by average number of weekly public service hours per outlet and state: Fiscal year 2008 .............................................................................. 39 4A Percentage distribution of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by average number of weekly public service hours per outlet and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 ................................................................................................................ 42 Legal Basis, Geographic Service Area, and Interlibrary Relationship 5 Percentage distribution of public libraries, by type of legal basis and state: Fiscal year 2008 .......................................................................................................................... 43 5A Percentage distribution of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by type of legal basis and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 ........................... 46 6 Percentage distribution of public libraries, by type of geographic service area and state: Fiscal year 2008 .......................................................................................................................... 47 6A Percentage distribution of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by type of geographic service area and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 ..... 50 7 Percentage distribution of public libraries, by type of interlibrary relationship and state: Fiscal year 2008 .......................................................................................................................... 51 vii Table Page 7A Percentage distribution of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by type of interlibrary relationship and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 ....... 54 Library Services 8 Number of public library services and library services per capita, by type of service and state: Fiscal year 2008 ........................................................................................................ 55 8A Number of public library services and library services per capita in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by type of service and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 .......................................................................................................................... 58 9 Number of interlibrary loans provided to, and received from, per 1,000 population, by type of service and state: Fiscal year 2008 ........................................................................... 59 9A Number of interlibrary loans provided to, and received from, per capita in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by type of service and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 .......................................................................................................................... 62 10 Circulation of children’s materials, total and children’s programs, and total and children’s program attendance in public libraries, by state: Fiscal year 2008 ............................................ 63 10A Circulation of children’s materials, total and children’s programs, and total and children’s program attendance in public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by type of service and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 ............................................. 66 11 Number of public-use Internet computers in public libraries and uses of Internet computers per year, by state: Fiscal year 2008 ........................................................................................... 67 11A Number of public-use Internet computers in public libraries and uses of Internet computers per year in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 .......................................................................................... 70 Collections 12 Number of public library materials and library materials per capita or per 1,000 population, by type of material and state: Fiscal year 2008 ......................................................................... 71 12A Number of public library materials and library materials per capita or per 1,000 population in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by type of material and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 ........................................................................................... 74 13 Percentage distribution of public libraries, by size of print materials collection and state: Fiscal year 2008 .......................................................................................................................... 75 13A Percentage distribution of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by size of print materials collection and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 ..... 78 14 Total, average, and median number of electronic materials in public libraries, by type of material and state: Fiscal year 2008 .......................................................................................... 79 viii Table Page 14A Total, average, and median number of electronic materials in public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by type of material and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008............................................................................................................... 82 15 Total licensed databases in public libraries and percentage distribution of databases, by source of databases and state: Fiscal year 2008 ................................................................. 83 15A Total licensed databases in public libraries and percentage distribution of databases in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by source of databases and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008............................................................................................................... 86 Staff 16 Number of paid full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff in public libraries, by type of position; percentage of total librarians and total staff with “ALA-MLS” degrees; and number of public libraries with “ALA-MLS” librarians, by state: Fiscal year 2008 ....................................... 87 16A Number of paid full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff in public libraries, by type of position; percentage of total librarians and total staff with “ALA-MLS” degrees; and number of public libraries with “ALA-MLS” librarians in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 ..................................................................................... 90 17 Percentage distribution of public libraries, by number of paid full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff and state: Fiscal year 2008 ................................................................................................ 91 17A Percentage distribution of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by number of paid full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 .......................................................................................................................... 94 Operating Revenue 18 Total operating revenue of public libraries and percentage distribution of revenue, by source of revenue and state: Fiscal year 2008 .......................................................................... 95 18A Total operating revenue of public libraries and percentage distribution of revenue in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by source of revenue and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 ................................................................................................................ 98 19 Total per capita operating revenue of public libraries, by source of revenue and state: Fiscal year 2008 .......................................................................................................................... 99 19A Total per capita operating revenue of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by source of revenue and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 ....... 102 20 Percentage distribution of public libraries, by per capita operating revenue from local sources and state: Fiscal year 2008 ........................................................................................ 103 20A Percentage distribution of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by per capita operating revenue from local sources and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 ........................................................................................................................ 106 ix Table Page Operating Expenditures 21 Total operating expenditures of public libraries and percentage distribution of expenditures, by type of expenditure and state: Fiscal year 2008 ................................................................. 107 21A Total operating expenditures of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia and percentage distribution of expenditures, by type of expenditure and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 ........................................................................................ 110 22 Total per capita operating expenditures of public libraries, by type of expenditure and state: Fiscal year 2008 ........................................................................................................................ 111 22A Total per capita operating expenditures of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by type of expenditure and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 ...... 114 23 Total collection expenditures of public libraries and percentage distribution of expenditures, by type of expenditure and state: Fiscal year 2008 ................................................................. 115 23A Total collection expenditures of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia and percentage distribution of expenditures, by type of expenditure and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 ................................................................................................. 118 24 Percentage distribution of public libraries, by total operating expenditures and state: Fiscal year 2008 ........................................................................................................................ 119 24A Percentage distribution of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by total operating expenditures and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 .............. 122 25 Percentage distribution of public libraries, by total per capita operating expenditures and state: Fiscal year 2008 ....................................................................................................... 123 25A Percentage distribution of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by total per capita operating expenditures and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 .......................................................................................................................... 126 Capital Revenue and Expenditures 26 Total capital revenue of public libraries and percentage distribution of revenue, by source of revenue and state: Fiscal year 2008 ...................................................................................... 127 26A Total capital revenue of public libraries and percentage distribution of revenue in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by source of revenue and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 .......................................................................................................................... 130 27 Total capital revenue of public libraries and percentage distribution of public libraries by total capital revenue category and state: Fiscal year 2008........................................................ 131 27A Total capital revenue of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia and percentage distribution of public libraries, by total capital revenue category and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 .......................................................................................... 134 x Table Total capital expenditures of public libraries and percentage distribution of public libraries by total capital expenditures category and state: Fiscal year 2008 ........................................... 135 28A Total capital expenditures of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia and percentage distribution of public libraries by total capital expenditures and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 ................................................................................................... 138 Square Footage of Service Outlets 29 Number and square footage of single-outlet public libraries, by state: Fiscal year 2008 .......... 139 29A Number and square footage of single-outlet public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 .............................................. 142 30 Number and square footage of multiple-outlet public libraries, by type of outlet and state: Fiscal year 2008 .......................................................................................................................... 143 30A Number and square footage of multiple-outlet public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by type of outlet and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 .............. 146 31 Number and square footage of central outlets of public libraries, by population of legal service area and state: Fiscal year 2008 ................................................................................................ 147 32 Number and square footage of branch outlets of public libraries, by population of legal service area and state: Fiscal year 2008 ................................................................................................ 151 Appendix A – Public Library State Ranking Tables A1 Number of library visits and reference transactions of public libraries per capita, by state: Fiscal year 2008 ........................................................................................................................... 158 A2 Number of circulation transactions of public libraries per capita and interlibrary loans received per 1,000 population, by state: Fiscal year 2008 ........................................................................ 159 A3 Average number of public-use Internet computers of public libraries per stationary outlet and number per 5,000 population, by state: Fiscal year 2008 ........................................................... 160 A4 Number of print materials of public libraries per capita and audio materials per 1,000 population, by state: Fiscal year 2008 ........................................................................................ 161 A5 Number of video materials and current print serial subscriptions of public libraries per 1,000 population, by state: Fiscal year 2008 .............................................................................. 162 A6 Number of paid full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff and paid FTE librarians of public libraries per 25,000 population, by state: Fiscal year 2008 ...................................................................... 163 A7 Number of paid full-time-equivalent (FTE) librarians with “ALA-MLS” and other paid FTE staff of public libraries per 25,000 population, by state: Fiscal year 2008 .......................................... 164 A8 Total and state operating revenue of public libraries per capita, by state: Fiscal year 2008 ........ 165 A9 Local and other operating revenue of public libraries per capita, by state: Fiscal year 2008 ....... 166 xi Table Page A10 Total operating expenditures and collection expenditures of public libraries per capita, by state: Fiscal year 2008 ............................................................................................................................. 167 A11 Total staff expenditures and salaries and wages expenditures of public libraries per capita, by state: Fiscal year 2008 ............................................................................................................. 168 A12 Number of registered borrowers of public libraries per capita, by state: Fiscal year 2008 ............................................................................................................. 169 Appendix B – Technical Notes Tables B-1 Reporting periods of public libraries: Fiscal year 2008 ................................................................ 171 B-2 States with public libraries with overlapping service areas: Fiscal year 2008 ............................. 173 1 Introduction The Public Libraries Survey (PLS) is a voluntary survey conducted annually by the Institute of Museum and Library Services (IMLS). IMLS collects these data under the mandate in the Museum and Library Services Act of 2003 as stated in Section 210. The U.S. Census Bureau is the data collection agent for IMLS. The Fiscal Year (FY) 2008 survey is the 21st in the series. Survey Purpose and Data Items Included in This Report The PLS provides a national census of public libraries and their public service outlets (see Key Library Terminology below). These data are useful to federal, state, and local policymakers; library and public policy researchers; and the public, journalists, and others. This report provides summary information about public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia for state FY 2008.1 It covers service measures such as number of uses of electronic resources, number of Internet terminals used by the general public, reference transactions, interlibrary loans, circulation, library visits, children’s program attendance, and circulation of children’s materials. It also includes information about size of collection, staffing, operating revenue and expenditures, type of legal basis, and number and type of public library service outlets. This report is based on the final data file. The PLS is designed as a universe survey. The survey frame consists of 9,259 public libraries (9,221 public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia and 38 public libraries in the outlying areas of Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands), as identified by state library agencies. (Public libraries in one outlying area, American Samoa, are not included in the survey frame because their state library agencies have never responded to the request for participation in the survey.) A total of 9,073 of the 9,259 public libraries in the survey frame responded to the FY 2008 PLS (including Guam and Puerto Rico), for a unit response rate of 98.0 percent. Item response rates are included in the tables in this report.2 The data were submitted over the Internet via a web-based reporting system. (See Data Collection in Appendix B for more information.) Organization of This Report This report includes the following major sections: • Introduction o Survey Purpose and Data Items Included in this Report o Congressional Authorization o Key Library Terminology o Types of Tables Included in this Report o History of the Public Libraries Survey • Findings from the FY 2008 data collection • Tables (including State Ranking Tables in Appendix A) • Technical Notes (Appendix B) • Survey Questionnaire (Appendix C) 1The fiscal year reporting period varies among states and among local jurisdictions in some states. Please see Reporting Period in Appendix B for more information. 2 The item response rates in the Total line of the tables do not include the outlying areas. 2 Congressional Authorization Two separate laws cover the protection of the confidentiality of individually identifiable information collected by the Institute of Museum and Library Services - the Privacy Act of 1974 and the E- Government Act of 2002. The Guidelines for Ensuring and Maximizing the Quality, Objectivity, Utility, and Integrity of Information Disseminated by the Institute of Museum and Library Services are prepared under the Treasury and General Government Appropriations Act for Fiscal Year 2001, Section 515(b). IMLS will fulfill the congressional mandate in the Museum and Library Services Act of 2003 as stated in Section 210. Analysis of Impact of Museum and Library Services: ‘From amounts described in Sections 214(c) and 275(b), the Director shall carry out and publish analyses of the impact of…library services. Such analyses— (1) shall be conducted in ongoing consultation with— (A) State library administrative agencies; (B) State, regional, and national library…organizations; and (C) other relevant agencies and organizations; (2) shall identify national needs for, and trends of…library services provided with funds made available under subtitles B and C… IMLS library survey activities will be designed to address high-priority library data needs; provide consistent, reliable, complete, and accurate indicators of the status and trends of state and public libraries; and report timely, useful, and high-quality data to the U.S. Congress, the States, other education policymakers, practitioners, data users, and the general public. Key Library Terminology3 • Public library. A public library is an entity that is established under state enabling laws or regulations to serve a community, district, or region, and that provides at least the following: (1) an organized collection of printed or other library materials, or a combination thereof; (2) paid staff; (3) an established schedule in which services of the staff are available to the public; (4) the facilities necessary to support such a collection, staff, and schedule; and (5) that is supported in whole or in part with public funds. • Administrative entity. An administrative entity is the agency that is legally established under local or state law to provide public library service to the population of a local jurisdiction. The administrative entity may have a single public library service outlet, or it may have more than one public library service outlet. (Note: In this report, the term public library means an administrative entity.) • Public library service outlet. Public libraries can have one or more outlets that provide direct service to the public. The three types of public library service outlets included in this report are central library outlets, branch library outlets, and bookmobile outlets. Information on a fourth type of outlet, books-by-mail-only outlets, was collected but omitted from this report because these outlets are not open to the public. The four outlet types are defined in Appendix C in item 709 of the definitions. Table 3 reports data concerning public library service outlets. 3More detailed definitions of the terms used in this report can be found in the survey questionnaire in Appendix C. 3 Types of Tables Included in This Report There are 72 tables in this report: Tables 1 through 1B provide overview data, by state, about the number of public libraries and population of legal service area. Tables 2 through 30 are in sets of 2 each. The base table in each set (Tables 2 through 30) displays data for the nation as a whole and for each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The “A” table in each set displays the same data by 11 ranges of population of legal service area. Tables 29 through 32 include data about square footage. Appendix A includes 12 tables of state rankings. Appendix B includes 2 tables that expand on the technical notes. History of the Public Libraries Survey In 1985, the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) and the American Library Association (ALA) conducted a pilot project in 15 states to assess the feasibility of a federal-state cooperative program for the collection of public library data. The project was jointly funded by NCES and the U.S. Department of Education's former Library Programs (LP) office. In 1987, the project’s final report recommended the development of a nationwide data collection system. The Hawkins-Stafford Elementary and Secondary School Improvement Amendments of 1988 (P.L. 100-297) charged NCES with developing a voluntary Federal-State Cooperative System (FSCS) for the annual collection of public library data.4 To carry out this mandate, a task force was formed by NCES and the National Commission on Libraries and Information Science (NCLIS), and the FSCS was established in 1988. The first survey report in this series, Public Libraries in 50 States and the District of Columbia: 1989, which included data from 8,699 public libraries in 50 states and the District of Columbia, was released by NCES in 1991. A data file and survey report have been released annually since then. The states have always submitted their data electronically, via customized personal computer survey software through FY 2004, and via a web-based application beginning in FY 2005. On October 1, 2007 the survey was transferred from NCES to IMLS. The FY 2006 survey was collected by NCES and released by IMLS. The FY 2008 survey is the second PLS data collection and release by IMLS. 4This was superseded by the National Education Statistics Act of 1994 (P.L. 103-382) and, more recently, by the Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002. 4 Findings Introduction The following section provides highlights of the fiscal year 2008 Public Libraries Survey, comparing key elements from fiscal year 2008 to previous fiscal years. Many of the statistics presented in the long-term trend charts appear in per capita form; this was done because per capita metrics control for population growth and allow for standardized comparisons of change over time.5 In each line graph that reports dollar amounts over time, inflation was accounted for using a GDP deflator.6 There were 9,221 public libraries (administrative entities) in the 50 states and the District of Columbia in fiscal year (FY) 2008 (Table 1), slightly up from the 9,214 that there were in FY2007. Public libraries are widely distributed across the United States; 98.4 percent of counties have at least one administrative entity or library outlet. Public library service areas encompassed 97.47 percent of the total population of the states and the District of Columbia in FY2008, either in legally established geographic service areas or in areas under contract. 11.7 percent of the public libraries served 72.8 percent of the population of legally served areas in the United States during FY2008; each of these public libraries had a legal service area population of 50,000 or more (derived from Tables 1A and 1B). Library Services Visits Library visitation per capita has steadily increased over the past 10 years (Figure 1). In FY2008, the 5 The denominator for all per capita statistics that appear in this section is the total unduplicated population of all library service areas. 6 http://www.measuringworth.com/uscompare/ 7 This percentage was derived by dividing the total unduplicated population of legal service areas for the 50 states and the District of Columbia by the sum of their official state total population estimates. The estimates were obtained from the state data center or other official state sources (table 1). The percentage is based on unrounded data. (Also see Data File, Public Use: Public Libraries Survey: Fiscal Year 2008). 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Per Capita Visits Fiscal Year Figure 1: Per Capita Visitation in US Public Libraries, FY1999-2008 Source: Public Library Survey, FY1999-FY2008, Institute of Museum and Library Services /National Center for Education Statistics 5 average individual in a library service area visited the library just over 5 times (5.1), compared to 4.3 visits per person in 1999, an increase of 19.7 percent. Overall, there were 1.50 billion public library visits in FY2008, up from 1.43 billion total visits the previous year. Circulation Circulation per capita has also generally increased during the past 10 years, increasing by 19.7 percent since FY1999, when per person circulation stood at 6.5 (Figure 2). The nation's libraries recorded 7.7 circulations per capita in FY2008, up from 7.4 the previous year. Overall, the nation's public libraries circulated 2.28 billion materials during FY2008, up from 2.17 billion in FY2007 and 1.69 billion in FY1999. Overall circulation has increased by 34.5 percent since FY1999. 6.4 6.6 6.8 7.0 7.2 7.4 7.6 7.8 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Per Capita Circulation Fiscal Year Figure 2: Per Capita Circulation in US Public Libraries, FY1999-2008 Source: Public Library Survey, FY1999-FY2008, Institute of Museum and Library Services /National Center for Education Statistics 6 The circulations per 1,000 visits metric provides a rough measure of the likelihood that library visitors will check out materials and allows us to see how patterns of library use are evolving (Figure 3). Circulation per 1,000 visits was virtually the same in FY2008 (1,513) as it was in FY1999 (1,512). Fluctuation between these two points in time was rather modest; the difference between the low point (1,495 circulations per 1,000 visits in FY2000) and the high point (1,530 circulations per 1,000 visits in FY2003) was only 2.3 percent. Even though circulations per visit remained relatively flat during the 10 year study period, it is worth noting that in FY1997, there were 1,598 circulations per visit, so circulations per visit have declined 5.3 percent since then. 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500 1520 1540 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Circulation Per 1,000 Visits Fiscal Year Figure 3: Public Libraries - Circulation per 1,000 Visits, FY1999-2008 Source: Public Library Survey, FY1999-FY2008, Institute of Museum and Library Services /National Center for Education Statistics 7 PC Use and Availability The availability of Internet terminals has nearly doubled over the past 10 years in response to patron demand; Internet PCs per 5,000 people rose from 1.9 in FY1999 to 3.7 in FY2008 (Figure 4). The number of uses of Internet PCs per person is a relatively new data element that was introduced in the FY2006 PLS, so it cannot be traced back as far as most of the other metrics. Internet PC uses per capita has remained at the same basic level since FY2006. There were 1.16 Internet uses per person in FY2006, 1.22 Internet uses per person in FY2007 and 1.21 Internet uses per person in FY2008 (Figure 5). 1.75 1.95 2.15 2.35 2.55 2.75 2.95 3.15 3.35 3.55 3.75 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 PCs Per 5,000 People Fiscal Year Figure 4: Public Libraries - Internet PCs per 5,000 People: FY2000-2008 Source: Public Library Survey, FY2000-FY2008, Institute of Museum and Library Services /National Center for Education Statistics 1.16 1.22 1.21 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 2006 2007 2008 Internet PC Uses Per Capita Fiscal Year Figure 5: Public Libraries - Uses of Internet PCs Per Capita, FY2006-2008 Source: Public Library Survey, FY2006-FY2008, Institute of Museum and Library Services /National Center for Education Statistics 8 Collections The composition of library collections has changed somewhat over the past 10 years. The number of print materials per 1,000 people has fluctuated up and down over the time period, but on the balance it has declined from 2,846 print materials per 1,000 people in FY1999 to 2,767 print materials per 1,000 people in FY2008, a decrease of 2.8 percent (Figure 6). The high point during the study period was FY2003, when libraries reported 2,860 print materials per 1,000 people. At the same time that print materials per person have decreased slightly, the amount of video and audio materials per person has increased considerably. Video materials per capita more than doubled during the study period, increasing from 73.5 video materials per 1,000 people in FY1999 to 166.7 video materials per 1,000 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Print Materials Per 1,000 People Fiscal Year Figure 6: Public Libraries - Print Materials per 1,000 People, FY1999-2008 Source: Public Library Survey, FY1999-FY2008, Institute of Museum and Library Services /National Center for Education Statistics 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Materials Per 1,000 People Fiscal Year Figure 7: Public Libraries - Audio and Video Materials per 1,000 People FY1999-2008 Audio Video Source: Public Library Survey, FY1999-FY2008, Institute of Museum and Library Services /National Center for Education Statistics 9 people in FY2008, an increase of 126.6 percent (Figure 7). The availability of audio materials also increased markedly, going from 112.4 materials per 1,000 people in FY1999 to 168.1 materials per 1,000 people in FY2008, an increase of nearly 50 percent (49.6 percent). Reference Transactions Unlike circulation per capita and per capita visitation, per capita reference transactions have generally declined over the last 10 years, going from 1.12 reference transactions per capita in FY1999 to 1.02 in FY2008, a decline of 9.0 percent (Figure 8). Not only have reference transactions declined relative to 1.00 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.12 1.14 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Reference Transactions Per Capita Fiscal Year Figure 8: Public Libraries - Reference Transactions per Capita, FY1999-2008 Source: Public Library Survey, FY1999-FY2008, Institute of Museum and Library Services /National Center for Education Statistics 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Reference Transactions Per 1,000 Visits Fiscal Year Figure 9: Public Libraries - Reference Transactions per 1,000 Visits, FY1999-2008 Source: Public Library Survey, FY1999-FY2008, Institute of Museum and Library Services /National Center for Education Statistics 10 population, but they have also declined relative to visitation. In FY1999, there were 263.1 reference transactions per 1,000 visits (Figure 9). By FY2008, the figure had declined to 200.0 reference transactions per 1,000 visits, a decrease of 24.0 percent. This decline in reference transactions is likely due to the rise of the Internet as an alternate source for information; patrons may be using the Internet to answer more straightforward questions and enlisting the help of library staff to answer questions that require more time, expertise and research experience. Program Attendance Children's program attendance at public libraries gradually rose during the study period, incrementally 170 190 210 230 250 270 290 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Program Attendance Per 1,000 People Fiscal Year Figure 10: Public Libraries - Program Attendance per 1,000 People, FY1999-2008 Children's Programs All Programs Source: Public Library Survey, FY1999-FY2008, Institute of Museum and Library Services /National Center for Education Statistics 81.1% 77.1% 76.5% 74.8% 74.0% 70% 72% 74% 76% 78% 80% 82% 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Children's Program Attendance/Overall Program Attendance (%) Fiscal Year Figure 11: Children's Program Attendance as a Percentage of All Program Attendance, FY2004-2008 Source: Public Library Survey, FY2004-FY2008, Institute of Museum and Library Services /National Center for Education Statistics 11 increasing from 181.7 children's program attendances per 1,000 people in FY1999 to 206.8 program attendances per 1,000 people in FY2008, an increase of 13.9 percent (Figure 10). Information on overall program attendance (children’s program attendance + other program attendance) has only been collected at the national level since FY2004; since then, overall program attendance has increased from 237.6 attendances per 1,000 people to 279.4 attendances per 1,000 people in FY2008, an increase of 17.6 percent. Program attendance per 1,000 visits increased by 7.5 percent (from 50.9 to 54.8) from FY2004 to FY2008. The majority of people who attend programs at libraries are attending children's programs, although children's program attendance as a share of all program attendance has decreased during the past few years. Children's programs accounted for 81.1 percent of all library program attendance in FY2004; since then, it has declined every year until reaching its FY2008 level of 74.0 percent of overall program attendance (Figure 11). 12 Staffing The number of public librarians per 25,000 people has remained more or less the same over the past 10 years, hovering around 4.0 (Figure 12). There were 4.0 librarians per 25,000 people in FY1999 and 4.1 in FY2008. The nation's libraries only reported having fewer than 4 librarians per 25,000 people during 2 of the last 10 years: FY2004 and FY2005. The number of paid staff per 25,000 people has similarly remained flat over the past 10 years (Figure 13). There were 12.3 paid staffers per 25,000 people in FY2008, up from 12.2 in FY1999. The year with the highest relative number of staff persons was FY2007, when there were 12.4 paid staffers per 25,000 people; the lowest was in FY2004, when there were 12.0 paid staffers per 25,000 people. 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Librarians Per 25,000 People Fiscal Year Figure 12: Public Libraries - Librarians per 25,000 People, FY1999-2008 Source: Public Library Survey, FY1999-FY2008, Institute of Museum and Library Services /National Center for Education Statistics 11.0 11.2 11.4 11.6 11.8 12.0 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13.0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Paid Staffpersons Per 25,000 People Fiscal Year Figure 13: Public Libraries - Paid Staffpersons per 25,000 People, FY1999- 2008 Source: Public Library Survey, FY1999-FY2008, Institute of Museum and Library Services /National Center for Education Statistics 13 The percentage of librarians with American Library Association accredited master degrees in library science (ALA-MLS degrees) fell slightly during the study period. In FY1999, 69.0 percent of public librarians had ALA-MLS degrees; this percentage fell from then until FY2003, when it reached its low during the study period of 67.6 percent (Figure 14). From there, the percentage increased each year until it reached 68.3 percent in FY2006. In FY2008, the percentage of librarians with ALA-MLS degrees stood at 67.9 percent. In contrast, the number of library systems with at least one ALA-MLS degreed librarian increased somewhat during the study period, rising from 44.1 percent in FY1999 to 48.4 percent in FY2008 (Figure 15). This means that on average, public library systems were 9.9 percent more likely to have ALA-MLS degreed librarians in FY2008 than they were in FY1999. 65.0% 65.5% 66.0% 66.5% 67.0% 67.5% 68.0% 68.5% 69.0% 69.5% 70.0% 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Percent of Public Librarians with ALA-MLS Fiscal Year Figure 14: Percentage of Public Librarians with ALA-MLS Degrees, FY1999-2008 Source: Public Library Survey, FY1999-FY2008, Institute of Museum and Library Services /National Center for Education Statistics 44.00% 45.00% 46.00% 47.00% 48.00% 49.00% 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Percent of Public Library Systems w/ALA-MLS Librarians Fiscal Year Figure 15: Percentage of Public Library Systems with ALA-MLS Degreed Librarians, FY1999-2008 Source: Public Library Survey, FY1999-FY2008, Institute of Museum and Library Services /National Center for Education Statistics 14 Operating Revenues and Expenditures Total operating expenditures in public libraries steadily rose during the study period, going from $8.29 billion in FY1999 to $10.72 billion in FY2008 (figures are in constant 2008 dollars), an absolute increase of $2.43 billion and a percentage increase of 29.4 percent (Figure 16). Per capita operating expenditures increased during the period as well. Per capita operating expenditures increased from $31.56 in FY1999 to $36.36 in FY2008, an absolute increase of $4.80 per person and a percentage increase of 15.2 percent (Figure 17). $8.00 $8.50 $9.00 $9.50 $10.00 $10.50 $11.00 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Total Operating Expenditures ($ Billions) Fiscal Year Figure 16: Public Libraries - Total Operating Expenditures, FY1999-2008 (Expenditures in Billions, Constant 2008 Dollars) Source: Public Library Survey, FY1999-FY2008, Institute of Museum and Library Services /National Center for Education Statistics $31 $32 $33 $34 $35 $36 $37 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Per Capita Operating Expenditures ($) Fiscal Year Figure 17: Public Libraries - Per Capita Operating Expenditures, FY1999- 2008 (Constant 2008 Dollars) Source: Public Library Survey, FY1999-FY2008, Institute of Museum and Library Services /National Center for Education Statistics 15 In the past ten years, local governments have borne an increasing share of the responsibility for funding libraries.8 8 Ohio incorrectly reported state operating revenues as local operating revenues and local operating revenues as state operating revenues in the FY2007 Public Libraries Survey (see user note at http://harvester.census.gov/imls/pubs/pls/pub_detail.asp?id=122). Ohio's total state operating revenues were actually $457.3 million and its total local operating revenues were actually $202.8 million in FY2007. This caused total state operating revenue to be underreported by $254.5 million and total local operating revenue to be over reported by $254.5 million in the FY2007 Public Libraries Survey findings section (figures 5 and 6 in the FY2007 report). This error was corrected in this year's findings section; figures 18 and 19 and the accompanying text reflect these corrections. In FY2000, local governments supplied 77.1 percent of public library operating revenue (Figure $6.94 $7.24 $7.63 $8.01 $8.04 $8.33 $8.53 $8.82 $9.18 $9.42 77% 78% 79% 80% 81% 82% 83% 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Percent of Operating Revenue From Local Sources Fiscal Year Figure 18: Percentage of Public Library Operating Revenue From Local Sources, FY1999-2008 (Data Labels are Revenue in Billions, Constant 2008 Dollars) Source: Public Library Survey, FY1999-FY2008, Institute of Museum and Library Services /National Center for Education Statistics $1.13 $1.20 $1.26 $1.18 $1.09 $1.02 $1.01 $0.99 $1.01 $0.99 8.0% 8.5% 9.0% 9.5% 10.0% 10.5% 11.0% 11.5% 12.0% 12.5% 13.0% 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Percent of Operating Revenue from State Sources Fiscal Year Figure 19: Percentage of Public Library Operating Revenue From State Sources, FY1999-2008 (Data Labels are Revenue in Billions, Constant 2008 Dollars) Source: Public Library Survey, FY1999-FY2008, Institute of Museum and Library Services /National Center for Education Statistics 16 18). This percentage has gradually risen since then, reaching a high of 82.7 percent in FY2008. This trend of increasing local contributions to operating revenue has been paralleled by a decrease in the share of operating revenue that is supplied by state governments. In FY1999-2001, state government funds comprised 12.7-12.8 percent of public library operating revenue (Figure 19). After that, the state share of operating revenue steadily declined, reaching its low of 8.7 percent in FY2008. Revenue from federal (0.6 percent in FY1999, 0.4 percent in FY2008) and 'other' sources (9.0 percent in FY1999, 8.2 percent in FY2008) remained relatively flat over the same time period. This happened because of large absolute increases in operating revenues from local sources and modest reductions in the amount of operating revenue provided by state governments. Local sources provided $6.94 billion in operating revenue during FY1999; by FY2008, this figure had increased to $9.42 billion, an increase of 35.8 percent and $2.48 billion (in constant 2008 dollars). During the same period, state sources went from providing $1.13 billion dollars in operating revenue (in FY1999) to providing $0.99 billion in FY2008, a decrease of 13.0 percent and $146.9 million. Federal sources showed very little change ($55.8 million in FY1999, $50.5 million in FY2008), while 'other' sources increased by $130.8 million (from $802.4 million to $933.2 million, a 16.3 percent increase), helping to offset the decline in state funding. 17 Figure 20 (above) provides an illustration of this type of analysis using FY2008 data. The table compares circulation rates by locale code. Below we see that close to 40 percent of all circulation in the United States is accounted for by libraries serving large suburban communities. The large suburban circulation rate is followed by large cities, which account for 18.4 percent of all circulation nationally. Overall, towns account for 12.2 percent of national circulation and rural areas account for 10.2 percent of circulation nationally. Figure 20: Public Libraries: Circulation by Locale Type, FY2008 The 50 States and DC Locale Type Circulation Percentage of all Percentage of in Thousands Circulation Circulation by Major Locale Type Large City 419,876 18.4% Midsize City 167,472 7.4% 34.3% Small City 193,621 8.5% Large Suburb 874,190 38.4% Midsize Suburb 66,878 2.9% 43.3% Small Suburb 44,024 1.9% Fringe Town 48,429 2.1% Distant Town 142,042 6.2% 12.2% Remote Town 87,950 3.9% Fringe Rural 62,490 2.7% Distant Rural 122,727 5.4% 10.2% Remote Rural 47,851 2.1% Total 2,277,549 ** ** 18 City Large: Territory inside an urbanized area and inside a principal city with population of 250,000 or more Midsize: Territory inside an urbanized area and inside a principal city with population less than 250,000 and greater than or equal to 100,000 Small: Territory inside an urbanized area and inside a principal city with population less than 100,000 Suburb Large: Territory outside a principal city and inside an urbanized area with population of 250,000 or more Midsize: Territory outside a principal city and inside an urbanized area with population less than 250,000 and greater than or equal to 100,000 Small: Territory outside a principal city and inside an urbanized area with population less than 100,000 Service Outlets & Legal Basis and Interlibrary Relationships The majority of public libraries (85.2 percent) are public agencies connected to some form of local government. In FY2008, 52.9 percent of public libraries were part of a municipal government, 14.6 percent were separate government units known as library districts, 9.8 percent were part of a county/parish, 3.4 percent had multijurisdictional legal basis under an intergovernmental agreement, 2.0 percent were part of a school district, 1.0 percent were part of a city/county, and 1.5 percent reported their legal basis as “other”. 14.9 percent of public libraries were operated by nonprofit associations/agencies; this means that they were privately controlled, but met the legal definition of a public library in the states in which they were located (Table 5).9 Though the majority of public libraries report single jurisdictions, many belong to broader service networks. 75.6 percent of public libraries were members of a federation or cooperative service, while 23.2 percent were not. 1.2 percent served as the headquarters of a federation or cooperative service (Table 7).10 An Introduction to Locale Codes Beginning with the FY2008 data file, locale codes have been added to the outlet and administrative entity- level datasets. These locale codes allow users to quickly identify which library outlets and administrative entities are located in cities, suburbs, towns or rural areas. The new locale codes are based on an address's proximity to an urbanized area (a densely settled core with densely settled surrounding areas). The locale code system classifies territory into four major types: city, suburban, town, and rural. Each type has three subcategories. For city and suburb, these gradations are based on population size – large, midsize, and small. Towns and rural areas are further distinguished by their distance from an urbanized area. They can be characterized as fringe, distant, or remote. The coding methodology was developed by the Census Bureau as a way to identify the location of public schools in the National Center for Education Statistics’ Common Core of Data. As of FY2008 each library outlet and administrative entity survey has one of the 12 locale codes assigned to it. Bookmobiles and books by mail only outlets were not assigned locale codes (see below). 9 This and other percentage totals in the report may not sum to 100 because of rounding. 10 Libraries that identify themselves as the headquarters of a federation or cooperative service are not included in the count of members of a federation or cooperative service. 19 Town Fringe: Territory inside an urban cluster that is less than or equal to 10 miles from an urbanized area Distant: Territory inside an urban cluster that is more than 10 miles and less than or equal to 35 miles from an urbanized area Remote: Territory inside an urban cluster that is more than 35 miles from an urbanized area Rural Fringe: Census-defined rural territory that is less than or equal to 5 miles from an urbanized area, as well as rural territory that is less than or equal to 2.5 miles from an urban cluster Distant: Census-defined rural territory that is more than 5 miles but less than or equal to 25 miles from an urbanized area, as well as rural territory that is more than 2.5 miles but less than or equal to 10 miles from an urban cluster Remote: Census-defined rural territory that is more than 25 miles from an urbanized area and is also more than 10 miles from an urban cluster These locale codes provide a new way to analyze library services in the United States. By incorporating objective measures of rurality and urbanicity into the data files, researchers and practitioners can benchmark services in a fundamentally different way by basing comparisons on community attributes as well as the attributes of the libraries themselves. In other words, library services in rural remote areas can now be compared to library services in other rural remote areas of the state or country using a standardized urbanicity/rurality metric that is applied consistently to each library in the country. Once communities of interest have been selected, comparisons can be made to any data that is available in the PLS whether it is financial, operational or service output-related. 20 Figure 21 (above) was developed using the new locale codes. It identifies the number of library outlets in 27 33 51 72 75 85 90 102 110 116 117 140 150 173 183 183 189 195 206 207 212 216 236 237 242 250 278 287 288 289 332 334 343 359 360 376 387 389 434 454 458 472 518 559 629 656 725 791 864 1,069 1,116 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 DC DE HI RI WY NV ND AK MT UT NM ID SD WV MD VT SC KY OK AZ OR AR NH MS CT CO ME NE AL TN LA WA VA MO MN KS GA NC IN NJ WI MA FL IA PA MI OH IL TX NY CA Number of Outlets Figure 21: Distribution of Library Outlets, by State and Locale Code (FY2008) City Suburban Town Rural City: Principal city inside an urbanized area Suburban: Territories outside a principal city and inside an urbanized area Town:Territories outside an urbanized area and inside an urban cluster Rural:Territories outside urbanizedareas and urban clusters Note: The locale code methodology was developed by the Census Bureau for the Department of Education. IMLS has adopted the same methodology for coding the locations of US libraries. For a detailed explanation of the procedure goto http://nces.ed.gov/ccd/Rural_Locales.asp Source: Public Library Survey, FY2008, Institute of Museum and Library Services 21 cities, suburbs, towns and rural areas for each state. Because the codes were developed using a standardized methodology, cross state comparisons of library service areas can be made in a more reliable and consistent manner. As can be seen in the chart, library services are delivered to many different types of communities. A large number of the library outlets in the country are located in rural areas. In a sizable portion of the states (16 of the 50) over 50 percent of their outlets are located in rural areas. Among these states, Alaska, Iowa, North Dakota, Nebraska, South Dakota and Vermont, have over 75 percent of their library outlets in rural areas. Geographic comparisons such as these provide a new way for understanding the nature of library services across the United States. In the coming year, IMLS will use the locale codes to explore some of the ways in which libraries are meeting the needs of these diverse communities. Summary The data suggest that demand for library services is continuing to increase over time. Per person visitation and per person circulation have both increased by nearly 20 percent from FY1999 to FY2008 and library program attendance per person increased 17.6 percent from FY2004 to FY2008. The availability of information technology resources has increased rapidly in response to patron demand; the number of Internet PCs per person nearly doubled from FY2000 to FY2008. There is also evidence that library use patterns have changed somewhat over time. Library visitors are making fewer reference inquiries per visit and checking out fewer materials per visit - reference transactions per visit declined by nearly 25 percent from FY1999 to FY2008 and circulations per visit declined by 5.3 percent from FY1997 to FY2008. At the same time, visitors are becoming more likely to attend library programs such as youth reading events, book clubs and literacy classes - library program attendance per visit increased by 7.5 percent from FY2004 to FY2008. The PLS data also show that libraries have become more expensive to run and more dependent on local funding sources. Per person operating expenditures increased by 15.2 percent from FY1999 to FY2008 and total operating expenditures increased by nearly 30 percent during the same period. The share of operating revenues from local sources increased from 77.7 percent to 82.7 percent from FY1999 to FY2008 while the share of operating revenue from state sources decreased from 12.7 percent to 8.7 percent during the same period. IMLS reports will continue to document this and other related trends during subsequent fiscal years. 22 References Podolsky, A. (1991). Public Libraries in 50 States and the District of Columbia: 1989 (NCES 91- 343). U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics. Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2006 Data files, available at http://harvester.census.gov/imls/data/pls/index.asp. 23 (Page is intentionally blank.) 24 Tables 25 by state: Fiscal year 2008 Population Unduplicated population State of legal service area2 of legal service area3 population estimate4 Number of public Total Response Total Response Total Response State libraries1 (in thousands) rate5 (in thousands) rate5 (in thousands) rate5 Total 9,221 298,390 100.0 294,936 100.0 302,864 100.0 Alabama 210 4,438 100.0 4,438 100.0 4,438 100.0 Alaska 86 680 100.0 680 100.0 680 100.0 Arizona 86 6,489 100.0 6,489 100.0 6,500 100.0 Arkansas 51 2,704 100.0 2,656 100.0 2,776 100.0 California 181 38,049 100.0 38,049 100.0 38,049 100.0 Colorado 115 4,861 100.0 4,861 100.0 4,920 100.0 Connecticut 195 4,307 100.0 3,511 100.0 3,511 100.0 Delaware 21 790 100.0 790 100.0 873 100.0 District of Columbia 1 588 100.0 588 100.0 588 100.0 Florida 80 18,982 100.0 18,776 100.0 18,807 100.0 Georgia 59 9,320 100.0 9,320 100.0 9,320 100.0 Hawaii 1 1,283 100.0 1,283 100.0 1,283 100.0 Idaho 104 1,352 100.0 1,332 100.0 1,524 100.0 Illinois 634 11,681 100.0 11,684 100.0 12,902 100.0 Indiana 238 5,822 100.0 5,700 100.0 6,080 100.0 Iowa 539 2,964 100.0 2,964 100.0 3,003 100.0 Kansas 327 2,367 100.0 2,365 100.0 2,776 100.0 Kentucky 116 4,204 100.0 4,204 100.0 4,241 100.0 Louisiana 68 4,433 100.0 4,411 100.0 4,411 100.0 Maine 272 1,375 100.0 1,212 100.0 1,315 100.0 Maryland 24 5,600 100.0 5,600 100.0 5,600 100.0 Massachusetts 370 6,475 100.0 6,449 100.0 6,450 100.0 Michigan 384 9,962 100.0 9,932 100.0 9,953 100.0 Minnesota 138 5,642 100.0 5,263 100.0 5,263 100.0 Mississippi 50 2,960 100.0 2,939 100.0 2,939 100.0 Missouri 152 5,121 100.0 5,121 100.0 5,912 100.0 Montana 80 900 100.0 900 100.0 900 100.0 Nebraska 270 1,388 100.0 1,299 100.0 1,775 100.0 Nevada 22 2,739 100.0 2,739 100.0 2,739 100.0 New Hampshire 231 1,442 100.0 1,311 100.0 1,315 100.0 See notes at end of table. Table 1. Number of public libraries, population of legal service area, unduplicated population of legal service area, and official state population estimate, 26 Table 1. Number of public libraries, population of legal service area, unduplicated population of legal service area, and official state population estimate, by state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued Population Unduplicated population State of legal service area2 of legal service area3 population estimate4 Number of public Total Response Total Response Total Response State libraries1 (in thousands) rate5 (in thousands) rate5 (in thousands) rate5 New Jersey 303 9,030 100.0 8,336 100.0 8,414 100.0 New Mexico 91 1,555 100.0 1,555 100.0 1,955 100.0 New York 755 19,079 100.0 18,928 100.0 18,928 100.0 North Carolina 77 9,069 100.0 9,069 100.0 9,069 100.0 North Dakota 81 571 100.0 571 100.0 641 100.0 Ohio 251 11,511 100.0 11,511 100.0 11,511 100.0 Oklahoma 115 2,979 100.0 2,979 100.0 3,642 100.0 Oregon 126 3,351 100.0 3,351 100.0 3,745 100.0 Pennsylvania 457 12,060 100.0 11,971 100.0 12,284 100.0 Rhode Island 48 1,298 100.0 1,058 100.0 1,058 100.0 South Carolina 42 4,414 100.0 4,414 100.0 4,414 100.0 South Dakota 114 717 100.0 699 100.0 804 100.0 Tennessee 187 6,082 100.0 6,082 100.0 6,107 100.0 Texas 561 22,262 100.0 22,262 100.0 23,904 100.0 Utah 69 2,636 100.0 2,616 100.0 2,616 100.0 Vermont 183 731 100.0 604 100.0 621 100.0 Virginia 91 7,661 100.0 7,599 100.0 7,712 100.0 Washington 64 6,458 100.0 6,458 100.0 6,588 100.0 West Virginia 97 1,808 100.0 1,808 100.0 1,808 100.0 Wisconsin 381 5,674 100.0 5,674 100.0 5,674 100.0 Wyoming 23 523 100.0 523 100.0 523 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 26 100.0 26 100.0 155 100.0 Puerto Rico 35 2,710 100.0 1,895 100.0 3,954 100.0 NOTE: A state's total population of legal service area may be larger than the state's total unduplicated population of legal service area or the official state population estimate because some public libraries have overlapping service areas. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 1A public library is an administrative entity, the agency that is legally established under local or state law to provide public library service to the population of a local jurisdiction. The administrative entity may have a single public library service outlet, or it may have more than one outlet. The types of administrative structures for public libraries are reported in table 2. See table 3 for additional information on outlets. 2The number of people in the geographic area for which a public library has been established to offer services and from which (or on behalf of which) the library derives revenue, plus any areas served under contract for which the library is the primary service provider. The determination of this figure is the responsibility of the state library agency and should be based on the most recent official state population figures for jurisdictions in the state available from the State Data Center or other official state sources. 4This is the most recent official total population figure for the state that matches the local population figures that are submitted to IMLS. The state data coordinator for the state library agency is instructed to obtain the figure annually from the State Data Center or other official state sources. 3This is the total unduplicated population of those areas in the state that receive library services. The determination of this figure is the responsibility of the state library agency and should be based on the most recent official state population figures for jurisdictions in the state. The population of unserved areas is not included in this figure. 5Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported the item, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. 27 Population of legal service area1 Less 1,000 2,500 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 100,000 250,000 500,000 1,000,000 Number than to to to to to to to to to or of public 1,000 2,499 4,999 9,999 24,999 49,999 99,999 249,999 499,999 999,999 more Response State libraries Percentage distribution rate2 Total 9,221 10.8 17.1 14.5 16.2 19.1 10.5 6.0 3.7 1.1 0.6 0.3 100.0 Alabama 210 7.6 15.2 14.3 22.4 21.9 9.0 6.7 1.9 1.0 † † 100.0 Alaska 86 59.3 14.0 10.5 8.1 2.3 3.5 † 1.2 1.2 † † 100.0 Arizona 86 10.5 11.6 10.5 16.3 19.8 11.6 4.7 10.5 1.2 2.3 1.2 100.0 Arkansas 51 † 3.9 † 11.8 17.6 23.5 31.4 9.8 2.0 † † 100.0 California 181 0.6 1.7 0.6 1.7 12.7 15.5 26.0 26.0 6.6 4.4 4.4 100.0 Colorado 115 9.6 16.5 16.5 16.5 17.4 8.7 4.3 5.2 2.6 2.6 † 100.0 Connecticut 195 0.5 7.2 10.3 21.5 32.8 16.4 8.7 2.6 † † † 100.0 Delaware 21 † † † 28.6 42.9 14.3 9.5 † 4.8 † † 100.0 District of Columbia 1 † † † † † † † † † 100.0 † 100.0 Florida 80 † 2.5 1.3 5.0 15.0 11.3 18.8 17.5 15.0 8.8 5.0 100.0 Georgia 59 † † † † 11.9 16.9 27.1 25.4 11.9 6.8 † 100.0 Hawaii 1 † † † † † † † † † † 100.0 100.0 Idaho 104 21.2 21.2 14.4 18.3 10.6 8.7 4.8 1.0 † † † 100.0 Illinois 634 7.7 21.9 18.3 15.5 18.9 11.7 4.6 1.3 † † 0.2 100.0 Indiana 238 3.8 17.6 16.0 18.9 20.2 12.6 6.7 3.4 0.4 0.4 † 100.0 Iowa 539 19.7 42.9 17.4 10.2 5.6 2.4 1.5 0.4 † † † 100.0 Kansas 327 43.4 27.2 12.8 6.7 5.5 2.1 0.6 0.9 0.6 † † 100.0 Kentucky 116 † 0.9 1.7 12.1 47.4 24.1 9.5 2.6 0.9 0.9 † 100.0 Louisiana 68 † 2.9 1.5 5.9 33.8 23.5 11.8 14.7 5.9 † † 100.0 Maine 272 15.1 30.9 22.8 19.9 9.9 1.1 0.4 † † † † 100.0 Maryland 24 † † † † 4.2 29.2 20.8 20.8 4.2 20.8 † 100.0 Massachusetts 370 7.6 12.7 12.7 18.9 28.9 12.4 5.4 1.1 † 0.3 † 100.0 Michigan 384 1.8 5.7 19.8 25.5 25.0 10.9 6.0 4.2 0.8 0.3 † 100.0 Minnesota 138 10.1 23.2 15.2 15.2 15.9 5.8 2.9 7.2 3.6 † 0.7 100.0 Mississippi 50 † † 2.0 6.0 18.0 34.0 26.0 12.0 2.0 † † 100.0 Missouri 152 3.9 18.4 15.8 17.1 22.4 10.5 5.9 3.3 1.3 1.3 † 100.0 Montana 80 7.5 27.5 22.5 18.8 15.0 2.5 5.0 1.3 † † † 100.0 Nebraska 270 58.1 22.6 7.4 5.9 3.0 2.2 † † 0.7 † † 100.0 Nevada 22 † 18.2 18.2 9.1 9.1 9.1 18.2 4.5 9.1 † 4.5 100.0 New Hampshire 231 12.6 31.2 24.2 17.7 10.0 3.5 0.4 0.4 † † † 100.0 Table 1A. Percentage distribution of public libraries, by population of legal service area and state: Fiscal year 2008 See notes at end of table. 28 Population of legal service area1 Less 1,000 2,500 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 100,000 250,000 500,000 1,000,000 Number than to to to to to to to to to or of public 1,000 2,499 4,999 9,999 24,999 49,999 99,999 249,999 499,999 999,999 more Response State libraries Percentage distribution rate2 New Jersey 303 † 5.3 8.3 26.4 33.0 14.2 8.3 3.0 1.3 0.3 † 100.0 New Mexico 91 27.5 19.8 14.3 15.4 9.9 6.6 3.3 2.2 † 1.1 † 100.0 New York 755 9.1 20.1 17.4 18.4 18.8 11.1 3.6 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.4 100.0 North Carolina 77 † † 2.6 1.3 7.8 15.6 33.8 29.9 6.5 2.6 † 100.0 North Dakota 81 35.8 29.6 11.1 6.2 11.1 2.5 3.7 † † † † 100.0 Ohio 251 1.2 2.0 8.4 22.3 27.9 17.1 11.6 6.0 2.4 1.2 † 100.0 Oklahoma 115 7.8 30.4 20.0 14.8 15.7 5.2 1.7 1.7 0.9 1.7 † 100.0 Oregon 126 11.9 15.1 11.9 15.9 24.6 8.7 5.6 5.6 † 0.8 † 100.0 Pennsylvania 457 0.7 6.8 13.3 21.2 33.7 15.3 6.1 2.0 0.7 † 0.2 100.0 Rhode Island 48 † 2.1 4.2 14.6 41.7 27.1 8.3 2.1 † † † 100.0 South Carolina 42 † † † † 11.9 28.6 23.8 26.2 9.5 † † 100.0 South Dakota 114 34.2 28.1 14.9 9.6 9.6 1.8 0.9 0.9 † † † 100.0 Tennessee 187 9.1 5.3 8.6 19.3 26.7 18.7 8.0 2.1 1.1 1.1 † 100.0 Texas 561 3.0 11.9 18.7 20.3 21.4 12.5 5.3 4.5 1.1 0.5 0.7 100.0 Utah 69 2.9 13.0 17.4 18.8 18.8 17.4 2.9 5.8 1.4 1.4 † 100.0 Vermont 183 19.1 39.9 22.4 10.4 6.6 1.1 0.5 † † † † 100.0 Virginia 91 † 2.2 2.2 5.5 20.9 27.5 19.8 14.3 6.6 † 1.1 100.0 Washington 64 10.9 14.1 7.8 10.9 17.2 9.4 6.3 14.1 3.1 4.7 1.6 100.0 West Virginia 97 1.0 4.1 18.6 28.9 27.8 9.3 9.3 1.0 † † † 100.0 Wisconsin 381 5.5 19.2 24.9 18.6 19.4 7.3 3.1 1.3 0.3 0.3 † 100.0 Wyoming 23 † 4.3 4.3 26.1 30.4 26.1 8.7 † † † † 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 † † † † † 100.0 † † † † † 100.0 Puerto Rico 35 † 2.9 2.9 † 17.1 48.6 8.6 11.4 8.6 † † 100.0 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. Table 1A. Percentage distribution of public libraries, by population of legal service area and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. † Not applicable. 1The number of people in the geographic area for which a public library has been established to offer services and from which (or on behalf of which) the library derives revenue, plus any areas served under contract for which the library is the primary service provider. (See Table 1.) 2Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported population of legal service area, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. 29 Population of legal service area1 Less 1,000 2,500 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 100,000 250,000 500,000 1,000,000 Number Total than to to to to to to to to to or of public population 1,000 2,499 4,999 9,999 24,999 49,999 99,999 249,999 499,999 999,999 more Response State libraries (in thousands) Percentage distribution rate2 Total 9,221 298,390 0.2 0.9 1.6 3.6 9.4 11.3 13.1 17.6 12.3 13.7 16.1 100.0 Alabama 210 4,438 0.2 1.3 2.5 7.5 16.7 16.1 23.8 17.0 14.9 † † 100.0 Alaska 86 680 2.3 2.9 4.8 7.4 3.8 14.2 † 22.7 41.9 † † 100.0 Arizona 86 6,489 0.1 0.3 0.5 1.6 3.8 6.1 4.9 26.2 7.0 25.6 23.7 100.0 Arkansas 51 2,704 † 0.2 † 1.7 6.7 16.4 41.7 21.8 11.5 † † 100.0 California 181 38,049 # # # 0.1 1.0 2.7 8.7 19.3 11.9 16.2 40.2 100.0 Colorado 115 4,861 0.2 0.6 1.4 2.8 6.0 7.5 7.3 20.9 18.7 34.4 † 100.0 Connecticut 195 4,307 # 0.6 1.7 7.3 24.7 25.3 26.1 14.3 † † † 100.0 Delaware 21 790 † † † 4.8 17.4 13.8 17.0 † 47.0 † † 100.0 District of Columbia 1 588 † † † † † † † † † 100.0 † 100.0 Florida 80 18,982 † # # 0.2 1.0 1.8 5.6 12.2 20.6 26.1 32.4 100.0 Georgia 59 9,320 † † † † 1.5 3.9 13.3 25.9 23.2 32.1 † 100.0 Hawaii 1 1,283 † † † † † † † † † † 100.0 100.0 Idaho 104 1,352 1.0 3.0 3.9 10.2 12.1 26.3 28.4 15.2 † † † 100.0 Illinois 634 11,681 0.3 2.0 3.6 6.0 16.4 21.4 16.2 9.2 † † 24.8 100.0 Indiana 238 5,822 0.1 1.2 2.4 5.8 13.5 16.8 20.3 19.9 5.7 14.3 † 100.0 Iowa 539 2,964 2.4 12.8 11.1 13.4 14.7 14.5 19.6 11.4 † † † 100.0 Kansas 327 2,367 2.8 6.1 6.0 6.8 11.2 10.3 6.0 18.3 32.5 † † 100.0 Kentucky 116 4,204 † 0.1 0.2 2.6 21.6 23.7 19.5 8.9 6.6 16.9 † 100.0 Louisiana 68 4,433 † 0.1 0.1 0.7 8.9 13.3 11.8 33.0 32.2 † † 100.0 Maine 272 1,375 1.8 9.7 16.5 28.0 32.6 6.8 4.6 † † † † 100.0 Maryland 24 5,600 † † † † 0.4 4.4 8.0 16.2 4.8 66.2 † 100.0 Massachusetts 370 6,475 0.3 1.2 2.6 8.0 26.2 23.4 21.0 8.2 † 9.3 † 100.0 Michigan 384 9,962 0.1 0.4 2.9 7.2 14.8 14.7 16.9 22.7 10.7 9.5 † 100.0 Minnesota 138 5,642 0.2 0.9 1.4 2.6 6.1 5.3 5.0 27.9 30.7 † 19.9 100.0 Mississippi 50 2,960 † † 0.1 0.8 4.4 21.0 30.7 33.7 9.2 † † 100.0 Missouri 152 5,121 0.1 0.9 1.9 3.9 10.8 10.6 11.9 17.4 12.3 30.1 † 100.0 Montana 80 900 0.3 4.2 7.7 12.8 18.5 9.2 33.7 13.7 † † † 100.0 Nebraska 270 1,388 5.7 6.6 5.1 8.6 9.3 15.0 † † 49.7 † † 100.0 Nevada 22 2,739 † 0.2 0.6 0.6 1.3 2.5 8.2 7.8 24.7 † 54.1 100.0 New Hampshire 231 1,442 1.4 8.4 15.4 19.4 24.2 17.8 6.0 7.5 † † † 100.0 See notes at end of table. Table 1B. Percentage distribution of population of legal service area of public libraries, by state: Fiscal year 2008 30 Population of legal service area1 Less 1,000 2,500 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 100,000 250,000 500,000 1,000,000 Number Total than to to to to to to to to to or of public population 1,000 2,499 4,999 9,999 24,999 49,999 99,999 249,999 499,999 999,999 more Response State libraries (in thousands) Percentage distribution rate2 New Jersey 303 9,030 † 0.3 1.1 6.6 17.3 16.9 19.2 16.5 16.3 5.6 † 100.0 New Mexico 91 1,555 0.9 2.0 3.2 6.9 9.2 11.9 12.8 13.7 † 39.4 † 100.0 New York 755 19,079 0.2 1.3 2.5 5.0 11.4 15.1 9.8 5.2 2.4 5.0 42.0 100.0 North Carolina 77 9,069 † † 0.1 0.1 1.1 5.1 20.0 37.9 17.0 18.7 † 100.0 North Dakota 81 571 3.1 6.7 5.4 6.3 27.0 11.0 40.6 † † † † 100.0 Ohio 251 11,511 # 0.1 0.7 3.6 9.4 12.9 16.2 17.9 19.8 19.5 † 100.0 Oklahoma 115 2,979 0.2 1.9 2.6 3.8 9.6 7.6 6.1 13.8 11.3 43.2 † 100.0 Oregon 126 3,351 0.3 1.0 1.6 4.4 16.2 10.1 13.9 31.5 † 21.2 † 100.0 Pennsylvania 457 12,060 # 0.4 1.8 5.8 20.9 20.6 16.7 11.2 9.9 † 12.6 100.0 Rhode Island 48 1,298 † 0.1 0.6 3.8 24.8 32.5 24.9 13.3 † † † 100.0 South Carolina 42 4,414 † † † † 2.0 9.1 15.2 42.2 31.5 † † 100.0 South Dakota 114 717 3.2 6.9 7.7 11.0 24.8 8.9 11.9 25.6 † † † 100.0 Tennessee 187 6,082 0.2 0.3 1.1 4.1 13.5 20.1 17.0 9.5 11.5 22.8 † 100.0 Texas 561 22,262 # 0.5 1.7 3.7 8.7 11.1 9.3 17.0 9.6 9.1 29.2 100.0 Utah 69 2,636 0.1 0.6 1.5 3.6 7.9 14.5 6.3 24.8 10.9 29.7 † 100.0 Vermont 183 731 3.3 15.8 19.2 17.9 24.9 11.3 7.6 † † † † 100.0 Virginia 91 7,661 † 0.1 0.1 0.5 4.0 11.7 16.9 27.3 25.8 † 13.6 100.0 Washington 64 6,458 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.8 2.6 3.2 4.3 27.7 14.0 27.8 18.9 100.0 West Virginia 97 1,808 # 0.4 4.1 11.1 22.9 16.8 34.6 10.0 † † † 100.0 Wisconsin 381 5,674 0.3 2.2 6.0 8.9 21.8 17.4 15.0 13.4 4.7 10.4 † 100.0 Wyoming 23 523 † 0.4 0.9 8.7 20.7 39.1 30.2 † † † † 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 26 † † † † † 100.0 † † † † † 100.0 Puerto Rico 35 2,710 † 0.1 0.1 † 4.0 22.9 7.2 19.6 46.1 † † 100.0 SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 1The number of people in the geographic area for which a public library has been established to offer services and from which (or on behalf of which) the library derives revenue, plus any areas served under contract for which the library is the primary service provider. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. 2Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported population of legal service area, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. Table 1B. Percentage distribution of population of legal service area of public libraries, by state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued † Not applicable. # Rounds to zero. 31 Type of administrative structure1 Multiple direct Multiple direct service outlets service outlets Number Single direct (administrative office (administrative office of public service outlet2 is not separate)3 is separate)4 Response State libraries rate5 Total 9,221 80.9 17.7 1.3 100.0 Alabama 210 88.1 10.5 1.4 100.0 Alaska 86 91.9 8.1 0 100.0 Arizona 86 69.8 22.1 8.1 100.0 Arkansas 51 31.4 56.9 11.8 100.0 California 181 32.0 60.8 7.2 100.0 Colorado 115 67.8 30.4 1.7 100.0 Connecticut 195 86.2 13.8 0 100.0 Delaware 21 81.0 9.5 9.5 100.0 District of Columbia 1 0 100.0 0 100.0 Florida 80 33.8 53.8 12.5 100.0 Georgia 59 10.2 89.8 0 100.0 Hawaii 1 0 0 100.0 100.0 Idaho 104 79.8 20.2 0 100.0 Illinois 634 91.2 8.8 0 100.0 Indiana 238 67.2 32.4 0.4 100.0 Iowa 539 98.3 1.7 0 100.0 Kansas 327 95.7 4.3 0 100.0 Kentucky 116 19.8 80.2 0 100.0 Louisiana 68 16.2 83.8 0 100.0 Maine 272 99.3 0.7 0 100.0 Maryland 24 0 70.8 29.2 100.0 Massachusetts 370 88.6 11.4 0 100.0 Michigan 384 82.3 16.4 1.3 100.0 Minnesota 138 79.7 15.2 5.1 100.0 Mississippi 50 22.0 76.0 2.0 100.0 Missouri 152 67.8 28.9 3.3 100.0 Montana 80 78.8 21.3 0 100.0 Nebraska 270 96.7 3.3 0 100.0 Nevada 22 36.4 59.1 4.5 100.0 New Hampshire 231 97.8 2.2 0 100.0 See notes at end of table. Table 2. Percentage distribution of public libraries, by type of administrative structure and state: Fiscal year 2008 Percentage distribution 32 Table 2. —Continued Type of administrative structure1 Multiple direct Multiple direct service outlets service outlets Number Single direct (administrative office (administrative office of public service outlet2 is not separate)3 is separate)4 Response State libraries rate5 New Jersey 303 85.5 14.2 0.3 100.0 New Mexico 91 87.9 12.1 0 100.0 New York 755 92.3 7.7 0 100.0 North Carolina 77 14.3 76.6 9.1 100.0 North Dakota 81 81.5 18.5 0 100.0 Ohio 251 56.6 40.2 3.2 100.0 Oklahoma 115 92.2 6.1 1.7 100.0 Oregon 126 81.0 17.5 1.6 100.0 Pennsylvania 457 87.1 12.3 0.7 100.0 Rhode Island 48 81.3 18.8 0 100.0 South Carolina 42 7.1 83.3 9.5 100.0 South Dakota 114 86.0 12.3 1.8 100.0 Tennessee 187 84.5 15.0 0.5 100.0 Texas 561 87.2 12.3 0.5 100.0 Utah 69 69.6 30.4 0 100.0 Vermont 183 96.2 3.8 0 100.0 Virginia 91 31.9 56.0 12.1 100.0 Washington 64 62.5 25.0 12.5 100.0 West Virginia 97 71.1 28.9 0 100.0 Wisconsin 381 94.5 5.2 0.3 100.0 Wyoming 23 13.0 87.0 0 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 0 100.0 0 100.0 Puerto Rico 35 85.7 14.3 0 100.0 Table 2. Percentage distribution of public libraries, by type of administrative structure and state: Fiscal year 2008 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. 1The administrative structure identifies an autonomous library entity (administrative entity) that has its own governance and funding. Percentage distribution SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 5Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported administrative structure, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. 4An administrative entity that serves the public directly with two or more service outlets, including some combination of one central library, branch(es), bookmobile(s), and/or books-by-mail only. The administrative offices are separate from the direct service outlets and do not provide direct library services. 3An administrative entity that serves the public directly with two or more service outlets, including some combination of one central library, branch(es), bookmobile(s), and/or books-by-mail only. 2An administrative entity that serves the public directly with one central library, books-by-mail only, or one bookmobile. 33 (Page is intentionally blank.) 34 Type of administrative structure1 Multiple direct Multiple direct service outlets service outlets Number Single direct (administrative office (administrative office Population of of public service outlet2 is not separate)3 is separate)4 legal service area libraries Total 9,221 80.9 17.7 1.3 1,000,000 or more 27 0 63.0 37.0 500,000 to 999,999 57 0 70.2 29.8 250,000 to 499,999 106 1.9 82.1 16.0 100,000 to 249,999 337 7.4 81.6 11.0 50,000 to 99,999 557 30.2 66.4 3.4 25,000 to 49,999 967 62.3 36.3 1.4 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 81.5 18.1 0.5 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 92.0 7.9 0.1 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 97.3 2.7 0 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 98.7 1.3 0 Less than 1,000 997 99.8 0.2 0 Percentage distribution Table 2A. Percentage distribution of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by type NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. The response rate is included in Table 2. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 1The administrative structure identifies an autonomous library entity (administrative entity) that has its own governance and funding. Table 2A. of administrative structure and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 4An administrative entity that serves the public directly with two or more service outlets, including some combination of one central library, branch(es), bookmobile(s), and/or books-by-mail only. The administrative offices are separate from the direct service outlets and do not provide direct library services. 3An administrative entity that serves the public directly with two or more service outlets, including some combination of one central library, branch(es), bookmobile(s), and/or books-by-mail only. 2An administrative entity that serves the public directly with one central library, books-by-mail only or one bookmobile. 35 Number of outlets Stationary outlets Bookmobiles1 Number Central libraries Branches of public Book- Response Response Response State libraries Branches mobiles Total rate3 Total rate3 Total rate3 Total 9,221 4 1,559 670 16,671 9,042 100.0 7,629 100.0 797 100.0 Alabama 210 21 13 288 209 100.0 79 100.0 16 100.0 Alaska 86 6 2 102 86 100.0 16 100.0 2 100.0 Arizona 86 24 8 207 81 100.0 126 100.0 10 100.0 Arkansas 51 36 3 216 46 100.0 170 100.0 3 100.0 California 181 118 42 1,117 167 100.0 950 100.0 63 100.0 Colorado 115 36 9 250 101 100.0 149 100.0 10 100.0 Connecticut 195 26 9 242 195 100.0 47 100.0 9 100.0 Delaware 21 3 2 33 19 100.0 14 100.0 2 100.0 District of Columbia 1 1 1 27 1 100.0 26 100.0 1 100.0 Florida 80 51 23 518 60 100.0 458 100.0 29 100.0 Georgia 59 53 16 387 59 100.0 328 100.0 17 100.0 Hawaii 1 1 1 51 1 100.0 50 100.0 2 100.0 Idaho 104 17 9 140 102 100.0 38 100.0 10 100.0 Illinois 634 43 21 791 634 100.0 157 100.0 24 100.0 Indiana 238 72 30 434 238 100.0 196 100.0 35 100.0 Iowa 539 8 4 559 539 100.0 20 100.0 4 100.0 Kansas 327 12 3 376 327 100.0 49 100.0 5 100.0 Kentucky 116 33 83 196 116 100.0 80 100.0 87 100.0 Louisiana 68 50 24 332 68 100.0 264 100.0 28 100.0 Maine 272 2 0 278 272 100.0 6 100.0 0 100.0 Maryland 24 24 13 183 15 100.0 168 100.0 18 100.0 Massachusetts 370 40 4 474 370 100.0 104 100.0 4 100.0 Michigan 384 64 14 657 379 100.0 278 100.0 14 100.0 Minnesota 138 25 12 360 128 100.0 232 100.0 13 100.0 Mississippi 50 39 2 237 47 100.0 190 100.0 2 100.0 Missouri 152 43 17 359 140 100.0 219 100.0 29 100.0 Montana 80 15 2 110 80 100.0 30 100.0 2 100.0 Nebraska 270 2 8 287 270 100.0 17 100.0 8 100.0 Nevada 22 14 5 85 19 100.0 66 100.0 5 100.0 New Hampshire 231 5 0 236 231 100.0 5 100.0 0 100.0 See notes at end of table. Table 3. Number of public libraries with branches and bookmobiles, and number of service outlets, by type of outlet and state: Fiscal year 2008 Number of libraries with Total2 36 Number of outlets Stationary outlets Bookmobiles1 Number Central libraries Branches of public Book- Response Response Response State libraries Branches mobiles Total rate3 Total rate3 Total rate3 New Jersey 303 40 12 454 303 100.0 151 100.0 12 100.0 New Mexico 91 10 3 118 91 100.0 27 100.0 3 100.0 New York 755 57 7 1,069 753 100.0 316 100.0 8 100.0 North Carolina 77 64 32 389 66 100.0 323 100.0 35 100.0 North Dakota 81 6 13 90 80 100.0 10 100.0 13 100.0 Ohio 251 101 48 725 241 100.0 484 100.0 64 100.0 Oklahoma 115 9 4 206 115 100.0 91 100.0 5 100.0 Oregon 126 22 10 212 123 100.0 89 100.0 11 100.0 Pennsylvania 457 49 27 629 452 100.0 177 100.0 34 100.0 Rhode Island 48 7 2 72 48 100.0 24 100.0 2 100.0 South Carolina 42 34 31 189 41 100.0 148 100.0 33 100.0 South Dakota 114 11 7 150 114 100.0 36 100.0 8 100.0 Tennessee 187 28 5 289 187 100.0 102 100.0 6 100.0 Texas 561 68 9 864 561 100.0 303 100.0 12 100.0 Utah 69 18 17 116 55 100.0 61 100.0 18 100.0 Vermont 183 3 7 183 180 100.0 3 100.0 7 100.0 Virginia 91 60 29 343 79 100.0 264 100.0 31 100.0 Washington 64 23 12 334 55 100.0 279 100.0 26 100.0 West Virginia 97 27 6 173 97 100.0 76 100.0 7 100.0 Wisconsin 381 18 7 458 378 100.0 80 100.0 8 100.0 Wyoming 23 20 2 76 23 100.0 53 100.0 2 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 1 1 6 1 100.0 5 100.0 1 100.0 Puerto Rico 35 5 0 44 35 100.0 9 100.0 0 100.0 4Of the 9,221 public libraries in the 50 States and DC, 7,469 were single-outlet libraries and 1,752 were multiple-outlet libraries. Single-outlet libraries are a central library, bookmobile, or books- by-mail-only outlet. Multiple-outlet libraries have two or more direct service outlets, including some combination of one central library, branch(es), bookmobile(s), and/or books-by-mail-only outlets. NOTE: Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table 3. Number of public libraries with branches and bookmobiles, and number of service outlets, by type of outlet and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued Total2 Number of libraries with 2Total stationary outlets is the sum of central and branch libraries. 3Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported the item, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. 1A bookmobile is a traveling branch library. It consists of at least one of the following: (1) A truck or van that carries an organized collection of library materials; (2) paid staff; and (3) regularly scheduled hours (bookmobile stops) for being open to the public. 37 (Page is intentionally blank.) 38 Table 3A. Number of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, with branches and bookmobiles, and number of service outlets, by type of outlet and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 Number of outlets Number Stationary outlets Population of of public Book- Central Book- legal service area libraries Branches mobiles1 Total2 libraries Branches mobiles1 Total 9,221 3 1,559 670 16,671 9,042 7,629 797 1,000,000 or more 27 27 14 1,126 18 1,108 35 500,000 to 999,999 57 57 34 1,156 40 1,116 70 250,000 to 499,999 106 104 47 1,141 85 1,056 71 100,000 to 249,999 337 304 130 2,010 294 1,716 152 50,000 to 99,999 557 353 152 1,646 534 1,112 167 25,000 to 49,999 967 310 127 1,705 944 761 132 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 257 111 2,275 1,741 534 115 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 98 32 1,647 1,487 160 32 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 31 13 1,372 1,332 40 13 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 17 8 1,594 1,570 24 8 Less than 1,000 997 1 2 999 997 2 2 Number of libraries with 3Of the 9,221 public libraries in the 50 States and DC, 7,469 were single-outlet libraries and 1,752 were multiple-outlet libraries. Single-outlet libraries are a central library, bookmobile, or books-by-mail-only outlet. Multiple-outlet libraries have two or more direct service outlets, including some combination of one central library, branch(es), bookmobile(s), and/or books-by-mail-only outlets. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 1A bookmobile is a traveling branch library. It consists of at least one of the following: (1) A truck or van that carries an organized collection of library materials; (2) paid staff; and (3) regularly scheduled hours (bookmobile stops) for being open to the public. NOTE: The response rates are included in Table 3. 2Total stationary outlets is the sum of central and branch libraries. 39 Table 4. Percentage distribution of public libraries, by average number of weekly public service hours per outlet and state: Fiscal year 2008 Average number of weekly public service hours per outlet1 Number Less 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 of public than 10 to 19 to 29 to 39 to 49 to 59 to 69 or more Response State libraries Percentage distribution rate2 Total 9,221 2.3 7.5 16.2 21.6 24.0 17.9 9.4 1.0 98.6 Alabama 210 0 6.2 17.1 23.3 34.8 12.4 4.8 1.4 99.0 Alaska 86 16.3 36.0 10.5 7.0 16.3 9.3 3.5 1.2 100.0 Arizona 86 0 2.3 12.8 24.4 30.2 22.1 8.1 0 95.3 Arkansas 51 0 3.9 19.6 33.3 25.5 9.8 7.8 0 96.1 California 181 0 6.1 13.8 26.0 26.0 23.8 4.4 0 99.4 Colorado 115 0.9 7.0 10.4 20.9 23.5 20.0 16.5 0.9 100.0 Connecticut 195 2.1 3.1 9.7 18.5 26.2 31.3 9.2 0 92.8 Delaware 21 0 0 0 0 57.1 33.3 9.5 0 100.0 District of Columbia 1 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 0 0 100.0 Florida 80 0 1.3 5.0 16.3 43.8 23.8 8.8 1.3 95.0 Georgia 59 0 0 10.2 33.9 33.9 16.9 3.4 1.7 100.0 Hawaii 1 0 0 0 100.0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Idaho 104 1.0 11.5 25.0 32.7 15.4 12.5 1.9 0 98.1 Illinois 634 0.2 1.9 16.6 20.0 16.2 18.3 22.9 3.9 98.7 Indiana 238 0.8 1.7 7.6 21.8 22.7 27.7 17.2 0.4 100.0 Iowa 539 3.3 9.5 34.3 20.6 17.8 8.2 5.8 0.6 96.8 Kansas 327 5.5 25.1 14.4 15.6 17.4 12.8 7.3 1.5 98.2 Kentucky 116 0 0.9 6.0 34.5 37.9 12.1 5.2 3.4 100.0 Louisiana 68 0 1.5 16.2 35.3 27.9 17.6 1.5 0 100.0 Maine 272 12.9 25.0 22.1 19.1 12.5 7.0 1.5 0 99.3 Maryland 24 0 0 0 20.8 29.2 29.2 12.5 8.3 100.0 Massachusetts 370 2.4 14.1 13.8 20.5 27.8 13.2 7.8 0.3 99.2 Michigan 384 0 2.6 12.2 23.4 27.9 25.8 7.0 1.0 98.7 Minnesota 138 2.2 4.3 18.1 25.4 36.2 12.3 1.4 0 99.3 Mississippi 50 0 4.0 16.0 30.0 32.0 16.0 2.0 0 100.0 Missouri 152 0 5.3 15.1 27.6 25.0 12.5 12.5 2.0 100.0 Montana 80 0 11.3 20.0 27.5 27.5 11.3 1.3 1.3 100.0 Nebraska 270 15.6 21.5 25.2 16.3 7.8 6.3 7.0 0.4 99.6 Nevada 22 0 13.6 27.3 22.7 18.2 18.2 0 0 100.0 New Hampshire 231 8.2 16.0 21.6 24.7 13.9 11.7 3.5 0 97.8 See notes at end of table. 40 Average number of weekly public service hours per outlet1 Number Less 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 of public than 10 to 19 to 29 to 39 to 49 to 59 to 69 or more Response State libraries Percentage distribution rate2 New Jersey 303 0.3 0.3 4.0 10.6 25.1 38.3 19.8 1.7 92.7 New Mexico 91 1.1 6.6 14.3 24.2 28.6 19.8 4.4 1.1 98.9 New York 755 0 3.2 25.0 18.5 18.4 17.6 15.6 1.6 100.0 North Carolina 77 0 0 6.5 24.7 35.1 20.8 11.7 1.3 100.0 North Dakota 81 11.1 19.8 29.6 18.5 14.8 3.7 2.5 0 100.0 Ohio 251 0 2.4 7.2 13.9 17.9 34.7 22.3 1.6 100.0 Oklahoma 115 0 10.4 7.8 21.7 33.9 20.0 5.2 0.9 100.0 Oregon 126 0.8 11.1 19.0 23.0 24.6 17.5 2.4 1.6 100.0 Pennsylvania 457 0 1.1 4.4 23.2 33.0 27.8 9.6 0.9 99.3 Rhode Island 48 0 2.1 10.4 22.9 20.8 29.2 14.6 0 97.9 South Carolina 42 0 4.8 16.7 28.6 38.1 11.9 0 0 100.0 South Dakota 114 4.4 16.7 25.4 17.5 17.5 14.0 4.4 0 90.4 Tennessee 187 0.5 4.3 12.3 21.4 42.8 12.3 5.3 1.1 100.0 Texas 561 0.4 5.2 16.4 29.1 30.1 13.7 4.8 0.4 100.0 Utah 69 2.9 11.6 11.6 27.5 18.8 14.5 11.6 1.4 98.6 Vermont 183 9.8 21.3 30.1 20.2 13.1 4.9 0.5 0 93.4 Virginia 91 0 0 4.4 15.4 34.1 30.8 14.3 1.1 100.0 Washington 64 4.7 10.9 7.8 28.1 29.7 17.2 1.6 0 100.0 West Virginia 97 0 0 3.1 38.1 41.2 13.4 4.1 0 100.0 Wisconsin 381 0.3 1.6 15.5 19.2 25.7 24.7 12.9 0.3 100.0 Wyoming 23 0 13.0 17.4 26.1 34.8 8.7 0 0 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 0 0 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Puerto Rico 35 0 2.9 0 45.7 17.1 5.7 11.4 5.7 88.6 Table 4. Percentage distribution of public libraries, by average number of weekly public service hours per outlet and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued 2Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported public service hours, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. 1These data are derived from the total public service hours per year and the total outlets (central, branch, bookmobile, and books-by-mail) of public libraries. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 41 (Page is intentionally blank.) 42 per outlet and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 Average number of weekly public service hours per outlet1 Number Less 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Population of of public than 10 to 19 to 29 to 39 to 49 to 59 to 69 or more legal service area libraries Percentage distribution Total 9,221 2.3 7.5 16.2 21.6 24.0 17.9 9.4 1.0 1,000,000 or more 27 0 0 0 18.5 48.1 25.9 7.4 0 500,000 to 999,999 57 0 0 0 15.8 42.1 31.6 8.8 1.8 250,000 to 499,999 106 0 0 1.9 14.2 39.6 35.8 7.5 0.9 100,000 to 249,999 337 0 1.2 5.9 21.7 33.5 23.1 11.9 2.7 50,000 to 99,999 557 0 1.1 8.1 22.1 23.9 24.4 17.2 3.2 25,000 to 49,999 967 0 1.2 7.2 13.8 19.8 26.9 27.3 3.8 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 0.2 1.8 5.2 12.8 28.0 32.8 18.3 1.0 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 0.4 2.3 7.1 23.8 35.6 23.1 7.4 0.2 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 1.0 4.8 17.8 34.3 30.3 10.1 1.3 0.4 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 2.7 12.1 37.8 29.6 14.7 2.8 0.2 0 Less than 1,000 997 14.4 35.4 32.5 12.5 3.6 1.0 0.1 0.2 1These data are derived from the total public service hours per year and the total outlets (central, branch, bookmobile, and books-by-mail) of public libraries. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. The response rate is included in Table 4. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table 4A. Percentage distribution of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by average number of weekly public service hours 43 Type of legal basis1 Nonprofit association Number Municipal County/ City/ Multi- or agency School Library of public government2 parish3 county4 jurisdictional5 libraries6 district7 district8 Other9 Response State libraries Percentage distribution rate10 Total 9,221 52.9 9.8 1.0 3.4 14.9 2.0 14.6 1.5 100.0 Alabama 210 74.8 7.6 0.5 17.1 0 0 0 0 100.0 Alaska 86 40.7 17.4 0 7.0 24.4 0 0 10.5 100.0 Arizona 86 53.5 9.3 10.5 1.2 7.0 1.2 3.5 14.0 100.0 Arkansas 51 19.6 41.2 2.0 31.4 0 0 0 5.9 100.0 California 181 64.1 24.3 2.2 2.8 0 1.7 5.0 0 100.0 Colorado 115 35.7 12.2 0 7.0 0 0.9 44.3 0 100.0 Connecticut 195 51.8 0 0 0 48.2 0 0 0 100.0 Delaware 21 14.3 28.6 4.8 0 0 0 52.4 0 100.0 District of Columbia 1 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Florida 80 37.5 43.8 1.3 15.0 0 0 2.5 0 100.0 Georgia 59 0 44.1 0 55.9 0 0 0 0 100.0 Hawaii 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 100.0 Idaho 104 48.1 0 0 0 0 0 51.9 0 100.0 Illinois 634 49.2 0 0 0 0 0 50.8 0 100.0 Indiana 238 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 100.0 Iowa 539 99.1 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 100.0 Kansas 327 91.4 4.3 0 0.9 0 0 2.8 0.6 100.0 Kentucky 116 0 9.5 0 0.9 0 0 89.7 0 100.0 Louisiana 68 5.9 88.2 1.5 2.9 0 1.5 0 0 100.0 Maine 272 37.9 0 0 0 62.1 0 0 0 100.0 Maryland 24 4.2 95.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Massachusetts 370 93.2 0 0 0.3 6.5 0 0 0 100.0 Michigan 384 50.8 4.9 0 0 0 4.9 39.3 0 100.0 Minnesota 138 75.4 9.4 7.2 8.0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Mississippi 50 4.0 34.0 26.0 34.0 2.0 0 0 0 100.0 Missouri 152 13.2 0 0 0 1.3 0 85.5 0 100.0 Montana 80 36.3 33.8 16.3 13.8 0 0 0 0 100.0 Nebraska 270 95.9 3.7 0 0.4 0 0 0 0 100.0 Nevada 22 4.5 50.0 0 4.5 0 0 40.9 0 100.0 New Hampshire 231 91.8 0 0 0.4 6.9 0 0 0.9 100.0 See notes at end of table. Table 5. Percentage distribution of public libraries, by type of legal basis and state: Fiscal year 2008 44 Type of legal basis1 Nonprofit association Number Municipal County/ City/ Multi- or agency School Library of public government2 parish3 county4 jurisdictional5 libraries6 district7 district8 Other9 Response State libraries Percentage distribution rate10 New Jersey 303 76.9 4.6 0 2.0 16.5 0 0 0 100.0 New Mexico 91 62.6 1.1 2.2 0 14.3 0 0 19.8 100.0 New York 755 26.1 0.8 0 0 47.3 0.1 25.2 0.5 100.0 North Carolina 77 14.3 54.5 1.3 19.5 6.5 0 0 3.9 100.0 North Dakota 81 65.4 11.1 8.6 14.8 0 0 0 0 100.0 Ohio 251 8.8 22.7 0 0 7.6 59.8 0.4 0.8 100.0 Oklahoma 115 87.8 5.2 0.9 6.1 0 0 0 0 100.0 Oregon 126 68.3 11.1 0 0 3.2 3.2 14.3 0 100.0 Pennsylvania 457 0 0.2 0 0 85.1 0 0 14.7 100.0 Rhode Island 48 47.9 0 0 0 52.1 0 0 0 100.0 South Carolina 42 2.4 92.9 0 4.8 0 0 0 0 100.0 South Dakota 114 65.8 10.5 5.3 13.2 0.9 0 0 4.4 100.0 Tennessee 187 56.1 40.1 3.7 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Texas 561 56.7 20.0 2.0 1.8 16.4 0.2 2.5 0.5 100.0 Utah 69 60.9 37.7 1.4 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Vermont 183 54.1 0 0 5.5 39.9 0 0.5 0 100.0 Virginia 91 25.3 39.6 0 25.3 9.9 0 0 0 100.0 Washington 64 59.4 1.6 0 0 0 0 39.1 0 100.0 West Virginia 97 49.5 33.0 0 17.5 0 0 0 0 100.0 Wisconsin 381 88.5 2.1 0.8 7.1 0 0.3 0 1.3 100.0 Wyoming 23 0 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 100.0 Puerto Rico 35 34.3 0 0 0 5.7 0 0 60.0 100.0 Table 5. Percentage distribution of public libraries, by type of legal basis and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued 1Type of legal basis refers to the type of local government structure within which the library functions. 5A public library that is operated jointly by two or more units of local government under an intergovernmental agreement. 4A multi-jurisdictional entity that is operated jointly by a county and a city. 3An organized local government authorized in a state’s constitution and statutes and established to provide general government. 2An organized local government authorized in a state’s constitution and statutes and established to provide general government for a specific concentration of population in a defined area. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. 6A public library that is privately controlled but meets the statutory definition of a public library in a given state. 7A public library that is under the legal basis of a school district. 8A local entity other than a county, municipality, township, or school district is authorized by state law to establish and operate a public library. 9This includes libraries under the legal basis of Native American Tribal Government and combined public/school libraries. 10Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported type of legal basis, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rate below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. 45 (Page is intentionally blank.) 46 Table 5A. area: Fiscal year 2008 Type of legal basis1 Nonprofit association Number Municipal County/ City/ Multi- or agency School Library Population of of public government2 parish3 county4 jurisdictional5 libraries6 district7 district8 Other9 legal service area libraries Percentage distribution Total 9,221 52.9 9.8 1.0 3.4 14.9 2.0 14.6 1.5 1,000,000 or more 27 25.9 40.7 0 7.4 11.1 0 11.1 3.7 500,000 to 999,999 57 19.3 52.6 8.8 5.3 1.8 0 12.3 0 250,000 to 499,999 106 16.0 48.1 3.8 17.9 3.8 0.9 9.4 0 100,000 to 249,999 337 35.3 30.6 2.1 13.9 3.9 0.9 12.2 1.2 50,000 to 99,999 557 40.4 21.2 2.9 10.4 7.4 2.2 14.4 1.3 25,000 to 49,999 967 40.1 18.0 1.0 5.0 11.9 2.1 20.6 1.3 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 45.4 10.9 1.1 2.3 15.3 3.2 20.2 1.5 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 50.7 6.7 0.5 1.8 18.6 3.9 16.4 1.4 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 56.5 4.9 1.0 1.6 18.7 1.5 14.2 1.8 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 66.3 3.3 0.5 1.7 16.1 0.5 10.3 1.2 Less than 1,000 997 75.4 1.0 0.2 1.8 14.2 0.3 4.8 2.2 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. The response rate is included in Table 5. Data were not imputed for outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 4A multi-jurisdictional entity that is operated jointly by a county and a city. 5A public library that is operated jointly by two or more units of local government under an intergovernmental agreement. 6A public library that is privately controlled but meets the statutory definition of a public library in a given state. 7A public library that is under the legal basis of a school district. Table 5A. Percentage distribution of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by type of legal basis and population of legal service 1Type of legal basis refers to the type of local government structure within which the library functions. 2An organized local government authorized in a state’s constitution and statutes and established to provide general government for a specific concentration of population in a defined area. 3An organized local government authorized in a state’s constitution and statutes and established to provide general government. 9This includes libraries under the legal basis of Native American Tribal Government and combined public/school libraries. 8A local entity other than a county, municipality, township, or school district is authorized by state law to establish and operate a public library. 47 Type of geographic service area1 Municipal government County/parish Metropolitan area Multicounty School district Number Most Most Most Most Most of public Exactly nearly Exactly nearly Exactly nearly Exactly nearly Exactly nearly Other Response State libraries Percentage distribution rate2 Total 9,221 34.6 15.9 12.2 5.5 0.1 0.1 1.4 0.4 4.8 0.6 24.5 100.0 Alabama 210 70.5 5.2 12.9 9.0 0 0 1.0 1.0 0 0 0.5 100.0 Alaska 86 79.1 3.5 16.3 0 1.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Arizona 86 11.6 47.7 5.8 10.5 7.0 0 0 1.2 0 1.2 15.1 100.0 Arkansas 51 21.6 0 41.2 0 2.0 0 29.4 2.0 0 0 3.9 100.0 California 181 60.2 7.2 16.0 13.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0 0.6 1.1 0 100.0 Colorado 115 33.9 0.9 21.7 7.8 0 0 0 0.9 27.8 2.6 4.3 100.0 Connecticut 195 84.6 15.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Delaware 21 90.5 4.8 4.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 District of Columbia 1 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Florida 80 36.3 1.3 41.3 8.8 0 0 12.5 0 0 0 0 100.0 Georgia 59 0 0 44.1 0 0 0 55.9 0 0 0 0 100.0 Hawaii 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 100.0 Idaho 104 42.3 0 10.6 1.0 0 0 0 1.0 17.3 3.8 24.0 100.0 Illinois 634 28.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 71.8 100.0 Indiana 238 14.3 0.8 9.7 4.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 70.6 100.0 Iowa 539 0.2 99.4 0 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Kansas 327 91.7 0 4.3 3.1 0 0 0 0 0.3 0 0.6 100.0 Kentucky 116 0 0 99.1 0 0 0 0.9 0 0 0 0 100.0 Louisiana 68 5.9 0 89.7 0 0 0 1.5 0 0 0 2.9 100.0 Maine 272 0 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Maryland 24 0 4.2 95.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Massachusetts 370 10.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 89.2 100.0 Michigan 384 23.2 1.0 2.9 2.6 0 0.3 0.3 0 6.8 3.1 59.9 100.0 Minnesota 138 71.0 9.4 11.6 0 0 0 5.1 0 0 0 2.9 100.0 Mississippi 50 0 4.0 62.0 0 0 0 32.0 2.0 0 0 0 100.0 Missouri 152 37.5 19.7 25.0 7.9 0 0 2.0 6.6 1.3 0 0 100.0 Montana 80 31.3 8.8 41.3 18.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Nebraska 270 88.5 7.8 3.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 100.0 Nevada 22 0 0 54.5 0 0 0 4.5 0 0 0 40.9 100.0 New Hampshire 231 97.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 2.2 100.0 See notes at end of table. Table 6. Percentage distribution of public libraries, by type of geographic service area and state: Fiscal year 2008 48 Type of geographic service area1 Municipal government County/parish Metropolitan area Multicounty School district Number Most Most Most Most Most of public Exactly nearly Exactly nearly Exactly nearly Exactly nearly Exactly nearly Other Response State libraries Percentage distribution rate2 New Jersey 303 95.4 0 4.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 New Mexico 91 57.1 3.3 5.5 1.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 33.0 100.0 New York 755 4.8 0 1.1 0 0 0 0.1 0 24.2 0.1 69.7 100.0 North Carolina 77 13.0 0 54.5 14.3 0 0 14.3 3.9 0 0 0 100.0 North Dakota 81 71.6 0 19.8 0 0 0 7.4 0 0 1.2 0 100.0 Ohio 251 8.8 0.8 22.7 0 0 0 0.4 0 57.4 2.4 7.6 100.0 Oklahoma 115 87.8 0 7.0 0 0 0 5.2 0 0 0 0 100.0 Oregon 126 68.3 0.8 17.5 0.8 0 0.8 0 0 4.0 0 7.9 100.0 Pennsylvania 457 1.3 3.1 2.8 1.1 0 0 0 0 1.1 0.7 89.9 100.0 Rhode Island 48 97.9 2.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 South Carolina 42 2.4 0 92.9 0 0 0 4.8 0 0 0 0 100.0 South Dakota 114 36.0 19.3 13.2 8.8 0 1.8 0 2.6 1.8 13.2 3.5 100.0 Tennessee 187 31.0 21.4 33.7 13.9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Texas 561 34.4 0.2 21.4 39.4 0 0 0.4 0 3.2 0 1.1 100.0 Utah 69 59.4 1.4 18.8 20.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Vermont 183 82.0 16.4 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 0 100.0 Virginia 91 25.3 0 41.8 7.7 1.1 1.1 9.9 12.1 0 0 1.1 100.0 Washington 64 56.3 3.1 6.3 18.8 0 0 0 7.8 1.6 1.6 4.7 100.0 West Virginia 97 0 3.1 37.1 58.8 0 0 1.0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Wisconsin 381 0.8 94.8 2.1 2.1 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 0 100.0 Wyoming 23 0 0 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 100.0 Puerto Rico 35 2.9 80.0 0 0 2.9 8.6 0 0 0 0 5.7 100.0 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table 6. Percentage distribution of public libraries, by type of geographic service area and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued 1The types of geographic service areas (Municipal government, County/parish, Metropolitan area, etc.) are from U.S. Census Bureau geography. Public libraries identified the geographic service area type that either exactly or most nearly described the geographic area for which the public library was established to offer services and from which (or on behalf of which) the library derives income, and any areas under contract for which the library is the primary service provider. 2Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported geographic service area, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rate below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed. Data was not imputed for outlying areas. 49 (Page is intentionally blank.) 50 Table 6A. Fiscal year 2008 Type of geographic service area1 Municipal government County/parish Metropolitan area Multicounty School district Number Most Most Most Most Most Population of of public Exactly nearly Exactly nearly Exactly nearly Exactly nearly Exactly nearly Other legal service area libraries Percentage distribution Total 9,221 34.6 15.9 12.2 5.5 0.1 0.1 1.4 0.4 4.8 0.6 24.5 1,000,000 or more 27 22.2 0 22.2 40.7 3.7 0 3.7 0 0 0 7.4 500,000 to 999,999 57 15.8 3.5 49.1 22.8 0 0 3.5 3.5 0 0 1.8 250,000 to 499,999 106 14.2 2.8 46.2 15.1 0.9 0 10.4 1.9 0.9 0 7.5 100,000 to 249,999 337 29.7 3.6 32.6 11.6 0 0.3 10.1 3.9 2.4 0.6 5.3 50,000 to 99,999 557 30.3 6.8 27.1 7.4 0.4 0.2 7.2 1.4 4.1 0.4 14.7 25,000 to 49,999 967 29.2 7.7 23.2 6.4 0.4 0.2 2.9 0.6 7.3 0.6 21.5 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 28.8 10.9 15.7 5.8 0 0 0.6 0.3 7.5 0.5 29.8 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 31.5 15.2 9.6 5.7 0 0.1 0.1 0.1 7.3 0.7 29.7 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 31.9 21.7 5.0 6.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0 3.7 0.4 30.8 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 39.7 27.0 3.4 2.5 0.1 0 0 0 2.0 0.7 24.7 Less than 1,000 997 57.9 20.6 1.3 0.9 0 0 0.1 0 1.2 0.7 17.4 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. The response rate is included in Table 6. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. 1The types of geographic service areas (Municipal government, County/parish, Metropolitan area, etc.) are from U.S. Census Bureau geography. Public libraries identified the geographic service area type that either exactly or most nearly described the geographic area for which the public library was established to offer services and from which (or on behalf of which) the library derives income, and any areas under contract for which the library is the primary service provider. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table 6A. Percentage distribution of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by type of geographic service area and population of legal service area: 51 Type of interlibrary relationship Headquarters Member of Not a member of Number of a federation a federation or a federation or of public or cooperative1 cooperative2 cooperative Response State libraries Percentage distribution rate3 Total 9,221 1.2 75.6 23.2 100.0 Alabama 210 6.7 63.3 30.0 100.0 Alaska 86 0 0 100.0 100.0 Arizona 86 4.7 43.0 52.3 100.0 Arkansas 51 0 0 100.0 100.0 California 181 0 96.7 3.3 100.0 Colorado 115 0 100.0 0 100.0 Connecticut 195 0 95.4 4.6 100.0 Delaware 21 0 0 100.0 100.0 District of Columbia 1 0 0 100.0 100.0 Florida 80 8.8 40.0 51.3 100.0 Georgia 59 0 0 100.0 100.0 Hawaii 1 0 100.0 0 100.0 Idaho 104 0 55.8 44.2 100.0 Illinois 634 0.2 98.6 1.3 100.0 Indiana 238 0 98.3 1.7 100.0 Iowa 539 0 100.0 0 100.0 Kansas 327 1.8 93.6 4.6 100.0 Kentucky 116 0 0 100.0 100.0 Louisiana 68 0 0 100.0 100.0 Maine 272 0.7 86.0 13.2 100.0 Maryland 24 0 58.3 41.7 100.0 Massachusetts 370 0 100.0 0 100.0 Michigan 384 0 99.2 0.8 100.0 Minnesota 138 7.2 89.1 3.6 100.0 Mississippi 50 0 0 100.0 100.0 Missouri 152 0 0 100.0 100.0 Montana 80 7.5 92.5 0 100.0 Nebraska 270 0 100.0 0 100.0 Nevada 22 0 50.0 50.0 100.0 New Hampshire 231 0 90.5 9.5 100.0 See notes at end of table. Table 7. Percentage distribution of public libraries, by type of interlibrary relationship and state: Fiscal year 2008 52 Table 7. —Continued Type of interlibrary relationship Headquarters Member of Not a member of Number of a federation a federation or a federation or of public or cooperative1 cooperative2 cooperative Response State libraries Percentage distribution rate3 New Jersey 303 0 96.0 4.0 100.0 New Mexico 91 1.1 8.8 90.1 100.0 New York 755 0.7 99.1 0.3 100.0 North Carolina 77 1.3 0 98.7 100.0 North Dakota 81 2.5 0 97.5 100.0 Ohio 251 0 73.7 26.3 100.0 Oklahoma 115 7.0 0 93.0 100.0 Oregon 126 4.8 73.8 21.4 100.0 Pennsylvania 457 4.2 67.2 28.7 100.0 Rhode Island 48 2.1 95.8 2.1 100.0 South Carolina 42 4.8 0 95.2 100.0 South Dakota 114 0.9 0 99.1 100.0 Tennessee 187 0 93.0 7.0 100.0 Texas 561 0 95.7 4.3 100.0 Utah 69 0 0 100.0 100.0 Vermont 183 0.5 0.5 98.9 100.0 Virginia 91 0 0 100.0 100.0 Washington 64 0 0 100.0 100.0 West Virginia 97 11.3 51.5 37.1 100.0 Wisconsin 381 0 100.0 0 100.0 Wyoming 23 0 100.0 0 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 0 0 100.0 100.0 Puerto Rico 35 0 0 100.0 100.0 Table 7. Percentage distribution of public libraries, by type of interlibrary relationship and state: Fiscal year 2008 SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. 1The library or entity that provides the physical space and staff who manage, coordinate, or administer the programs of the federation or cooperative. 2An autonomous library joined by formal or informal agreement(s) with (a) other autonomous libraries in the same state to perform various services cooperatively, such as resource sharing, communications, etc. and (b) libraries that are part of national, multi-state or statewide library federations or cooperatives. This excludes the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) system; multiple-outlet administrative entities (e.g., libraries with branches that have the word “system” in their legal name) if the entity does not have an agreement with another autonomous library; and libraries that serve as the headquarters of a federation or cooperative. 3Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported interlibrary relationship, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. 53 (Page is intentionally blank.) 54 of interlibrary relationship and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 Type of interlibrary relationship Headquarters Member of Not a member of Number of a federation a federation or a federation or Population of of public or cooperative1 cooperative2 cooperative legal service area libraries Percentage distribution Total 9,221 1.2 75.6 23.2 1,000,000 or more 27 18.5 55.6 25.9 500,000 to 999,999 57 8.8 45.6 45.6 250,000 to 499,999 106 6.6 46.2 47.2 100,000 to 249,999 337 5.9 53.1 40.9 50,000 to 99,999 557 5.2 62.3 32.5 25,000 to 49,999 967 1.7 72.2 26.2 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 1.0 77.1 21.9 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 0.3 81.8 17.9 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 0.3 82.7 17.0 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 0 79.2 20.8 Less than 1,000 997 0.1 72.0 27.9 Table 7A. Percentage distribution of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by type NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. The response rate is included in Table 7. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 2An autonomous library joined by formal or informal agreement(s) with (a) other autonomous libraries in the same state to perform various services cooperatively, such as resource sharing, communications, etc. and (b) libraries that are part of national, multi-state or statewide library federations or cooperatives. This excludes the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) system; multiple-outlet administrative entities (e.g., libraries with branches that have the word “system” in their legal name) if the entity does not have an agreement with another autonomous library; and libraries that serve as the headquarters of a federation or cooperative. 1The library or entity that provides the physical space and staff who manage, coordinate, or administer the programs of the federation or cooperative. 55 Library visits Reference transactions Total circulation Registered Borrowers Number of public Total Per Response Total Per Response Total Per Response Total Per Response State libraries (in thous.) capita1 rate2 (in thous.) capita1 rate2 (in thous.) capita1 rate2 (in thous.) capita1 rate2 Total 9,221 1,504,861 5.1 93.5 300,917 1.0 92.5 2,277,549 7.7 97.8 166,892 0.6 96.1 Alabama 210 15,477 3.5 91.4 3,397 0.8 93.3 19,480 4.4 99.0 2,321 0.5 100.0 Alaska 86 3,473 5.1 100.0 424 0.6 100.0 4,276 6.3 100.0 387 0.6 100.0 Arizona 86 26,196 4.0 94.2 4,561 0.7 83.7 47,617 7.3 94.2 3,787 0.6 90.7 Arkansas 51 9,909 3.7 94.1 1,839 0.7 92.2 13,099 4.9 96.1 1,498 0.6 94.1 California 181 171,873 4.5 92.3 32,546 0.9 98.9 220,108 5.8 99.4 21,100 0.6 99.4 Colorado 115 30,666 6.3 100.0 5,905 1.2 90.4 58,214 12.0 99.1 2,705 0.6 99.1 Connecticut 195 23,775 6.8 89.7 4,879 1.4 85.6 32,866 9.4 92.8 2,165 0.6 92.8 Delaware 21 4,361 5.5 100.0 465 0.6 100.0 8,210 10.4 100.0 416 0.5 100.0 District of Columbia 1 2,705 4.6 100.0 833 1.4 0 1,782 3.0 100.0 304 0.5 0 Florida 80 84,363 4.5 93.8 29,435 1.6 88.8 115,644 6.2 96.3 10,536 0.6 96.3 Georgia 59 36,980 4.0 100.0 9,386 1.0 96.6 43,664 4.7 100.0 3,735 0.4 100.0 Hawaii 1 5,891 4.6 100.0 895 0.7 100.0 7,020 5.5 100.0 875 0.7 100.0 Idaho 104 8,550 6.4 91.3 1,119 0.8 87.5 12,478 9.4 98.1 725 0.5 98.1 Illinois 634 77,553 6.6 97.9 14,064 1.2 98.4 105,342 9.0 98.7 5,356 0.5 98.9 Indiana 238 41,168 7.2 98.3 5,594 1.0 100.0 78,211 13.7 100.0 3,908 0.7 100.0 Iowa 539 18,534 6.3 90.9 1,864 0.6 91.8 28,349 9.6 96.3 2,012 0.7 95.2 Kansas 327 14,671 6.2 98.2 2,581 1.1 97.6 26,903 11.4 98.8 1,830 0.8 96.6 Kentucky 116 18,512 4.4 100.0 3,594 0.9 100.0 28,156 6.7 100.0 2,295 0.5 100.0 Louisiana 68 14,632 3.3 100.0 5,085 1.2 100.0 17,676 4.0 100.0 2,481 0.6 100.0 Maine 272 7,188 5.9 89.7 747 0.6 83.5 9,310 7.7 94.1 771 0.6 93.0 Maryland 24 32,814 5.9 95.8 5,905 1.1 100.0 55,165 9.9 100.0 3,251 0.6 100.0 Massachusetts 370 42,169 6.5 66.8 5,515 0.9 78.6 54,183 8.4 99.2 3,668 0.6 83.0 Michigan 384 54,390 5.5 93.5 8,974 0.9 91.9 79,293 8.0 98.4 5,193 0.5 97.4 Minnesota 138 28,793 5.5 97.8 4,193 0.8 95.7 56,508 10.7 100.0 4,025 0.8 89.9 Mississippi 50 8,859 3.0 100.0 1,698 0.6 100.0 8,572 2.9 100.0 1,413 0.5 100.0 Missouri 152 28,353 5.5 82.2 5,484 1.1 70.4 47,987 9.4 100.0 3,088 0.6 97.4 Montana 80 4,063 4.5 100.0 413 0.5 100.0 5,832 6.5 100.0 447 0.5 100.0 Nebraska 270 8,983 6.9 82.2 1,118 0.9 80.0 13,670 10.5 81.1 1,011 0.8 81.9 Nevada 22 10,956 4.0 95.5 1,797 0.7 100.0 17,878 6.5 100.0 1,131 0.4 100.0 New Hampshire 231 7,302 5.6 89.6 850 0.6 79.2 11,057 8.4 98.7 693 0.5 98.3 See notes at end of table. Table 8. Number of public library services and library services per capita, by type of service and state: Fiscal year 2008 56 Library visits Reference transactions Total circulation Registered Borrowers Number of public Total Per Response Total Per Response Total Per Response Total Per Response State libraries (in thous.) capita1 rate2 (in thous.) capita1 rate2 (in thous.) capita1 rate2 (in thous.) capita1 rate2 New Jersey 303 49,289 5.9 92.4 8,520 1.0 92.7 60,605 7.3 92.7 4,490 0.5 92.7 New Mexico 91 7,487 4.8 98.9 1,325 0.9 95.6 9,817 6.3 100.0 1,188 0.8 100.0 New York 755 117,214 6.2 100.0 28,035 1.5 99.9 155,220 8.2 100.0 11,179 0.6 100.0 North Carolina 77 37,600 4.1 98.7 12,128 1.3 98.7 52,659 5.8 100.0 5,050 0.6 100.0 North Dakota 81 2,426 4.3 95.1 415 0.7 85.2 4,117 7.2 100.0 271 0.5 85.2 Ohio 251 92,280 8.0 98.4 20,917 1.8 96.8 192,319 16.7 100.0 8,125 0.7 98.8 Oklahoma 115 14,551 4.9 100.0 2,145 0.7 100.0 20,706 7.0 100.0 2,108 0.7 100.0 Oregon 126 22,267 6.6 88.9 2,606 0.8 91.3 51,709 15.4 99.2 1,918 0.6 89.7 Pennsylvania 457 48,315 4.0 93.7 8,383 0.7 93.4 69,760 5.8 99.3 5,660 0.5 99.3 Rhode Island 48 6,330 6.0 97.9 852 0.8 95.8 7,376 7.0 97.9 514 0.5 97.9 South Carolina 42 16,770 3.8 100.0 4,804 1.1 100.0 23,748 5.4 100.0 2,324 0.5 100.0 South Dakota 114 3,922 5.6 92.1 611 0.9 89.5 5,876 8.4 92.1 398 0.6 85.1 Tennessee 187 20,454 3.4 98.9 3,994 0.7 100.0 24,777 4.1 100.0 3,021 0.5 100.0 Texas 561 74,221 3.3 98.9 15,813 0.7 99.5 109,274 4.9 99.8 11,791 0.5 99.6 Utah 69 17,487 6.7 85.5 4,415 1.7 79.7 33,915 13.0 97.1 1,713 0.7 97.1 Vermont 183 3,893 6.4 90.2 486 0.8 84.2 4,628 7.7 88.5 378 0.6 74.3 Virginia 91 39,888 5.2 98.9 7,267 1.0 89.0 69,749 9.2 100.0 4,444 0.6 100.0 Washington 64 42,271 6.5 92.2 6,524 1.0 82.8 78,346 12.1 100.0 4,389 0.7 100.0 West Virginia 97 6,008 3.3 99.0 881 0.5 99.0 7,605 4.2 100.0 786 0.4 100.0 Wisconsin 381 35,467 6.3 89.5 5,044 0.9 85.3 62,067 10.9 99.7 3,673 0.6 99.5 Wyoming 23 3,560 6.8 100.0 590 1.1 100.0 4,728 9.0 100.0 346 0.7 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 70 2.7 100.0 12 0.5 100.0 35 1.4 100.0 46 1.8 100.0 Puerto Rico 35 428 0.2 100.0 87 0.1 71.4 115 0.1 65.7 54 # 88.6 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. # Rounds to zero. 1Per capita and per 1,000 population are based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. The determination of the unduplicated figure is the responsibility of the state library agency and should be based on the most recent official state population figures for jurisdictions in the state. 2Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported the item, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. Table 8. Number of public library services and library services per capita, by type of service and state: Fiscal year 2008 - Continued 57 (Page is intentionally blank.) 58 Table 8A. of service and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 Number Library visits Reference transactions Total circulation Registered Borrowers Population of of public Total Per Total Per Total Per Total Per legal service area libraries (in thousands) capita1 (in thousands) capita1 (in thousands) capita1 (in thousands) capita1 Total 9,221 1,504,861 5.1 300,917 1.0 2,277,549 7.7 166,892 0.6 1,000,000 or more 27 212,598 4.4 59,982 1.3 296,597 6.2 24,930 0.5 500,000 to 999,999 57 224,536 5.5 53,432 1.3 381,286 9.3 22,655 0.6 250,000 to 499,999 106 171,200 4.7 42,147 1.2 282,962 7.8 20,435 0.6 100,000 to 249,999 337 238,006 4.6 48,694 0.9 368,193 7.1 28,655 0.5 50,000 to 99,999 557 188,785 4.9 32,164 0.8 288,829 7.5 21,654 0.6 25,000 to 49,999 967 182,631 5.5 26,794 0.8 270,195 8.1 18,856 0.6 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 169,190 6.1 22,117 0.8 232,003 8.4 17,191 0.6 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 68,454 6.5 9,145 0.9 89,370 8.5 6,842 0.6 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 28,318 5.9 3,730 0.8 39,660 8.3 3,260 0.7 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 16,524 6.5 2,186 0.9 22,773 8.9 1,899 0.7 Less than 1,000 997 4,618 8.2 526 0.9 5,680 10.0 515 0.9 SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table 8A. Number of public library services and library services per capita in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by type 1Per capita and per 1,000 population are based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. The determination of the unduplicated figure is the responsibility of the state library agency and should be based on the most recent official state population figures for jurisdictions in the state. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. The response rates are included in Table 8. Data were not imputed for outlying areas. 59 Interlibrary loans provided to Interlibrary loans received from Number of public Total Per 1,000 Response Total Per 1,000 Response State libraries (in thous.) population1 rate2 (in thous.) population1 rate2 Total 9,221 55,153 187.0 97.0 55,467 188.1 97.2 Alabama 210 119 26.8 98.6 149 33.6 99.0 Alaska 86 28 40.9 100.0 31 45.5 100.0 Arizona 86 364 56.1 94.2 376 57.9 93.0 Arkansas 51 27 10.1 96.1 39 14.7 96.1 California 181 2,768 72.7 98.3 2,668 70.1 97.8 Colorado 115 439 90.3 97.4 431 88.6 100.0 Connecticut 195 581 165.6 92.8 566 161.2 92.8 Delaware 21 163 206.9 100.0 172 217.8 100.0 District of Columbia 1 # # 100.0 # 0.3 100.0 Florida 80 330 17.6 93.8 363 19.3 95.0 Georgia 59 493 52.9 100.0 495 53.1 100.0 Hawaii 1 # 0.3 100.0 # # 100.0 Idaho 104 76 56.8 97.1 77 57.5 97.1 Illinois 634 4,906 419.9 98.4 4,555 389.8 98.6 Indiana 238 115 20.1 100.0 132 23.2 100.0 Iowa 539 376 126.8 94.1 360 121.5 94.6 Kansas 327 545 230.6 98.5 548 231.5 98.8 Kentucky 116 46 10.9 100.0 78 18.5 100.0 Louisiana 68 83 18.9 100.0 105 23.7 100.0 Maine 272 329 271.6 95.2 349 288.1 95.2 Maryland 24 188 33.6 100.0 192 34.3 100.0 Massachusetts 370 5,391 836.1 99.2 5,424 841.1 99.2 Michigan 384 3,205 322.6 87.5 3,250 327.2 88.8 Minnesota 138 1,155 219.5 100.0 1,120 212.8 100.0 Mississippi 50 16 5.3 100.0 25 8.5 100.0 Missouri 152 303 59.1 100.0 288 56.3 100.0 Montana 80 111 123.0 100.0 138 153.8 100.0 Nebraska 270 43 33.3 82.2 40 30.8 82.2 Nevada 22 63 23.1 100.0 58 21.1 100.0 New Hampshire 231 149 113.4 96.1 156 119.2 97.0 See notes at end of table. Table 9. Number of interlibrary loans provided to, and received from, per 1,000 population, by Table 9. type of service and state: Fiscal year 2008 60 Table 9. type of service and state: Fiscal year 2008 - Continued Interlibrary loans provided to Interlibrary loans received from Number of public Total Per 1,000 Response Total Per 1,000 Response State libraries (in thous.) population1 rate2 (in thous.) population1 rate2 New Jersey 303 1,966 235.8 92.4 1,941 232.9 92.7 New Mexico 91 20 13.1 100.0 21 13.7 100.0 New York 755 6,530 345.0 99.9 6,725 355.3 99.9 North Carolina 77 38 4.2 97.4 64 7.1 97.4 North Dakota 81 65 114.1 96.3 47 81.8 96.3 Ohio 251 7,120 618.5 98.8 7,475 649.3 99.2 Oklahoma 115 44 14.9 100.0 44 14.9 100.0 Oregon 126 3,371 1006.0 100.0 3,298 984.1 100.0 Pennsylvania 457 3,524 294.4 99.3 3,594 300.2 99.3 Rhode Island 48 1,188 1123.0 97.9 988 934.2 97.9 South Carolina 42 24 5.5 100.0 46 10.5 100.0 South Dakota 114 33 47.4 92.1 43 62.1 92.1 Tennessee 187 74 12.2 99.5 70 11.5 99.5 Texas 561 273 12.3 100.0 424 19.0 100.0 Utah 69 28 10.6 98.6 25 9.6 98.6 Vermont 183 30 49.6 91.3 42 69.1 90.7 Virginia 91 151 19.9 97.8 155 20.4 98.9 Washington 64 205 31.8 95.3 206 31.9 96.9 West Virginia 97 88 48.9 97.9 82 45.2 97.9 Wisconsin 381 7,917 1395.0 99.7 7,943 1400.0 99.7 Wyoming 23 48 91.7 100.0 49 94.2 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 # 2.6 100.0 0 0 0 Puerto Rico 35 # # 97.1 # 0.1 97.1 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. # Rounds to zero. 1Per capita and per 1,000 population are based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. The determination of the unduplicated figure is the responsibility of the state library agency and should be based on the most recent official state population figures for jurisdictions in the state. 2Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported the item, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Data were not imputed for outlying areas. Table 9. Number of interlibrary loans provided to, and received from, per 1,000 population, by 61 (Page is intentionally blank.) 62 and the District of Columbia, by type of service and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 Number Interlibrary loans provided to Interlibrary loans received from Population of of public Total Per 1,000 Total Per 1,000 legal service area libraries (in thousands) population1 (in thousands) population1 Total 9,221 55,153 187.0 55,467 188.1 1,000,000 or more 27 623 13.0 672 14.1 500,000 to 999,999 57 1,390 34.0 1,346 33.0 250,000 to 499,999 106 4,090 112.6 4,233 116.5 100,000 to 249,999 337 5,387 103.3 5,539 106.3 50,000 to 99,999 557 8,507 220.2 8,170 211.4 25,000 to 49,999 967 11,569 348.9 12,095 364.7 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 13,915 505.3 14,122 512.9 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 5,886 557.0 5,487 519.3 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 2,529 529.1 2,486 520.1 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 1,030 403.1 1,078 421.8 Less than 1,000 997 227 400.5 239 421.9 SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table 9A. Number of interlibrary loans provided to and received from per 1,000 population in the 50 states 1Per capita and per 1,000 population are based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. The determination of the unduplicated figure is the responsibility of the state library agency and should be based on the most recent official state population figures for jurisdictions in the state. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. The response rates are included in Table 9. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. 63 Circulation of children's materials Number Percentage Percentage of public Total Response of total Response Response of total Total Per 1,000 Response Total Per 1,000 Response State libraries (in thous.) rate1 circulation2 Total rate1 Total rate1 programs (in thous.) population3 rate1 (in thous.) population3 rate1 Total 9,221 786,349 95.3 34.5 3,446,578 97.8 2,316,293 97.6 67.2 82,399 279.4 97.3 60,994 206.8 97.3 Alabama 210 6,554 99.5 33.6 28,024 100.0 19,474 99.5 69.5 748 168.6 99.5 598 134.8 99.5 Alaska 86 1,424 80.2 33.3 9,233 100.0 7,792 100.0 84.4 193 283.3 100.0 162 238.2 100.0 Arizona 86 11,770 91.9 24.7 49,892 94.2 31,880 94.2 63.9 1,236 190.5 94.2 890 137.2 93.0 Arkansas 51 3,363 96.1 25.7 25,302 96.1 17,650 96.1 69.8 624 235.1 96.1 490 184.5 96.1 California 181 81,978 96.7 37.2 266,927 98.3 195,638 98.3 73.3 7,364 193.5 98.3 5,913 155.4 98.3 Colorado 115 19,265 97.4 33.1 78,682 100.0 54,539 100.0 69.3 1,869 384.4 100.0 1,444 297.0 100.0 Connecticut 195 11,516 90.8 35.0 76,558 92.8 51,472 92.8 67.2 1,682 479.2 92.8 1,098 312.8 92.8 Delaware 21 2,530 100.0 30.8 8,950 100.0 6,193 100.0 69.2 209 264.3 100.0 167 211.1 100.0 District of Columbia 1 525 100.0 29.5 9,492 100.0 4,012 100.0 42.3 192 327.1 100.0 146 247.9 100.0 Florida 80 32,540 91.3 28.1 189,848 96.3 100,662 93.8 53.0 4,263 227.1 95.0 2,875 153.1 93.8 Georgia 59 17,947 100.0 41.1 57,682 100.0 41,379 100.0 71.7 1,710 183.5 100.0 1,455 156.1 100.0 Hawaii 1 2,630 100.0 37.5 5,955 100.0 4,506 100.0 75.7 165 128.2 100.0 134 104.4 100.0 Idaho 104 5,262 96.2 42.2 19,989 98.1 17,152 98.1 85.8 579 435.0 98.1 513 385.3 98.1 Illinois 634 40,988 98.6 38.9 125,930 98.9 91,293 98.6 72.5 3,443 294.6 98.9 2,701 231.2 98.7 Indiana 238 23,936 99.2 30.6 124,791 100.0 81,465 100.0 65.3 2,808 492.6 100.0 1,776 311.5 100.0 Iowa 539 10,150 89.8 35.8 56,030 96.7 43,610 95.9 77.8 1,257 424.1 96.7 1,059 357.3 95.7 Kansas 327 10,757 98.8 40.0 38,576 98.8 29,464 98.8 76.4 957 404.8 98.8 782 330.6 98.8 Kentucky 116 9,151 100.0 32.5 62,399 100.0 44,511 100.0 71.3 1,436 341.4 100.0 1,098 261.1 100.0 Louisiana 68 4,462 100.0 25.2 41,665 100.0 26,435 100.0 63.4 960 217.7 100.0 752 170.4 100.0 Maine 272 3,426 82.4 36.8 30,811 95.2 21,893 94.9 71.1 507 417.8 94.9 371 306.1 94.5 Maryland 24 20,293 100.0 36.8 56,899 100.0 37,206 100.0 65.4 1,627 290.5 100.0 1,143 204.1 100.0 Massachusetts 370 19,154 97.8 35.4 101,461 99.2 65,346 99.2 64.4 2,143 332.3 98.4 1,512 234.5 98.4 Michigan 384 27,130 98.7 34.2 98,870 96.4 59,050 96.1 59.7 2,572 259.0 96.6 1,673 168.4 96.4 Minnesota 138 22,190 98.6 39.3 44,698 100.0 33,604 100.0 75.2 1,157 219.9 100.0 900 170.9 100.0 Mississippi 50 2,065 100.0 24.1 21,047 100.0 11,651 100.0 55.4 545 185.5 100.0 353 120.2 100.0 Missouri 152 17,515 96.7 36.5 57,183 100.0 40,796 99.3 71.3 1,399 273.2 99.3 1,069 208.7 98.7 Montana 80 1,847 100.0 31.7 9,229 100.0 6,584 100.0 71.3 230 255.3 98.8 159 176.2 98.8 Nebraska 270 5,724 81.1 41.9 23,732 82.2 18,169 82.2 76.6 597 459.4 82.2 501 385.5 82.2 Nevada 22 6,156 100.0 34.4 23,083 100.0 11,374 100.0 49.3 751 274.1 100.0 411 150.1 100.0 New Hampshire 231 4,317 96.5 39.0 31,508 98.7 21,881 97.0 69.4 576 439.7 97.4 438 334.2 96.5 Table 10. Circulation of children's materials, total and children's programs, and total and children's program attendance in public libraries, by state: Fiscal year 2008 See notes at end of table. Total Programs Total Program Attendance Children's Program Attendance Children's Programs 64 Circulation of children's materials Number Percentage Percentage of public Total Response of total Response Response of total Total Per 1,000 Response Total Per 1,000 Response State libraries (in thousands) rate1 circulation2 Total rate1 Total rate1 programs (in thous.) population3 rate1 (in thous.) population3 rate1 New Jersey 303 21,899 92.7 36.1 145,465 92.7 91,648 92.7 63.0 2,813 337.4 92.4 1,883 225.8 92.4 New Mexico 91 3,316 100.0 33.8 15,290 100.0 11,525 100.0 75.4 363 233.6 100.0 293 188.4 100.0 New York 755 46,610 100.0 30.0 350,527 100.0 178,692 100.0 51.0 6,828 360.7 100.0 3,828 202.3 100.0 North Carolina 77 19,440 100.0 36.9 104,529 100.0 82,736 100.0 79.2 2,596 286.2 100.0 2,195 242.0 100.0 North Dakota 81 1,605 100.0 39.0 5,131 100.0 4,026 100.0 78.5 114 199.1 98.8 94 165.3 100.0 Ohio 251 61,693 96.0 32.1 239,200 99.6 167,362 99.6 70.0 5,671 492.7 98.8 4,175 362.7 99.6 Oklahoma 115 6,773 100.0 32.7 25,816 100.0 17,689 100.0 68.5 810 272.0 100.0 639 214.5 100.0 Oregon 126 19,249 77.8 37.2 51,667 99.2 43,430 99.2 84.1 1,267 378.0 98.4 1,119 333.9 98.4 Pennsylvania 457 24,932 99.3 35.7 168,594 98.2 117,872 99.1 69.9 3,827 319.7 96.1 3,013 251.7 99.3 Rhode Island 48 2,313 97.9 31.4 22,530 97.9 13,461 97.9 59.7 359 339.2 97.9 208 196.7 97.9 South Carolina 42 8,763 100.0 36.9 30,220 100.0 23,707 100.0 78.4 809 183.4 100.0 671 151.9 100.0 South Dakota 114 1,863 90.4 31.7 10,969 91.2 8,779 92.1 80.0 263 376.1 92.1 228 326.0 92.1 Tennessee 187 8,187 100.0 33.0 33,840 100.0 26,473 100.0 78.2 997 163.9 100.0 852 140.2 100.0 Texas 561 42,247 98.4 38.7 185,629 100.0 124,189 100.0 66.9 4,643 208.6 100.0 3,440 154.5 100.0 Utah 69 13,746 88.4 40.5 22,452 98.6 18,006 98.6 80.2 835 319.3 98.6 706 269.8 98.6 Vermont 183 1,903 71.6 41.1 22,205 90.2 16,310 90.2 73.5 369 610.5 82.0 280 463.1 78.1 Virginia 91 24,188 91.2 34.7 76,494 96.7 52,386 96.7 68.5 1,828 240.6 100.0 1,355 178.3 100.0 Washington 64 24,913 76.6 31.8 58,147 98.4 43,263 93.8 74.4 1,660 257.0 95.3 1,332 206.2 90.6 West Virginia 97 2,405 97.9 31.6 19,916 100.0 12,446 100.0 62.5 422 233.2 99.0 283 156.8 99.0 Wisconsin 381 22,104 99.5 35.6 70,399 99.5 55,662 99.7 79.1 1,810 319.0 99.5 1,555 274.1 99.0 Wyoming 23 1,633 100.0 34.5 13,112 100.0 9,950 100.0 75.9 317 606.0 100.0 262 500.8 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 29 100.0 82.8 219 100.0 210 100.0 95.9 4 156.8 100.0 4 152.2 100.0 Puerto Rico 35 26 65.7 22.8 795 88.6 384 94.3 48.3 24 14.7 74.3 15 8.1 97.1 2See Table 8 for total circulation used in deriving percentage of total circulation. 3Per 1,000 population are based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. 1Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported the item, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Total Programs Children's Programs Total Program Attendance Children's Program Attendance Table 10. Circulation of children's materials, total and children's programs, and total and children's program attendance in public libraries, by state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued 65 (Page is intentionally blank.) 66 Number Percentage Percentage Population of of public Total of total Total of total Total Per 1,000 Total Per 1,000 legal service area libraries (in thous.) circulation1 programs Total programs (in thous.) population2 (in thous.) population2 Total 9,221 786,349 34.5 3,446,578 2,316,293 67.2 82,399 279.4 60,994 206.8 1,000,000 or more 27 98,143 33.1 364,061 189,371 52.0 8,949 187.1 5,819 121.7 500,000 to 999,999 57 133,701 35.1 385,946 257,294 66.7 10,183 249.4 7,574 185.5 250,000 to 499,999 106 95,019 33.6 327,863 229,143 69.9 8,663 238.5 6,696 184.4 100,000 to 249,999 337 126,378 34.3 492,839 343,221 69.6 12,368 237.2 9,381 179.9 50,000 to 99,999 557 99,755 34.5 434,179 296,150 68.2 11,022 285.2 8,235 213.1 25,000 to 49,999 967 95,541 35.4 440,863 300,107 68.1 10,968 330.7 8,183 246.7 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 83,119 35.8 505,849 357,431 70.7 11,303 410.5 8,474 307.7 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 31,016 34.7 246,614 171,259 69.4 4,726 447.2 3,525 333.6 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 13,666 34.5 125,040 86,005 68.8 2,226 465.8 1,647 344.5 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 7,956 34.9 90,193 62,765 69.6 1,500 587.3 1,091 427.2 Less than 1,000 997 2,054 36.2 33,131 23,547 71.1 491 866.8 368 650.7 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. The response rates are included in Table 10. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table 10A. Circulation of children's materials, total and children's programs, and total and children's program attendance in public libraries Table 9A. in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by type of service and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 Circulation of children's materials Children's program attendance 2Per 1,000 population are based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. 1See table 8 for total circulation used in deriving percentage of total circulation. Children's programs Total program attendance 67 Number of public Average per Per 5,000 Response Total Per Response State libraries Total stationary outlet2 population3 rate4 (in thousands) capita3 rate4 Total 9,221 219,736 13.2 3.7 98.0 355,442 1.2 95.1 Alabama 210 4,445 15.4 5.0 99.0 3,741 0.8 95.7 Alaska 86 558 5.5 4.1 100.0 1,005 1.5 100.0 Arizona 86 3,686 17.8 2.8 95.3 6,490 1.0 93.0 Arkansas 51 1,855 8.6 3.5 96.1 3,003 1.1 94.1 California 181 17,505 15.7 2.3 99.4 38,421 1.0 96.7 Colorado 115 3,971 15.9 4.1 100.0 8,071 1.7 94.8 Connecticut 195 3,434 14.2 4.9 92.8 5,774 1.6 84.6 Delaware 21 459 13.9 2.9 100.0 434 0.5 85.7 District of Columbia 1 325 12.0 2.8 100.0 148 0.3 100.0 Florida 80 13,200 25.5 3.5 93.8 21,754 1.2 91.3 Georgia 59 6,328 16.4 3.4 100.0 14,055 1.5 100.0 Hawaii 1 530 10.4 2.1 100.0 541 0.4 100.0 Idaho 104 1,245 8.9 4.7 98.1 1,875 1.4 95.2 Illinois 634 10,509 13.3 4.5 98.9 16,329 1.4 97.8 Indiana 238 6,944 16.0 6.1 100.0 10,110 1.8 99.2 Iowa 539 3,580 6.4 6.0 96.3 4,261 1.4 92.0 Kansas 327 3,015 8.0 6.4 98.8 3,914 1.7 98.5 Kentucky 116 3,278 16.7 3.9 100.0 4,482 1.1 100.0 Louisiana 68 4,365 13.1 4.9 100.0 6,561 1.5 100.0 Maine 272 1,437 5.2 5.9 95.2 1,393 1.1 91.5 Maryland 24 3,790 20.7 3.4 100.0 6,740 1.2 95.8 Massachusetts 370 5,030 10.6 3.9 99.2 9,317 1.4 91.9 Michigan 384 9,725 14.8 4.9 99.5 12,925 1.3 93.8 Minnesota 138 4,467 12.4 4.2 100.0 6,749 1.3 94.9 Mississippi 50 2,047 8.6 3.5 100.0 2,203 0.7 100.0 Missouri 152 4,592 12.8 4.5 100.0 5,105 1.0 94.7 Montana 80 855 7.8 4.7 100.0 1,286 1.4 100.0 Nebraska 270 1,906 6.6 7.3 82.2 2,480 1.9 82.2 Nevada 22 1,076 12.7 2.0 100.0 2,802 1.0 100.0 New Hampshire 231 1,152 4.9 4.4 97.8 1,330 1.0 89.2 See notes at end of table. Table 11. Number of public-use Internet computers in public libraries and uses of Internet computers per year, by state: Fiscal year 2008 Number of public-use Internet computers Uses of public-use Internet computers1 68 Table 11. Number of public-use Internet computers in public libraries and uses of Internet computers per year, by state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued Number of public Average per Per 5,000 Response Total Per Response State libraries Total stationary outlet2 population3 rate4 (in thousands) capita3 rate4 New Jersey 303 6,539 14.4 3.9 92.7 12,009 1.4 92.7 New Mexico 91 1,405 11.9 4.5 100.0 1,884 1.2 97.8 New York 755 14,604 13.7 3.9 100.0 22,966 1.2 99.9 North Carolina 77 6,119 15.7 3.4 100.0 9,603 1.1 98.7 North Dakota 81 501 5.6 4.4 98.8 537 0.9 90.1 Ohio 251 11,480 15.8 5.0 99.6 22,696 2.0 96.4 Oklahoma 115 2,179 10.6 3.7 100.0 5,638 1.9 100.0 Oregon 126 2,240 10.6 3.3 100.0 4,073 1.2 90.5 Pennsylvania 457 7,166 11.4 3.0 98.9 8,857 0.7 97.2 Rhode Island 48 1,024 14.2 4.8 97.9 1,550 1.5 95.8 South Carolina 42 3,020 16.0 3.4 100.0 4,877 1.1 97.6 South Dakota 114 920 6.1 6.6 92.1 924 1.3 90.4 Tennessee 187 3,918 13.6 3.2 100.0 5,939 1.0 100.0 Texas 561 14,831 17.2 3.3 100.0 20,391 0.9 98.9 Utah 69 1,529 13.2 2.9 98.6 3,957 1.5 94.2 Vermont 183 920 5.0 7.6 94.0 836 1.4 86.3 Virginia 91 5,129 15.0 3.4 100.0 6,116 0.8 94.5 Washington 64 4,465 13.4 3.5 100.0 9,190 1.4 85.9 West Virginia 97 1,207 7.0 3.3 100.0 1,631 0.9 99.0 Wisconsin 381 4,519 9.9 4.0 100.0 7,487 1.3 95.3 Wyoming 23 712 9.4 6.8 100.0 981 1.9 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 66 11.0 12.7 100.0 37 1.4 100.0 Puerto Rico 35 421 11.1 1.2 82.9 194 0.1 80.0 3Per 5,000 population and per capita are based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. The determination of the unduplicated figure is the responsibility of the state library agency and should be based on the most recent official state population figures for jurisdictions in the state. 2The average per stationary outlet was calculated by dividing the total number of public-use Internet computers in central and branch outlets by the total number of such outlets. See Table 3 for number of service outlets. NOTE: Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 4Response rate is the percentage of libraries that reported the item. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. 1The number of users (not uses) per year was reported on the survey. Survey respondents were instructed to count a user who uses the library's Internet computers three times a week as three users. In this table, "uses" was substituted for "users" for meaningful per capita comparisons as there cannot be more "users" than the population base. Electronic resources include, but are not limited to, Internet (World Wide Web, e-mail, Telnet, other), online indexes, CD-ROM reference materials, software, and the public library online catalog. Number of public-use Internet computers Uses of public-use Internet computers1 69 (Page is intentionally blank.) 70 the District of Columbia, by population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 Number Population of of public Average per Per 5,000 Total Per legal service area libraries Total stationary outlet2 population3 (in thousands) capita3 Total 9,221 219,736 13.2 3.7 355,442 1.2 1,000,000 or more 27 26,987 24.0 2.8 50,319 1.1 500,000 to 999,999 57 24,958 21.6 3.1 55,024 1.3 250,000 to 499,999 106 21,193 18.6 2.9 43,052 1.2 100,000 to 249,999 337 34,326 17.1 3.3 59,938 1.1 50,000 to 99,999 557 26,584 16.2 3.4 45,419 1.2 25,000 to 49,999 967 25,094 14.7 3.8 39,516 1.2 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 27,283 12.0 5.0 34,810 1.3 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 14,024 8.5 6.6 14,603 1.4 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 8,552 6.2 8.9 6,978 1.5 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 7,283 4.6 14.3 4,432 1.7 Less than 1,000 997 3,452 3.5 30.5 1,350 2.4 Table 11A. Number of public-use Internet computers in public libraries and uses of Internet computers per year in the 50 states and 1The number of users (not uses) per year was reported on the survey. Survey respondents were instructed to count a user who uses the library's internet computers three times a week as three users. In this table, “uses” was substituted for “users” for meaningful per capita comparisons as there cannot be more "users" than the population base. Electronic resources include, but are not limited to, Internet (World Wide Web, e-mail, Telnet, other), online indexes, CD-ROM reference materials, software, and the public library online catalog. 2The average per stationary outlet was calculated by dividing the total number of public-use Internet computers in central and branch outlets by the total number of such outlets. See Table 3 for the number of service outlets. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 3Per 5,000 population and per capita are based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. NOTE: For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. The response rates are included in Table 11. Data were not imputed for outlying areas. Number of public-use Internet computers Uses of Internet computers per year1 71 Print materials1 Audio Video Number of public Number Per Response Number Per 1,000 Response Number Per 1,000 Response Number Per 1,000 Response State libraries (in thousands) capita2 rate3 (in thousands) population2 rate3 (in thousands) population2 rate3 (in thousands) population2 rate3 Total 9,221 816,099 2.8 97.9 49,579 168.1 97.9 49,177 166.7 97.8 1,789 6.1 97.9 Alabama 210 9,615 2.2 100.0 448 100.9 100.0 477 107.4 100.0 13 2.8 97.6 Alaska 86 2,491 3.7 100.0 123 180.4 100.0 199 292.9 100.0 7 9.7 100.0 Arizona 86 8,619 1.3 95.3 595 91.6 94.2 675 104.0 95.3 19 2.9 95.3 Arkansas 51 6,450 2.4 96.1 230 86.7 96.1 272 102.3 96.1 10 3.7 96.1 California 181 74,197 2.0 99.4 3,439 90.4 99.4 4,201 110.4 99.4 131 3.4 99.4 Colorado 115 12,039 2.5 98.3 1,005 206.8 99.1 1,020 209.8 99.1 27 5.5 100.0 Connecticut 195 15,609 4.4 92.8 790 224.9 92.3 946 269.4 92.8 30 8.4 90.8 Delaware 21 1,991 2.5 100.0 107 135.0 100.0 132 167.1 100.0 6 7.2 100.0 District of Columbia 1 2,063 3.5 100.0 94 160.3 100.0 65 110.8 100.0 3 5.3 100.0 Florida 80 32,736 1.7 96.3 2,434 129.7 95.0 3,000 159.8 95.0 74 4.0 95.0 Georgia 59 16,087 1.7 100.0 662 71.1 100.0 799 85.7 100.0 25 2.7 100.0 Hawaii 1 3,399 2.6 100.0 142 110.6 100.0 125 97.7 100.0 5 4.1 100.0 Idaho 104 4,192 3.1 98.1 227 170.7 98.1 220 164.9 98.1 7 5.3 98.1 Illinois 634 45,263 3.9 98.7 2,781 238.0 98.7 2,571 220.0 98.9 107 9.1 98.7 Indiana 238 25,873 4.5 100.0 1,586 278.1 100.0 1,833 321.5 99.6 57 10.1 100.0 Iowa 539 12,235 4.1 96.7 625 210.9 96.7 711 239.9 96.7 37 12.4 96.7 Kansas 327 10,381 4.4 98.8 502 212.4 98.8 707 299.1 98.8 21 8.9 98.5 Kentucky 116 8,674 2.1 100.0 492 117.0 100.0 516 122.8 100.0 20 4.7 100.0 Louisiana 68 11,641 2.6 100.0 385 87.4 100.0 621 140.9 100.0 25 5.7 100.0 Maine 272 6,505 5.4 93.8 222 183.2 94.5 285 234.7 94.5 11 9.2 95.2 Maryland 24 14,378 2.6 100.0 1,041 185.9 100.0 815 145.6 100.0 38 6.8 100.0 Massachusetts 370 32,713 5.1 99.2 1,585 245.8 99.2 1,569 243.4 99.2 56 8.6 99.2 Michigan 384 34,556 3.5 99.5 2,084 209.9 98.4 1,821 183.4 97.7 68 6.8 98.7 Minnesota 138 14,762 2.8 100.0 882 167.5 100.0 854 162.3 100.0 35 6.6 100.0 Mississippi 50 5,530 1.9 100.0 216 73.6 100.0 281 95.5 100.0 10 3.4 100.0 Missouri 152 18,034 3.5 100.0 865 169.0 100.0 826 161.4 100.0 41 8.1 100.0 Montana 80 2,732 3.0 100.0 118 131.5 100.0 133 147.8 100.0 5 5.8 100.0 Nebraska 270 6,643 5.1 82.6 296 227.5 82.6 302 232.5 82.6 15 11.7 83.3 Nevada 22 5,405 2.0 100.0 413 150.6 100.0 486 177.3 100.0 10 3.5 100.0 New Hampshire 231 6,210 4.7 97.4 264 201.7 97.4 319 243.1 97.4 17 13.0 97.0 See notes at end of table. Table 12. Number of public library materials and library materials per capita or per 1,000 population, by type of material and state: Fiscal year 2008 Current print serial subscriptions 72 Table 12. Number of public library materials and library materials per capita or per 1,000 population, by type of material and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued Print materials1 Audio Video Number of public Number Per Response Number Per 1,000 Response Number Per 1,000 Response Number Per 1,000 Response State libraries (in thousands) capita2 rate3 (in thousands) population2 rate3 (in thousands) population2 rate3 (in thousands) population2 rate3 New Jersey 303 30,342 3.6 92.7 1,421 170.4 92.7 1,573 188.7 92.7 55 6.5 92.7 New Mexico 91 4,578 2.9 100.0 226 145.3 100.0 196 125.9 100.0 11 7.0 100.0 New York 755 74,635 3.9 100.0 5,207 275.1 100.0 4,002 211.4 100.0 200 10.6 100.0 North Carolina 77 16,833 1.9 100.0 729 80.3 100.0 637 70.2 100.0 35 3.9 98.7 North Dakota 81 2,453 4.3 100.0 98 172.0 100.0 104 182.0 98.8 5 8.0 98.8 Ohio 251 46,893 4.1 100.0 4,134 359.2 100.0 4,554 395.6 100.0 176 15.2 100.0 Oklahoma 115 7,249 2.4 100.0 317 106.4 100.0 305 102.5 100.0 13 4.2 100.0 Oregon 126 9,407 2.8 99.2 909 271.3 98.4 736 219.8 98.4 21 6.4 99.2 Pennsylvania 457 29,837 2.5 99.6 2,331 194.7 99.6 1,585 132.4 99.6 61 5.1 99.8 Rhode Island 48 4,420 4.2 97.9 153 144.5 97.9 213 201.7 97.9 7 6.9 97.9 South Carolina 42 9,421 2.1 100.0 419 94.9 100.0 499 113.0 100.0 22 4.9 100.0 South Dakota 114 3,134 4.5 92.1 128 183.8 92.1 156 223.0 92.1 6 8.0 92.1 Tennessee 187 11,595 1.9 100.0 505 83.0 100.0 515 84.6 100.0 17 2.8 100.0 Texas 561 41,797 1.9 100.0 2,110 94.8 100.0 2,329 104.6 100.0 67 3.0 100.0 Utah 69 6,556 2.5 98.6 779 297.9 97.1 552 211.0 97.1 16 6.2 98.6 Vermont 183 2,900 4.8 89.1 136 224.5 90.2 150 248.3 89.6 7 12.0 91.8 Virginia 91 19,181 2.5 100.0 1,133 149.1 100.0 960 126.3 100.0 35 4.6 100.0 Washington 64 16,433 2.5 96.9 1,267 196.2 93.8 1,261 195.3 93.8 46 7.1 96.9 West Virginia 97 5,119 2.8 100.0 208 115.0 100.0 235 130.1 100.0 7 4.0 100.0 Wisconsin 381 19,843 3.5 100.0 2,519 444.0 100.0 1,701 299.7 100.0 50 8.9 99.7 Wyoming 23 2,447 4.7 100.0 198 379.0 100.0 134 257.2 100.0 5 9.9 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 212 8.2 100.0 # 9.6 100.0 4 165.6 100.0 # 0.2 100.0 Puerto Rico 35 273 0.2 62.9 53 42.3 42.9 5 4.2 42.9 10 7.6 51.4 1These materials include books and serial back files in print. Current print serial subscriptions 2Per capita and per 1,000 population are based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. The determination of the unduplicated figure is the responsibility of the state library agency and should be based on the most recent official state population figures for jurisdictions in the state. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. 3Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported the item, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. 73 (Page is intentionally blank.) 74 by type of material and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 Print materials1 Audio Video Number Population of of public Number Per Number Per 1,000 Number Per 1,000 Number Per 1,000 legal service area libraries (in thousands) capita2 (in thousands) population2 (in thousands) population2 (in thousands) population2 Total 9,221 816,099 2.8 49,579 168.1 49,177 166.7 1,789 6.1 1,000,000 or more 27 105,158 2.2 7,378 154.2 6,082 127.2 237 5.0 500,000 to 999,999 57 102,619 2.5 6,284 153.9 6,042 148.0 220 5.4 250,000 to 499,999 106 84,178 2.3 4,903 135.0 4,985 137.3 176 4.9 100,000 to 249,999 337 114,513 2.2 7,071 135.6 7,334 140.7 248 4.8 50,000 to 99,999 557 99,797 2.6 5,934 153.6 6,183 160.0 208 5.4 25,000 to 49,999 967 100,264 3.0 6,100 183.9 6,098 183.9 207 6.2 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 100,839 3.7 6,097 221.4 5,937 215.6 228 8.3 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 48,863 4.6 2,825 267.3 2,990 283.0 119 11.2 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 28,324 5.9 1,614 337.6 1,667 348.8 78 16.4 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 22,216 8.7 1,040 407.0 1,321 517.0 50 19.4 Less than 1,000 997 9,326 16.5 334 590.0 537 948.1 18 32.1 Current print serial subscriptions Table 12A. Number of public library materials and library materials per capita or per 1,000 population in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. The response rates are included in Table 12. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 1These materials include books and serial back files in print. 2Per capita and per 1,000 population are based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. The determination of the unduplicated figure is the responsibility of the state library agency and should be based on the most recent official state population figures for jurisdictions in the state. 75 Size of print materials collection1 Less 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 100,000 500,000 1,000,000 2,500,000 5,000,000 Number than to to to to to to to to or of public 5,000 9,999 24,999 49,999 99,999 499,999 999,999 2,499,999 4,999,999 more Response State libraries Percentage distribution rate2 Total 9,221 3.0 11.2 31.2 21.4 16.0 14.9 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.1 97.9 Alabama 210 3.3 13.8 36.7 23.3 16.7 4.3 1.9 0 0 0 100.0 Alaska 86 19.8 20.9 37.2 11.6 7.0 2.3 1.2 0 0 0 100.0 Arizona 86 3.5 8.1 32.6 24.4 14.0 11.6 3.5 2.3 0 0 95.3 Arkansas 51 0 0 15.7 9.8 21.6 51.0 2.0 0 0 0 96.1 California 181 0.6 0 2.2 4.4 21.5 56.4 7.2 5.0 1.7 1.1 99.4 Colorado 115 0 12.2 34.8 16.5 16.5 15.7 2.6 1.7 0 0 98.3 Connecticut 195 1.0 4.1 19.5 22.1 27.2 26.2 0 0 0 0 92.8 Delaware 21 0 0 33.3 38.1 9.5 9.5 9.5 0 0 0 100.0 District of Columbia 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 0 100.0 Florida 80 0 1.3 5.0 12.5 16.3 45.0 8.8 7.5 3.8 0 96.3 Georgia 59 0 0 0 3.4 23.7 62.7 6.8 3.4 0 0 100.0 Hawaii 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 100.0 Idaho 104 1.0 14.4 39.4 21.2 14.4 9.6 0 0 0 0 98.1 Illinois 634 2.1 9.0 33.0 22.4 16.9 15.8 0.8 0 0 0.2 98.7 Indiana 238 0.4 1.3 23.5 26.1 24.8 21.4 1.3 0.8 0.4 0 100.0 Iowa 539 3.7 32.5 42.1 13.2 5.0 3.5 0 0 0 0 96.7 Kansas 327 13.1 24.5 33.9 17.1 5.5 5.2 0.6 0 0 0 98.8 Kentucky 116 0 0 20.7 39.7 26.7 11.2 0.9 0.9 0 0 100.0 Louisiana 68 1.5 2.9 4.4 11.8 39.7 32.4 5.9 1.5 0 0 100.0 Maine 272 7.0 25.7 39.0 22.1 4.4 1.5 0.4 0 0 0 93.8 Maryland 24 0 0 0 8.3 12.5 45.8 16.7 12.5 4.2 0 100.0 Massachusetts 370 3.2 8.1 18.9 24.3 26.5 17.8 0.8 0 0 0.3 99.2 Michigan 384 0.5 3.6 30.2 29.9 18.5 15.6 1.0 0.3 0 0.3 99.5 Minnesota 138 2.2 5.8 39.9 21.7 15.9 10.1 2.9 0.7 0.7 0 100.0 Mississippi 50 0 0 14.0 20.0 26.0 36.0 4.0 0 0 0 100.0 Missouri 152 2.0 3.9 27.0 31.6 20.4 11.8 1.3 0.7 1.3 0 100.0 Montana 80 1.3 15.0 48.8 22.5 5.0 7.5 0 0 0 0 100.0 Nebraska 270 10.0 31.9 40.0 11.9 4.1 1.5 0.4 0.4 0 0 82.6 Nevada 22 0 0 22.7 22.7 18.2 27.3 4.5 0 4.5 0 100.0 New Hampshire 231 7.4 14.7 42.9 23.8 8.7 2.6 0 0 0 0 97.4 See notes at end of table. Table 13. Percentage distribution of public libraries, by size of print materials collection and state: Fiscal year 2008 76 Size of print materials collection1 Less 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 100,000 500,000 1,000,000 2,500,000 5,000,000 Number than to to to to to to to to or of public 5,000 9,999 24,999 49,999 99,999 499,999 999,999 2,499,999 4,999,999 more Response State libraries Percentage distribution rate2 New Jersey 303 0 0.7 14.9 25.7 36.6 20.1 1.0 1.0 0 0 92.7 New Mexico 91 8.8 18.7 36.3 16.5 8.8 9.9 0 1.1 0 0 100.0 New York 755 2.1 11.7 36.3 21.2 11.9 15.9 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.3 100.0 North Carolina 77 0 0 2.6 3.9 20.8 63.6 6.5 2.6 0 0 100.0 North Dakota 81 8.6 12.3 45.7 21.0 7.4 4.9 0 0 0 0 100.0 Ohio 251 0 0.8 4.8 22.7 29.9 37.1 2.0 2.0 0.8 0 100.0 Oklahoma 115 2.6 13.9 42.6 20.9 12.2 6.1 0 1.7 0 0 100.0 Oregon 126 3.2 8.7 28.6 24.6 19.0 13.5 1.6 0.8 0 0 99.2 Pennsylvania 457 0.4 2.4 35.9 30.4 19.5 10.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0 99.6 Rhode Island 48 0 2.1 18.8 25.0 27.1 25.0 0 2.1 0 0 97.9 South Carolina 42 0 0 4.8 11.9 19.0 52.4 7.1 4.8 0 0 100.0 South Dakota 114 2.6 14.9 57.0 14.0 7.9 3.5 0 0 0 0 92.1 Tennessee 187 5.3 17.6 30.5 25.1 12.3 7.0 0.5 1.6 0 0 100.0 Texas 561 0.5 5.7 41.4 27.6 13.0 9.3 1.6 0.5 0.4 0 100.0 Utah 69 0 0 37.7 23.2 24.6 10.1 2.9 1.4 0 0 98.6 Vermont 183 10.9 36.6 37.2 10.4 4.4 0.5 0 0 0 0 89.1 Virginia 91 1.1 0 3.3 18.7 17.6 48.4 9.9 1.1 0 0 100.0 Washington 64 1.6 9.4 21.9 10.9 18.8 25.0 3.1 7.8 1.6 0 96.9 West Virginia 97 0 3.1 42.3 21.6 19.6 13.4 0 0 0 0 100.0 Wisconsin 381 0.5 12.3 40.2 21.3 15.2 10.0 0.3 0.3 0 0 100.0 Wyoming 23 0 0 0 17.4 39.1 43.5 0 0 0 0 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Puerto Rico 35 17.1 20.0 22.9 0 2.9 0 0 0 0 0 62.9 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table 13. Percentage distribution of public libraries, by size of print materials collection and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued 1These materials include books and serial back files in print. 2Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported the item, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. 77 (Page is intentionally blank.) 78 Size of print materials collection1 Less 5,000 10,000 25,000 50,000 100,000 500,000 1,000,000 2,500,000 5,000,000 Number than to to to to to to to to or Population of of public 5,000 9,999 24,999 49,999 99,999 499,999 999,999 2,499,999 4,999,999 more legal service area libraries Percentage distribution Total 9,221 3.0 11.2 31.2 21.4 16.0 14.9 1.3 0.7 0.2 0.1 1,000,000 or more 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7 33.3 44.4 18.5 500,000 to 999,999 57 0 0 0 0 0 0 22.8 64.9 8.8 3.5 250,000 to 499,999 106 0 0 0 0 0.9 24.5 57.5 14.2 2.8 0 100,000 to 249,999 337 0 0 0.6 0.6 1.5 83.7 11.9 1.8 0 0 50,000 to 99,999 557 0.2 0.4 1.1 1.3 13.5 82.8 0.9 0 0 0 25,000 to 49,999 967 0 0.4 2.3 9.4 42.0 45.8 0.1 0 0 0 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 0.2 0.8 9.5 37.2 43.5 8.8 0 0 0 0 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 0.7 2.2 34.3 49.2 13.0 0.6 0 0 0 0 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 1.6 7.8 62.0 27.0 1.6 0.1 0 0 0 0 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 3.3 26.5 63.3 6.7 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 Less than 1,000 997 18.7 45.9 33.9 1.2 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 Table 13A. Percentage distribution of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by size of print materials collection and NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. The response rate is included in Table 13. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table 12A. population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 1These materials include books and serial back files in print. 79 Number of public Response Response Response State libraries Total Average1 Median rate2 Total Average1 Median rate2 Total Average1 Median rate2 Total 9,221 13,301,295 1,442.5 0 97.2 400,617 43.4 32.0 97.7 558,137 60.5 0 96.3 Alabama 210 425,341 2,025.4 0 96.7 17,390 82.8 81.0 100.0 3,046 14.5 0 96.2 Alaska 86 14,204 165.2 0 100.0 4,439 51.6 50.0 100.0 57 0.7 0 100.0 Arizona 86 260,136 3,024.8 0 90.7 3,713 43.2 42.0 90.7 6,932 80.6 0 91.9 Arkansas 51 31,394 615.6 0 94.1 4,330 84.9 84.0 96.1 200 3.9 0 96.1 California 181 404,320 2,233.8 5.0 96.7 4,371 24.1 18.0 99.4 7,322 40.5 0 94.5 Colorado 115 145,793 1,267.8 0 98.3 1,779 15.5 3.0 100.0 152 1.3 0 99.1 Connecticut 195 55,886 286.6 18.0 92.8 6,955 35.7 33.0 92.8 363 1.9 0 91.8 Delaware 21 1 0 0 0 839 40.0 39.0 0 14 0.7 0 0 District of Columbia 1 1,999 1,999.0 1,999.0 100.0 59 59.0 59.0 100.0 0 0 0 0 Florida 80 842,813 10,535.2 0.5 93.8 6,475 80.9 72.5 96.3 11,947 149.3 0 92.5 Georgia 59 72,424 1,227.5 0 100.0 10,309 174.7 146.0 100.0 1,490 25.3 3.0 100.0 Hawaii 1 9,139 9,139.0 9,139.0 100.0 104 104.0 104.0 100.0 98 98.0 98.0 100.0 Idaho 104 5,929 57.0 0 98.1 5,466 52.6 51.0 98.1 29 0.3 0 100.0 Illinois 634 506,152 798.3 0 98.9 14,659 23.1 18.0 98.6 10,520 16.6 0 98.7 Indiana 238 91,767 385.6 0 98.3 10,581 44.5 39.0 100.0 1,825 7.7 0 97.9 Iowa 539 44,663 82.9 0 96.7 9,788 18.2 14.0 95.9 2,729 5.1 0 85.0 Kansas 327 12,300 37.6 0 98.2 10,144 31.0 30.0 94.5 362 1.1 0 96.0 Kentucky 116 132,860 1,145.3 0 100.0 6,512 56.1 51.0 100.0 14,137 121.9 0 100.0 Louisiana 68 58,960 867.1 0 100.0 4,626 68.0 61.0 100.0 104 1.5 0 100.0 Maine 272 2,983 11.0 0 95.2 13,595 50.0 52.0 95.6 230 0.8 0 95.2 Maryland 24 31,972 1,332.2 123.0 100.0 1,388 57.8 57.0 100.0 462 19.3 0 95.8 Massachusetts 370 138,169 373.4 0 98.9 14,078 38.0 37.0 99.2 1,706 4.6 0 98.6 Michigan 384 193,820 504.7 0 98.7 2,768 7.2 0 99.2 320 0.8 0 99.0 Minnesota 138 2,065,410 14,966.7 15,187.0 100.0 3,090 22.4 18.0 100.0 279 2.0 0 100.0 Mississippi 50 13,183 263.7 0 100.0 2,986 59.7 55.0 100.0 35 0.7 0 100.0 Missouri 152 228,625 1,504.1 0 100.0 3,079 20.3 14.0 100.0 3,906 25.7 11.0 100.0 Montana 80 259,230 3,240.4 0 100.0 4,219 52.7 57.0 100.0 44 0.6 0 100.0 Nebraska 270 370,749 1,373.1 0 82.6 5,500 20.4 20.0 82.6 396 1.5 0 82.6 Nevada 22 62,112 2,823.3 0 100.0 893 40.6 33.0 100.0 19 0.9 0 100.0 New Hampshire 231 49,063 212.4 0 92.2 5,036 21.8 22.0 98.7 312 1.4 0 93.1 See notes at end of table. Table 14. Total, average, and median number of electronic materials in public libraries, by type of material and state: Fiscal year 2008 Electronic Books Databases Current Electronic Serial Subscriptions 80 Number of public Response Response Response State libraries Total Average1 Median rate2 Total Average1 Median rate2 Total Average1 Median rate2 New Jersey 303 113,658 375.1 0 92.7 9,512 31.4 28.0 92.7 509 1.7 0 92.7 New Mexico 91 5,572 61.2 0 100.0 3,844 42.2 37.0 100.0 102 1.1 0 100.0 New York 755 592,937 785.3 0 100.0 23,598 31.3 22.0 100.0 372,689 493.6 0 100.0 North Carolina 77 256,183 3,327.1 0 96.1 4,808 62.4 59.0 100.0 64 0.8 0 94.8 North Dakota 81 41,654 514.2 0 97.5 690 8.5 7.0 100.0 22 0.3 0 96.3 Ohio 251 631,233 2,514.9 0 98.4 79,758 317.8 270.0 100.0 98,793 393.6 0 97.6 Oklahoma 115 7,307 63.5 0 100.0 3,552 30.9 23.0 100.0 43 0.4 0 100.0 Oregon 126 25,473 202.2 0 99.2 4,393 34.9 29.0 99.2 1,030 8.2 1.0 99.2 Pennsylvania 457 717,435 1,569.9 0 99.6 23,295 51.0 45.0 100.0 1,356 3.0 0 99.8 Rhode Island 48 9,675 201.6 0 97.9 1,185 24.7 14.0 97.9 48 1.0 0 97.9 South Carolina 42 64,949 1,546.4 0 100.0 1,904 45.3 38.0 100.0 370 8.8 0 100.0 South Dakota 114 61,076 535.8 0 90.4 3,661 32.1 24.0 92.1 33 0.3 0 90.4 Tennessee 187 65,388 349.7 0 100.0 6,585 35.2 32.0 100.0 58 0.3 0 100.0 Texas 561 224,122 399.5 0 100.0 29,066 51.8 50.0 100.0 3,597 6.4 0 100.0 Utah 69 38,942 564.4 0 98.6 3,193 46.3 39.0 98.6 172 2.5 0 98.6 Vermont 183 46 0.3 0 92.9 2,554 14.0 19.0 92.9 17 0.1 0 92.9 Virginia 91 836,355 9,190.7 0 97.8 2,385 26.2 22.0 100.0 4,075 44.8 0 94.5 Washington 64 63,835 997.4 0 92.2 1,585 24.8 21.0 100.0 5,976 93.4 0 85.9 West Virginia 97 5,135 52.9 0 99.0 1,367 14.1 12.0 100.0 59 0.6 0 100.0 Wisconsin 381 3,008,483 7,896.3 8,805.0 99.5 13,513 35.5 36.0 100.0 71 0.2 0 99.5 Wyoming 23 440 19.1 0 100.0 998 43.4 40.0 100.0 17 0.7 0 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 — — — 0 2 2.0 2.0 100.0 — — — 0 Puerto Rico 35 127 3.6 0 51.4 24 0.7 0 68.6 0 0 0 65.7 — Not available. 1The average was calculated by dividing the total number of materials of each type by the total number of public libraries. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. NOTE: Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. 2Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported the item, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. Table 14. Total, average, and median number of electronic materials in public libraries, by type of material and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued Electronic Books Databases Current Electronic Serial Subsriptions 81 (Page is intentionally blank.) 82 Table 14A. of material and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 Number Population of of public legal service area libraries Number Average1 Median Number Average1 Median Number Average1 Median Total 9,221 13,301,295 1,442.5 0 400,617 43.4 32.0 558,137 60.5 0 1,000,000 or more 27 573,256 21,231.7 7,417.0 3,073 113.8 91.0 39,273 1,454.6 6.0 500,000 to 999,999 57 575,873 10,103.0 2,152.0 6,160 108.1 77.0 44,761 785.3 0 250,000 to 499,999 106 747,111 7,048.2 824.5 9,938 93.8 66.5 33,830 319.2 0 100,000 to 249,999 337 1,087,216 3,226.2 12.0 23,561 69.9 53.0 14,621 43.4 0 50,000 to 99,999 557 1,405,008 2,522.5 0 43,593 78.3 47.0 61,367 110.2 0 25,000 to 49,999 967 1,762,684 1,822.8 0 53,827 55.7 43.0 139,490 144.3 0 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 2,586,720 1,467.2 0 84,041 47.7 37.0 100,384 56.9 0 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 1,624,286 1,085.0 0 62,973 42.1 32.0 61,071 40.8 0 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 1,277,723 953.5 0 44,370 33.1 28.0 29,537 22.0 0 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 1,277,407 812.1 0 42,639 27.1 23.0 32,776 20.8 0 Less than 1,000 997 384,011 385.2 0 26,442 26.5 23.0 1,027 1.0 0 1The average was calculated by dividing the total number of materials of each type by the total number of public libraries. Table 14A. Total, average, and median number of electronic materials in public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by type SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. NOTE: For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. The response rates are included in Table 14. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. Current Electronic Electronic Books Databases Serial Subscriptions 83 Total licensed databases Number of public Local State1 Other2 Response State libraries Total Local State1 Other2 rate3 Total 9,221 400,617 51,346 307,594 41,677 12.8 76.8 10.4 97.7 Alabama 210 17,390 808 16,337 245 4.6 93.9 1.4 100.0 Alaska 86 4,439 161 4,250 28 3.6 95.7 0.6 100.0 Arizona 86 3,713 499 2,663 551 13.4 71.7 14.8 90.7 Arkansas 51 4,330 652 3,598 80 15.1 83.1 1.8 96.1 California 181 4,371 2,112 84 2,175 48.3 1.9 49.8 99.4 Colorado 115 1,779 684 616 479 38.4 34.6 26.9 100.0 Connecticut 195 6,955 842 5,884 229 12.1 84.6 3.3 92.8 Delaware 21 839 79 675 85 9.4 80.5 10.1 0 District of Columbia 1 59 59 0 0 100.0 0 0 100.0 Florida 80 6,475 1,385 4,944 146 21.4 76.4 2.3 96.3 Georgia 59 10,309 1,695 8,614 0 16.4 83.6 0 100.0 Hawaii 1 104 0 104 0 0 100.0 0 100.0 Idaho 104 5,466 195 5,224 47 3.6 95.6 0.9 98.1 Illinois 634 14,659 4,505 9,111 1,043 30.7 62.2 7.1 98.6 Indiana 238 10,581 1,457 8,806 318 13.8 83.2 3.0 100.0 Iowa 539 9,788 785 8,785 218 8.0 89.8 2.2 95.9 Kansas 327 10,144 303 9,756 85 3.0 96.2 0.8 94.5 Kentucky 116 6,512 725 5,665 122 11.1 87.0 1.9 100.0 Louisiana 68 4,626 546 4,080 0 11.8 88.2 0 100.0 Maine 272 13,595 154 237 13,204 1.1 1.7 97.1 95.6 Maryland 24 1,388 372 581 435 26.8 41.9 31.3 100.0 Massachusetts 370 14,078 1,750 11,856 472 12.4 84.2 3.4 99.2 Michigan 384 2,768 1,999 61 708 72.2 2.2 25.6 99.2 Minnesota 138 3,090 550 1,862 678 17.8 60.3 21.9 100.0 Mississippi 50 2,986 289 2,647 50 9.7 88.6 1.7 100.0 Missouri 152 3,079 1,069 1,876 134 34.7 60.9 4.4 100.0 Montana 80 4,219 191 3,976 52 4.5 94.2 1.2 100.0 Nebraska 270 5,500 340 5,107 53 6.2 92.9 1.0 82.6 Nevada 22 893 205 660 28 23.0 73.9 3.1 100.0 New Hampshire 231 5,036 461 4,496 79 9.2 89.3 1.6 98.7 See notes at end of table. Table 15. Total licensed databases in public libraries and percentage distribution of databases, by source of databases and state: Fiscal year 2008 Percentage distribution 84 Table 15. Total licensed databases in public libraries and percentage distribution of databases, by source of databases and state: Fiscal year 2008 Table 15. —Continued Total licensed databases Number of public Local State1 Other2 Response State libraries Total Local State1 Other2 Percentage Distribution rate3 New Jersey 303 9,512 1,766 6,841 905 18.6 71.9 9.5 92.7 New Mexico 91 3,844 295 3,367 182 7.7 87.6 4.7 100.0 New York 755 23,598 7,429 10,691 5,478 31.5 45.3 23.2 100.0 North Carolina 77 4,808 438 4,312 58 9.1 89.7 1.2 100.0 North Dakota 81 690 70 567 53 10.1 82.2 7.7 100.0 Ohio 251 79,758 6,767 66,766 6,225 8.5 83.7 7.8 100.0 Oklahoma 115 3,552 902 2,645 5 25.4 74.5 0.1 100.0 Oregon 126 4,393 594 3,132 667 13.5 71.3 15.2 99.2 Pennsylvania 457 23,295 1,627 19,394 2,274 7.0 83.3 9.8 100.0 Rhode Island 48 1,185 519 314 352 43.8 26.5 29.7 97.9 South Carolina 42 1,904 431 1,470 3 22.6 77.2 0.2 100.0 South Dakota 114 3,661 49 2,687 925 1.3 73.4 25.3 92.1 Tennessee 187 6,585 597 5,930 58 9.1 90.1 0.9 100.0 Texas 561 29,066 1,595 26,758 713 5.5 92.1 2.5 100.0 Utah 69 3,193 518 2,675 0 16.2 83.8 0 98.6 Vermont 183 2,554 135 2,419 0 5.3 94.7 0 92.9 Virginia 91 2,385 747 1,638 0 31.3 68.7 0 100.0 Washington 64 1,585 823 704 58 51.9 44.4 3.7 100.0 West Virginia 97 1,367 203 1,164 0 14.9 85.1 0 100.0 Wisconsin 381 13,513 888 10,668 1,957 6.6 78.9 14.5 100.0 Wyoming 23 998 81 897 20 8.1 89.9 2.0 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 2 2 0 0 100.0 0 0 100.0 Puerto Rico 35 24 16 6 2 66.7 25.0 8.3 68.6 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 2Other cooperative agreements (or consortia) within state or region 1State government or state library 3Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported total income and/or all four sources of income, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. 85 (Page is intentionally blank.) 86 Table 15A. District of Columbia, by source of databases and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 Total licensed databases Number Population of of public Total Local State1 Other2 Local State1 Other2 legal service area libraries Total 9,221 400,617 51,346 307,594 41,677 12.8 76.8 10.4 1,000,000 or more 27 3,073 1,426 764 883 46.4 24.9 28.7 500,000 to 999,999 57 6,160 2,736 2,710 714 44.4 44.0 11.6 250,000 to 499,999 106 9,938 3,788 5,593 557 38.1 56.3 5.6 100,000 to 249,999 337 23,561 6,558 15,106 1,897 27.8 64.1 8.1 50,000 to 99,999 557 43,593 10,540 26,242 6,811 24.2 60.2 15.6 25,000 to 49,999 967 53,827 9,560 40,581 3,686 17.8 75.4 6.8 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 84,041 9,780 67,885 6,376 11.6 80.8 7.6 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 62,973 3,982 52,846 6,145 6.3 83.9 9.8 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 44,370 1,369 37,398 5,603 3.1 84.3 12.6 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 42,639 1,161 35,248 6,230 2.7 82.7 14.6 Less than 1,000 997 26,442 446 23,221 2,775 1.7 87.8 10.5 SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table 15A. Total licensed databases in public libraries and percentage distribution of databases in the 50 states and the NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. The response rate is included in Table 15. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. 1State government or state library 2Other cooperative agreements (or consortia) within state or region Percentage Distribution 87 Table 16. of public libraries with “ALA-MLS” librarians, by state: Fiscal year 2008 Paid FTE staff1 Total Librarians Other Percentage Percentage Number of Librarians of total of total public libraries Number with “ALA-MLS”2 FTE librarians FTE staff with of public Response Response Response Response with with “ALA-MLS” State libraries Total rate3 Total rate3 Total rate3 Total rate3 “ALA-MLS” “ALA-MLS” librarians Total 9,221 145,243.5 98.1 47,925.6 98.1 32,561.9 98.1 97,317.9 98.1 67.9 22.4 4,463 Alabama 210 1,756.4 100.0 694.0 100.0 288.9 100.0 1,062.4 100.0 41.6 16.4 75 Alaska 86 315.3 100.0 109.4 100.0 60.5 100.0 205.9 100.0 55.3 19.2 19 Arizona 86 2,268.3 95.3 644.6 95.3 512.3 95.3 1,623.7 95.3 79.5 22.6 43 Arkansas 51 1,038.8 96.1 310.7 98.0 115.6 98.0 728.2 96.1 37.2 11.1 35 California 181 12,725.2 98.9 3,592.7 98.9 3,336.4 98.9 9,132.5 98.9 92.9 26.2 170 Colorado 115 2,907.8 100.0 911.8 100.0 590.8 99.1 1,996.0 100.0 64.8 20.3 66 Connecticut 195 2,411.4 92.8 1,041.2 92.8 749.8 92.8 1,370.2 92.8 72.0 31.1 155 Delaware 21 323.8 100.0 123.9 100.0 60.2 81.0 199.9 100.0 48.6 18.6 12 District of Columbia 1 445.3 100.0 123.3 100.0 123.3 100.0 322.0 100.0 100.0 27.7 1 Florida 80 7,303.0 95.0 2,148.0 96.3 1,836.7 96.3 5,155.0 95.0 85.5 25.1 76 Georgia 59 3,108.1 100.0 708.2 100.0 687.6 100.0 2,399.9 100.0 97.1 22.1 59 Hawaii 1 555.6 100.0 174.0 100.0 174.0 100.0 381.6 100.0 100.0 31.3 1 Idaho 104 694.9 98.1 197.2 98.1 73.1 98.1 497.7 98.1 37.1 10.5 28 Illinois 634 8,427.1 98.7 2,838.3 98.7 1,751.4 98.7 5,588.8 98.7 61.7 20.8 348 Indiana 238 4,577.2 100.0 1,434.4 100.0 905.5 100.0 3,142.8 100.0 63.1 19.8 141 Iowa 539 1,671.4 96.7 930.9 96.7 236.4 100.0 740.5 96.7 25.4 14.1 80 Kansas 327 1,831.4 98.8 933.5 98.5 274.1 98.5 897.8 98.5 29.4 15.0 55 Kentucky 116 2,112.5 100.0 1,037.2 100.0 305.2 100.0 1,075.3 100.0 29.4 14.4 43 Louisiana 68 2,296.2 100.0 849.2 100.0 361.9 100.0 1,447.0 100.0 42.6 15.8 53 Maine 272 714.9 95.6 345.3 95.6 160.4 95.6 369.6 95.6 46.4 22.4 91 Maryland 24 3,502.4 100.0 1,313.2 100.0 678.2 100.0 2,189.2 100.0 51.6 19.4 24 Massachusetts 370 3,818.2 99.2 1,741.2 99.2 1,135.0 99.2 2,077.0 99.2 65.2 29.7 262 Michigan 384 5,147.4 99.5 1,950.4 99.5 1,345.7 99.5 3,197.0 99.5 69.0 26.1 220 Minnesota 138 2,375.0 100.0 808.4 100.0 546.1 100.0 1,566.6 100.0 67.6 23.0 60 Mississippi 50 1,242.0 100.0 590.0 100.0 107.0 100.0 652.0 100.0 18.1 8.6 40 Missouri 152 3,179.7 100.0 772.7 100.0 399.1 100.0 2,407.0 100.0 51.7 12.6 57 Montana 80 347.0 100.0 183.9 100.0 50.1 100.0 163.1 100.0 27.3 14.4 22 Nebraska 270 811.1 82.2 359.3 82.2 111.5 82.2 451.9 82.2 31.0 13.7 29 Nevada 22 996.1 100.0 235.0 100.0 178.0 100.0 761.1 100.0 75.7 17.9 11 New Hampshire 231 855.8 97.4 461.5 97.4 192.3 94.8 394.3 97.4 41.7 22.5 95 See notes at end of table. Table 16. Number of paid full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff in public libraries, by type of position; percentage of total librarians and total staff with “ALA-MLS” degrees; and number 88 Table 16. of public libraries with “ALA-MLS” librarians, by state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued Paid FTE staff1 Total Librarians Other Percentage Percentage Number of Librarians of total of total public libraries Number with “ALA-MLS”2 FTE librarians FTE staff with of public Response Response Response Response with with “ALA-MLS” State libraries Total rate3 Total rate3 Total rate3 Total rate3 “ALA-MLS” “ALA-MLS” librarians New Jersey4 303 5,200.5 92.7 1,464.0 92.7 1,453.0 92.7 3,736.5 92.7 99.2 27.9 250 New Mexico 91 723.9 100.0 296.8 100.0 145.3 100.0 427.1 100.0 48.9 20.1 26 New York 755 13,228.4 100.0 4,355.0 100.0 3,706.5 100.0 8,873.4 100.0 85.1 28.0 407 North Carolina 77 3,181.8 100.0 745.0 100.0 709.8 100.0 2,436.8 100.0 95.3 22.3 75 North Dakota 81 221.6 100.0 115.7 100.0 35.5 95.1 105.9 100.0 30.6 16.0 11 Ohio 251 9,778.3 100.0 2,879.9 100.0 2,051.7 100.0 6,898.4 100.0 71.2 21.0 190 Oklahoma 115 1,283.4 100.0 616.8 100.0 226.5 100.0 666.5 100.0 36.7 17.6 35 Oregon 126 1,715.9 100.0 499.7 100.0 395.6 100.0 1,216.1 100.0 79.2 23.1 72 Pennsylvania 457 4,950.2 99.6 1,525.6 99.6 1,083.9 99.6 3,424.6 99.6 71.0 21.9 261 Rhode Island 48 624.6 97.9 239.4 97.9 212.6 97.9 385.2 97.9 88.8 34.0 47 South Carolina 42 1,875.4 100.0 581.6 100.0 448.5 100.0 1,293.8 100.0 77.1 23.9 41 South Dakota 114 359.9 92.1 142.3 92.1 46.0 87.7 217.6 92.1 32.3 12.8 19 Tennessee 187 1,838.5 100.0 562.5 100.0 312.1 100.0 1,276.0 100.0 55.5 17.0 42 Texas 561 7,267.2 100.0 2,273.6 100.0 1,654.2 99.8 4,993.6 100.0 72.8 22.8 209 Utah 69 1,158.3 98.6 328.3 98.6 174.7 98.6 830.1 98.6 53.2 15.1 20 Vermont 183 325.5 93.4 193.8 94.0 50.9 94.0 131.7 93.4 26.3 15.6 41 Virginia 91 3,975.8 100.0 1,025.1 100.0 895.6 100.0 2,950.7 100.0 87.4 22.5 83 Washington 64 3,641.3 100.0 869.2 100.0 831.0 100.0 2,772.1 100.0 95.6 22.8 47 West Virginia 97 626.0 100.0 319.4 100.0 94.6 100.0 306.6 100.0 29.6 15.1 36 Wisconsin 381 3,071.9 100.0 1,152.3 100.0 642.7 100.0 1,919.7 100.0 55.8 20.9 167 Wyoming 23 436.1 100.0 176.3 100.0 44.1 100.0 259.8 100.0 25.0 10.1 13 Outlying areas Guam 1 32.0 100.0 0 100.0 0 100.0 32.0 100.0 0 0 0 Puerto Rico 35 301.0 100.0 84.0 85.7 18.0 100.0 217.0 100.0 21.4 6.0 12 Table 16. Number of paid full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff in public libraries, by type of position; percentage of total librarians and total staff with “ALA-MLS” degrees; and number NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 1Paid staff were reported in FTEs. To ensure comparable data, 40 hours was set as the measure of full-time employment (for example, 60 hours per week of part-time work by employees in a staff category divided by the 40-hour measure equals 1.50 FTEs). FTE data were reported to two decimal places but rounded to one decimal place in the table. Paid staff is one of four criteria used in the Public Libraries Survey to define a public library. Some states report public libraries that do not have paid staff but meet the definition of a public library under state law. 3Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported the item, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. 4The number of "certified" librarians was reported in the Librarians with "ALA-MLS" column, as the state does not distinguish between Master's degrees from programs of library and information studies accredited by the American Library Association (ALA) and all other Master's degrees in library science awarded by institutions of higher education. Nationally, 7162 Master's degrees in library science were awarded by institutions of higher education in 2007-08 (Digest of Education Statistics, 2009, [NCES 2010013], Table 272. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.) Data for Master's degrees from ALA-accredited programs were not available yet. However, the 4-year average was 87 percent, which is an estimated 5,887 graduates in 2006-2007. (ALA, Office for Human Resource Development and Recruitment, Degrees and Certificates Awarded by U.S. Library and Information Studies Education Programs). 2“ALA-MLS”: A Master's degree from a graduate library education program accredited by the American Library Association (ALA). Librarians with an “ALA-MLS” are also included in total librarians. 89 (Page is intentionally blank.) 90 Paid FTE staff1 Percentage Percentage Number of Librarians of total of total public libraries Number Librarians FTE librarians FTE staff with Population of of public with with with “ALA-MLS” legal service area libraries Total “ALA-MLS”2 Other “ALA-MLS” “ALA-MLS” librarians Total 9,221 145,243.5 47,925.6 32,561.9 97,317.9 67.9 22.4 4,463 1,000,000 or more 27 18,678.0 4,991.4 4,781.6 13,686.7 95.8 25.6 26 500,000 to 999,999 57 20,308.9 5,611.8 4,990.7 14,697.1 88.9 24.6 57 250,000 to 499,999 106 16,577.5 4,953.5 4,082.7 11,624.1 82.4 24.6 106 100,000 to 249,999 337 23,134.3 6,535.7 4,980.0 16,598.6 76.2 21.5 335 50,000 to 99,999 557 18,872.9 6,011.7 4,300.5 12,861.2 71.5 22.8 538 25,000 to 49,999 967 18,435.1 6,496.2 4,364.3 11,938.9 67.2 23.7 877 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 16,467.5 6,441.1 3,531.3 10,026.4 54.8 21.4 1,301 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 6,873.0 3,194.1 1,054.1 3,678.8 33.0 15.3 689 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 3,175.5 1,790.3 314.8 1,385.2 17.6 9.9 310 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 2,050.1 1,398.2 131.5 651.9 9.4 6.4 176 Less than 1,000 997 670.5 501.5 30.3 169.0 6.0 4.5 48 Total SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 2“ALA-MLS”: A Master's degree from a graduate library education program accredited by the American Library Association. Librarians with an “ALA-MLS” are also included in total librarians. Table 16A. Number of paid full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff in public libraries, by type of position; percentage of total librarians and total Table 16A. staff with “ALA-MLS” degrees, and number of public libraries with “ALA-MLS” librarians in the 50 states and the Table 16A. District of Columbia by population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. The response rates are included in Table 16. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. 1Paid staff were reported in FTEs. To ensure comparable data, 40 hours was set as the measure of full-time employment (for example, 60 hours per week of part-time work by employees in a staff category divided by the 40-hour measure equals 1.50 FTEs). FTE data were reported to two decimal places but rounded to one decimal place in the table. Paid staff is one of four criteria used in the Public Libraries Survey to define a public library. Some states report public libraries that do not have paid staff but meet the definition of a public library under state law. 91 Number of paid FTE staff 1 0.01 1 2 5 10 25 50 100 250 Number to to to to to to to to or of public 0 0.99 1.99 4.99 9.99 24.99 49.99 99.99 249.99 more Response State libraries Percentage distribution rate2 Total 9,221 2.4 16.4 15.8 22.0 16.1 15.1 6.5 3.1 1.6 0.9 98.1 Alabama 210 1.0 9.5 18.1 34.8 18.6 13.8 1.4 1.4 1.4 0 100.0 Alaska 86 18.6 43.0 8.1 15.1 9.3 3.5 0 2.3 0 0 100.0 Arizona 86 2.3 2.3 14.0 29.1 22.1 14.0 5.8 4.7 3.5 2.3 95.3 Arkansas 51 2.0 0 3.9 19.6 11.8 31.4 27.5 2.0 2.0 0 96.1 California 181 1.1 0.6 0 4.4 8.3 28.2 26.0 14.9 10.5 6.1 98.9 Colorado 115 0.9 6.1 16.5 24.3 19.1 15.7 7.0 4.3 3.5 2.6 100.0 Connecticut 195 3.6 4.1 8.2 20.0 27.7 21.5 11.8 2.1 1.0 0 92.8 Delaware 21 0 0 0 38.1 33.3 14.3 9.5 0 4.8 0 100.0 District of Columbia 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 100.0 Florida 80 1.3 0 2.5 5.0 11.3 22.5 21.3 15.0 10.0 11.3 95.0 Georgia 59 0 0 0 0 11.9 33.9 25.4 16.9 8.5 3.4 100.0 Hawaii 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 100.0 Idaho 104 1.9 21.2 24.0 24.0 11.5 9.6 6.7 0 1.0 0 98.1 Illinois 634 1.3 14.8 18.8 22.1 12.1 16.9 8.4 4.6 0.9 0.2 98.7 Indiana 238 0 5.5 14.3 19.7 15.5 27.3 8.8 6.7 1.3 0.8 100.0 Iowa 539 2.8 40.3 24.7 18.9 8.0 3.2 1.5 0.6 0.2 0 96.7 Kansas 327 3.4 41.0 19.9 19.3 7.3 5.8 1.5 0.6 0.9 0.3 98.8 Kentucky 116 0 0 1.7 10.3 49.1 25.9 7.8 1.7 2.6 0.9 100.0 Louisiana 68 0 1.5 0 11.8 19.1 38.2 10.3 10.3 7.4 1.5 100.0 Maine 272 16.2 35.7 13.6 17.3 12.1 4.4 0.4 0.4 0 0 95.6 Maryland 24 0 0 0 0 0 29.2 12.5 20.8 8.3 29.2 100.0 Massachusetts 370 0.8 15.4 8.1 21.6 23.0 24.1 5.4 1.4 0 0.3 99.2 Michigan 384 0.3 6.8 17.2 27.3 20.6 16.1 4.9 4.7 1.8 0.3 99.5 Minnesota 138 0 11.6 24.6 26.8 13.0 13.0 3.6 2.9 3.6 0.7 100.0 Mississippi 50 0 0 0 10.0 18.0 46.0 14.0 6.0 6.0 0 100.0 Missouri 152 0 11.8 16.4 28.3 19.7 12.5 5.9 0.7 2.6 2.0 100.0 Montana 80 0 16.3 28.8 35.0 11.3 3.8 5.0 0 0 0 100.0 Nebraska 270 17.0 34.1 23.0 14.1 7.0 3.7 0.4 0 0.7 0 82.2 Nevada 22 0 0 18.2 22.7 9.1 36.4 0 4.5 4.5 4.5 100.0 New Hampshire 231 5.2 25.1 19.9 29.4 10.8 8.7 0.9 0 0 0 97.4 See notes at end of table. Table 17. Percentage distribution of public libraries, by number of paid full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff and state: Fiscal year 2008 92 Number of paid FTE staff 1 0.01 1 2 5 10 25 50 100 250 Number to to to to to to to to or of public 0 0.99 1.99 4.99 9.99 24.99 49.99 99.99 249.99 more Response State libraries Percentage distribution rate2 New Jersey 303 0 1.7 4.3 23.8 27.1 28.7 9.2 2.3 2.6 0.3 92.7 New Mexico 91 11.0 6.6 20.9 31.9 15.4 7.7 3.3 2.2 1.1 0 100.0 New York 755 0 19.6 19.7 17.6 15.1 14.6 9.5 2.6 0.7 0.5 100.0 North Carolina 77 0 0 0 2.6 10.4 36.4 29.9 13.0 6.5 1.3 100.0 North Dakota 81 8.6 46.9 11.1 21.0 7.4 2.5 2.5 0 0 0 100.0 Ohio 251 0 0 2.4 11.2 21.1 32.3 17.1 9.2 4.0 2.8 100.0 Oklahoma 115 0 25.2 19.1 31.3 13.0 7.0 0 1.7 0.9 1.7 100.0 Oregon 126 0 20.6 14.3 19.0 21.4 13.5 5.6 4.0 0.8 0.8 100.0 Pennsylvania 457 0.2 6.3 16.8 30.2 24.7 14.7 4.6 1.5 0.4 0.4 99.6 Rhode Island 48 2.1 4.2 2.1 29.2 18.8 33.3 6.3 2.1 2.1 0 97.9 South Carolina 42 0 0 0 7.1 26.2 23.8 14.3 19.0 7.1 2.4 100.0 South Dakota 114 1.8 37.7 26.3 21.9 7.9 2.6 0.9 0.9 0 0 92.1 Tennessee 187 0 21.4 20.3 26.2 18.2 9.1 2.7 0.5 0.5 1.1 100.0 Texas 561 2.0 10.3 16.4 33.2 19.3 10.2 5.2 1.6 0.9 1.1 100.0 Utah 69 0 11.6 17.4 30.4 14.5 15.9 1.4 5.8 1.4 1.4 98.6 Vermont 183 8.7 45.4 23.0 13.7 7.1 2.2 0 0 0 0 93.4 Virginia 91 0 1.1 1.1 14.3 18.7 27.5 17.6 8.8 8.8 2.2 100.0 Washington 64 0 15.6 7.8 14.1 15.6 18.8 4.7 7.8 9.4 6.3 100.0 West Virginia 97 0 11.3 25.8 30.9 18.6 9.3 2.1 1.0 1.0 0 100.0 Wisconsin 381 0 12.1 25.2 29.4 13.4 14.4 3.4 1.6 0.3 0.3 100.0 Wyoming 23 0 0 0 8.7 30.4 34.8 21.7 4.3 0 0 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 0 0 100.0 Puerto Rico 35 0 0 11.4 25.7 40.0 14.3 5.7 2.9 0 0 100.0 Table 17. Percentage distribution of public libraries, by number of paid full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. 1Paid staff were reported in FTEs. To ensure comparable data, 40 hours was set as the measure of full-time employment (for example, 60 hours per week of part-time work by employees in a staff category divided by the 40-hour measure equals 1.50 FTEs). FTE data were reported to two decimal places. Paid staff is one of four criteria used in the Public Libraries Survey to define a public library. Some states report public libraries that do not have paid staff but meet the definition of a public library under state law. 2Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported total paid FTE staff, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. 93 (Page is intentionally blank.) 94 Table 17A. population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 Number of paid FTE staff 1 .01 1.0 2 5 10 25 50 100 250 Number to to to to to to to to or Population of of public 0 .99 1.99 4.99 9.99 24.99 49.99 99.99 249.99 more legal service area libraries Percentage distribution Total 9,221 2.4 16.4 15.8 22.0 16.1 15.1 6.5 3.1 1.6 0.9 1,000,000 or more 27 3.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 96.3 500,000 to 999,999 57 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24.6 75.4 250,000 to 499,999 106 0 0 0 0 0 0.9 2.8 20.8 63.2 12.3 100,000 to 249,999 337 0 0 0 0.3 0.6 4.5 34.1 41.5 18.4 0.6 50,000 to 99,999 557 0 0.2 0.2 1.1 4.8 33.0 42.4 16.9 1.4 0 25,000 to 49,999 967 0.3 0.4 0.2 3.7 16.2 56.7 19.3 3.0 0.1 0 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 0.1 0.5 2.0 20.4 42.8 31.0 3.0 0.1 0 0 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 0.3 3.5 12.2 48.3 29.9 5.5 0.2 0 0 0 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 1.0 13.7 33.1 45.4 6.1 0.6 0 0 0 0 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 3.6 39.5 39.4 16.3 0.9 0.3 0 0 0 0 Less than 1,000 997 14.2 64.5 17.2 3.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 0 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. The response rate is included in Table 17. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. 1Paid staff were reported in FTEs. To ensure comparable data, 40 hours was set as the measure of full-time employment (for example, 60 hours per week of part-time work by employees in a staff category divided by the 40-hour measure equals 1.50 FTEs). FTE data were reported to two decimal places. Paid staff is one of four criteria used in the Public Libraries Survey to define a public library. Some states report public libraries that do not have paid staff but meet the definition of a public library under state law. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table 17A. Percentage distribution of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by number of paid full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff and 95 Total operating revenue Number of public Total Federal1 State Local Other2 Federal State Local Other Response State libraries (In thousands) Percentage distribution rate3 Total 9,221 $11,391,455 $50,467 $987,040 $9,420,743 $933,189 0.4 8.7 82.7 8.2 97.9 Alabama 210 98,557 1,369 5,106 81,762 10,320 1.4 5.2 83.0 10.5 100.0 Alaska 86 31,847 1,007 934 28,363 1,544 3.2 2.9 89.1 4.8 100.0 Arizona 86 199,710 1,031 645 185,677 12,356 0.5 0.3 93.0 6.2 94.2 Arkansas 51 62,599 96 4,583 53,936 3,984 0.2 7.3 86.2 6.4 96.1 California 181 1,326,125 4,202 34,133 1,194,133 93,657 0.3 2.6 90.0 7.1 98.9 Colorado 115 258,686 278 124 237,065 21,219 0.1 # 91.6 8.2 100.0 Connecticut 195 178,261 147 1,916 150,919 25,279 0.1 1.1 84.7 14.2 92.8 Delaware 21 25,985 1 3,167 21,252 1,565 # 12.2 81.8 6.0 100.0 District of Columbia 1 45,836 923 0 44,563 350 2.0 0 97.2 0.8 100.0 Florida 80 661,524 610 31,402 600,014 29,498 0.1 4.7 90.7 4.5 96.3 Georgia 59 208,289 403 35,267 161,147 11,471 0.2 16.9 77.4 5.5 100.0 Hawaii 1 35,414 1,242 31,359 0 2,813 3.5 88.6 0 7.9 100.0 Idaho 104 42,948 182 1,134 37,676 3,956 0.4 2.6 87.7 9.2 98.1 Illinois 634 714,485 3,149 34,423 618,145 58,768 0.4 4.8 86.5 8.2 98.4 Indiana 238 288,458 684 18,549 249,145 20,080 0.2 6.4 86.4 7.0 100.0 Iowa 539 99,122 551 2,749 87,069 8,752 0.6 2.8 87.8 8.8 96.7 Kansas 327 108,371 297 3,988 94,378 9,708 0.3 3.7 87.1 9.0 98.8 Kentucky 116 151,674 725 7,520 131,383 12,045 0.5 5.0 86.6 7.9 100.0 Louisiana 68 185,157 5,431 8,443 159,179 12,104 2.9 4.6 86.0 6.5 100.0 Maine 272 39,734 8 372 29,256 10,099 # 0.9 73.6 25.4 95.6 Maryland 24 269,984 2,806 33,916 190,191 43,070 1.0 12.6 70.4 16.0 100.0 Massachusetts 370 262,334 2,293 9,186 227,276 23,580 0.9 3.5 86.6 9.0 98.1 Michigan 384 444,180 188 10,157 403,566 30,269 # 2.3 90.9 6.8 97.7 Minnesota 138 198,576 471 7,732 173,255 17,118 0.2 3.9 87.2 8.6 100.0 Mississippi 50 48,273 433 9,893 32,552 5,395 0.9 20.5 67.4 11.2 100.0 Missouri 152 211,365 1,842 4,277 187,149 18,098 0.9 2.0 88.5 8.6 100.0 Montana 80 22,416 39 379 19,715 2,283 0.2 1.7 88.0 10.2 100.0 Nebraska 270 48,035 238 569 43,871 3,357 0.5 1.2 91.3 7.0 82.2 Nevada 22 101,658 1,246 3,665 73,083 23,665 1.2 3.6 71.9 23.3 100.0 New Hampshire 231 51,722 4 27 47,831 3,860 # 0.1 92.5 7.5 98.3 See notes at end of table. Table 18. Total operating revenue of public libraries and percentage distribution of revenue, by source of revenue and state: Fiscal year 2008 96 Total operating revenue Number of public Total Federal1 State Local Other2 Federal State Local Other Response State libraries (In thousands) Percentage distribution rate3 New Jersey 303 $495,335 $966 $8,195 $465,396 $20,778 0.2 1.7 94.0 4.2 92.4 New Mexico 91 47,396 338 2,548 42,159 2,351 0.7 5.4 88.9 5.0 100.0 New York 755 1,135,733 5,332 58,347 933,124 138,930 0.5 5.1 82.2 12.2 100.0 North Carolina 77 209,891 1,420 16,920 176,493 15,058 0.7 8.1 84.1 7.2 100.0 North Dakota 81 12,832 2 720 10,701 1,409 # 5.6 83.4 11.0 100.0 Ohio 251 730,592 0 449,875 204,256 76,460 0 61.6 28.0 10.5 100.0 Oklahoma 115 92,084 270 2,770 83,642 5,402 0.3 3.0 90.8 5.9 100.0 Oregon 126 169,587 686 712 158,108 10,081 0.4 0.4 93.2 5.9 99.2 Pennsylvania 457 345,622 4,453 84,638 206,783 49,748 1.3 24.5 59.8 14.4 99.6 Rhode Island 48 47,599 321 8,736 32,758 5,784 0.7 18.4 68.8 12.2 97.9 South Carolina 42 114,403 509 9,818 98,430 5,647 0.4 8.6 86.0 4.9 100.0 South Dakota 114 21,664 28 10 20,446 1,163 0.1 # 94.5 5.4 92.1 Tennessee 187 103,860 365 439 94,671 8,386 0.4 0.4 91.2 8.1 100.0 Texas 561 449,846 1,063 5,034 424,639 19,109 0.2 1.1 94.4 4.2 100.0 Utah 69 85,348 351 837 79,626 4,535 0.4 1.0 93.3 5.3 98.6 Vermont 183 20,637 36 82 14,645 5,874 0.2 0.4 71.0 28.5 92.3 Virginia 91 277,224 568 17,259 246,073 13,324 0.2 6.2 88.8 4.8 100.0 Washington 64 336,147 564 1,099 322,324 12,160 0.2 0.3 95.9 3.6 100.0 West Virginia 97 33,406 256 8,953 21,024 3,172 0.8 26.8 62.9 9.5 100.0 Wisconsin 381 212,951 988 4,323 196,340 11,301 0.5 2.0 92.2 5.3 100.0 Wyoming 23 27,975 57 110 25,555 2,253 0.2 0.4 91.4 8.1 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 1,470 0 0 1,436 34 0 0 97.7 2.3 100.0 Puerto Rico 35 3,994 24 645 3,378 374 0.6 14.6 76.4 8.5 51.4 # Rounds to zero. 1This includes federal funds, such as Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA) funds, that are distributed to public libraries through state library agencies. Other federal funds that are used by state library agencies or library cooperatives to provide services that benefit local public libraries are not included in the table because they are not received as income by public libraries. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 2This includes monetary gifts and donations received in the current year, interest, library fines, fees for library services, or grants. 3Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported total income and/or all four sources of income, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. Table 18. Total operating revenue of public libraries and percentage distribution of revenue, by source of revenue and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued 97 (Page is intentionally blank.) 98 Table 18A. and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 Total operating revenue Number Population of of public Total Federal1 State Local Other2 Federal State Local Other legal service area libraries (In thousands) Percentage distribution Total 9,221 $11,391,455 $50,467 $987,040 $9,420,743 $933,189 0.4 8.7 82.7 8.2 1,000,000 or more 27 1,764,023 10,826 112,871 1,460,148 180,178 0.6 6.4 82.8 10.2 500,000 to 999,999 57 1,765,749 5,870 150,576 1,479,470 129,832 0.3 8.5 83.8 7.4 250,000 to 499,999 106 1,352,131 8,960 148,824 1,100,553 93,793 0.7 11.0 81.4 6.9 100,000 to 249,999 337 1,790,501 7,293 153,530 1,507,158 122,520 0.4 8.6 84.2 6.8 50,000 to 99,999 557 1,443,358 4,760 152,619 1,184,925 101,053 0.3 10.6 82.1 7.0 25,000 to 49,999 967 1,393,693 4,121 113,810 1,169,703 106,059 0.3 8.2 83.9 7.6 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 1,157,635 3,845 94,948 954,675 104,167 0.3 8.2 82.5 9.0 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 421,679 2,207 38,573 334,690 46,202 0.5 9.1 79.4 11.0 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 174,096 1,312 12,266 134,138 26,375 0.8 7.0 77.1 15.2 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 100,177 862 5,856 75,530 17,923 0.9 5.8 75.4 17.9 Less than 1,000 997 28,412 410 3,165 19,752 5,085 1.4 11.1 69.5 17.9 SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table 18A. Total operating revenue of public libraries and percentage distribution of revenue in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by source of revenue 1This includes federal funds, such as Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA) funds, that are distributed to public libraries through state library agencies. Other federal funds that are used by state library agencies or library cooperatives to provide services that benefit local public libraries are not included in the table because they are not received as income by public libraries. 2This includes monetary gifts and donations received in the current year, interest, library fines, fees for library services, or grants. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. The response rate is included in Table 18. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. 99 Total per capita operating revenue1 Number Total Federal2 State Local Other3 of public Response Response Response Response Response State libraries Total rate4 Total rate4 Total rate4 Total rate4 Total rate4 Total 9,221 $38.62 97.9 $0.17 97.7 $3.35 97.7 $31.94 97.7 $3.16 97.7 Alabama 210 22.21 100.0 0.31 100.0 1.15 100.0 18.42 100.0 2.33 100.0 Alaska 86 46.85 100.0 1.48 100.0 1.37 100.0 41.73 100.0 2.27 100.0 Arizona 86 30.77 94.2 0.16 95.3 0.10 94.2 28.61 95.3 1.90 95.3 Arkansas 51 23.57 96.1 0.04 96.1 1.73 96.1 20.31 96.1 1.50 96.1 California 181 34.85 98.9 0.11 99.4 0.90 99.4 31.38 99.4 2.46 98.9 Colorado 115 53.22 100.0 0.06 100.0 0.03 100.0 48.77 100.0 4.37 100.0 Connecticut 195 50.78 92.8 0.04 92.8 0.55 92.8 42.99 92.8 7.20 92.8 Delaware 21 32.90 100.0 # 100.0 4.01 100.0 26.91 100.0 1.98 100.0 District of Columbia 1 77.91 100.0 1.57 100.0 0 100.0 75.75 100.0 0.59 100.0 Florida 80 35.23 96.3 0.03 96.3 1.67 96.3 31.96 96.3 1.57 96.3 Georgia 59 22.35 100.0 0.04 100.0 3.78 100.0 17.29 100.0 1.23 100.0 Hawaii 1 27.59 100.0 0.97 100.0 24.43 100.0 0 100.0 2.19 100.0 Idaho 104 32.24 98.1 0.14 98.1 0.85 98.1 28.29 98.1 2.97 98.1 Illinois 634 61.15 98.4 0.27 98.6 2.95 98.7 52.91 98.4 5.03 98.4 Indiana 238 50.60 100.0 0.12 100.0 3.25 100.0 43.71 100.0 3.52 100.0 Iowa 539 33.44 96.7 0.19 96.8 0.93 96.7 29.37 96.7 2.95 96.7 Kansas 327 45.83 98.8 0.13 98.8 1.69 98.8 39.91 98.8 4.11 98.8 Kentucky 116 36.08 100.0 0.17 100.0 1.79 100.0 31.25 100.0 2.87 100.0 Louisiana 68 41.98 100.0 1.23 100.0 1.91 100.0 36.09 100.0 2.74 100.0 Maine 272 32.77 95.6 0.01 95.6 0.31 95.6 24.13 95.6 8.33 95.2 Maryland 24 48.21 100.0 0.50 100.0 6.06 100.0 33.96 100.0 7.69 100.0 Massachusetts 370 40.68 98.1 0.36 98.1 1.42 98.1 35.24 98.1 3.66 98.1 Michigan 384 44.72 97.7 0.02 90.6 1.02 90.6 40.63 90.6 3.05 90.6 Minnesota 138 37.73 100.0 0.09 100.0 1.47 100.0 32.92 100.0 3.25 100.0 Mississippi 50 16.43 100.0 0.15 100.0 3.37 100.0 11.08 100.0 1.84 100.0 Missouri 152 41.27 100.0 0.36 100.0 0.84 100.0 36.54 100.0 3.53 100.0 Montana 80 24.90 100.0 0.04 100.0 0.42 100.0 21.90 100.0 2.54 100.0 Nebraska 270 36.98 82.2 0.18 82.2 0.44 82.2 33.78 82.2 2.58 82.2 Nevada 22 37.12 100.0 0.45 100.0 1.34 100.0 26.68 100.0 8.64 100.0 New Hampshire 231 39.45 98.3 # 97.8 0.02 97.8 36.48 98.3 2.94 98.3 See notes at end of table. Table 19. Total per capita operating revenue of public libraries, by source of revenue and state: Fiscal year 2008 100 Table 19. Total per capita operating revenue of public libraries, by source of revenue and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued Total per capita operating revenue1 Number Total Federal2 State Local Other3 of public Response Response Response Response Response State libraries Total rate4 Total rate4 Total rate4 Total rate4 Total rate4 New Jersey 303 $59.42 92.4 $0.12 92.4 $0.98 92.4 $55.83 92.4 $2.49 92.4 New Mexico 91 30.48 100.0 0.22 100.0 1.64 100.0 27.11 100.0 1.51 100.0 New York 755 60.00 100.0 0.28 100.0 3.08 100.0 49.30 100.0 7.34 100.0 North Carolina 77 23.14 100.0 0.16 100.0 1.87 100.0 19.46 100.0 1.66 100.0 North Dakota 81 22.49 100.0 # 100.0 1.26 100.0 18.75 100.0 2.47 100.0 Ohio 251 63.47 100.0 0 100.0 39.08 100.0 17.74 100.0 6.64 100.0 Oklahoma 115 30.91 100.0 0.09 100.0 0.93 100.0 28.08 100.0 1.81 100.0 Oregon 126 50.61 99.2 0.20 100.0 0.21 99.2 47.18 99.2 3.01 99.2 Pennsylvania 457 28.87 99.6 0.37 99.6 7.07 99.6 17.27 99.6 4.16 99.6 Rhode Island 48 45.00 97.9 0.30 97.9 8.26 97.9 30.97 97.9 5.47 97.9 South Carolina 42 25.92 100.0 0.12 100.0 2.22 100.0 22.30 100.0 1.28 100.0 South Dakota 114 31.00 92.1 0.04 92.1 0.01 92.1 29.26 92.1 1.66 92.1 Tennessee 187 17.08 100.0 0.06 100.0 0.07 100.0 15.57 100.0 1.38 100.0 Texas 561 20.21 100.0 0.05 100.0 0.23 100.0 19.07 100.0 0.86 100.0 Utah 69 32.63 98.6 0.13 98.6 0.32 98.6 30.44 98.6 1.73 98.6 Vermont 183 34.18 92.3 0.06 92.3 0.14 92.3 24.26 93.4 9.73 93.4 Virginia 91 36.48 100.0 0.07 100.0 2.27 100.0 32.38 100.0 1.75 100.0 Washington 64 52.05 100.0 0.09 100.0 0.17 100.0 49.91 100.0 1.88 100.0 West Virginia 97 18.47 100.0 0.14 100.0 4.95 100.0 11.63 100.0 1.75 100.0 Wisconsin 381 37.53 100.0 0.17 100.0 0.76 100.0 34.60 100.0 1.99 100.0 Wyoming 23 53.51 100.0 0.11 100.0 0.21 100.0 48.88 100.0 4.31 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 56.58 100.0 0 0 0 0 55.26 100.0 1.31 100.0 Puerto Rico 35 2.94 51.4 0.01 80.0 0.36 82.9 2.14 65.7 0.24 74.3 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. # Rounds to zero. 1Per capita is based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. 3This includes monetary gifts and donations received in the current year, interest, library fines, fees for library services, or grants. 2This includes federal funds, such as Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA) funds, that are distributed to public libraries through state library agencies. Other federal funds that are used by state library agencies or library cooperatives to provide services that benefit local public libraries are not included in the table because they are not received as income by public libraries. 4Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported the item, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. 101 (Page is intentionally blank.) 102 Table 19A. by source of revenue and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 Number Total per capita operating revenue1 Population of of public legal service area libraries Total Federal2 State Local Other3 Total 9,221 $38.62 $0.17 $3.35 $31.94 $3.16 1,000,000 or more 27 36.88 0.23 2.36 30.52 3.77 500,000 to 999,999 57 43.24 0.14 3.69 36.23 3.18 250,000 to 499,999 106 37.23 0.25 4.10 30.30 2.58 100,000 to 249,999 337 34.34 0.14 2.94 28.91 2.35 50,000 to 99,999 557 37.35 0.12 3.95 30.66 2.62 25,000 to 49,999 967 42.02 0.12 3.43 35.27 3.20 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 42.04 0.14 3.45 34.67 3.78 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 39.91 0.21 3.65 31.67 4.37 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 36.42 0.27 2.57 28.06 5.52 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 39.22 0.34 2.29 29.57 7.02 Less than 1,000 997 50.19 0.72 5.59 34.89 8.98 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. The response rates are included in Table 19. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table 19A. Total per capita operating revenue of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, 1Per capita is based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. 2This includes federal funds, such as Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA) funds, that are distributed to public libraries through state library agencies. Other federal funds that are used by state library agencies or library cooperatives to provide services that benefit local public libraries are not included in the table because they are not received as income by public libraries. 3This includes monetary gifts and donations received in the current year, interest, library fines, fees for library services, or grants. 103 Per capita operating revenue1 from local sources $0 $1 $3 $5 $7 $9 $12 $15 $20 $30 Number to to to to to to to to to or of public $.99 $2.99 $4.99 $6.99 $8.99 $11.99 $14.99 $19.99 $29.99 more Response State libraries Percentage distribution rate2 Total 9,221 3.5 3.4 3.1 4.0 4.0 6.2 6.4 11.1 19.5 38.8 97.7 Alabama 210 2.4 11.0 8.1 5.2 9.0 6.7 7.6 11.0 14.3 24.8 100.0 Alaska 86 16.3 1.2 1.2 0 2.3 4.7 4.7 4.7 9.3 55.8 100.0 Arizona 86 2.3 0 1.2 2.3 2.3 1.2 4.7 11.6 26.7 47.7 95.3 Arkansas 51 0 2.0 3.9 9.8 2.0 13.7 21.6 17.6 17.6 11.8 96.1 California 181 0 0 1.7 0.6 0.6 7.7 4.4 7.7 30.9 46.4 99.4 Colorado 115 0 0.9 1.7 0 4.3 3.5 2.6 4.3 12.2 70.4 100.0 Connecticut 195 4.1 6.2 1.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.6 10.8 69.2 92.8 Delaware 21 0 0 0 0 4.8 9.5 19.0 19.0 28.6 19.0 100.0 District of Columbia 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 100.0 Florida 80 0 0 0 3.8 5.0 11.3 6.3 20.0 16.3 37.5 96.3 Georgia 59 0 0 5.1 11.9 16.9 25.4 13.6 13.6 10.2 3.4 100.0 Hawaii 1 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Idaho 104 0 0 0 0 6.7 4.8 7.7 15.4 34.6 30.8 98.1 Illinois 634 0.8 0.3 1.1 2.4 2.2 3.6 7.7 11.0 21.0 49.8 98.4 Indiana 238 1.3 0.4 0 1.3 0.8 0.4 3.8 4.6 17.2 70.2 100.0 Iowa 539 0.2 1.3 1.5 3.3 3.3 8.2 9.1 17.4 30.1 25.6 96.7 Kansas 327 0.3 0 0.9 1.2 2.1 5.8 8.6 17.1 24.8 39.1 98.8 Kentucky 116 3.4 0.9 0 0 1.7 3.4 5.2 19.0 32.8 33.6 100.0 Louisiana 68 0 0 1.5 0 1.5 4.4 2.9 16.2 23.5 50.0 100.0 Maine 272 9.9 11.8 8.1 7.7 5.5 9.6 6.3 9.2 11.8 20.2 95.6 Maryland 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.2 20.8 29.2 45.8 100.0 Massachusetts 370 0.3 0.5 0.5 1.9 2.4 3.8 4.1 7.3 30.0 49.2 98.1 Michigan 384 0 0 0.3 3.4 2.1 7.0 5.5 13.3 21.1 47.4 90.6 Minnesota 138 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0 2.9 2.9 6.5 26.8 58.0 100.0 Mississippi 50 0 2.0 10.0 16.0 20.0 28.0 10.0 10.0 2.0 2.0 100.0 Missouri 152 1.3 0 0.7 2.6 5.3 17.1 15.1 14.5 23.0 20.4 100.0 Montana 80 0 1.3 0 2.5 2.5 6.3 8.8 27.5 28.8 22.5 100.0 Nebraska 270 1.5 0.4 0.7 1.9 0.7 1.9 1.9 6.3 21.5 63.3 82.2 Nevada 22 0 0 0 0 0 4.5 4.5 9.1 45.5 36.4 100.0 New Hampshire 231 5.6 2.6 3.0 1.7 2.2 3.9 2.6 7.8 19.9 50.6 98.3 See notes at end of table. Table 20. Percentage distribution of public libraries, by per capita operating revenue from local sources and state: Fiscal year 2008 104 Per capita operating revenue1 from local sources $0 $1 $3 $5 $7 $9 $12 $15 $20 $30 Number to to to to to to to to to or of public $.99 $2.99 $4.99 $6.99 $8.99 $11.99 $14.99 $19.99 $29.99 more Response State libraries Percentage distribution rate2 New Jersey 303 0 1.3 0.3 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.7 2.3 6.3 84.8 92.4 New Mexico 91 3.3 4.4 1.1 2.2 4.4 3.3 3.3 14.3 18.7 45.1 100.0 New York 755 0.9 0.8 2.3 2.3 3.4 6.5 6.6 10.2 17.5 49.5 100.0 North Carolina 77 0 0 1.3 3.9 7.8 24.7 13.0 22.1 11.7 15.6 100.0 North Dakota 81 2.5 2.5 16.0 19.8 9.9 12.3 12.3 12.3 8.6 3.7 100.0 Ohio 251 62.5 1.6 1.2 3.2 0.4 1.6 6.0 4.8 7.6 11.2 100.0 Oklahoma 115 0.9 0 2.6 2.6 2.6 3.5 9.6 26.1 28.7 23.5 100.0 Oregon 126 0 0 0 0 0.8 1.6 4.8 12.7 23.0 57.1 99.2 Pennsylvania 457 5.3 21.9 15.8 14.2 8.3 8.8 6.3 5.9 6.3 7.2 99.6 Rhode Island 48 6.3 0 2.1 0 4.2 0 4.2 2.1 29.2 52.1 97.9 South Carolina 42 0 0 0 7.1 19.0 9.5 14.3 26.2 16.7 7.1 100.0 South Dakota 114 0.9 2.6 0 5.3 1.8 7.0 3.5 12.3 22.8 43.9 92.1 Tennessee 187 0.5 12.3 13.4 16.6 13.4 13.4 8.6 7.0 8.6 6.4 100.0 Texas 561 1.6 5.0 5.7 7.8 9.3 10.2 10.5 18.2 17.6 14.1 100.0 Utah 69 0 1.4 1.4 1.4 5.8 5.8 8.7 20.3 24.6 30.4 98.6 Vermont 183 8.2 5.5 6.6 4.9 6.6 5.5 6.6 12.0 17.5 26.8 93.4 Virginia 91 0 1.1 0 1.1 7.7 9.9 14.3 16.5 17.6 31.9 100.0 Washington 64 0 0 0 0 3.1 3.1 1.6 7.8 14.1 70.3 100.0 West Virginia 97 4.1 34.0 12.4 17.5 7.2 5.2 4.1 7.2 3.1 5.2 100.0 Wisconsin 381 0 0 0 0 0.3 2.4 2.6 8.7 34.4 51.7 100.0 Wyoming 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.3 17.4 78.3 100.0 Outlying area Guam 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 100.0 Puerto Rico 35 71.4 14.3 5.7 0 0 0 0 2.9 2.9 2.9 65.7 SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. Table 20. Percentage distribution of public libraries, by per capita operating revenue from local sources and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued 1Per capita is based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. 2Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported the item, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. 105 (Page is intentionally blank.) 106 Table 20A. population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 Per capita operating revenue1 from local sources $0 $1 $3 $5 $7 $9 $12 $15 $20 $30 Number to to to to to to to to to or Population of public $.99 $2.99 $4.99 $6.99 $8.99 $11.99 $14.99 $19.99 $29.99 more of legal service area libraries Percentage distribution Total 9,221 3.5 3.4 3.1 4.0 4.0 6.2 6.4 11.1 19.5 38.8 1,000,000 or more 27 3.7 0 0 0 0 7.4 0 11.1 33.3 44.4 500,000 to 999,999 57 1.8 0 0 0 0 1.8 1.8 10.5 24.6 59.6 250,000 to 499,999 106 0 0 0.9 0.9 0.9 7.5 3.8 16.0 28.3 41.5 100,000 to 249,999 337 2.7 0.3 1.2 2.1 3.0 9.8 8.9 13.6 22.3 36.2 50,000 to 99,999 557 3.4 2.9 2.9 3.6 4.7 7.7 7.2 10.4 17.6 39.7 25,000 to 49,999 967 3.8 2.8 2.7 4.6 4.3 4.4 5.0 11.2 17.2 44.1 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 4.3 4.1 2.7 4.0 3.9 4.8 5.5 9.7 17.6 43.4 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 3.9 5.0 4.2 3.6 4.1 6.4 6.1 10.0 19.0 37.7 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 2.8 4.7 3.2 4.1 4.3 6.0 7.5 12.4 19.8 35.3 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 2.5 2.5 3.4 4.6 4.3 7.1 7.4 11.9 23.2 33.2 Less than 1,000 997 4.1 1.8 3.1 4.2 3.8 6.6 6.7 11.7 18.7 39.2 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. The response rate is included in Table 20. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table 20A. Percentage distribution of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by per capita operating revenue from local sources and 1Per capita is based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. 107 Table 21. Total operating expenditures of public libraries and percentage distribution of expenditures, by type of Table 21. expenditure and state: Fiscal year 2008 Total operating expenditures Number of public Total Staff Collection Other1 Response State libraries (in thousands) Percentage distribution rate2 Total 9,221 $10,724,925 65.7 12.8 21.5 97.7 Alabama 210 93,203 65.5 12.9 21.7 100.0 Alaska 86 30,975 65.5 9.8 24.7 100.0 Arizona 86 170,752 62.9 15.8 21.2 95.3 Arkansas 51 56,971 57.9 14.8 27.3 96.1 California 181 1,256,910 67.2 10.2 22.6 98.9 Colorado 115 226,517 63.7 13.4 22.9 100.0 Connecticut 195 181,473 70.1 11.2 18.7 92.8 Delaware 21 24,050 64.0 13.8 22.2 100.0 District of Columbia 1 45,935 56.7 9.6 33.7 100.0 Florida 80 573,669 60.4 12.9 26.6 96.3 Georgia 59 202,224 67.5 14.4 18.0 100.0 Hawaii 1 33,755 67.1 14.9 18.0 100.0 Idaho 104 37,058 67.4 13.0 19.6 98.1 Illinois 634 652,292 62.1 12.6 25.3 95.4 Indiana 238 284,289 62.9 14.3 22.8 100.0 Iowa 539 99,049 65.8 14.5 19.7 96.5 Kansas 327 104,673 63.4 13.9 22.7 98.8 Kentucky 116 113,617 60.9 14.1 25.0 100.0 Louisiana 68 142,642 57.9 10.9 31.1 100.0 Maine 272 39,550 67.4 10.7 21.9 95.2 Maryland 24 263,136 68.4 14.3 17.2 100.0 Massachusetts 370 270,047 69.3 13.9 16.8 98.1 Michigan 384 383,411 63.6 12.5 23.9 97.7 Minnesota 138 194,045 67.6 11.7 20.7 100.0 Mississippi 50 44,951 68.0 10.7 21.3 100.0 Missouri 152 188,539 61.1 17.5 21.4 100.0 Montana 80 20,141 65.5 13.4 21.1 100.0 Nebraska 270 44,924 65.2 15.2 19.6 82.2 Nevada 22 86,522 63.3 18.6 18.0 100.0 New Hampshire 231 50,748 71.4 12.3 16.2 96.5 See notes at end of table. 108 Table 21. expenditure and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued Total operating expenditures Number of public Total Staff Collection Other1 Response State libraries (in thousands) Percentage distribution rate2 New Jersey 303 $462,302 68.6 11.2 20.2 92.4 New Mexico 91 44,225 65.0 14.6 20.3 100.0 New York 755 1,093,576 69.0 11.1 19.9 100.0 North Carolina 77 200,625 69.4 12.7 17.9 100.0 North Dakota 81 12,702 60.6 16.7 22.7 100.0 Ohio 251 722,628 64.5 15.6 20.0 100.0 Oklahoma 115 83,721 63.2 14.1 22.7 100.0 Oregon 126 156,030 65.9 11.0 23.1 99.2 Pennsylvania 457 339,344 62.9 14.4 22.6 99.6 Rhode Island 48 45,008 72.0 10.9 17.1 97.9 South Carolina 42 111,759 65.2 15.8 19.0 100.0 South Dakota 114 20,150 69.6 15.1 15.3 92.1 Tennessee 187 101,773 67.1 11.0 21.9 100.0 Texas 561 438,040 67.3 14.3 18.4 100.0 Utah 69 83,849 64.5 16.9 18.6 98.6 Vermont 183 19,591 64.2 11.6 24.1 92.3 Virginia 91 269,931 68.1 12.2 19.7 100.0 Washington 64 337,394 65.2 13.5 21.3 100.0 West Virginia 97 29,660 64.8 14.2 21.0 100.0 Wisconsin 381 208,880 69.6 11.9 18.5 100.0 Wyoming 23 27,668 70.3 11.2 18.5 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 — — — — 0 Puerto Rico 35 3,118 83.9 7.2 8.9 60.0 — Not available. Table 21. Total operating expenditures of public libraries and percentage distribution of expenditures, by type of SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 1This includes all expenditures other than those for staff and collection, such as binding, supplies, repair or replacement of existing furnishings and equipment, and costs of computer hardware and software used to support library operations or to link to external networks, including the Internet. Includes expenditures for contracts for services, such as costs of operating and maintaining physical facilities, and fees paid to a consultant, auditor, architect, attorney, etc. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. 2Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported total operating expenditures and/or all three types of expenditures, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Missing data were not imputed for the outlying areas. 109 (Page is intentionally blank.) 110 Table 21A. Total operating expenditures of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Table 21A. Columbia and percentage distribution of expenditures, by type of expenditure and Total operating expenditures Number Population of of public Total Staff Collection Other1 legal service area libraries (in thousands) Percentage distribution Total 9,221 $10,724,925 65.7 12.8 21.5 1,000,000 or more 27 1,715,869 64.6 12.1 23.3 500,000 to 999,999 57 1,676,324 65.0 14.0 21.1 250,000 to 499,999 106 1,264,645 66.1 13.5 20.4 100,000 to 249,999 337 1,683,520 66.7 12.4 20.8 50,000 to 99,999 557 1,342,472 67.5 12.6 20.0 25,000 to 49,999 967 1,299,138 66.5 12.3 21.2 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 1,072,190 65.7 12.4 21.9 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 390,605 63.6 13.3 23.1 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 160,912 61.6 14.3 24.1 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 93,307 57.6 14.7 27.7 Less than 1,000 997 25,945 52.9 16.2 30.9 1This includes all expenditures other than those for staff and collection, such as binding, supplies, repair or replacement of existing furnishings and equipment, and costs of computer hardware and software used to support library operations or to link to external networks, including the Internet. Includes expenditures for contracts for services, such as costs of operating and maintaining physical facilities, and fees paid to a consultant, auditor, architect, attorney, etc. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. The response rate is included in Table 21. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table 21A. population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 111 Table 22. Total per capita operating expenditures of public libraries, by type of expenditure and state: Fiscal year 2008 Total per capita1 operating expenditures Number Total Staff Collection Other2 of public Response Response Response Response State libraries Total rate3 Total rate3 Total rate3 Total rate3 Total 9,221 $36.36 97.7 $23.89 97.4 $4.67 97.9 $7.81 97.9 Alabama 210 21.00 100.0 13.75 100.0 2.71 100.0 4.55 100.0 Alaska 86 45.57 100.0 29.87 100.0 4.46 100.0 11.24 100.0 Arizona 86 26.31 95.3 16.57 94.2 4.16 95.3 5.59 94.2 Arkansas 51 21.45 96.1 12.42 96.1 3.17 96.1 5.86 96.1 California 181 33.03 98.9 22.21 99.4 3.36 99.4 7.47 98.9 Colorado 115 46.60 100.0 29.68 100.0 6.25 100.0 10.67 100.0 Connecticut 195 51.69 92.8 36.22 92.8 5.80 92.8 9.67 92.8 Delaware 21 30.45 100.0 19.50 100.0 4.20 100.0 6.75 100.0 District of Columbia 1 78.08 100.0 44.30 100.0 7.49 100.0 26.28 100.0 Florida 80 30.55 96.3 18.46 96.3 3.95 96.3 8.14 96.3 Georgia 59 21.70 100.0 14.65 100.0 3.13 100.0 3.92 100.0 Hawaii 1 26.30 100.0 17.64 100.0 3.92 100.0 4.74 100.0 Idaho 104 27.82 98.1 18.75 98.1 3.63 98.1 5.45 98.1 Illinois 634 55.83 95.4 34.66 95.0 7.04 98.6 14.13 98.6 Indiana 238 49.87 100.0 31.35 100.0 7.13 100.0 11.40 100.0 Iowa 539 33.41 96.5 21.98 96.5 4.85 96.3 6.58 96.5 Kansas 327 44.26 98.8 28.05 98.8 6.15 98.8 10.06 98.8 Kentucky 116 27.02 100.0 16.46 100.0 3.82 100.0 6.74 100.0 Louisiana 68 32.34 100.0 18.74 100.0 3.54 100.0 10.06 100.0 Maine 272 32.62 95.2 22.00 95.2 3.50 94.9 7.13 95.2 Maryland 24 46.99 100.0 32.15 100.0 6.74 100.0 8.09 100.0 Massachusetts 370 41.88 98.1 29.01 98.1 5.83 98.1 7.04 98.1 Michigan 384 38.60 97.7 24.54 96.6 4.82 96.9 9.24 96.9 Minnesota 138 36.87 100.0 24.91 100.0 4.33 100.0 7.62 100.0 Mississippi 50 15.30 100.0 10.41 100.0 1.63 100.0 3.26 100.0 Missouri 152 36.81 100.0 22.50 100.0 6.45 100.0 7.86 100.0 Montana 80 22.37 100.0 14.66 100.0 3.00 100.0 4.71 100.0 Nebraska 270 34.59 82.2 22.54 82.2 5.26 82.2 6.79 82.2 Nevada 22 31.59 100.0 20.00 100.0 5.89 100.0 5.70 100.0 New Hampshire 231 38.71 96.5 27.73 91.8 4.79 96.5 6.31 97.0 See notes at end of table. 112 Table 22. Total per capita operating expenditures of public libraries, by type of expenditure and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued Total per capita1 operating expenditures Number Total Staff Collection Other2 of public Response Response Response Response State libraries Total rate3 Total rate3 Total rate3 Total rate3 New Jersey 303 $55.46 92.4 $38.04 90.4 $6.21 92.4 $11.23 92.4 New Mexico 91 28.44 100.0 18.49 100.0 4.17 100.0 5.78 100.0 New York 755 57.78 100.0 39.88 100.0 6.40 100.0 11.49 100.0 North Carolina 77 22.12 100.0 15.36 100.0 2.81 100.0 3.95 100.0 North Dakota 81 22.26 100.0 13.49 100.0 3.72 100.0 5.05 100.0 Ohio 251 62.77 100.0 40.47 100.0 9.78 100.0 12.53 100.0 Oklahoma 115 28.11 100.0 17.75 100.0 3.97 100.0 6.38 100.0 Oregon 126 46.56 99.2 30.70 99.2 5.12 99.2 10.73 99.2 Pennsylvania 457 28.35 99.6 17.84 99.3 4.10 99.6 6.42 99.6 Rhode Island 48 42.55 97.9 30.64 97.9 4.65 97.9 7.26 97.9 South Carolina 42 25.32 100.0 16.51 100.0 4.00 100.0 4.81 100.0 South Dakota 114 28.83 92.1 20.07 92.1 4.34 92.1 4.42 92.1 Tennessee 187 16.73 100.0 11.23 100.0 1.83 100.0 3.67 100.0 Texas 561 19.68 100.0 13.25 100.0 2.81 100.0 3.62 100.0 Utah 69 32.05 98.6 20.67 98.6 5.42 98.6 5.96 98.6 Vermont 183 32.45 92.3 20.84 93.4 3.78 94.0 7.83 92.9 Virginia 91 35.52 100.0 24.20 100.0 4.32 100.0 7.00 100.0 Washington 64 52.24 100.0 34.06 100.0 7.04 100.0 11.15 100.0 West Virginia 97 16.40 100.0 10.64 100.0 2.33 100.0 3.44 100.0 Wisconsin 381 36.81 100.0 25.62 100.0 4.39 100.0 6.80 100.0 Wyoming 23 52.92 100.0 37.22 100.0 5.93 100.0 9.77 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 — 0 40.96 100.0 — 0 — 0 Puerto Rico 35 2.03 60.0 2.13 80.0 0.23 71.4 0.22 48.6 — Not available. 1Per capita is based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. The determination of the unduplicated figure is the responsibility of the state library agency and should be based on the most recent official state population figures for jurisdictions in the state. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 2This includes all expenditures other than those for staff and collection, such as binding, supplies, repair or replacement of existing furnishings and equipment, and costs of computer hardware and software used to support library operations or to link to external networks, including the Internet. Includes expenditures for contracts for services, such as costs of operating and maintaining physical facilities, and fees paid to a consultant, auditor, architect, attorney, etc. 3Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported the item, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. 113 (Page is intentionally blank.) 114 Table 22A. of Columbia, by type of expenditure and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 Number Total per capita1 operating expenditures Population of of public legal service area libraries Total Staff Collection Other2 Total 9,221 $36.36 $23.89 $4.67 $7.81 1,000,000 or more 27 35.87 23.17 4.35 8.35 500,000 to 999,999 57 41.05 26.68 5.73 8.65 250,000 to 499,999 106 34.82 23.00 4.71 7.11 100,000 to 249,999 337 32.29 21.55 4.02 6.73 50,000 to 99,999 557 34.74 23.44 4.36 6.94 25,000 to 49,999 967 39.17 26.04 4.82 8.30 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 38.94 25.58 4.84 8.53 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 36.97 23.50 4.93 8.54 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 33.67 20.75 4.81 8.13 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 36.53 21.05 5.37 10.11 Less than 1,000 997 45.83 24.27 7.44 14.17 Table 22A. Total per capita operating expenditures of public libraries in the 50 states and the District 2This includes all expenditures other than those for staff and collection, such as binding, supplies, repair or replacement of existing furnishings and equipment, and costs of computer hardware and software used to support library operations or to link to external networks, including the Internet. Includes expenditures for contracts for services, such as costs of operating and maintaining physical facilities, and fees paid to a consultant, auditor, architect, attorney, etc. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the Table. The response rates are included in Table 22. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 1Per capita is based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. The determination of the unduplicated figure is the responsibility of the state library agency and should be based on the most recent official state population figures for jurisdictions in the state. 115 Table 23. Total collection expenditures of public libraries and percentage distribution of expenditures, by type of expenditure and state: Fiscal year 2008 Number Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of of public Total Response total collection Response total collection Response total collection Response State libraries (in thousands) rate3 expenditures rate3 expenditures rate3 expenditures rate3 Total 9,221 $1,377,404 97.9 69.3 97.1 11.3 97.4 19.4 97.0 Alabama 210 12,007 100.0 68.4 100.0 7.0 100.0 24.6 100.0 Alaska 86 3,029 100.0 78.7 100.0 9.8 100.0 11.6 100.0 Arizona 86 26,990 95.3 66.2 95.3 14.6 94.2 19.1 94.2 Arkansas 51 8,428 96.1 76.1 96.1 7.6 96.1 16.3 94.1 California 181 127,776 99.4 69.8 99.4 13.3 99.4 16.9 99.4 Colorado 115 30,383 100.0 57.7 100.0 14.0 100.0 28.3 100.0 Connecticut 195 20,350 92.8 72.9 92.3 11.5 92.3 15.6 92.8 Delaware 21 3,318 100.0 90.2 100.0 4.5 95.2 5.3 100.0 District of Columbia 1 4,409 100.0 54.7 100.0 19.2 100.0 26.1 100.0 Florida 80 74,148 96.3 68.7 86.3 12.6 86.3 18.7 86.3 Georgia 59 29,184 100.0 77.6 96.6 6.4 96.6 16.0 96.6 Hawaii 1 5,030 100.0 74.9 100.0 24.0 100.0 1.1 100.0 Idaho 104 4,829 98.1 79.4 98.1 8.2 98.1 12.4 98.1 Illinois 634 82,283 98.6 69.0 98.6 15.0 98.4 15.9 98.4 Indiana 238 40,635 100.0 71.1 100.0 6.2 100.0 22.6 100.0 Iowa 539 14,387 96.3 71.0 96.3 6.2 96.3 22.9 96.3 Kansas 327 14,552 98.8 66.6 98.8 23.8 98.8 9.6 98.8 Kentucky 116 16,070 100.0 66.4 100.0 11.1 100.0 22.5 100.0 Louisiana 68 15,612 100.0 73.4 100.0 5.7 100.0 20.9 100.0 Maine 272 4,240 94.9 81.9 94.5 4.0 94.5 14.2 94.1 Maryland 24 37,756 100.0 60.9 100.0 15.8 100.0 23.3 100.0 Massachusetts 370 37,605 98.1 72.3 98.1 7.3 98.1 20.4 98.1 Michigan 384 47,882 96.9 68.5 93.0 10.1 93.0 21.4 93.0 Minnesota 138 22,783 100.0 71.2 96.4 9.2 100.0 19.6 97.1 Mississippi 50 4,793 100.0 78.2 100.0 7.9 100.0 13.9 100.0 Missouri 152 33,059 100.0 64.4 100.0 18.4 100.0 17.3 100.0 Montana 80 2,697 100.0 69.4 100.0 18.2 100.0 12.4 100.0 Nebraska 270 6,831 82.2 72.2 82.2 11.8 82.2 16.0 82.2 Nevada 22 16,125 100.0 55.2 100.0 17.6 100.0 27.2 100.0 New Hampshire 231 6,279 96.5 77.5 97.8 7.1 97.4 15.3 96.5 See notes at end of table. Total collection expenditures Other materials expenditures2 Print materials expenditures Electronic materials expenditures1 116 Table 23. Total collection expenditures of public libraries and percentage distribution of expenditures, by type of expenditure and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued Number Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of of public Total Response total collection Response total collection Response total collection Response State libraries (in thousands) rate3 expenditures rate3 expenditures rate3 expenditures rate3 New Jersey 303 $51,787 92.4 71.6 92.4 9.7 92.4 18.7 92.4 New Mexico 91 6,477 100.0 75.3 100.0 9.8 100.0 14.9 100.0 New York 755 121,163 100.0 78.6 100.0 9.9 100.0 11.6 100.0 North Carolina 77 25,490 100.0 82.9 100.0 7.2 100.0 9.8 100.0 North Dakota 81 2,120 100.0 75.6 100.0 10.1 100.0 14.3 100.0 Ohio 251 112,582 100.0 53.9 100.0 10.8 100.0 35.3 100.0 Oklahoma 115 11,827 100.0 74.9 100.0 9.3 100.0 15.8 100.0 Oregon 126 17,172 99.2 68.3 99.2 9.0 99.2 22.7 99.2 Pennsylvania 457 49,043 99.6 65.5 99.6 9.4 99.6 25.2 99.6 Rhode Island 48 4,914 97.9 70.0 97.9 15.8 97.9 14.2 97.9 South Carolina 42 17,642 100.0 72.8 100.0 8.9 100.0 18.3 100.0 South Dakota 114 3,034 92.1 82.2 92.1 8.7 91.2 9.1 91.2 Tennessee 187 11,158 100.0 71.8 100.0 11.3 100.0 16.8 100.0 Texas 561 62,553 100.0 70.8 100.0 11.7 100.0 17.5 100.0 Utah 69 14,169 98.6 66.4 78.3 6.3 98.6 27.3 78.3 Vermont 183 2,282 94.0 80.9 81.4 4.2 87.4 15.0 80.9 Virginia 91 32,846 100.0 69.6 100.0 11.4 100.0 19.0 100.0 Washington 64 45,445 100.0 73.4 95.3 14.8 95.3 11.8 95.3 West Virginia 97 4,206 100.0 76.0 100.0 6.2 100.0 17.7 100.0 Wisconsin 381 24,928 100.0 70.9 99.5 5.6 99.5 23.5 99.5 Wyoming 23 3,098 100.0 71.3 100.0 8.4 100.0 20.3 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 — 0 — 0 — 0 — 0 Puerto Rico 35 375 71.4 58.4 65.7 9.7 45.7 6.5 42.9 — Not available. Print materials expenditures Electronic materials expenditures1 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 3Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported the item, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Missing data were not imputed for the outlying areas. Total collection expenditures 2 This includes all operating expenditures for other materials, such as microform, audio, video, DVD, and materials in new formats. 1This includes all operating expenditures for electronic (digital) materials. Types of electronic materials include e-books, e-serials (including journals), government documents, databases (including locally mounted, full text or not), electronic files, reference tools, scores, maps, or pictures in electronic or digital format, including materials digitized by the library. Electronic materials can be distributed on magnetic tape, diskettes, computer software, CD-ROM, or other portable digital carrier, and can be accessed via a computer, via access to the Internet, or by using an e-book reader. This includes expenditures for materials held locally and for remote electronic materials for which permanent or temporary access rights have been acquired. It also includes expenditures for database licenses. Other materials expenditures2 117 (Page is intentionally blank.) 118 Table 23A. Total collection expenditures of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia and Table 23A. percentage distribution of expenditures, by type of expenditure and population of legal service Table 23A. area: Fiscal year 2008 Print Electronic Other materials materials materials Total expenditures expenditures expenditures Number collection as percentage of as percentage of as percentage of Population of of public expenditures total collection total collection total collection legal service area libraries (in thousands) expenditures expenditures1 expenditures2 Total 9,221 $1,377,404 69.3 11.3 19.4 1,000,000 or more 27 208,150 76.4 10.8 12.8 500,000 to 999,999 57 233,855 65.1 14.2 20.7 250,000 to 499,999 106 171,101 65.5 12.3 22.2 100,000 to 249,999 337 209,490 67.7 11.8 20.5 50,000 to 99,999 557 168,485 68.1 11.5 20.4 25,000 to 49,999 967 159,992 68.1 11.4 20.5 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 133,260 70.8 8.9 20.2 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 52,142 73.7 5.8 20.5 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 22,987 77.6 3.7 18.6 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 13,730 79.3 3.6 17.0 Less than 1,000 997 4,212 78.7 6.0 15.3 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. The response rates are included in Table 23. Data were not imputed for the outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Total collection expenditures 2 This includes all operating expenditures for other materials, such as microform, audio, video, DVD, and materials in new formats. 1Electronic materials expenditures include all operating expenditures for electronic (digital) materials. Types of electronic materials include e-books, e-serials (including journals), government documents, databases (including locally mounted, full text or not), electronic files, reference tools, scores, maps, or pictures in electronic or digital format, including materials digitized by the library. Electronic materials can be distributed on magnetic tape, diskettes, computer software, CD-ROM, or other portable digital carrier, and can be accessed via a computer, via access to the Internet, or by using an e-book reader. This includes expenditures for materials held locally and for remote electronic materials for which permanent or temporary access rights have been acquired. It also includes expenditures for database licenses. 119 Table 24. Percentage distribution of public libraries, by total operating expenditures and state: Fiscal year 2008 Total operating expenditures Less $10,000 $50,000 $100,000 $200,000 $400,000 $700,000 $1,000,000 $5,000,000 Number than to to to to to to to or of public $10,000 $49,999 $99,999 $199,999 $399,999 $699,999 $999,999 $4,999,999 more Response State libraries Percentage distribution rate1 Total 9,221 4.1 19.5 14.1 14.4 13.1 10.1 5.7 14.8 4.1 97.7 Alabama 210 1.9 27.6 16.2 18.1 17.1 8.1 4.3 4.8 1.9 100.0 Alaska 86 10.5 47.7 5.8 9.3 11.6 7.0 3.5 3.5 1.2 100.0 Arizona 86 2.3 8.1 17.4 11.6 24.4 7.0 2.3 16.3 10.5 95.3 Arkansas 51 0 5.9 5.9 11.8 13.7 13.7 11.8 35.3 2.0 96.1 California 181 0.6 0 0.6 1.7 3.9 8.3 6.6 49.7 28.7 98.9 Colorado 115 2.6 13.9 13.0 14.8 13.9 10.4 3.5 18.3 9.6 100.0 Connecticut 195 1.0 8.7 6.7 12.8 13.3 23.1 6.2 26.7 1.5 92.8 Delaware 21 0 0 0 19.0 38.1 19.0 4.8 14.3 4.8 100.0 District of Columbia 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 100.0 Florida 80 0 3.8 0 2.5 6.3 11.3 11.3 37.5 27.5 96.3 Georgia 59 0 0 0 0 5.1 16.9 11.9 54.2 11.9 100.0 Hawaii 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 100.0 Idaho 104 2.9 29.8 19.2 14.4 14.4 6.7 1.0 10.6 1.0 98.1 Illinois 634 1.7 19.7 16.1 14.5 12.0 8.0 5.7 18.5 3.8 95.4 Indiana 238 0.8 6.7 12.6 16.0 14.3 15.1 8.4 21.4 4.6 100.0 Iowa 539 6.3 45.1 20.6 13.0 7.1 3.5 1.3 2.6 0.6 96.5 Kansas 327 17.7 36.4 18.3 10.4 8.0 3.1 2.1 2.8 1.2 98.8 Kentucky 116 0 1.7 0.9 14.7 32.8 24.1 6.9 15.5 3.4 100.0 Louisiana 68 0 1.5 1.5 4.4 14.7 23.5 10.3 32.4 11.8 100.0 Maine 272 19.1 36.8 13.6 11.4 9.2 6.6 1.5 1.8 0 95.2 Maryland 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 12.5 45.8 41.7 100.0 Massachusetts 370 2.4 11.1 9.2 9.5 18.9 19.5 8.4 20.0 1.1 98.1 Michigan 384 0.3 10.7 12.5 20.3 16.1 14.1 6.5 14.8 4.7 97.7 Minnesota 138 2.2 13.8 18.1 19.6 13.8 6.5 9.4 10.9 5.8 100.0 Mississippi 50 0 0 6.0 14.0 18.0 22.0 18.0 22.0 0 100.0 Missouri 152 3.3 15.1 13.8 21.1 18.4 10.5 4.6 8.6 4.6 100.0 Montana 80 1.3 27.5 27.5 17.5 17.5 0 1.3 7.5 0 100.0 Nebraska 270 25.6 41.9 14.1 5.9 5.9 2.6 1.5 1.9 0.7 82.2 Nevada 22 0 0 22.7 4.5 13.6 13.6 4.5 27.3 13.6 100.0 New Hampshire 231 9.1 28.6 17.7 17.7 12.1 5.6 3.9 5.2 0 96.5 See notes at end of table. 120 Table 24. Percentage distribution of public libraries, by total operating expenditures and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued Total operating expenditures Less $10,000 $50,000 $100,000 $200,000 $400,000 $700,000 $1,000,000 $5,000,000 Number than to to to to to to to or of public $10,000 $49,999 $99,999 $199,999 $399,999 $699,999 $999,999 $4,999,999 more Response State libraries Percentage distribution rate1 New Jersey 303 0 2.0 5.3 8.9 15.2 14.5 16.2 33.0 5.0 92.4 New Mexico 91 6.6 18.7 23.1 17.6 14.3 8.8 2.2 7.7 1.1 100.0 New York 755 0.5 20.8 16.7 14.8 11.8 9.0 4.6 18.3 3.4 100.0 North Carolina 77 0 0 0 1.3 5.2 13.0 18.2 54.5 7.8 100.0 North Dakota 81 19.8 45.7 12.3 8.6 4.9 3.7 0 4.9 0 100.0 Ohio 251 0 0 2.0 7.2 15.1 19.1 15.1 30.7 10.8 100.0 Oklahoma 115 0.9 28.7 25.2 18.3 11.3 4.3 2.6 6.1 2.6 100.0 Oregon 126 0.8 17.5 15.9 7.9 15.9 15.1 8.7 13.5 4.8 99.2 Pennsylvania 457 0.2 8.5 17.9 24.1 20.6 11.8 4.8 10.3 1.8 99.6 Rhode Island 48 0 0 10.4 12.5 20.8 20.8 2.1 31.3 2.1 97.9 South Carolina 42 0 0 0 4.8 11.9 16.7 16.7 38.1 11.9 100.0 South Dakota 114 14.9 42.1 17.5 9.6 6.1 5.3 2.6 0.9 0.9 92.1 Tennessee 187 3.7 27.8 18.2 19.3 12.8 8.0 2.1 5.9 2.1 100.0 Texas 561 1.8 19.1 18.4 21.7 15.2 7.7 3.9 9.6 2.7 100.0 Utah 69 0 15.9 10.1 30.4 5.8 14.5 7.2 10.1 5.8 98.6 Vermont 183 14.2 38.8 21.3 12.0 7.1 4.4 1.6 0.5 0 92.3 Virginia 91 0 2.2 1.1 7.7 12.1 14.3 12.1 34.1 16.5 100.0 Washington 64 4.7 15.6 3.1 7.8 6.3 12.5 7.8 20.3 21.9 100.0 West Virginia 97 0 25.8 24.7 20.6 12.4 8.2 0 7.2 1.0 100.0 Wisconsin 381 0 14.2 19.7 23.6 13.6 11.3 8.1 8.4 1.0 100.0 Wyoming 23 0 0 0 4.3 30.4 13.0 13.0 39.1 0 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 — — — — — — — — — 0 Puerto Rico 35 0 8.6 20.0 17.1 11.4 2.9 0 0 0 60.0 — Not available. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 1Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported total operating expenditures, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Missing data were not imputed for the outlying areas. 121 (Page is intentionally blank.) 122 Table 24A. and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 Total operating expenditures Less $10,000 $50,000 $100,000 $200,000 $400,000 $700,000 $1,000,000 $5,000,000 Number than to to to to to to to or Population of of public $10,000 $49,999 $99,999 $199,999 $399,999 $699,999 $999,999 $4,999,999 more legal service area libraries Percentage distribution Total 9,221 4.1 19.5 14.1 14.4 13.1 10.1 5.7 14.8 4.1 1,000,000 or more 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 500,000 to 999,999 57 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 250,000 to 499,999 106 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13.2 86.8 100,000 to 249,999 337 0 0 0 0 0.6 0.3 1.5 59.9 37.7 50,000 to 99,999 557 0 0 0.4 0.5 2.3 6.5 9.9 71.1 9.3 25,000 to 49,999 967 0 0.4 0.8 2.2 8.9 18.5 17.7 49.3 2.2 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 0.2 0.9 2.8 13.5 26.3 28.3 13.9 14.1 0 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 0.4 6.1 14.2 31.2 31.7 11.5 3.3 1.6 0 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 1.2 19.8 32.1 33.8 10.4 2.4 0.1 0.1 0 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 4.0 52.3 33.0 8.5 1.3 0.9 0 0.1 0 Less than 1,000 997 29.4 60.2 8.3 1.4 0.5 0.1 0 0.1 0 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. The response rate is included in Table 24. Missing data were not imputed for the outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table 24A. Percentage distribution of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by total operating expenditures 123 Table 25. Percentage distribution of public libraries, by total per capita operating expenditures and state: Fiscal year 2008 Total per capita1 operating expenditures $0 $1 $3 $5 $7 $9 $12 $15 $20 $30 Number to to to to to to to to to or of public $.99 $2.99 $4.99 $6.99 $8.99 $11.99 $14.99 $19.99 $29.99 more Response State libraries Percentage distribution rate2 Total 9,221 0.3 1.1 1.2 2.0 2.9 5.3 6.0 11.8 21.2 48.3 97.7 Alabama 210 0.5 5.2 4.8 9.0 6.7 9.5 8.6 12.4 15.7 27.6 100.0 Alaska 86 0 0 0 0 1.2 1.2 2.3 0 9.3 86.0 100.0 Arizona 86 0 0 2.3 1.2 1.2 4.7 8.1 10.5 26.7 45.3 95.3 Arkansas 51 0 0 5.9 3.9 3.9 11.8 23.5 23.5 13.7 13.7 96.1 California 181 0 0 0.6 1.1 0.6 3.9 6.1 8.8 24.9 54.1 98.9 Colorado 115 0 0.9 0.9 0.9 2.6 1.7 5.2 2.6 16.5 68.7 100.0 Connecticut 195 0.5 5.1 2.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.1 8.7 77.4 92.8 Delaware 21 0 0 0 0 0 4.8 4.8 19.0 19.0 52.4 100.0 District of Columbia 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 100.0 Florida 80 0 0 0 0 3.8 7.5 6.3 22.5 18.8 41.3 96.3 Georgia 59 0 0 0 1.7 0 11.9 8.5 45.8 22.0 10.2 100.0 Hawaii 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 0 100.0 Idaho 104 0 0 0 0 1.0 3.8 4.8 12.5 41.3 36.5 98.1 Illinois 634 0.2 0 0.3 0.3 1.6 2.1 3.2 9.8 23.0 59.6 95.4 Indiana 238 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.8 1.7 2.5 11.8 82.8 100.0 Iowa 539 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.9 2.6 7.2 6.1 14.1 30.1 37.7 96.5 Kansas 327 0.3 0.3 0 0.3 0.3 2.1 2.8 9.2 27.5 57.2 98.8 Kentucky 116 0 0.9 0.9 2.6 1.7 5.2 9.5 23.3 31.9 24.1 100.0 Louisiana 68 0 0 0 1.5 0 2.9 4.4 13.2 29.4 48.5 100.0 Maine 272 2.9 7.0 5.9 5.1 5.1 8.8 6.3 10.7 14.7 33.5 95.2 Maryland 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20.8 79.2 100.0 Massachusetts 370 0 0 0 0.8 0.5 1.6 2.2 6.8 22.7 65.4 98.1 Michigan 384 0 0 0.5 1.6 2.9 4.9 5.2 15.9 22.9 46.1 97.7 Minnesota 138 0 0 0 0.7 0 3.6 1.4 5.1 27.5 61.6 100.0 Mississippi 50 0 0 0 6.0 4.0 22.0 32.0 26.0 8.0 2.0 100.0 Missouri 152 0 0 0.7 1.3 5.9 7.9 12.5 15.1 29.6 27.0 100.0 Montana 80 0 1.3 0 0 1.3 5.0 5.0 21.3 45.0 21.3 100.0 Nebraska 270 1.5 0.7 1.1 1.9 0.4 2.2 2.6 15.2 16.3 58.1 82.2 Nevada 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 4.5 13.6 27.3 54.5 100.0 New Hampshire 231 3.5 1.7 1.3 3.0 3.0 2.6 5.2 5.6 20.8 53.2 96.5 See notes at end of table. 124 Table 25. Percentage distribution of public libraries, by total per capita operating expenditures and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued Total per capita1 operating expenditures $0 $1 $3 $5 $7 $9 $12 $15 $20 $30 Number to to to to to to to to to or of public $.99 $2.99 $4.99 $6.99 $8.99 $11.99 $14.99 $19.99 $29.99 more Response State libraries Percentage distribution rate2 New Jersey 303 0 0 0.3 0.3 0.7 1.3 2.0 3.6 7.6 84.2 92.4 New Mexico 91 0 0 0 1.1 4.4 2.2 5.5 9.9 22.0 54.9 100.0 New York 755 0 0.4 0.3 0.1 1.3 3.2 5.3 9.8 18.3 61.3 100.0 North Carolina 77 0 0 0 0 2.6 5.2 27.3 20.8 27.3 16.9 100.0 North Dakota 81 1.2 1.2 6.2 3.7 4.9 11.1 9.9 18.5 24.7 18.5 100.0 Ohio 251 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.6 7.2 90.0 100.0 Oklahoma 115 0 0.9 0 0.9 2.6 1.7 7.8 23.5 29.6 33.0 100.0 Oregon 126 0 0 0 0 1.6 2.4 2.4 10.3 22.2 61.1 99.2 Pennsylvania 457 0 0.2 0.9 2.2 5.3 14.4 13.6 19.3 24.1 20.1 99.6 Rhode Island 48 0 6.3 0 2.1 0 0 2.1 8.3 14.6 66.7 97.9 South Carolina 42 0 0 0 0 2.4 14.3 14.3 28.6 28.6 11.9 100.0 South Dakota 114 0 1.8 0.9 4.4 1.8 4.4 6.1 14.9 19.3 46.5 92.1 Tennessee 187 0.5 9.1 11.2 11.8 15.5 17.1 7.5 11.8 8.0 7.5 100.0 Texas 561 0.5 1.6 2.7 6.2 7.8 10.2 12.5 20.5 20.0 18.0 100.0 Utah 69 0 1.4 0 1.4 1.4 7.2 7.2 14.5 29.0 37.7 98.6 Vermont 183 0.5 3.8 2.7 3.3 3.8 5.5 4.9 10.4 21.3 43.7 92.3 Virginia 91 0 0 1.1 0 0 4.4 7.7 19.8 24.2 42.9 100.0 Washington 64 0 0 0 0 1.6 6.3 1.6 10.9 9.4 70.3 100.0 West Virginia 97 0 0 1.0 16.5 22.7 24.7 7.2 11.3 9.3 7.2 100.0 Wisconsin 381 0 0 0 0 0.3 1.0 2.4 6.8 32.3 57.2 100.0 Wyoming 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17.4 82.6 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 — — — — — — — — — — 0 Puerto Rico 35 11.4 14.3 11.4 5.7 5.7 8.6 0 0 2.9 0 60.0 — Not available. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 1Per capita is based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. 2Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported the item, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Missing data were not imputed for the outlying areas. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. 125 (Page is intentionally blank.) 126 Table 25A. and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 Total per capita1 operating expenditures $0 $1 $3 $5 $7 $9 $12 $15 $20 $30 Number to to to to to to to to to or Population of of public $.99 $2.99 $4.99 $6.99 $8.99 $11.99 $14.99 $19.99 $29.99 more legal service area libraries Percentage distribution Total 9,221 0.3 1.1 1.2 2.0 2.9 5.3 6.0 11.8 21.2 48.3 1,000,000 or more 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.7 14.8 22.2 59.3 500,000 to 999,999 57 0 0 0 0 0 1.8 1.8 3.5 24.6 68.4 250,000 to 499,999 106 0 0 0 0 0 5.7 1.9 18.9 23.6 50.0 100,000 to 249,999 337 0 0.3 0.3 0.6 1.2 3.0 9.5 16.9 24.9 43.3 50,000 to 99,999 557 0 0.9 1.4 2.2 2.3 5.6 7.7 13.3 20.8 45.8 25,000 to 49,999 967 0.1 1.0 1.1 2.5 3.2 5.0 5.6 10.8 20.1 50.7 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 0.3 0.8 0.8 2.4 3.3 6.2 5.8 10.5 17.8 52.0 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 0.3 1.3 1.9 2.0 3.3 5.9 6.4 11.6 20.5 46.8 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 0.4 1.0 1.1 2.8 3.7 5.0 6.6 12.2 24.4 43.0 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 0.4 1.1 1.4 1.1 2.4 5.0 5.6 12.0 25.3 45.6 Less than 1,000 997 0.8 1.6 0.9 2.0 2.1 4.8 4.3 12.2 16.8 54.5 NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. The response rate is included in Table 25. Missing data were not imputed for the outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table 25A. Percentage distribution of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by total per capita operating expenditures 1Per capita is based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. 127 Number of public Total Federal1 State Local Other2 Federal State Local Other Response State libraries (In thousands) Percentage distribution rate3 Total 9,221 $1,376,806 $21,569 $91,425 $914,662 $349,149 1.6 6.6 66.4 25.4 98.0 Alabama 210 13,755 257 4,602 7,299 1,597 1.9 33.5 53.1 11.6 100.0 Alaska 86 2,387 115 524 1,152 595 4.8 22.0 48.3 24.9 100.0 Arizona 86 100,442 28 115 54,184 46,115 # 0.1 53.9 45.9 93.0 Arkansas 51 7,570 0 278 6,869 424 0 3.7 90.7 5.6 96.1 California 181 182,282 496 16,390 122,394 43,002 0.3 9.0 67.1 23.6 98.3 Colorado 115 93,438 400 228 42,273 50,537 0.4 0.2 45.2 54.1 100.0 Connecticut 195 14,667 0 1,570 5,597 7,500 0 10.7 38.2 51.1 92.8 Delaware 21 12,852 0 4,317 6,692 1,843 0 33.6 52.1 14.3 100.0 District of Columbia 1 43,402 9,000 0 34,402 0 20.7 0 79.3 0 100.0 Florida 80 91,605 402 3,254 83,025 4,923 0.4 3.6 90.6 5.4 96.3 Georgia 59 17,704 0 1,640 14,823 1,240 0 9.3 83.7 7.0 100.0 Hawaii 1 16,425 0 16,425 0 0 0 100.0 0 0 100.0 Idaho 104 3,661 9 7 3,274 372 0.2 0.2 89.4 10.2 98.1 Illinois 634 113,853 195 1,831 97,263 14,564 0.2 1.6 85.4 12.8 98.9 Indiana 238 47,110 10 1,875 44,559 666 # 4.0 94.6 1.4 100.0 Iowa 539 37,802 0 1,938 24,296 11,568 0 5.1 64.3 30.6 97.2 Kansas 327 4,673 0 0 2,210 2,463 0 0 47.3 52.7 98.8 Kentucky 116 20,167 17 2,680 11,140 6,330 0.1 13.3 55.2 31.4 100.0 Louisiana 68 6,595 152 0 2,693 3,750 2.3 0 40.8 56.9 100.0 Maine 272 7,367 100 20 3,753 3,495 1.4 0.3 50.9 47.4 95.2 Maryland 24 19,454 0 1,249 18,108 96 0 6.4 93.1 0.5 100.0 Massachusetts 370 31,071 77 8,905 15,682 6,407 0.2 28.7 50.5 20.6 98.1 Michigan 384 29,632 2,601 94 15,255 11,681 8.8 0.3 51.5 39.4 98.7 Minnesota 138 15,180 0 2 14,720 459 0 # 97.0 3.0 100.0 Mississippi 50 7,260 99 1,220 5,441 500 1.4 16.8 74.9 6.9 100.0 Missouri 152 16,103 288 0 11,055 4,761 1.8 0 68.6 29.6 99.3 Montana 80 1,476 0 0 311 1,166 0 0 21.0 79.0 100.0 Nebraska 270 6,950 90 6 6,640 213 1.3 0.1 95.5 3.1 82.2 Nevada 22 4,321 248 110 3,907 56 5.7 2.5 90.4 1.3 100.0 New Hampshire 231 3,481 0 # 2,785 696 0 # 80.0 20.0 97.0 See notes at end of table. Table 26. Total capital revenue of public libraries and percentage distribution of revenue, by source of revenue and state: Fiscal year 2008 Total capital revenue 128 Number of public Total Federal1 State Local Other2 Federal State Local Other Response State libraries (In thousands) Percentage distribution rate3 New Jersey 303 $22,931 $161 $551 $21,124 $1,095 0.7 2.4 92.1 4.8 92.7 New Mexico 91 4,320 0 1,715 2,225 380 0 39.7 51.5 8.8 100.0 New York 755 113,071 431 9,157 51,227 52,257 0.4 8.1 45.3 46.2 100.0 North Carolina 77 9,234 276 8 8,136 814 3.0 0.1 88.1 8.8 100.0 North Dakota 81 631 0 8 466 156 0 1.3 73.9 24.8 97.5 Ohio 251 7,849 980 13 120 6,735 12.5 0.2 1.5 85.8 100.0 Oklahoma 115 9,350 14 74 829 8,433 0.2 0.8 8.9 90.2 100.0 Oregon 126 13,089 613 0 10,290 2,186 4.7 0 78.6 16.7 100.0 Pennsylvania 457 28,841 473 7,147 5,702 15,519 1.6 24.8 19.8 53.8 99.3 Rhode Island 48 8,699 412 655 5,606 2,025 4.7 7.5 64.4 23.3 97.9 South Carolina 42 8,958 70 1,373 6,408 1,107 0.8 15.3 71.5 12.4 100.0 South Dakota 114 12,368 0 19 12,203 146 0 0.2 98.7 1.2 92.1 Tennessee 187 4,518 16 31 2,830 1,643 0.3 0.7 62.6 36.4 100.0 Texas 561 77,582 3,321 711 56,284 17,266 4.3 0.9 72.5 22.3 100.0 Utah 69 7,711 73 71 6,315 1,251 0.9 0.9 81.9 16.2 98.6 Vermont 183 800 0 0 258 542 0 0 32.3 67.7 94.0 Virginia 91 38,234 71 37 37,805 321 0.2 0.1 98.9 0.8 98.9 Washington 64 7,347 0 0 4,572 2,775 0 0 62.2 37.8 100.0 West Virginia 97 5,554 0 415 3,494 1,645 0 7.5 62.9 29.6 100.0 Wisconsin 381 15,829 74 158 10,950 4,647 0.5 1.0 69.2 29.4 100.0 Wyoming 23 7,203 0 0 6,015 1,189 0 0 83.5 16.5 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 — 138 — — — — — — — 0 Puerto Rico 35 336 171 104 171 72 32.9 20.0 33.1 13.9 65.7 — Not available. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. 3Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported the item, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Missing data were not imputed for the outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table 26. Total capital revenue of public libraries and percentage distribution of revenue, by source of revenue and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued Total capital revenue # Rounds to zero. 1This includes federal funds, such as Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA) funds, that are distributed to public libraries through state library agencies. Other federal funds that are used by state library agencies or library cooperatives to provide services that benefit local public libraries are not included in the table because they are not received as income by public libraries. 2This includes monetary gifts and donations received in the current year, interest, library fines, fees for library services, or grants. 129 (Page is intentionally blank.) 130 source of revenue and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 Number Population of of public Total Federal1 State Local Other2 Federal State Local Other legal service area libraries (In thousands) Percentage distribution Total 9,221 $1,376,806 $21,569 $91,425 $914,662 $349,149 1.6 6.6 66.4 25.4 1,000,000 or more 27 109,155 3,321 22,994 81,593 1,247 3.0 21.1 74.7 1.1 500,000 to 999,999 57 232,355 9,733 8,598 166,042 47,982 4.2 3.7 71.5 20.7 250,000 to 499,999 106 150,891 360 7,513 86,632 56,386 0.2 5.0 57.4 37.4 100,000 to 249,999 337 218,501 663 7,242 127,910 82,685 0.3 3.3 58.5 37.8 50,000 to 99,999 557 173,351 1,495 8,854 139,278 23,723 0.9 5.1 80.3 13.7 25,000 to 49,999 967 180,718 393 9,873 132,050 38,402 0.2 5.5 73.1 21.2 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 191,511 3,579 16,139 119,573 52,221 1.9 8.4 62.4 27.3 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 76,960 515 6,279 42,859 27,307 0.7 8.2 55.7 35.5 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 21,116 1,234 1,505 8,974 9,404 5.8 7.1 42.5 44.5 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 18,280 214 1,710 8,482 7,874 1.2 9.4 46.4 43.1 Less than 1,000 997 3,967 62 719 1,268 1,917 1.6 18.1 32.0 48.3 2This includes monetary gifts and donations received in the current year, interest, library fines, fees for library services, or grants. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. The response rate is included in Table 26. Missing data were not imputed for the outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table 26A. Total capital revenue of public libraries and percentage distribution of revenue in the 50 states and the District of Columbia, by Total capital revenue 1This includes federal funds, such as Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA) funds, that are distributed to public libraries through state library agencies. Other federal funds that are used by state library agencies or library cooperatives to provide services that benefit local public libraries are not included in the table because they are not received as income by public libraries. 131 Table 27. Total capital revenue of public libraries and percentage distribution of public libraries by total capital revenue category Table 27. and state: Fiscal year 2008 Total capital revenue $.01 $5,000 $10,000 $50,000 $100,000 Number Total capital to to to to or of public revenue Response $0 $4,999 $9,999 $49,999 $99,999 more State libraries (in thousands) rate1 Percentage distribution Total 9,221 $1,376,806 98.0 66.3 6.4 3.7 9.9 3.9 9.8 Alabama 210 13,755 100.0 55.2 9.0 4.3 11.4 7.6 12.4 Alaska 86 2,387 100.0 89.5 0 2.3 5.8 0 2.3 Arizona 86 100,442 93.0 65.1 1.2 7.0 7.0 4.7 15.1 Arkansas 51 7,570 96.1 66.7 5.9 0 7.8 5.9 13.7 California 181 182,282 98.3 44.8 1.1 1.1 11.6 6.1 35.4 Colorado 115 93,438 100.0 68.7 2.6 0.9 6.1 4.3 17.4 Connecticut 195 14,667 92.8 74.4 4.1 3.1 6.2 4.6 7.7 Delaware 21 12,852 100.0 66.7 0 0 9.5 4.8 19.0 District of Columbia 1 43,402 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Florida 80 91,605 96.3 51.3 2.5 3.8 3.8 1.3 37.5 Georgia 59 17,704 100.0 54.2 0 0 10.2 5.1 30.5 Hawaii 1 16,425 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Idaho 104 3,661 98.1 65.4 10.6 4.8 7.7 2.9 8.7 Illinois 634 113,853 98.9 73.0 4.6 1.6 7.9 3.2 9.8 Indiana 238 47,110 100.0 43.3 3.8 4.2 16.8 5.5 26.5 Iowa 539 37,802 97.2 72.7 3.3 4.3 12.2 3.0 4.5 Kansas 327 4,673 98.8 56.9 15.3 8.9 11.0 4.0 4.0 Kentucky 116 20,167 100.0 81.9 0 0.9 2.6 3.4 11.2 Louisiana 68 6,595 100.0 77.9 1.5 0 2.9 2.9 14.7 Maine 272 7,367 95.2 69.9 8.5 4.0 8.1 3.3 6.3 Maryland 24 19,454 100.0 29.2 0 0 8.3 12.5 50.0 Massachusetts 370 31,071 98.1 46.5 8.1 5.7 23.0 6.5 10.3 Michigan 384 29,632 98.7 72.4 8.3 3.1 6.0 3.6 6.5 Minnesota 138 15,180 100.0 70.3 8.7 1.4 8.0 5.1 6.5 Mississippi 50 7,260 100.0 54.0 4.0 8.0 16.0 4.0 14.0 Missouri 152 16,103 99.3 74.3 3.9 3.9 5.3 3.3 9.2 Montana 80 1,476 100.0 87.5 5.0 0 3.8 0 3.8 Nebraska 270 6,950 82.2 75.2 8.9 3.3 9.6 2.2 0.7 Nevada 22 4,321 100.0 68.2 4.5 4.5 9.1 4.5 9.1 New Hampshire 231 3,481 97.0 71.0 6.9 5.6 10.4 3.9 2.2 See notes at end of table. 132 Table 27. Total capital revenue of public libraries and percentage distribution of public libraries by total capital revenue category Table 27. and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued Total capital revenue $.01 $5,000 $10,000 $50,000 $100,000 Number Total capital to to to to or of public revenue Response $0 $4,999 $9,999 $49,999 $99,999 more State libraries (in thousands) rate1 Percentage distribution New Jersey 303 $22,931 92.7 72.3 1.7 1.0 6.3 5.9 12.9 New Mexico 91 4,320 100.0 50.5 8.8 6.6 11.0 11.0 12.1 New York 755 113,071 100.0 62.3 7.5 3.2 9.3 4.0 13.8 North Carolina 77 9,234 100.0 50.6 1.3 2.6 24.7 7.8 13.0 North Dakota 81 631 97.5 77.8 7.4 2.5 7.4 2.5 2.5 Ohio 251 7,849 100.0 51.8 14.7 6.4 16.7 2.8 7.6 Oklahoma 115 9,350 100.0 56.5 11.3 6.1 13.0 3.5 9.6 Oregon 126 13,089 100.0 66.7 7.9 3.2 8.7 6.3 7.1 Pennsylvania 457 28,841 99.3 73.7 5.7 3.3 7.4 3.3 6.6 Rhode Island 48 8,699 97.9 52.1 4.2 6.3 16.7 12.5 8.3 South Carolina 42 8,958 100.0 35.7 0 0 31.0 4.8 28.6 South Dakota 114 12,368 92.1 86.0 5.3 0 5.3 1.8 1.8 Tennessee 187 4,518 100.0 81.3 4.8 1.6 4.8 1.6 5.9 Texas 561 77,582 100.0 64.5 8.9 5.5 9.1 3.4 8.6 Utah 69 7,711 98.6 65.2 4.3 2.9 13.0 2.9 11.6 Vermont 183 800 94.0 77.6 6.6 5.5 9.3 0 1.1 Virginia 91 38,234 98.9 72.5 1.1 0 5.5 3.3 17.6 Washington 64 7,347 100.0 78.1 3.1 1.6 6.3 1.6 9.4 West Virginia 97 5,554 100.0 62.9 3.1 7.2 16.5 4.1 6.2 Wisconsin 381 15,829 100.0 68.5 7.6 4.2 9.7 4.2 5.8 Wyoming 23 7,203 100.0 60.9 8.7 0 13.0 0 17.4 Outlying areas Guam 1 — 0 — — — — — — Puerto Rico 35 336 65.7 31.4 2.9 2.9 20.0 8.6 0 — Not available. 1Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported total capital expenditures, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Missing data were not imputed for the outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. 133 (Page is intentionally blank.) 134 Table 27A. of public libraries, by total capital revenue category and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 $.01 $5,000 $10,000 $50,000 $100,000 Number Total capital to to to to or Population of of public revenue $0 $4,999 $9,999 $49,999 $99,999 more legal service area libraries (in thousands) Percentage distribution Total 9,221 $1,376,806 66.3 6.4 3.7 9.9 3.9 9.8 1,000,000 or more 27 109,155 44.4 0 0 0 0 55.6 500,000 to 999,999 57 232,355 26.3 1.8 0 0 7.0 64.9 250,000 to 499,999 106 150,891 47.2 0.9 0 4.7 4.7 42.5 100,000 to 249,999 337 218,501 43.6 1.5 1.8 10.1 5.9 37.1 50,000 to 99,999 557 173,351 53.0 1.1 3.1 10.2 8.4 24.2 25,000 to 49,999 967 180,718 59.9 3.7 2.8 12.8 6.0 14.8 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 191,511 62.6 5.3 4.0 12.0 5.2 11.0 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 76,960 64.5 7.1 4.9 11.9 3.9 7.7 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 21,116 73.0 8.0 3.7 9.2 2.4 3.7 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 18,280 74.7 8.8 3.6 7.9 2.5 2.4 Less than 1,000 997 3,967 79.7 9.4 3.7 5.6 0.7 0.8 Table 27A. Total capital revenue of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia and percentage distribution NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. The response rate is included in Table 27. Missing data were not imputed for the outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Total capital revenue 135 Total capital expenditures $.01 $5,000 $10,000 $50,000 $100,000 Number Total capital to to to to or of public expenditures Response $0 $4,999 $9,999 $49,999 $99,999 more State libraries (in thousands) rate1 Percentage distribution Total 9,221 $1,254,081 98.0 55.6 10.6 5.4 13.1 4.7 10.7 Alabama 210 7,577 100.0 53.3 11.4 6.7 15.2 6.2 7.1 Alaska 86 2,307 100.0 87.2 2.3 2.3 3.5 2.3 2.3 Arizona 86 49,828 94.2 54.7 10.5 3.5 14.0 1.2 16.3 Arkansas 51 6,655 92.2 54.9 3.9 5.9 15.7 7.8 11.8 California 181 118,098 98.3 42.5 3.3 1.1 12.2 8.3 32.6 Colorado 115 70,891 100.0 49.6 8.7 5.2 9.6 7.8 19.1 Connecticut 195 24,692 92.8 62.6 6.7 4.1 12.3 3.6 10.8 Delaware 21 7,840 100.0 23.8 14.3 0 28.6 9.5 23.8 District of Columbia 1 14,334 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Florida 80 76,334 96.3 43.8 3.8 1.3 10.0 2.5 38.8 Georgia 59 24,468 100.0 47.5 0 3.4 11.9 6.8 30.5 Hawaii 1 438 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Idaho 104 10,483 98.1 43.3 25.0 12.5 8.7 2.9 7.7 Illinois 634 75,846 98.9 58.4 6.0 3.3 12.9 6.5 12.9 Indiana 238 36,888 100.0 39.9 4.6 5.9 18.9 9.2 21.4 Iowa 539 29,018 97.6 78.3 8.5 3.9 4.8 1.3 3.2 Kansas 327 2,192 97.2 69.7 13.5 5.2 8.6 1.8 1.2 Kentucky 116 37,057 100.0 51.7 2.6 5.2 7.8 8.6 24.1 Louisiana 68 19,372 100.0 44.1 2.9 1.5 13.2 5.9 32.4 Maine 272 4,716 95.2 64.7 12.5 7.4 8.8 2.2 4.4 Maryland 24 23,615 100.0 33.3 0 0 12.5 4.2 50.0 Massachusetts 370 29,068 98.1 44.9 13.8 8.1 20.3 6.2 6.8 Michigan 384 53,656 99.0 22.1 18.0 9.4 25.3 7.8 17.4 Minnesota 138 13,160 100.0 62.3 10.9 3.6 10.9 5.1 7.2 Mississippi 50 7,305 100.0 54.0 4.0 4.0 18.0 6.0 14.0 Missouri 152 30,298 100.0 59.2 5.9 2.6 13.2 5.9 13.2 Montana 80 2,169 100.0 52.5 25.0 6.3 8.8 1.3 6.3 Nebraska 270 4,818 82.2 55.6 26.3 4.4 11.5 1.9 0.4 Nevada 22 4,508 100.0 50.0 13.6 4.5 9.1 9.1 13.6 New Hampshire 231 1,683 96.1 74.9 9.5 6.1 5.6 3.0 0.9 See notes at end of table. Table 28. Total capital expenditures of public libraries and percentage distribution of public libraries by total capital expenditures category and state: Fiscal year 2008 136 Table 28. —Continued $.01 $5,000 $10,000 $50,000 $100,000 Number Total capital to to to to or of public expenditures Response $0 $4,999 $9,999 $49,999 $99,999 more State libraries (in thousands) rate1 Percentage distribution New Jersey 303 $18,590 92.7 55.1 6.3 6.3 18.2 5.6 8.6 New Mexico 91 4,679 100.0 51.6 11.0 5.5 13.2 9.9 8.8 New York 755 135,222 100.0 34.7 16.0 7.4 20.4 4.8 16.7 North Carolina 77 8,550 100.0 51.9 1.3 2.6 22.1 10.4 11.7 North Dakota 81 6,225 100.0 75.3 8.6 4.9 7.4 2.5 1.2 Ohio 251 49,093 100.0 44.6 5.6 3.6 17.1 8.0 21.1 Oklahoma 115 5,945 100.0 61.7 13.0 7.0 9.6 4.3 4.3 Oregon 126 18,651 100.0 57.9 8.7 7.9 11.9 5.6 7.9 Pennsylvania 457 29,919 99.6 68.5 6.3 3.1 10.3 4.6 7.2 Rhode Island 48 10,450 97.9 45.8 4.2 4.2 25.0 16.7 4.2 South Carolina 42 6,588 100.0 38.1 2.4 2.4 16.7 11.9 28.6 South Dakota 114 7,646 92.1 43.0 28.9 8.8 14.0 0.9 4.4 Tennessee 187 3,275 100.0 80.7 5.9 2.1 4.8 2.7 3.7 Texas 561 58,509 100.0 67.4 8.7 5.0 9.4 2.5 7.0 Utah 69 4,189 98.6 62.3 5.8 5.8 13.0 1.4 11.6 Vermont 183 643 94.0 65.6 15.8 11.5 6.0 0 1.1 Virginia 91 27,755 100.0 63.7 1.1 1.1 9.9 5.5 18.7 Washington 64 43,027 100.0 48.4 7.8 6.3 9.4 3.1 25.0 West Virginia 97 3,992 100.0 15.5 33.0 12.4 27.8 4.1 7.2 Wisconsin 381 17,363 100.0 62.5 10.2 5.5 11.5 3.4 6.8 Wyoming 23 4,456 100.0 34.8 17.4 0 21.7 13.0 13.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 138 100.0 0 0 0 0 0 100.0 Puerto Rico 35 1,162 62.9 42.9 2.9 0 11.4 2.9 2.9 SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table 28. Total capital expenditures of public libraries and percentage distribution of public libraries by total capital expenditures category and state: Fiscal year 2008 1Response rate is calculated as the number of libraries that reported total capital expenditures, divided by the total number of libraries in the survey frame. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. Missing data were not imputed for the outlying areas. NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Missing data were not imputed for nonresponding outlying areas. 137 (Page is intentionally blank.) 138 Table 28A. distribution of public libraries by total capital expenditures and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 Total capital expenditures $.01 $5,000 $10,000 $50,000 $100,000 Number Total capital to to to to or Population of of public expenditures $0 $4,999 $9,999 $49,999 $99,999 more legal service area libraries (in thousands) Percentage distribution Total 9,221 $1,254,081 55.6 10.6 5.4 13.1 4.7 10.7 1,000,000 or more 27 134,051 22.2 0 0 3.7 0 74.1 500,000 to 999,999 57 172,512 14.0 0 0 3.5 3.5 78.9 250,000 to 499,999 106 121,168 30.2 0 0 6.6 3.8 59.4 100,000 to 249,999 337 176,775 34.4 1.2 2.1 12.2 6.8 43.3 50,000 to 99,999 557 179,563 38.6 2.0 2.9 15.3 11.7 29.6 25,000 to 49,999 967 173,929 46.7 3.8 2.7 19.3 10.2 17.2 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 180,156 49.4 7.0 6.5 19.0 6.5 11.6 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 72,233 53.9 11.9 7.9 15.7 4.3 6.3 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 23,647 63.3 14.0 6.0 11.4 2.1 3.1 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 16,539 68.2 15.2 6.1 6.9 1.7 2.0 Less than 1,000 997 3,508 70.0 19.6 3.9 5.0 0.7 0.8 Table 28A. Total capital expenditures of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia and percentage NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. For item(s) with response rates below 100 percent, data for nonrespondents were imputed and are included in the table. The response rate is included in Table 28. Missing data were not imputed for the outlying areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 139 State Total1 Response rate2 Total (in thousands) Average square footage3 Per 1,000 population4 Response rate5 Alabama 210 184 100.0 1,367 8,334 724 89.1 Alaska 86 79 100.0 250 3,160 1,327 100.0 Arizona 86 60 100.0 507 8,748 657 96.7 Arkansas 51 14 100.0 201 16,729 607 85.7 California 181 58 100.0 1,405 24,218 475 100.0 Colorado 115 77 100.0 649 8,424 933 100.0 Connecticut 195 168 100.0 1,966 12,686 1,012 92.3 Delaware 21 17 100.0 103 6,045 422 100.0 District of Columbia 1 0 100.0 † † † † Florida 80 27 100.0 393 14,569 634 100.0 Georgia 59 6 100.0 134 22,333 509 100.0 Hawaii 1 0 100.0 † † † † Idaho 104 83 100.0 445 5,421 752 98.8 Illinois 634 578 100.0 7,187 12,609 1,221 98.6 Indiana 238 160 100.0 2,091 13,149 1,530 99.4 Iowa 539 530 100.0 3,038 5,910 1,335 97.0 Kansas 327 313 100.0 1,679 5,380 1,643 99.7 Kentucky 116 23 100.0 232 10,091 419 100.0 Louisiana 68 11 100.0 54 5,383 370 90.9 Maine 272 270 100.0 1,246 4,943 1,161 93.3 Maryland 24 0 100.0 † † † † Massachusetts 370 328 100.0 4,130 12,825 1,077 98.2 Michigan 384 316 100.0 3,389 10,792 847 99.4 Minnesota 138 108 100.0 723 6,694 1,106 100.0 Mississippi 50 11 100.0 183 16,662 624 100.0 Missouri 152 103 100.0 916 8,977 1,113 99.0 Montana 80 63 100.0 369 5,858 989 100.0 Nebraska 270 261 100.0 1,117 4,754 2,229 90.0 Nevada 22 8 100.0 77 9,638 518 100.0 New Hampshire 231 226 100.0 1,029 5,278 974 86.3 See notes at end of table. Table 29. Number and square footage of single-outlet public libraries, by state: Fiscal year 2008 Number of public libraries Single-outlet public libraries Number Square footage 140 Table 29. Number and square footage of single-outlet public libraries, by state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued State Total1 Response rate2 Total (in thousands) Average square footage3 Per 1,000 population4 Response rate5 New Jersey 303 259 100.0 2,920 11,966 759 94.2 New Mexico 91 80 100.0 509 6,357 1,002 100.0 New York 755 697 100.0 6,662 9,627 939 99.3 North Carolina 77 11 100.0 238 21,655 813 100.0 North Dakota 81 65 100.0 226 3,641 951 95.4 Ohio 251 142 100.0 1,807 12,815 1,045 99.3 Oklahoma 115 106 100.0 690 6,506 1,003 100.0 Oregon 126 100 100.0 820 8,201 718 100.0 Pennsylvania 457 395 100.0 2,982 7,549 519 100.0 Rhode Island 48 39 100.0 496 12,724 796 100.0 South Carolina 42 3 100.0 37 12,225 630 100.0 South Dakota 114 98 100.0 369 4,341 1,291 86.7 Tennessee 187 158 100.0 1,050 6,646 400 100.0 Texas 561 489 100.0 4,331 8,858 586 100.0 Utah 69 43 100.0 509 12,114 739 97.7 Vermont 183 173 100.0 596 3,529 1,409 97.7 Virginia 91 29 100.0 319 12,255 719 89.7 Washington 64 40 100.0 267 8,903 886 75.0 West Virginia 97 69 100.0 394 5,790 630 98.6 Wisconsin 381 360 100.0 3,656 10,155 1,000 100.0 Wyoming 23 3 100.0 24 8,088 1,290 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 0 100.0 † † † † Puerto Rico 35 30 100.0 — — — 0 † Not applicable. Single-outlet public libraries Number of public libraries Number Square footage — Not available. 5The square footage response rate is calculated by dividing the total number of single-outlet public libraries (centrals) reporting square footage by the total number of single-outlet public libraries (centrals) on the public library outlet data file. IMLS ensures as part of edit follow-up that the number of outlets reported on the public library outlet data file equals the number reported on the public library data file. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 1This is the total number of single-outlet public libraries (centrals) on the public library outlet data file. 2The response rate is the total number of single-outlet public libraries (centrals) on the public library outlet data file divided by the number of single-outlet public libraries (centrals) on the public library data file. 3The average square footage is calculated by dividing the total square footage reported by single-outlet public libraries (centrals) by the total number of such outlets reporting the data. 4Per 1,000 population data are based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. Only single-outlet public libraries (centrals) that reported square footage are included. NOTE: Square footage is collected only from central and branch outlets (not from bookmobiles and books-by-mail-only outlets), and missing data are not imputed. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). 141 (Page is intentionally blank.) 142 Table 29A. Number and square footage of single-outlet public libraries in the 50 states and Table 29A. the District of Columbia, by population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 Total1 Total (in thousands) Average square footage2 Per 1,000 population3 1,000,000 or more 27 0 † † † 500,000 to 999,999 57 0 † † † 250,000 to 499,999 106 1 70 70,000 161 100,000 to 249,999 337 24 1,379 57,448 446 50,000 to 99,999 557 167 6,487 39,317 596 25,000 to 49,999 967 598 14,776 25,044 749 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 1,433 19,124 13,525 879 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 1,373 9,881 7,282 1,037 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 1,299 5,940 4,689 1,313 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 1,551 4,350 2,904 1,788 Less than 1,000 997 995 1,770 1,923 3,350 Square footage Population of legal service area Number of public libraries SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 2The average square footage is calculated by dividing the total square footage reported by single-outlet public libraries (centrals) by the total number of such outlets reporting the data. NOTE: Square footage is collected only from central and branch outlets (not from bookmobiles and books-by-mail-only outlets), and missing data are not imputed. The response rates are included in Table 29. 3Per 1,000 population data are based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. Only single-outlet public libraries (centrals) that reported square footage are included. 1This is the total number of single-outlet public libraries (centrals) on the public library outlet data file. † Not applicable. Single-outlet public libraries 143 Table 30. Number and square footage of multiple-outlet public libraries, by type of outlet and state: Fiscal year 2008 Total1 Response rate2 Total (in thousands) Average square footage3 Per 1,000 population4 Response rate5 Total (in thousands) Average square footage3 Per 1,000 population4 Response rate5 Alabama 210 25 100.0 752 34,199 334 88.0 409 5,675 235 91.1 Alaska 86 7 100.0 231 33,037 471 100.0 69 4,293 140 100.0 Arizona 86 26 100.0 946 45,056 202 100.0 1,123 8,915 199 100.0 Arkansas 51 35 100.0 595 19,206 301 96.9 641 3,885 288 98.2 California 181 123 100.0 6,051 56,032 256 99.1 8,094 8,529 233 99.9 Colorado 115 37 100.0 1,205 50,217 509 100.0 1,503 10,224 367 98.7 Connecticut 195 27 100.0 1,239 45,871 956 100.0 330 7,181 274 97.9 Delaware 21 4 100.0 49 24,296 362 100.0 145 10,376 294 100.0 District of Columbia 1 1 100.0 400 400,000 680 100.0 362 13,905 615 100.0 Florida 80 53 100.0 2,165 65,595 171 100.0 6,330 13,820 351 100.0 Georgia 59 53 100.0 1,679 31,681 185 100.0 2,605 8,040 297 98.8 Hawaii 1 1 100.0 105 105,000 82 100.0 556 11,129 434 100.0 Idaho 104 21 100.0 345 18,145 472 100.0 99 2,671 156 97.4 Illinois 634 56 100.0 3,204 57,209 553 100.0 1,527 9,727 296 100.0 Indiana 238 78 100.0 3,078 39,976 875 98.7 1,533 7,860 367 99.5 Iowa 539 9 100.0 409 45,429 611 100.0 115 6,741 191 85.0 Kansas 327 14 100.0 522 37,253 389 100.0 380 7,926 350 98.0 Kentucky 116 93 100.0 1,170 12,575 320 100.0 524 6,630 215 100.0 Louisiana 68 57 100.0 1,288 22,603 303 100.0 1,382 5,256 334 99.6 Maine 272 2 100.0 100 50,000 1,310 100.0 — — — 0 Maryland 24 24 100.0 699 46,579 380 100.0 2,426 14,441 433 100.0 Massachusetts 370 42 100.0 2,547 60,636 975 100.0 701 7,007 283 98.0 Michigan 384 68 100.0 2,439 38,710 459 100.0 1,596 5,743 277 100.0 Minnesota 138 27 100.0 988 49,414 333 100.0 2,032 8,795 512 99.6 Mississippi 50 39 100.0 612 17,488 310 97.2 866 4,657 332 97.9 Missouri 152 49 100.0 1,012 27,358 346 100.0 1,869 8,654 449 98.6 Montana 80 17 100.0 318 18,705 603 100.0 62 2,081 191 100.0 Nebraska 270 9 100.0 345 38,278 437 100.0 287 16,860 444 100.0 Nevada 22 14 100.0 191 17,348 280 100.0 939 14,224 362 100.0 New Hampshire 231 5 100.0 136 27,209 810 100.0 13 2,542 76 100.0 See notes at end of table. Square footage of branch outlets State Number of public libraries Number of multiple-outlet public libraries Square footage of central outlets 144 Table 30. Number and square footage of multiple-outlet public libraries, by type of outlet and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued Total1 Response rate2 Total (in thousands) Average square footage3 Per 1,000 population4 Response rate5 Total (in thousands) Average square footage3 Per 1,000 population4 Response rate5 New Jersey 303 44 100.0 1,881 42,751 427 100.0 1,157 7,819 274 98.0 New Mexico 91 11 100.0 373 33,876 356 100.0 269 9,978 259 100.0 New York 755 58 100.0 2,901 51,799 303 100.0 3,793 12,003 322 100.0 North Carolina 77 66 100.0 1,771 32,199 259 100.0 2,315 7,167 268 100.0 North Dakota 81 15 100.0 96 8,715 425 73.3 117 12,959 671 90.0 Ohio 251 109 100.0 3,973 41,384 481 97.0 3,747 7,921 400 97.7 Oklahoma 115 9 100.0 404 44,924 176 100.0 745 8,187 325 100.0 Oregon 126 24 100.0 808 35,140 398 100.0 457 5,257 218 100.0 Pennsylvania 457 57 100.0 1,454 26,439 245 96.5 1,069 6,111 158 98.9 Rhode Island 48 9 100.0 363 40,309 835 100.0 150 6,247 422 100.0 South Carolina 42 39 100.0 1,222 32,163 295 100.0 1,016 6,866 240 100.0 South Dakota 114 16 100.0 146 9,707 393 93.8 75 2,428 247 86.1 Tennessee 187 29 100.0 1,250 43,092 361 100.0 821 8,131 244 99.0 Texas 561 72 100.0 3,216 45,948 246 97.2 3,482 11,646 249 98.7 Utah 69 21 100.0 388 32,322 388 100.0 525 9,546 280 90.2 Vermont 183 7 100.0 107 15,315 1,320 100.0 1 968 143 33.3 Virginia 91 62 100.0 1,379 28,135 314 98.0 2,347 8,959 330 99.2 Washington 64 24 100.0 869 57,965 340 100.0 1,983 7,108 329 100.0 West Virginia 97 28 100.0 414 14,785 351 100.0 206 2,709 182 100.0 Wisconsin 381 21 100.0 1,139 63,278 632 100.0 546 6,825 303 100.0 Wyoming 23 20 100.0 448 22,397 889 100.0 219 4,138 435 100.0 Outlying areas Guam 1 1 100.0 42 42,000 1,616 100.0 24 4,800 924 100.0 Puerto Rico 35 5 100.0 — — — 0 † 400 — 11.1 † Not applicable. 650 States and DC totals exclude outlying areas. State Number of public libraries Number of multiple-outlet public libraries Square footage of central outlets Square footage of branch outlets — Not available. 5The square footage response rate is calculated by dividing the number of multiple-outlet libraries (centrals or branches) reporting square footage by the number of such outlets on the public library outlet data file. IMLS ensures as part of edit follow-up that the number of outlets reported on the public library outlet data file equals the number reported on the public library data file. NOTE: Square footage is collected only from central and branch outlets (not from bookmobiles and books-by-mail-only-outlets), and missing data are not imputed. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 1This is the total number of multiple-outlet public libraries on the public library outlet data file (multiple outlets consisting of bookmobiles only are excluded). 2The response rate is the number of multiple-outlet public libraries on the public library outlet data file divided by the number of multiple-outlet public libraries on the public library data file. 3The average square footage is calculated by dividing the total square footage reported by multiple-outlet public libraries (centrals or branches) by the total number of such outlets reporting the data. 4Per 1,000 population data are based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. Only multiple-outlet public libraries that reported square footage for their central outlets are included in the "Per 1,000 population" figure for centrals. Only multiple-outlet public libraries that reported square footage for all of their branch outlets are included in the "Per 1,000 population" figure for branches. 145 (Page is intentionally blank.) 146 Table 30A. Number and square footage of multiple-outlet public libraries in the 50 states and and the District of Columbia, by type of Table 30A. outlet and population of legal service area: Fiscal year 2008 Number of multiple- outlet libraries1 Total (in thousands) Average square footage2 Per 1,000 population3 Total (in thousands) Average square footage2 Per 1,000 population3 1,000,000 or more 27 27 5,506 323,858 173 15,007 13,568 320 500,000 to 999,999 57 57 8,987 230,444 320 14,115 12,693 351 250,000 to 499,999 106 104 7,127 85,861 253 11,567 10,985 322 100,000 to 249,999 337 311 14,245 52,957 341 12,791 7,502 267 50,000 to 99,999 557 389 12,632 34,799 493 5,705 5,229 232 25,000 to 49,999 967 364 6,571 19,101 536 2,665 3,544 239 10,000 to 24,999 1,763 326 3,384 11,170 667 1,263 2,442 303 5,000 to 9,999 1,497 120 751 6,765 906 337 2,279 508 2,500 to 4,999 1,340 36 134 4,332 1,180 79 2,253 813 1,000 to 2,499 1,573 21 79 4,176 2,324 30 1,301 1,052 Less than 1,000 997 2 3 1,681 2,938 1 450 1,304 3Per 1,000 population data are based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. Only multiple-outlet public libraries that reported square footage for their central outlets are included in the "Per 1,000 population" figure for centrals. Only multiple-outlet public libraries that reported square footage for all of their branch outlets are included in the "Per 1,000 population" figure for branches. NOTE: Square footage is collected only from central and branch outlets (not from bookmobiles and books-by-mail-only outlets), and missing data are not imputed. The response rates are included in Table 30. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Number of public libraries Square footage of central outlets Square footage of branch outlets Population of legal service area 1This is the total number of multiple-outlet public libraries on the public library outlet data file (multiple outlets consisting of bookmobiles only are excluded). 2The average square footage is calculated by dividing the total square footage reported by multiple-outlet public libraries (centrals or branches) by the total number of such outlets reporting the data. 147 Table 31. Number and square footage of central outlets of public libraries, by population of legal service area and state: Fiscal year 2008 Population of legal service area Less than 1,000 1,000 to 2,499 2,500 to 4,999 5,000 to 9,999 Total1 Response rate2 Total (in thous.) Average square footage3 Response rate4 Number of centrals Average square footage3 Number of centrals Average square footage3 Number of centrals Average square footage3 Number of centrals Average square footage3 Alabama 210 209 100.0 2,119 11,394 89.0 16 4,074 32 2,592 30 4,288 47 5,867 Alaska 86 86 100.0 481 5,592 100.0 51 1,457 12 3,315 9 6,369 7 8,001 Arizona 86 81 100.0 1,454 18,399 97.5 9 2,246 10 4,417 9 4,417 13 6,513 Arkansas 51 46 100.0 796 18,515 93.5 † † 2 — † † 5 3,567 California 181 167 100.0 7,456 44,916 99.4 1 1,300 3 2,310 1 6,300 3 8,693 Colorado 115 101 100.0 1,854 18,355 100.0 11 1,635 19 2,470 18 4,058 18 7,825 Connecticut 195 195 100.0 3,205 17,609 93.3 1 1,334 14 3,737 20 4,369 42 8,241 Delaware 21 19 100.0 151 7,966 100.0 † † † † † † 6 3,143 District of Columbia 1 1 100.0 400 400,000 100.0 † † † † † † † † Florida 80 60 100.0 2,558 42,633 100.0 † † 2 3,391 1 1,200 4 8,642 Georgia 59 59 100.0 1,813 30,730 100.0 † † † † † † † † Hawaii 1 1 100.0 105 105,000 100.0 † † † † † † † † Idaho 104 102 100.0 789 7,815 99.0 22 1,488 21 2,244 15 3,296 18 6,296 Illinois 634 634 100.0 10,391 16,599 98.7 49 2,175 139 3,141 116 5,054 98 9,065 Indiana 238 238 100.0 5,169 21,902 99.2 9 1,995 42 3,834 38 7,630 45 11,102 Iowa 539 539 100.0 3,447 6,590 97.0 106 1,662 231 2,712 94 6,047 55 10,258 Kansas 327 327 100.0 2,200 6,749 99.7 142 1,686 89 3,730 42 6,432 22 10,680 Kentucky 116 116 100.0 1,402 12,083 100.0 † † 1 2,120 2 2,350 14 4,861 Louisiana 68 68 100.0 1,342 20,033 98.5 † † 2 1,938 1 5,299 4 5,232 Maine 272 272 100.0 1,346 5,298 93.4 41 1,588 84 2,703 62 3,050 54 6,439 Maryland 24 15 100.0 699 46,579 100.0 † † † † † † † † Massachusetts 370 370 100.0 6,676 18,342 98.4 28 1,471 47 3,231 47 6,067 70 9,808 Michigan 384 379 100.0 5,827 15,458 99.5 7 2,056 22 2,772 76 3,320 98 6,339 Minnesota 138 128 100.0 1,711 13,369 100.0 14 1,996 32 2,715 21 5,057 21 6,978 Mississippi 50 47 100.0 795 17,290 97.9 † † † † 1 3,331 3 7,027 Missouri 152 140 100.0 1,928 13,870 99.3 6 1,261 28 2,775 24 9,751 24 8,268 Montana 80 80 100.0 687 8,588 100.0 6 1,914 22 2,381 18 4,640 15 6,515 Nebraska 270 270 100.0 1,462 5,990 90.4 157 2,607 61 4,263 20 7,567 16 11,235 Nevada 22 19 100.0 268 14,102 100.0 † † 3 4,979 4 4,198 2 8,500 New Hampshire 231 231 100.0 1,165 5,826 86.6 29 1,162 72 2,059 56 4,006 41 6,837 See notes at end of table. Square footage Number of centrals State Number of public libraries 148 Table 31. Number and square footage of central outlets of public libraries, by population of legal service area and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued Population of legal service area Less than 1,000 1,000 to 2,499 2,500 to 4,999 5,000 to 9,999 Total1 Response rate2 Total (in thous.) Average square footage3 Response rate4 Number of centrals Average square footage3 Number of centrals Average square footage3 Number of centrals Average square footage3 Number of centrals Average square footage3 New Jersey 303 303 100.0 4,801 16,669 95.0 † † 16 3,742 25 3,649 80 6,397 New Mexico 91 91 100.0 881 9,683 100.0 25 2,855 18 3,679 13 2,357 14 7,423 New York 755 753 100.0 9,562 12,784 99.3 69 2,552 152 3,153 130 4,395 139 7,376 North Carolina 77 66 100.0 2,009 30,442 100.0 † † † † 2 7,683 1 12,000 North Dakota 81 80 100.0 322 4,406 91.3 29 1,433 24 2,326 8 3,475 5 3,729 Ohio 251 241 100.0 5,780 24,387 98.3 3 1,786 5 2,873 21 6,619 56 9,355 Oklahoma 115 115 100.0 1,094 9,512 100.0 9 1,758 35 2,733 23 5,134 17 6,428 Oregon 126 123 100.0 1,628 13,238 100.0 15 1,324 19 1,843 14 2,710 20 6,309 Pennsylvania 457 452 100.0 4,436 9,858 99.6 3 1,635 31 2,010 60 2,886 96 4,395 Rhode Island 48 48 100.0 859 17,896 100.0 † † 1 9,445 2 2,423 7 5,725 South Carolina 42 41 100.0 1,259 30,705 100.0 † † † † † † † † South Dakota 114 114 100.0 515 5,146 87.7 39 1,465 32 3,295 17 4,536 11 5,466 Tennessee 187 187 100.0 2,300 12,298 100.0 17 1,192 10 1,542 16 2,512 36 3,052 Texas 561 561 100.0 7,548 13,502 99.6 17 2,377 67 3,024 105 4,187 114 5,951 Utah 69 55 100.0 897 16,604 98.2 2 3,515 8 2,752 9 5,727 10 7,387 Vermont 183 180 100.0 704 3,998 97.8 35 1,169 73 2,179 41 4,090 19 8,035 Virginia 91 79 100.0 1,697 22,630 94.9 † † 2 3,200 2 6,063 5 9,607 Washington 64 55 100.0 1,137 25,257 81.8 7 1,249 9 2,415 5 4,460 7 10,644 West Virginia 97 97 100.0 808 8,414 99.0 1 2,280 4 1,757 18 2,362 28 5,028 Wisconsin 381 378 100.0 4,795 12,685 100.0 21 2,315 73 2,423 95 4,469 71 6,888 Wyoming 23 23 100.0 472 20,531 100.0 † † 1 4,950 1 12,375 6 9,009 Outlying areas Guam 1 1 100.0 42 42,000 100.0 † † † † † † † † Puerto Rico 35 35 100.0 — — 0 † † 1 — 1 — † † See notes at end of table. Number of public libraries State Number of centrals Square footage 149 Table 31. Number and square footage of central outlets of public libraries, by population of legal service area and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued Population of legal service area 10,000 to 24,999 25,000 to 49,999 50,000 to 99,999 100,000 to 249,999 250,000 to 499,999 500,000 to 999,999 1,000,000 or more Number of centrals Average square footage3 Number of centrals Average square footage3 Number of centrals Average square footage3 Number of centrals Average square footage3 Number of centrals Average square footage3 Number of centrals Average square footage3 Number of centrals Average square footage3 Alabama 210 46 13,131 18 17,859 14 22,417 4 83,383 2 86,129 † † † † Alaska 86 2 7,651 3 12,029 † † 1 62,100 1 140,000 † † † † Arizona 86 16 9,197 10 17,553 3 15,667 8 51,695 1 106,000 1 100,000 1 280,000 Arkansas 51 8 6,551 11 11,501 16 26,331 3 16,550 1 132,000 † † † † California 181 22 15,531 28 20,035 46 37,532 45 48,318 8 65,218 7 180,345 3 281,121 Colorado 115 17 15,382 7 27,129 4 50,537 4 62,625 1 53,800 2 308,591 † † Connecticut 195 64 15,013 32 24,823 17 43,450 5 94,731 † † † † † † Delaware 21 9 6,699 2 11,808 2 24,296 † † † † † † † † District of Columbia 1 † † † † † † † † † † 1 400,000 † † Florida 80 12 12,871 7 16,369 11 20,974 8 35,040 8 51,704 3 147,827 4 219,566 Georgia 59 7 13,005 10 16,688 16 24,449 15 33,923 7 35,956 4 100,866 † † Hawaii 1 † † † † † † † † † † † † 1 105,000 Idaho 104 11 10,215 9 21,356 5 32,838 1 79,381 † † † † † † Illinois 634 120 18,687 74 35,381 29 69,401 8 95,386 † † † † 1 756,000 Indiana 238 48 22,475 30 34,453 16 64,878 8 85,607 1 367,000 1 — † † Iowa 539 30 14,863 13 33,382 8 59,889 2 97,500 † † † † † † Kansas 327 18 18,030 7 37,571 2 59,924 3 81,117 2 89,774 † † † † Kentucky 116 55 7,075 28 12,866 11 17,542 3 35,667 1 110,400 1 167,031 † † Louisiana 68 23 8,978 16 12,920 8 18,822 10 32,577 4 106,944 † † † † Maine 272 27 13,446 3 50,000 1 80,000 † † † † † † † † Maryland 24 1 11,000 6 15,321 4 28,625 2 49,581 1 39,100 1 343,000 † † Massachusetts 370 107 17,503 46 33,030 20 43,144 4 75,156 † † 1 970,000 † † Michigan 384 95 14,048 41 23,991 22 51,222 15 66,601 2 9,900 1 420,000 † † Minnesota 138 21 14,804 8 18,087 3 41,384 4 44,866 3 77,167 † † 1 353,000 Mississippi 50 9 7,597 17 14,609 13 24,228 4 36,570 † † † † † † Missouri 152 31 10,875 15 20,480 6 14,342 4 92,674 1 190,870 1 121,000 † † Montana 80 12 9,488 2 43,584 4 43,728 1 66,000 † † † † † † Nebraska 270 8 20,022 6 29,421 † † † † 2 96,102 † † † † Nevada 22 2 33,311 2 14,633 4 15,704 1 18,500 1 42,000 † † † † New Hampshire 231 23 12,368 8 19,231 1 60,000 1 75,645 † † † † † † See notes at end of table. State Number of public libraries 150 Table 31. Number and square footage of central outlets of public libraries, by population of legal service area and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued Population of legal service area 10,000 to 24,999 25,000 to 49,999 50,000 to 99,999 100,000 to 249,999 250,000 to 499,999 500,000 to 999,999 1,000,000 or more Number of centrals Average square footage3 Number of centrals Average square footage3 Number of centrals Average square footage3 Number of centrals Average square footage3 Number of centrals Average square footage3 Number of centrals Average square footage3 Number of centrals Average square footage3 New Jersey 303 100 14,085 43 22,867 25 40,720 9 47,302 4 85,901 1 61,265 † † New Mexico 91 9 15,841 6 28,640 3 29,564 2 43,433 † † 1 119,050 † † New York 755 142 13,468 84 29,792 27 42,144 6 74,420 1 115,458 1 403,000 2 425,000 North Carolina 77 6 13,158 10 22,276 22 22,032 19 34,182 5 77,982 1 156,000 † † North Dakota 81 9 9,582 2 21,086 3 35,683 † † † † † † † † Ohio 251 70 15,506 41 22,336 26 33,060 11 39,411 6 173,556 2 411,701 † † Oklahoma 115 18 12,019 6 28,150 2 23,753 2 27,407 1 53,000 2 107,250 † † Oregon 126 30 13,530 11 24,553 7 28,430 6 68,223 † † 1 125,000 † † Pennsylvania 457 153 8,413 68 14,007 28 23,004 9 41,548 3 91,756 † † 1 286,556 Rhode Island 48 20 12,315 13 21,975 4 39,172 1 116,000 † † † † † † South Carolina 42 5 4,429 12 10,406 10 17,622 10 42,244 4 128,304 † † † † South Dakota 114 11 12,042 2 29,996 1 50,000 1 19,000 † † † † † † Tennessee 187 50 5,980 35 13,209 15 21,288 4 55,306 2 91,024 2 315,000 † † Texas 561 120 8,352 70 15,888 30 34,850 25 44,617 6 74,258 3 128,878 4 384,465 Utah 69 8 7,174 11 18,773 2 32,873 4 102,666 1 9,055 † † † † Vermont 183 11 13,266 1 44,000 † † † † † † † † † † Virginia 91 17 12,769 23 14,595 17 22,821 10 59,151 3 60,000 † † † † Washington 64 10 14,834 5 15,774 4 33,759 6 54,780 1 36,000 1 362,987 † † West Virginia 97 27 7,945 9 11,045 9 27,706 1 53,600 † † † † † † Wisconsin 381 74 16,215 27 31,878 11 65,257 4 81,075 1 95,000 1 457,919 † † Wyoming 23 7 16,777 6 24,618 2 67,841 † † † † † † † † Outlying areas Guam 1 † † 1 42,000 † † † † † † † † † † Puerto Rico 35 6 — 17 — 3 — 4 — 3 — † † † † — Not available. State NOTE: Square footage is collected only from central and branch outlets (not from bookmobiles and books-by-mail only-outlets), and missing data are not imputed. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). Number of public libraries SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 1This is the total number of central outlets on the public library outlet data file. 2The response rate is the number of central outlets on the public library outlet data file divided by the number of centrals on the public library data file. 3The average square footage of central outlets is calculated by dividing the total square footage reported by central outlets by the total number of such outlets reporting the data. 4The square footage response rate is calculated by dividing the total number of central outlets reporting square footage by the total number of such outlets on the public library outlet file. IMLS ensures as part of edit follow-up that the number of outlets reported on the public library outlet data file equals the number reported on the public library data file. † Not applicable. 151 Table 32. Number and square footage of branch outlets of public libraries, by population of legal service area and state: Fiscal year 2008 Population of legal service area Less than 1,000 1,000 to 2,499 2,500 to 4,999 5,000 to 9,999 Total1 Response rate2 Total (in thous.) Average square footage3 Response rate4 Number of branches Average square footage3 Number of branches Average square footage3 Number of branches Average square footage3 Number of branches Average square footage3 Alabama 210 79 100.0 409 5,675 91.1 † † † † † † † † Alaska 86 16 100.0 69 4,293 100.0 † † 1 840 1 2,000 7 1,740 Arizona 86 126 100.0 1,123 8,915 100.0 † † † † † † 2 4,015 Arkansas 51 170 100.0 649 3,883 98.2 † † † † † † 3 2,477 California 181 950 100.0 8,094 8,529 99.9 † † 1 850 1 8,982 4 530 Colorado 115 149 100.0 1,503 10,224 98.7 † † 4 1,231 6 1,437 5 4,348 Connecticut 195 47 100.0 330 7,181 97.9 † † † † † † † † Delaware 21 14 100.0 145 10,376 100.0 † † † † † † † † District of Columbia 1 26 100.0 362 13,905 100.0 † † † † † † † † Florida 80 458 100.0 6,330 13,820 100.0 † † † † † † † † Georgia 59 328 100.0 2,605 8,040 98.8 † † † † † † † † Hawaii 1 50 100.0 556 11,129 100.0 † † † † † † † † Idaho 104 38 100.0 99 2,671 97.4 † † 2 1,660 1 — 8 1,649 Illinois 634 157 100.0 1,527 9,727 100.0 † † 1 1,050 1 144 15 1,388 Indiana 238 196 100.0 1,533 7,860 99.5 † † † † † † 14 3,568 Iowa 539 20 100.0 115 6,741 85.0 † † † † † † † † Kansas 327 49 100.0 380 7,926 98.0 † † 4 361 2 4,258 10 4,696 Kentucky 116 79 98.8 524 6,630 100.0 † † 1 2,120 † † 2 2,885 Louisiana 68 264 100.0 1,382 5,256 99.6 † † † † † † 4 1,136 Maine 272 6 100.0 — — 0 † † † † † † † † Maryland 24 168 100.0 2,426 14,441 100.0 † † † † † † † † Massachusetts 370 102 98.1 701 7,007 98.0 † † 1 400 † † 6 2,422 Michigan 384 278 100.0 1,596 5,743 100.0 † † † † 5 1,073 1 1,080 Minnesota 138 232 100.0 2,032 8,795 99.6 † † † † † † 1 1,467 Mississippi 50 190 100.0 866 4,657 97.9 † † † † † † 2 3,000 Missouri 152 219 100.0 1,869 8,654 98.6 † † † † † † 12 2,687 Montana 80 30 100.0 62 2,081 100.0 † † 1 1,000 4 600 6 2,843 Nebraska 270 17 100.0 287 16,860 100.0 † † † † † † † † Nevada 22 66 100.0 939 14,224 100.0 † † 4 1,345 4 1,388 † † New Hampshire 231 5 100.0 13 2,542 100.0 † † † † 1 600 † † See notes at end of table. State Number of public libraries Number of branches Square footage 152 Table 32. Number and square footage of branch outlets of public libraries, by population of legal service area and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued Population of legal service area Less than 1,000 1,000 to 2,499 2,500 to 4,999 5,000 to 9,999 Total1 Response rate2 Total (in thous.) Average square footage3 Response rate4 Number of branches Average square footage3 Number of branches Average square footage3 Number of branches Average square footage3 Number of branches Average square footage3 New Jersey 303 151 100.0 1,157 7,819 98.0 † † † † † † † † New Mexico 91 27 100.0 269 9,978 100.0 † † 1 4,608 † † 1 500 New York 755 316 100.0 3,793 12,003 100.0 † † 1 3,100 2 4,608 10 1,705 North Carolina 77 323 100.0 2,315 7,167 100.0 † † † † † † † † North Dakota 81 10 100.0 117 12,959 90.0 † † † † 1 3,486 † † Ohio 251 484 100.0 3,747 7,921 97.7 † † † † 2 1,934 8 2,674 Oklahoma 115 91 100.0 745 8,187 100.0 † † † † † † † † Oregon 126 89 100.0 467 5,242 100.0 2 450 † † 1 3,000 3 809 Pennsylvania 457 177 100.0 1,069 6,111 98.9 † † † † † † † † Rhode Island 48 24 100.0 150 6,247 100.0 † † † † 1 11,002 † † South Carolina 42 148 100.0 1,016 6,866 100.0 † † † † † † † † South Dakota 114 36 100.0 75 2,428 86.1 † † 1 — 2 — 8 513 Tennessee 187 102 100.0 821 8,131 99.0 † † † † † † 1 1,500 Texas 561 303 100.0 3,482 11,646 98.7 † † 1 888 1 3,000 8 1,750 Utah 69 61 100.0 525 9,546 90.2 † † † † 2 1,180 2 1,307 Vermont 183 3 100.0 1 968 33.3 † † † † † † 2 968 Virginia 91 264 100.0 2,347 8,959 99.2 † † † † † † † † Washington 64 279 100.0 1,983 7,108 100.0 † † † † † † † † West Virginia 97 76 100.0 206 2,709 100.0 † † † † † † 4 1,970 Wisconsin 381 80 100.0 546 6,825 100.0 † † † † 2 2,469 1 770 Wyoming 23 53 100.0 219 4,138 100.0 † † † † † † 10 2,603 Outlying areas Guam 1 5 100.0 24 4,800 100.0 † † † † † † † † Puerto Rico 35 9 100.0 † 400 11.1 † † † † † † † † See notes at end of table. State Number of public libraries Number of branches Square footage 153 Table 32. Number and square footage of branch outlets of public libraries, by population of legal service area and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued Population of legal service area 10,000 to 24,999 25,000 to 49,999 50,000 to 99,999 100,000 to 249,999 250,000 to 499,999 500,000 to 999,999 1,000,000 or more Number of branches Average square footage3 Number of branches Average square footage3 Number of branches Average square footage3 Number of branches Average square footage3 Number of branches Average square footage3 Number of branches Average square footage3 Number of branches Average square footage3 Alabama 210 7 2,234 9 1,455 13 1,364 30 6,942 20 8,264 † † † † Alaska 86 † † 2 8,696 † † 1 4,200 4 8,020 † † † † Arizona 86 13 1,668 7 1,637 20 2,478 29 10,299 2 33,500 39 12,054 14 14,052 Arkansas 51 8 3,872 26 2,066 69 4,016 53 3,208 11 10,745 † † † † California 181 41 2,171 32 1,877 66 4,387 176 6,878 124 10,205 163 8,858 342 10,900 Colorado 115 20 3,662 14 6,234 9 6,151 31 13,060 17 14,577 43 14,119 † † Connecticut 195 5 4,006 7 5,778 14 8,236 21 7,634 † † † † † † Delaware 21 † † 3 5,463 2 4,009 † † 9 13,428 † † † † District of Columbia 1 † † † † † † † † † † 26 13,905 † † Florida 80 † † 10 4,618 45 6,191 76 8,355 85 11,305 120 17,982 122 18,454 Georgia 59 5 4,325 19 3,852 61 5,754 90 7,039 68 9,378 85 10,879 † † Hawaii 1 † † † † † † † † † † † † 50 11,129 Idaho 104 9 1,748 9 2,409 7 3,446 2 10,397 † † † † † † Illinois 634 16 1,920 11 5,089 16 7,851 19 15,436 † † † † 78 12,814 Indiana 238 39 3,337 33 4,517 39 8,722 36 12,336 13 12,052 22 12,101 † † Iowa 539 5 1,400 6 1,414 3 13,287 6 10,575 † † † † † † Kansas 327 8 1,325 † † † † 5 14,362 20 12,123 † † † † Kentucky 116 11 2,609 16 3,972 19 6,170 9 9,831 5 14,670 16 9,038 † † Louisiana 68 33 2,073 52 2,469 41 5,402 76 5,244 58 9,695 † † † † Maine 272 1 — † † 5 — † † † † † † † † Maryland 24 2 1,100 17 5,743 19 7,571 33 11,994 5 26,550 92 17,976 † † Massachusetts 370 9 2,554 11 6,370 29 7,017 18 6,880 † † 28 9,979 † † Michigan 384 36 1,485 46 2,692 28 6,152 93 6,179 47 9,839 22 9,245 † † Minnesota 138 18 3,621 9 2,370 16 6,786 89 6,660 59 9,933 † † 40 16,658 Mississippi 50 6 1,980 40 2,937 66 3,362 63 5,763 13 12,130 † † † † Missouri 152 27 1,915 31 3,178 44 5,142 28 11,944 28 12,368 49 16,063 † † Montana 80 9 1,373 † † 10 2,960 † † † † † † † † Nebraska 270 † † † † † † † † 17 16,860 † † † † Nevada 22 3 1,333 † † 15 2,581 1 16,000 15 14,761 † † 24 26,988 New Hampshire 231 2 2,613 1 2,160 † † 1 4,725 † † † † † † See notes at end of table. State Number of public libraries 154 Table 32. Number and square footage of branch outlets of public libraries, by population of legal service area and state: Fiscal year 2008—Continued Population of legal service area 10,000 to 24,999 25,000 to 49,999 50,000 to 99,999 100,000 to 249,999 250,000 to 499,999 500,000 to 999,999 1,000,000 or more Number of branches Average square footage3 Number of branches Average square footage3 Number of branches Average square footage3 Number of branches Average square footage3 Number of branches Average square footage3 Number of branches Average square footage3 Number of branches Average square footage3 New Jersey 303 2 4,225 7 6,825 42 5,331 53 8,327 27 10,039 20 9,335 † † New Mexico 91 2 7,837 1 3,242 4 12,761 2 1,500 † † 16 11,959 † † New York 755 12 2,341 20 5,352 20 6,398 27 9,197 8 10,889 8 9,033 208 14,870 North Carolina 77 3 4,076 20 5,086 84 4,233 131 6,246 43 9,235 42 15,003 † † North Dakota 81 7 12,550 † † 2 18,925 † † † † † † † † Ohio 251 24 3,649 98 3,119 80 6,909 75 7,877 109 10,133 88 13,026 † † Oklahoma 115 † † 7 3,355 8 3,773 28 6,020 8 11,369 40 10,796 † † Oregon 126 12 1,753 6 2,533 16 2,106 33 7,561 † † 16 8,798 † † Pennsylvania 457 6 2,333 27 2,559 41 4,697 23 4,036 27 11,333 † † 53 7,687 Rhode Island 48 1 1,250 5 4,235 8 4,419 9 9,018 † † † † † † South Carolina 42 1 700 15 2,893 24 4,685 63 7,105 45 9,157 † † † † South Dakota 114 13 360 † † 1 2,742 11 5,875 † † † † † † Tennessee 187 9 2,379 4 2,809 18 2,986 8 4,181 23 11,313 39 11,348 † † Texas 561 26 2,085 23 4,920 2 2,000 42 12,117 41 17,280 47 12,250 112 13,746 Utah 69 14 2,628 4 1,110 † † 14 12,244 6 13,946 19 14,073 † † Vermont 183 1 — † † † † † † † † † † † † Virginia 91 8 2,645 41 4,673 59 5,766 83 8,291 52 13,240 † † 21 20,405 Washington 64 21 1,080 7 1,516 6 5,790 98 5,382 39 7,120 64 9,311 44 11,685 West Virginia 97 15 1,670 23 2,249 25 2,730 9 5,886 † † † † † † Wisconsin 381 3 324 24 2,807 10 4,854 20 8,766 8 8,248 12 15,176 † † Wyoming 23 21 2,544 18 7,121 4 2,920 † † † † † † † † Outlying areas Guam 1 † † 5 4,800 † † † † † † † † † † Puerto Rico 35 † † 9 400 † † † † † † † † † † 3The average square footage of branch outlets is calculated by dividing the total square footage reported by branch outlets by the total number of such outlets reporting the data. 4The square footage response rate is calculated by dividing the total number of branch outlets reporting square footage by the total number of such outlets on the public library outlet data file. IMLS ensures as part of edit follow-up that the number of outlets reported on the public library outlet data file equals the number reported on the public library data file. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. NOTE: Square footage is collected only from central and branch outlets (not from bookmobiles and books-by-mail-only outlets), and missing data are not imputed. Data were not reported by the following outlying areas (American Samoa, Northern Marianas, and Virgin Islands). 1This is the total number of branch outlets on the public library outlet data file. 2The response rate is the number of branch outlets on the public library outlet data file divided by the number of branches on the public library data file. State Number of public libraries — Not available. † Not applicable. 155 (Page is intentionally blank.) 156 Appendix A—Public Library State Ranking Tables 157 (Page is intentionally blank.) 158 State Ranking Library visits per capita1 State Ranking Reference transactions per capita1 Total † 5.10 Total † 1.02 Ohio 1 8.02 Ohio 1 1.82 Indiana 2 7.22 Utah 2 1.69 Nebraska 3 6.92 Florida 3 1.57 Wyoming 4 6.81 New York 4 1.48 Connecticut 5 6.77 District of Columbia2 5 1.42 Utah 6 6.68 Connecticut 6 1.39 Oregon 7 6.64 North Carolina 7 1.34 Illinois 8 6.64 Colorado 8 1.21 Washington 9 6.55 Illinois 9 1.20 Massachusetts 10 6.54 Louisiana 10 1.15 Vermont 11 6.45 Wyoming 11 1.13 Idaho 12 6.42 Kansas 12 1.09 Colorado 13 6.31 South Carolina 13 1.09 Iowa 14 6.25 Missouri 14 1.07 Wisconsin 15 6.25 Maryland 15 1.05 Kansas 16 6.20 New Jersey 16 1.02 New York 17 6.19 Washington 17 1.01 Rhode Island 18 5.98 Georgia 18 1.01 Maine 19 5.93 Indiana 19 0.98 New Jersey 20 5.91 Virginia 20 0.96 Maryland 21 5.86 Michigan 21 0.90 South Dakota 22 5.61 Wisconsin 22 0.89 New Hampshire 23 5.57 South Dakota 23 0.87 Missouri 24 5.54 Nebraska 24 0.86 Delaware 25 5.52 California 25 0.86 Michigan 26 5.48 Massachusetts 26 0.86 Minnesota 27 5.47 Kentucky 27 0.85 Virginia 28 5.25 New Mexico 28 0.85 Alaska 29 5.11 Idaho 29 0.84 Oklahoma 30 4.88 Rhode Island 30 0.81 New Mexico 31 4.82 Vermont 31 0.80 District of Columbia2 32 4.60 Minnesota 32 0.80 Hawaii3 33 4.59 Oregon 33 0.78 California 34 4.52 Alabama 34 0.77 Montana 35 4.51 North Dakota 35 0.73 Florida 36 4.49 Oklahoma 36 0.72 Kentucky 37 4.40 Texas 37 0.71 North Dakota 38 4.25 Arizona 38 0.70 North Carolina 39 4.15 Pennsylvania 39 0.70 Arizona 40 4.04 Hawaii3 40 0.70 Pennsylvania 41 4.04 Arkansas 41 0.69 Nevada 42 4.00 Tennessee 42 0.66 Georgia 43 3.97 Nevada 43 0.66 South Carolina 44 3.80 New Hampshire 44 0.65 Arkansas 45 3.73 Iowa 45 0.63 Alabama 46 3.49 Alaska 46 0.62 Tennessee 47 3.36 Maine 47 0.62 Texas 48 3.33 Delaware 48 0.59 West Virginia 49 3.32 Mississippi 49 0.58 Louisiana 50 3.32 West Virginia 50 0.49 Mississippi 51 3.01 Montana 51 0.46 † Not applicable. 1Per capita is based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 3Caution should be used in making comparisons with the state of Hawaii, as Hawaii reports only one public library for the entire state. Appendix A—Public Library State Ranking Tables Table A1. Number of library visits and reference transactions of public libraries per capita, by state: Table A1. Fiscal year 2008 2The District of Columbia, while not a state, is included in the state rankings. Special care should be used in comparing its data to state data. 159 State Ranking Circulation transactions per capita1 State Ranking Interlibrary loans received per 1,000 population1 Total † 7.72 Total † 188.07 Ohio 1 16.71 Wisconsin 1 1399.88 Oregon 2 15.43 Oregon 2 984.09 Indiana 3 13.72 Rhode Island 3 934.20 Utah 4 12.97 Massachusetts 4 841.11 Washington 5 12.13 Ohio 5 649.31 Colorado 6 11.98 Illinois 6 389.83 Kansas 7 11.38 New York 7 355.31 Wisconsin 8 10.94 Michigan 8 327.24 Minnesota 9 10.74 Pennsylvania 9 300.22 Nebraska 10 10.52 Maine 10 288.09 Delaware 11 10.39 New Jersey 11 232.87 Maryland 12 9.85 Kansas 12 231.54 Iowa 13 9.56 Delaware 13 217.83 Missouri 14 9.37 Minnesota 14 212.85 Idaho 15 9.37 Connecticut 15 161.24 Connecticut 16 9.36 Montana 16 153.81 Virginia 17 9.18 Iowa 17 121.48 Wyoming 18 9.04 New Hampshire 18 119.19 Illinois 19 9.02 Wyoming 19 94.18 New Hampshire 20 8.43 Colorado 20 88.59 South Dakota 21 8.41 North Dakota 21 81.82 Massachusetts 22 8.40 California 22 70.12 New York 23 8.20 Vermont 23 69.08 Michigan 24 7.98 South Dakota 24 62.15 Maine 25 7.68 Arizona 25 57.92 Vermont 26 7.67 Idaho 26 57.47 Arizona 27 7.34 Missouri 27 56.30 New Jersey 28 7.27 Georgia 28 53.15 North Dakota 29 7.22 Alaska 29 45.53 Rhode Island 30 6.97 West Virginia 30 45.23 Oklahoma 31 6.95 Maryland 31 34.29 Kentucky 32 6.70 Alabama 32 33.56 Nevada 33 6.53 Washington 33 31.87 Montana 34 6.48 Nebraska 34 30.77 New Mexico 35 6.31 Louisiana 35 23.70 Alaska 36 6.29 Indiana 36 23.18 Florida 37 6.16 Nevada 37 21.15 Pennsylvania 38 5.83 Virginia 38 20.39 North Carolina 39 5.81 Florida 39 19.34 California 40 5.78 Texas 40 19.03 Hawaii3 41 5.47 Kentucky 41 18.51 South Carolina 42 5.38 Oklahoma 42 14.89 Arkansas 43 4.93 Arkansas 43 14.67 Texas 44 4.91 New Mexico 44 13.72 Georgia 45 4.69 Tennessee 45 11.48 Alabama 46 4.39 South Carolina 46 10.46 West Virginia 47 4.21 Utah 47 9.58 Tennessee 48 4.07 Mississippi 48 8.50 Louisiana 49 4.01 North Carolina 49 7.06 District of Columbia2 50 3.03 District of Columbia2 50 0.35 Mississippi 51 2.92 Hawaii3 51 0.04 † Not applicable. 1Per capita and per 1,000 population are based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 3Caution should be used in making comparisons with the state of Hawaii, as Hawaii reports only one public library for the entire state. Table A2. per 1,000 population, by state: Fiscal year 2008 Appendix A—Public Library State Ranking Tables 2The District of Columbia, while not a state, is included in the state rankings. Special care should be used in comparing its data to state data. Table A2. Number of circulation transactions of public libraries per capita and interlibrary loans received 160 State Ranking Average number public-use Internet computers per stationary outlet State Ranking Public-use Internet computers Per 5,000 population1 Total † 13.18 Total † 3.73 Florida 1 25.48 Vermont 1 7.62 Maryland 2 20.71 Nebraska 2 7.34 Arizona 3 17.81 Wyoming 3 6.81 Texas 4 17.17 South Dakota 4 6.58 Kentucky 5 16.72 Kansas 5 6.37 Georgia 6 16.35 Indiana 6 6.09 Indiana 7 16.00 Iowa 7 6.04 South Carolina 8 15.98 Maine 8 5.93 Colorado 9 15.88 Alabama 9 5.01 Ohio 10 15.83 Ohio 10 4.99 North Carolina 11 15.73 Louisiana 11 4.95 California 12 15.67 Michigan 12 4.90 Alabama 13 15.43 Connecticut 13 4.89 Virginia 14 14.95 Rhode Island 14 4.84 Michigan 15 14.80 Montana 15 4.75 New Jersey 16 14.40 Idaho 16 4.67 Rhode Island 17 14.22 New Mexico 17 4.52 Connecticut 18 14.19 Illinois 18 4.50 Delaware 19 13.91 Missouri 19 4.48 New York 20 13.66 New Hampshire 20 4.39 Tennessee 21 13.56 North Dakota 21 4.39 Washington 22 13.37 Minnesota 22 4.24 Illinois 23 13.29 Alaska 23 4.10 Utah 24 13.18 Colorado 24 4.08 Louisiana 25 13.15 Wisconsin 25 3.98 Missouri 26 12.79 New Jersey 26 3.92 Nevada 27 12.66 Massachusetts 27 3.90 Minnesota 28 12.41 Kentucky 28 3.90 District of Columbia2 29 12.04 New York 29 3.86 New Mexico 30 11.91 Oklahoma 30 3.66 Pennsylvania 31 11.39 Florida 31 3.52 Massachusetts 32 10.61 Arkansas 32 3.49 Oklahoma 33 10.58 Mississippi 33 3.48 Oregon 34 10.57 Washington 34 3.46 Hawaii3 35 10.39 South Carolina 35 3.42 Wisconsin 36 9.87 Georgia 36 3.40 Wyoming 37 9.37 Maryland 37 3.38 Idaho 38 8.89 Virginia 38 3.37 Mississippi 39 8.64 North Carolina 39 3.37 Arkansas 40 8.59 Oregon 40 3.34 Kansas 41 8.02 West Virginia 41 3.34 Montana 42 7.77 Texas 42 3.33 West Virginia 43 6.98 Tennessee 43 3.22 Nebraska 44 6.64 Pennsylvania 44 2.99 Iowa 45 6.40 Utah 45 2.92 South Dakota 46 6.13 Delaware 46 2.91 North Dakota 47 5.57 Arizona 47 2.84 Alaska 48 5.47 District of Columbia2 48 2.76 Maine 49 5.17 California 49 2.30 Vermont 50 5.03 Hawaii3 50 2.06 New Hampshire 51 4.88 Nevada 51 1.96 † Not applicable. 1Per 5,000 population is based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. 3Caution should be used in making comparisons with the state of Hawaii, as Hawaii reports only one public library for the entire state. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Appendix A—Public Library State Ranking Tables Table A3. Average number of public-use Internet computers of public libraries per stationary Table A3. outlet and number per 5,000 population, by state: Fiscal year 2008 2The District of Columbia, while not a state, is included in the state rankings. Special care should be used in comparing its data to state data. 161 State Ranking Print materials per capita1 State Ranking Audio materials per 1,000 population1 Total † 2.77 Total † 168.10 Maine 1 5.37 Wisconsin 1 443.95 Nebraska 2 5.11 Wyoming 2 379.03 Massachusetts 3 5.07 Ohio 3 359.16 Vermont 4 4.80 Utah 4 297.89 New Hampshire 5 4.74 Indiana 5 278.15 Wyoming 6 4.68 New York 6 275.09 Indiana 7 4.54 Oregon 7 271.30 South Dakota 8 4.48 Massachusetts 8 245.83 Connecticut 9 4.45 Illinois 9 237.99 Kansas 10 4.39 Nebraska 10 227.55 North Dakota 11 4.30 Connecticut 11 224.89 Rhode Island 12 4.18 Vermont 12 224.49 Iowa 13 4.13 Kansas 13 212.42 Ohio 14 4.07 Iowa 14 210.92 New York 15 3.94 Michigan 15 209.85 Illinois 16 3.87 Colorado 16 206.78 Alaska 17 3.66 New Hampshire 17 201.74 New Jersey 18 3.64 Washington 18 196.16 Missouri 19 3.52 Pennsylvania 19 194.68 District of Columbia2 20 3.51 Maryland 20 185.86 Wisconsin 21 3.50 South Dakota 21 183.83 Michigan 22 3.48 Maine 22 183.20 Idaho 23 3.15 Alaska 23 180.43 Montana 24 3.03 North Dakota 24 172.00 New Mexico 25 2.94 Idaho 25 170.69 West Virginia 26 2.83 New Jersey 26 170.40 Oregon 27 2.81 Missouri 27 168.95 Minnesota 28 2.80 Minnesota 28 167.50 Hawaii3 29 2.65 District of Columbia2 29 160.33 Louisiana 30 2.64 Nevada 30 150.62 Maryland 31 2.57 Virginia 31 149.08 Washington 32 2.54 New Mexico 32 145.31 Virginia 33 2.52 Rhode Island 33 144.47 Delaware 34 2.52 Delaware 34 134.97 Utah 35 2.51 Montana 35 131.54 Pennsylvania 36 2.49 Florida 36 129.65 Colorado 37 2.48 Kentucky 37 117.05 Oklahoma 38 2.43 West Virginia 38 115.03 Arkansas 39 2.43 Hawaii3 39 110.60 Alabama 40 2.17 Oklahoma 40 106.39 South Carolina 41 2.13 Alabama 41 100.85 Kentucky 42 2.06 South Carolina 42 94.91 Nevada 43 1.97 Texas 43 94.76 California 44 1.95 Arizona 44 91.62 Tennessee 45 1.91 California 45 90.38 Mississippi 46 1.88 Louisiana 46 87.39 Texas 47 1.88 Arkansas 47 86.69 North Carolina 48 1.86 Tennessee 48 83.05 Florida 49 1.74 North Carolina 49 80.33 Georgia 50 1.73 Mississippi 50 73.60 Arizona 51 1.33 Georgia 51 71.06 † Not applicable. 1Per capita and per 1,000 population are based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. 3Caution should be used in making comparisons with the state of Hawaii, as Hawaii reports only one public library for the entire state. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table A4. by state: Fiscal year 2008 Appendix A—Public Library State Ranking Tables 2The District of Columbia, while not a state, is included in the state rankings. Special care should be used in comparing its data to state data. Table A4. Number of print materials of public libraries per capita and audio materials per 1,000 population, 162 State Ranking Video materials per 1,000 population1 State Ranking Current print serial subscriptions per 1,000 population1 Total † 166.74 Total † 6.07 Ohio 1 395.58 Ohio 1 15.25 Indiana 2 321.49 New Hampshire 2 13.03 Wisconsin 3 299.70 Iowa 3 12.42 Kansas 4 299.06 Vermont 4 11.98 Alaska 5 292.91 Nebraska 5 11.72 Connecticut 6 269.44 New York 6 10.57 Wyoming 7 257.18 Indiana 7 10.06 Vermont 8 248.28 Wyoming 8 9.87 Massachusetts 9 243.35 Alaska 9 9.72 New Hampshire 10 243.06 Maine 10 9.17 Iowa 11 239.88 Illinois 11 9.15 Maine 12 234.71 Kansas 12 8.95 Nebraska 13 232.46 Wisconsin 13 8.86 South Dakota 14 222.99 Massachusetts 14 8.63 Illinois 15 220.04 Connecticut 15 8.42 Oregon 16 219.76 Missouri 16 8.10 New York 17 211.41 South Dakota 17 8.01 Utah 18 210.96 North Dakota 18 7.98 Colorado 19 209.76 Delaware 19 7.19 Rhode Island 20 201.74 Washington 20 7.14 Washington 21 195.29 New Mexico 21 6.98 New Jersey 22 188.72 Rhode Island 22 6.90 Michigan 23 183.38 Maryland 23 6.83 North Dakota 24 182.00 Michigan 24 6.82 Nevada 25 177.28 Minnesota 25 6.60 Delaware 26 167.09 New Jersey 26 6.55 Idaho 27 164.94 Oregon 27 6.38 Minnesota 28 162.28 Utah 28 6.20 Missouri 29 161.37 Montana 29 5.75 Florida 30 159.79 Louisiana 30 5.69 Montana 31 147.84 Colorado 31 5.52 Maryland 32 145.61 District of Columbia2 32 5.31 Louisiana 33 140.89 Idaho 33 5.27 Pennsylvania 34 132.43 Pennsylvania 34 5.07 West Virginia 35 130.12 South Carolina 35 4.89 Virginia 36 126.32 Kentucky 36 4.65 New Mexico 37 125.86 Virginia 37 4.56 Kentucky 38 122.80 Oklahoma 38 4.21 South Carolina 39 112.96 Hawaii3 39 4.12 District of Columbia2 40 110.80 West Virginia 40 3.97 California 41 110.41 Florida 41 3.96 Alabama 42 107.45 North Carolina 42 3.86 Texas 43 104.61 Arkansas 43 3.74 Arizona 44 103.96 Nevada 44 3.50 Oklahoma 45 102.45 California 45 3.44 Arkansas 46 102.34 Mississippi 46 3.40 Hawaii3 47 97.69 Texas 47 2.99 Mississippi 48 95.46 Arizona 48 2.90 Georgia 49 85.70 Alabama 49 2.85 Tennessee 50 84.62 Tennessee 50 2.78 North Carolina 51 70.18 Georgia 51 2.74 † Not applicable. 1Per 1,000 population is based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. 3Caution should be used in making comparisons with the state of Hawaii, as Hawaii reports only one public library for the entire state. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table A5. population, by state: Fiscal year 2008 Appendix A—Public Library State Ranking Tables 2The District of Columbia, while not a state, is included in the state rankings. Special care should be used in comparing its data to state data. Table A5. Number of video materials and current print serial subscriptions of public libraries per 1,000 163 State Ranking Total paid FTE staff per 25,000 population1 State Ranking Paid FTE librarians per 25,000 population1 Total † 12.31 Total † 4.06 Ohio 1 21.24 Kansas 1 9.87 Wyoming 2 20.85 New Hampshire 2 8.80 Indiana 3 20.07 Wyoming 3 8.43 Kansas 4 19.36 Vermont 4 8.02 District of Columbia2 5 18.92 Iowa 5 7.85 Illinois 6 18.03 Connecticut 6 7.41 New York 7 17.47 Maine 7 7.12 Connecticut 8 17.17 Nebraska 8 6.91 New Hampshire 9 16.32 Massachusetts 9 6.75 Maryland 10 15.63 Indiana 10 6.29 Nebraska 11 15.61 Ohio 11 6.25 New Jersey 12 15.60 Kentucky 12 6.17 Missouri 13 15.52 Illinois 13 6.07 Colorado 14 14.95 Maryland 14 5.86 Massachusetts 15 14.80 New York 15 5.75 Rhode Island 16 14.76 Rhode Island 16 5.66 Maine 17 14.74 District of Columbia2 17 5.24 Washington 18 14.10 Oklahoma 18 5.18 Iowa 19 14.10 Montana 19 5.11 Wisconsin 20 13.53 South Dakota 20 5.09 Vermont 21 13.48 Wisconsin 21 5.08 Virginia 22 13.08 North Dakota 22 5.07 Idaho 23 13.04 Mississippi 23 5.02 Louisiana 24 13.01 Michigan 24 4.91 Michigan 25 12.96 Louisiana 25 4.81 South Dakota 26 12.88 New Mexico 26 4.77 Oregon 27 12.80 Colorado 27 4.69 Kentucky 28 12.56 West Virginia 28 4.42 New Mexico 29 11.64 New Jersey 29 4.39 Alaska 30 11.60 Alaska 30 4.02 Minnesota 31 11.28 Delaware 31 3.92 Utah 32 11.07 Alabama 32 3.91 Hawaii3 33 10.82 Minnesota 33 3.84 Oklahoma 34 10.77 Missouri 34 3.77 South Carolina 35 10.62 Oregon 35 3.73 Mississippi 36 10.57 Idaho 36 3.70 Pennsylvania 37 10.34 Hawaii3 37 3.39 Delaware 38 10.25 Virginia 38 3.37 Alabama 39 9.89 Washington 39 3.36 Arkansas 40 9.78 South Carolina 40 3.29 Florida 41 9.72 Pennsylvania 41 3.19 North Dakota 42 9.71 Utah 42 3.14 Montana 43 9.63 Arkansas 43 2.92 Nevada 44 9.09 Florida 44 2.86 North Carolina 45 8.77 Texas 45 2.55 Arizona 46 8.74 Arizona 46 2.48 West Virginia 47 8.65 California 47 2.36 California 48 8.36 Tennessee 48 2.31 Georgia 49 8.34 Nevada 49 2.14 Texas 50 8.16 North Carolina 50 2.05 Tennessee 51 7.56 Georgia 51 1.90 † Not applicable. 1Per 25,000 population is based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. 3Caution should be used in making comparisons with the state of Hawaii, as Hawaii reports only one public library for the entire state. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table A6. per 25,000 population, by state: Fiscal year 2008 Appendix A—Public Library State Ranking Tables 2The District of Columbia, while not a state, is included in the state rankings. Special care should be used in comparing its data to state data. Table A6. Number of paid full-time-equivalent (FTE) staff and paid FTE librarians of public libraries 164 State Ranking Paid FTE librarians with "ALA-MLS" per 25,000 population1 State Ranking Other paid FTE staff per 25,000 population1 Total † 2.76 Total † 8.25 Connecticut 1 5.34 Ohio 1 14.98 District of Columbia2 2 5.24 Indiana 2 13.78 Rhode Island 3 5.02 District of Columbia2 3 13.68 New York 4 4.90 Wyoming 4 12.42 Ohio 5 4.46 Illinois 5 11.96 Massachusetts 6 4.40 Missouri 6 11.75 New Jersey 7 4.36 New York 7 11.72 Indiana 8 3.97 New Jersey 8 11.21 Illinois 9 3.75 Washington 9 10.73 New Hampshire 10 3.67 Colorado 10 10.27 Hawaii3 11 3.39 Maryland 11 9.77 Michigan 12 3.39 Connecticut 12 9.76 Maine 13 3.31 Virginia 13 9.71 Washington 14 3.22 Kansas 14 9.49 Colorado 15 3.04 Idaho 15 9.34 Maryland 16 3.03 Rhode Island 16 9.10 Oregon 17 2.95 Oregon 17 9.07 Virginia 18 2.95 Nebraska 18 8.70 Kansas 19 2.90 Wisconsin 19 8.46 Wisconsin 20 2.83 Louisiana 20 8.20 Minnesota 21 2.59 Massachusetts 21 8.05 South Carolina 22 2.54 Michigan 22 8.05 Florida 23 2.45 Utah 23 7.93 New Mexico 24 2.34 South Dakota 24 7.78 Pennsylvania 25 2.26 Maine 25 7.62 Alaska 26 2.23 Alaska 26 7.57 California 27 2.19 New Hampshire 27 7.52 Nebraska 28 2.15 Minnesota 28 7.44 Wyoming 29 2.11 Hawaii3 29 7.43 Vermont 30 2.11 South Carolina 30 7.33 Louisiana 31 2.05 Pennsylvania 31 7.15 Iowa 32 1.99 Nevada 32 6.95 Arizona 33 1.97 New Mexico 33 6.87 North Carolina 34 1.96 Florida 34 6.86 Missouri 35 1.95 Arkansas 35 6.85 Delaware 36 1.91 North Carolina 36 6.72 Oklahoma 37 1.90 Georgia 37 6.44 Texas 38 1.86 Kentucky 38 6.39 Georgia 39 1.84 Delaware 39 6.33 Kentucky 40 1.81 Arizona 40 6.26 Utah 41 1.67 Iowa 41 6.24 South Dakota 42 1.65 California 42 6.00 Alabama 43 1.63 Alabama 43 5.99 Nevada 44 1.62 Texas 44 5.61 North Dakota 45 1.55 Oklahoma 45 5.59 Montana 46 1.39 Mississippi 46 5.55 Idaho 47 1.37 Vermont 47 5.45 West Virginia 48 1.31 Tennessee 48 5.24 Tennessee 49 1.28 North Dakota 49 4.64 Arkansas 50 1.09 Montana 50 4.53 Mississippi 51 0.91 West Virginia 51 4.24 † Not applicable. Appendix A—Public Library State Ranking Tables 2The District of Columbia, while not a state, is included in the state rankings. Special care should be used in comparing its data to state data. 3Caution should be used in making comparisons with the state of Hawaii, as Hawaii reports only one public library for the entire state. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 1An "ALA-MLS" is a master’s degree from a program of library and information studies accredited by the American Library Association. Per 25,000 population is based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. Table A7. Number of paid full-time-equivalent (FTE) librarians with an "ALA-MLS" and other paid Table A7. FTE staff of public libraries per 25,000 population, by state: Fiscal year 2008 165 State Ranking Total operating revenue per capita1 State Ranking State operating revenue per capita1 Total † $38.62 Total † $3.35 District of Columbia2 1 77.91 Ohio 1 39.08 Ohio 2 63.47 Hawaii3 2 24.43 Illinois 3 61.15 Rhode Island 3 8.26 New York 4 60.00 Pennsylvania 4 7.07 New Jersey 5 59.42 Maryland 5 6.06 Wyoming 6 53.51 West Virginia 6 4.95 Colorado 7 53.22 Delaware 7 4.01 Washington 8 52.05 Georgia 8 3.78 Connecticut 9 50.78 Mississippi 9 3.37 Oregon 10 50.61 Indiana 10 3.25 Indiana 11 50.60 New York 11 3.08 Maryland 12 48.21 Illinois 12 2.95 Alaska 13 46.85 Virginia 13 2.27 Kansas 14 45.83 South Carolina 14 2.22 Rhode Island 15 45.00 Louisiana 15 1.91 Michigan 16 44.72 North Carolina 16 1.87 Louisiana 17 41.98 Kentucky 17 1.79 Missouri 18 41.27 Arkansas 18 1.73 Massachusetts 19 40.68 Kansas 19 1.69 New Hampshire 20 39.45 Florida 20 1.67 Minnesota 21 37.73 New Mexico 21 1.64 Wisconsin 22 37.53 Minnesota 22 1.47 Nevada 23 37.12 Massachusetts 23 1.42 Nebraska 24 36.98 Alaska 24 1.37 Virginia 25 36.48 Nevada 25 1.34 Kentucky 26 36.08 North Dakota 26 1.26 Florida 27 35.23 Alabama 27 1.15 California 28 34.85 Michigan 28 1.02 Vermont 29 34.18 New Jersey 29 0.98 Iowa 30 33.44 Oklahoma 30 0.93 Delaware 31 32.90 Iowa 31 0.93 Maine 32 32.77 California 32 0.90 Utah 33 32.63 Idaho 33 0.85 Idaho 34 32.24 Missouri 34 0.84 South Dakota 35 31.00 Wisconsin 35 0.76 Oklahoma 36 30.91 Connecticut 36 0.55 Arizona 37 30.77 Nebraska 37 0.44 New Mexico 38 30.48 Montana 38 0.42 Pennsylvania 39 28.87 Utah 39 0.32 Hawaii3 40 27.59 Maine 40 0.31 South Carolina 41 25.92 Texas 41 0.23 Montana 42 24.90 Oregon 42 0.21 Arkansas 43 23.57 Wyoming 43 0.21 North Carolina 44 23.14 Washington 44 0.17 North Dakota 45 22.49 Vermont 45 0.14 Georgia 46 22.35 Arizona 46 0.10 Alabama 47 22.21 Tennessee 47 0.07 Texas 48 20.21 Colorado 48 0.03 West Virginia 49 18.47 New Hampshire 49 0.02 Tennessee 50 17.08 South Dakota 50 0.01 Mississippi 51 16.43 District of Columbia2 51 0 † Not applicable. Appendix A—Public Library State Ranking Tables 2The District of Columbia, while not a state, is included in the state rankings. Special care should be used in comparing its data to state data. 3Caution should be used in making comparisons with the state of Hawaii, as Hawaii reports only one public library for the entire state. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 1Total revenue includes federal, state, local, and other revenue. State rankings of federal revenue are not included in this report. Per capita is based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. Table A8. Total and state operating revenue of public libraries per capita, by state: Fiscal year 2008 166 State Ranking Local operating revenue per capita1 State Ranking Other operating revenue per capita1 Total † $31.94 Total † $3.16 District of Columbia2 1 75.75 Vermont 1 9.73 New Jersey 2 55.83 Nevada 2 8.64 Illinois 3 52.91 Maine 3 8.33 Washington 4 49.91 Maryland 4 7.69 New York 5 49.30 New York 5 7.34 Wyoming 6 48.88 Connecticut 6 7.20 Colorado 7 48.77 Ohio 7 6.64 Oregon 8 47.18 Rhode Island 8 5.47 Indiana 9 43.71 Illinois 9 5.03 Connecticut 10 42.99 Colorado 10 4.37 Alaska 11 41.73 Wyoming 11 4.31 Michigan 12 40.63 Pennsylvania 12 4.16 Kansas 13 39.91 Kansas 13 4.11 Missouri 14 36.54 Massachusetts 14 3.66 New Hampshire 15 36.48 Missouri 15 3.53 Louisiana 16 36.09 Indiana 16 3.52 Massachusetts 17 35.24 Minnesota 17 3.25 Wisconsin 18 34.60 Michigan 18 3.05 Maryland 19 33.96 Oregon 19 3.01 Nebraska 20 33.78 Idaho 20 2.97 Minnesota 21 32.92 Iowa 21 2.95 Virginia 22 32.38 New Hampshire 22 2.94 Florida 23 31.96 Kentucky 23 2.87 California 24 31.38 Louisiana 24 2.74 Kentucky 25 31.25 Nebraska 25 2.58 Rhode Island 26 30.97 Montana 26 2.54 Utah 27 30.44 New Jersey 27 2.49 Iowa 28 29.37 North Dakota 28 2.47 South Dakota 29 29.26 California 29 2.46 Arizona 30 28.61 Alabama 30 2.33 Idaho 31 28.29 Alaska 31 2.27 Oklahoma 32 28.08 Hawaii3 32 2.19 New Mexico 33 27.11 Wisconsin 33 1.99 Delaware 34 26.91 Delaware 34 1.98 Nevada 35 26.68 Arizona 35 1.90 Vermont 36 24.26 Washington 36 1.88 Maine 37 24.13 Mississippi 37 1.84 South Carolina 38 22.30 Oklahoma 38 1.81 Montana 39 21.90 West Virginia 39 1.75 Arkansas 40 20.31 Virginia 40 1.75 North Carolina 41 19.46 Utah 41 1.73 Texas 42 19.07 South Dakota 42 1.66 North Dakota 43 18.75 North Carolina 43 1.66 Alabama 44 18.42 Florida 44 1.57 Ohio 45 17.74 New Mexico 45 1.51 Georgia 46 17.29 Arkansas 46 1.50 Pennsylvania 47 17.27 Tennessee 47 1.38 Tennessee 48 15.57 South Carolina 48 1.28 West Virginia 49 11.63 Georgia 49 1.23 Mississippi 50 11.08 Texas 50 0.86 Hawaii3 51 0 District of Columbia2 51 0.59 † Not applicable. 1Per capita is based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. Appendix A—Public Library State Ranking Tables 2The District of Columbia, while not a state, is included in the state rankings. Special care should be used in comparing its data to state data. 3Caution should be used in making comparisons with the state of Hawaii, as Hawaii reports only one public library for the entire state. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Table A9. Local and other operating revenue of public libraries per capita, by state: Fiscal year 2008 167 State Ranking Total operating expenditures per capita1 State Ranking Total collection expenditures per capita1 Total † $36.36 Total † $4.67 District of Columbia2 1 78.08 Ohio 1 9.78 Ohio 2 62.77 District of Columbia2 2 7.49 New York 3 57.78 Indiana 3 7.13 Illinois 4 55.83 Illinois 4 7.04 New Jersey 5 55.46 Washington 5 7.04 Wyoming 6 52.92 Maryland 6 6.74 Washington 7 52.24 Missouri 7 6.45 Connecticut 8 51.69 New York 8 6.40 Indiana 9 49.87 Colorado 9 6.25 Maryland 10 46.99 New Jersey 10 6.21 Colorado 11 46.60 Kansas 11 6.15 Oregon 12 46.56 Wyoming 12 5.93 Alaska 13 45.57 Nevada 13 5.89 Kansas 14 44.26 Massachusetts 14 5.83 Rhode Island 15 42.55 Connecticut 15 5.80 Massachusetts 16 41.88 Utah 16 5.42 New Hampshire 17 38.71 Nebraska 17 5.26 Michigan 18 38.60 Oregon 18 5.12 Minnesota 19 36.87 Iowa 19 4.85 Missouri 20 36.81 Michigan 20 4.82 Wisconsin 21 36.81 New Hampshire 21 4.79 Virginia 22 35.52 Rhode Island 22 4.65 Nebraska 23 34.59 Alaska 23 4.46 Iowa 24 33.41 Wisconsin 24 4.39 California 25 33.03 South Dakota 25 4.34 Maine 26 32.62 Minnesota 26 4.33 Vermont 27 32.45 Virginia 27 4.32 Louisiana 28 32.34 Delaware 28 4.20 Utah 29 32.05 New Mexico 29 4.17 Nevada 30 31.59 Arizona 30 4.16 Florida 31 30.55 Pennsylvania 31 4.10 Delaware 32 30.45 South Carolina 32 4.00 South Dakota 33 28.83 Oklahoma 33 3.97 New Mexico 34 28.44 Florida 34 3.95 Pennsylvania 35 28.35 Hawaii3 35 3.92 Oklahoma 36 28.11 Kentucky 36 3.82 Idaho 37 27.82 Vermont 37 3.78 Kentucky 38 27.02 North Dakota 38 3.72 Arizona 39 26.31 Idaho 39 3.63 Hawaii3 40 26.30 Louisiana 40 3.54 South Carolina 41 25.32 Maine 41 3.50 Montana 42 22.37 California 42 3.36 North Dakota 43 22.26 Arkansas 43 3.17 North Carolina 44 22.12 Georgia 44 3.13 Georgia 45 21.70 Montana 45 3.00 Arkansas 46 21.45 North Carolina 46 2.81 Alabama 47 21.00 Texas 47 2.81 Texas 48 19.68 Alabama 48 2.71 Tennessee 49 16.73 West Virginia 49 2.33 West Virginia 50 16.40 Tennessee 50 1.83 Mississippi 51 15.30 Mississippi 51 1.63 † Not applicable. Appendix A—Public Library State Ranking Tables 2The District of Columbia, while not a state, is included in the state rankings. Special care should be used in comparing its data to state data. 3Caution should be used in making comparisons with the state of Hawaii, as Hawaii reports only one public library for the entire state. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 1Total operating expenditures includes total staff expenditures, collection expenditures, and other operating expenditures. State rankings of other operating expenditures are not included in this report. Per capita is based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. Table A10. Total operating expenditures and collection expenditures of public libraries per capita, by state: Table A10. Fiscal year 2008 168 State Ranking Total staff expenditures per capita1 State Ranking Salaries and wages expenditures per capita1 Total † $23.89 Total † $18.22 District of Columbia2 1 44.30 District of Columbia2 1 37.86 Ohio 2 40.47 Ohio 2 30.99 New York 3 39.88 Connecticut 3 30.22 New Jersey 4 38.04 New York 4 30.05 Wyoming 5 37.22 Illinois 5 28.34 Connecticut 6 36.22 New Jersey 6 28.28 Illinois 7 34.66 Wyoming 7 27.92 Washington 8 34.06 Washington 8 25.92 Maryland 9 32.15 Massachusetts 9 25.22 Indiana 10 31.35 Indiana 10 24.50 Oregon 11 30.70 Maryland 11 24.09 Rhode Island 12 30.64 Rhode Island 12 23.88 Alaska 13 29.87 Colorado 13 23.47 Colorado 14 29.68 Kansas 14 22.63 Massachusetts 15 29.01 New Hampshire 15 22.04 Kansas 16 28.05 Oregon 16 20.87 New Hampshire 17 27.73 Alaska 17 18.96 Wisconsin 18 25.62 Minnesota 18 18.82 Minnesota 19 24.91 Virginia 19 18.71 Michigan 20 24.54 Wisconsin 20 18.57 Virginia 21 24.20 Michigan 21 18.03 Nebraska 22 22.54 Maine 22 17.77 Missouri 23 22.50 Missouri 23 17.67 California 24 22.21 Nebraska 24 17.54 Maine 25 22.00 Hawaii3 25 17.53 Iowa 26 21.98 Iowa 26 17.16 Vermont 27 20.84 Vermont 27 16.85 Utah 28 20.67 California 28 15.97 South Dakota 29 20.07 South Dakota 29 15.63 Nevada 30 20.00 Nevada 30 15.09 Delaware 31 19.50 Utah 31 15.04 Idaho 32 18.75 Delaware 32 14.71 Louisiana 33 18.74 Idaho 33 14.41 New Mexico 34 18.49 Louisiana 34 14.36 Florida 35 18.46 Florida 35 14.01 Pennsylvania 36 17.84 Oklahoma 36 13.74 Oklahoma 37 17.75 Pennsylvania 37 13.70 Hawaii3 38 17.64 New Mexico 38 12.94 Arizona 39 16.57 Arizona 39 12.47 South Carolina 40 16.51 Kentucky 40 12.41 Kentucky 41 16.46 South Carolina 41 12.38 North Carolina 42 15.36 North Carolina 42 11.79 Montana 43 14.66 Montana 43 11.19 Georgia 44 14.65 Alabama 44 11.14 Alabama 45 13.75 Georgia 45 10.95 North Dakota 46 13.49 North Dakota 46 10.86 Texas 47 13.25 Texas 47 10.02 Arkansas 48 12.42 Arkansas 48 9.79 Tennessee 49 11.23 Tennessee 49 8.79 West Virginia 50 10.64 West Virginia 50 8.15 Mississippi 51 10.41 Mississippi 51 7.75 † Not applicable. Appendix A—Public Library State Ranking Tables 2The District of Columbia, while not a state, is included in the state rankings. Special care should be used in comparing its data to state data. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 3Caution should be used in making comparisons with the state of Hawaii, as Hawaii reports only one public library for the entire state. 1Total staff expenditures include expenditures for salaries and wages and employee benefits. State rankings of employee benefits expenditures are not included in this report. Per capita is based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. Table A11. Total staff expenditures and salaries and wages expenditures of public libraries per capita, by state: Fiscal year 2008 169 Table A12. Number of registered borrowers of public libraries State Ranking Number of registered borrowers per capita1 Total † 0.57 Nebraska 1 0.78 Kansas 2 0.77 Minnesota 3 0.76 New Mexico 4 0.76 Oklahoma 5 0.71 Ohio 6 0.71 Indiana 7 0.69 Hawaii3 8 0.68 Washington 9 0.68 Iowa 10 0.68 Wyoming 11 0.66 Utah 12 0.66 Wisconsin 13 0.65 Maine 14 0.64 Vermont 15 0.63 Connecticut 16 0.62 Missouri 17 0.60 New York 18 0.59 Virginia 19 0.58 Arizona 20 0.58 Maryland 21 0.58 Oregon 22 0.57 South Dakota 23 0.57 Alaska 24 0.57 Massachusetts 25 0.57 Arkansas 26 0.56 Louisiana 27 0.56 Florida 28 0.56 North Carolina 29 0.56 Colorado 30 0.56 California 31 0.55 Kentucky 32 0.55 Idaho 33 0.54 New Jersey 34 0.54 Texas 35 0.53 New Hampshire 36 0.53 Delaware 37 0.53 South Carolina 38 0.53 Alabama 39 0.52 Michigan 40 0.52 District of Columbia2 41 0.52 Montana 42 0.50 Tennessee 43 0.50 Rhode Island 44 0.49 Mississippi 45 0.48 North Dakota 46 0.47 Pennsylvania 47 0.47 Illinois 48 0.46 West Virginia 49 0.43 Nevada 50 0.41 Georgia 51 0.40 † Not applicable. 2The District of Columbia, while not a state, is included in the state rankings. Special care should be used in comparing its data to state data. 3Caution should be used in making comparisons with the state of Hawaii, as Hawaii reports only one public library for the entire state. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. Appendix A—Public Library State Ranking Tables Table A12. per capita, by state: Fiscal year 2008 1 Per capita is based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. 170 (Page is intentionally blank.) 171 Appendix B—Technical Notes Reporting Period The FY 2008 PLS requested data for state fiscal year 2008. In some states, the FY reporting period varies among local jurisdictions (these states are listed in the Other column in Table A–1 below). However, each public library provided data for a 12-month period. Note: The FY starting date and ending date of each public library are included on the data file. Table B–1. Reporting periods of public libraries: Fiscal Year 2008 July 2007 January 2008 through through June 2008 December 2008 Other 1 Arizona Arkansas Alabama 2 California Colorado Alaska 3 Connecticut Indiana District of Columbia 2 Delaware Kansas Florida 2 Georgia Louisiana Idaho 2 Hawaii Minnesota Illinois 11 Iowa North Dakota Maine 5 Kentucky New Jersey Michigan 6 Maryland Ohio Mississippi 2 Massachusetts South Dakota Missouri 7 Montana Washington Nebraska 4 Nevada Wisconsin New Hampshire 8 New Mexico Puerto Rico New York 9 North Carolina Pennsylvania 8 Oklahoma Texas 10 Oregon Utah 8 Rhode Island Vermont 3 South Carolina Guam 2 Tennessee Virginia West Virginia Wyoming 1The reporting period varies among localities for the states in this column; however, each public library provided data for a 12-month period. 2October 2007 to September 2008. 3January 2007 to September 2008. 4January 2007 to December 2008. 5April 2007 to December 2008. 6December 2006 to September 2008. 7October 2006 to December 2008. 8July 2007 to December 2008. 9March 2007 to December 2008. 10February 2007 to December 2008. 11October 2006 to June 2008. SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. 172 Calculations Included in the Tables Percentages rather than raw numbers are used in some tables to provide a clearer picture of data patterns. Percentage distributions may not sum to 100 due to rounding. To obtain a raw number from a percentage distribution table, multiply the percentage for the item by the total for the item. (The total may be in a different table.) For example, in Table 5, the number of public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia with municipal government as their legal basis is 4,878 (9,221 x 0.529). The percentages are rounded, so multiplying a percentage by a total may not give an exact count for a desired category. Selected tables include per capita values for some items and per 1,000 population or per 5,000 population values for others (e.g., Tables 8 and 11). Scales (per capita, per 1,000, etc.) were selected to provide the clearest display of differences across categories in the data. The calculations are based on the total unduplicated population of legal service areas (instead of the total population of legal service areas) in order to eliminate duplicative reporting due to overlapping service areas. The state population estimate was not used as the basis for the calculations because some states have unserved populations. See Population items below for more information. Caveats for Using the Data The data include imputations, at the unit and item levels, for nonresponding libraries. See the Imputation section for a discussion of the imputation methodology. Comparisons to data prior to FY 1992 should be made with caution, as earlier data do not include imputations for nonresponse, and the percentage of libraries responding to a given item varied widely among the states. State data comparisons should be made with caution because of differences in reporting periods (see Table B–1) and adherence to survey definitions. The definitions used by some states in collect- ing data from their public libraries may not be consistent with the PLS definitions. The 1994 NCES Report on Coverage Evaluations of the Public Library Statistics Program (NCES 94-430) and the 1995 NCES Report on Evaluation of Definitions Used in the Public Library Statistics Program (NCES 95-430) address issues of consistency in definitions among states. For information on these reports, visit the NCES web site at: http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/getpubcats.asp?sid=041#052. The District of Columbia, while not a state, is included in this report. Special care should be used in comparing data for a city to state data. Caution should also be used in comparing Hawaii’s data to other states as all public library data are reported under one entity, the Hawaii State Public Library System. Survey Items A few key survey items are discussed below. The definitions of items included in this report are provided in the survey questionnaire in Appendix C. Library visits and reference transactions. Public libraries reported annual library visits and annual reference transactions based on actual counts, if available. Otherwise, annual estimates were provided based on a typical week in October, multiplied by 52. Population items. The PLS has three population items: (1) Population of Legal Service Area for each public library, (2) Total Unduplicated Population of Legal Service Areas for each state, and (3) State Total Population Estimate. The population data are provided by the state library agency. The methods of calculation of the first two items vary significantly among states, and the state reporting periods also vary. The Total Unduplicated Population of Legal Service Areas does not include unserved areas and may vary from data provided by sources using standard methodology (e.g., the Census Bureau). The total Population of Legal Service Area for all public libraries in a state may exceed the state’s Total Unduplicated Population of Legal Service Areas or the State Total Population Estimate. This 173 happens in states where there are overlaps in population of legal service areas served by individual libraries, resulting in the same population being counted twice. Twenty-three states had such overlapping service areas in FY 2008. (See following table.) Table B–2. States with public libraries with overlapping Table B–2. service areas: Fiscal Year 2008 Arkansas Nebraska Connecticut New Hampshire Florida New Jersey Idaho New York Indiana Pennsylvania Kansas Rhode Island Louisiana South Dakota Maine Utah Massachusetts Vermont Michigan Virginia Minnesota Puerto Rico Mississippi SOURCE: Institute of Museum and Library Services, Survey of Public Libraries in the United States, Fiscal Year 2008. To enable meaningful state comparisons using total Population of Legal Service Area data (for example, the number of print materials per capita), the Population of Legal Service Area data were adjusted to eliminate duplicative reporting due to overlapping service areas. The Public Library Data File includes a derived unduplicated population of legal service area figure for each library for this purpose (the variable is called POPU_UND). This value was prorated for each library by calculating the ratio of a library's Population of Legal Service Area to the state's total Population of Legal Service Area and applying the ratio to the state's Total Unduplicated Population of Legal Service Areas. (The latter item is a single, state-reported figure found on the Public Library State Summary/State Characteristics Data File; the variable is called POPU_UND on this file also.) Paid Full-Time-Equivalent (FTE) Staff. Paid staff were reported in FTEs (Table 16). To ensure comparable data, 40 hours was set as the measure of full-time employment (for example, 60 hours per week of part-time work by employees in a staff category divided by the 40-hour measure equals 1.50 FTEs). FTE data were reported to two decimal places (rounded to one decimal place in the tables). Survey Universe The PLS is designed as a universe survey. The survey frame consists of 9,259 public libraries (9,221 public libraries in the 50 states and the District of Columbia and 38 public libraries in the outlying areas of Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands), as identified by state library agencies. (Public libraries in one outlying area, American Samoa, are not included in the survey frame because their state library agency has never responded to the request for participation in the survey. Because their public libraries have not been identified, they are not included in the response rate calculations.) The survey frame (and the survey response rates in the next section) includes 296 public libraries that do not meet all the criteria in the FSCS Public Library Definition (see Appendix C, item 203 of the Administrative Entity definitions for the criteria). These libraries are included because they qualify as public libraries under state law. Military libraries that provide public library service and libraries that serve residents of institutions are not included. Data were not systematically collected from public libraries on Native American reservations, although 48 such libraries were reported. 174 Survey Response Unit response. A total of 9,073 of the 9,259 public libraries in the survey frame responded to the FY 2008 PLS (including Guam and Puerto Rico), for a unit response rate of 98.0 percent. Respondents to the survey are defined as public libraries for which the following data were reported: population of the legal service area and at least three of the five following items: total paid employees, total operating revenue, total operating expenditures, print materials, and total circulation. (Note: Some individual survey items, such as population of legal service area, service outlets, and type of legal basis have a 100.0 percent response rate for their state because the state library agency provided these data for all public libraries in their state). Total response. The base for calculating response rates to individual survey items is the total number of libraries in the survey frame, including unit nonrespondents. Data File and Publication Response Rates. The total response rates on the data file differ from the total response rates in the published report because the nonresponding outlying areas of the Northern Mariana Islands and the Virgin Islands are included on the data file but are not included in the publication. The responding outlying areas of Guam and Puerto Rico are included in both the data file and the publication. The response rates for the outlying territories are not included in the national totals in the publication. Data Collection The FY 2008 PLS was released to the states over the Internet on December 10, 2008. States were placed into one of three reporting groups (with survey due dates of April 15, July 29, or August 26, 2009), based on their fiscal cycles or claim of extraordinary reporting hardship. States reported their data over the Internet via a web-based reporting system called WebPLUS (Web Public Library Universe System). WebPLUS was developed by the Census Bureau (the data collection agent). Edit follow-up was completed in December of 2009. The editing process is described below. Editing State level. The respondent generates an Edit Report following direct data entry or import of their data into WebPLUS. The Edit Report, which can be viewed on-screen or printed, is used to identify and correct any errors, and to confirm the accuracy of data that generated edit warnings but required no change, before submitting the final file to the Census Bureau. In the FY 2008 PLS, four types of edit checks were performed: 1. Relational edit checks. This is a data consistency check between related data elements. For example, an edit message is generated if the number of “ALA-MLS” Librarians (librarians with master’s degrees from programs of library and information studies accredited by the American Library Association) is greater than “Total Librarians”. 2. Out-of-range edit checks. This is a range check that compares the data reported for an item to the “acceptable range” of numeric values for the item. For example, an edit message is generated if average Public Service Hours per outlet per week is less than 11.16 or greater than 129.67, or if the current year/past year change in Children’s Circulation is less than 0.30 or greater than 3.44. 175 3. Arithmetic edit checks. This is an arithmetical accuracy check of a reported total and its parts to the generated total. For example, an edit message is generated if Total Operating Revenue is not equal to the sum of its parts (Local Government Revenue, State Government Revenue, Federal Government Revenue, and Other Revenue). 4. Blank, zero, or invalid data edit checks. This is a check of reported data against acceptable values. For example, an edit message is generated if the Reporting Period Start Date is missing, or Print Materials is 0, or the Legal Basis Code is not a valid code. The WebPLUS application generates state summary tables (showing state totals for all numeric data items) and single-library tables (showing data for individual public libraries in a state). Respondents were encouraged to review the tables for data quality issues before submitting their data to IMLS. State data submissions also included a signed form from the Chief Officer of the State Library Agency certifying the accuracy of the data. National level. The Census Bureau and IMLS reviewed and edited the state data submissions, working closely with the PLS State Data Coordinators. Imputation Imputation is a procedure for entering a value for a specific data item where the response is missing. This is done to give the researcher a complete data set, as well as to give estimates of totals for the entire universe. This section describes the imputation methods that were used to fill in the missing data items for the 2008 survey year. The responding and nonresponding libraries were sorted into imputation cells based on OBE region code and the size of the population. The cumulative root frequency method was used to determine the imputation cells. In survey year 2008, there were a total of 51 items subjected to imputations. The variable Registered Borrowers and the detail variables for Database (State Database, Local Database, and Other Database) were new items in survey year 2006. These variables were first imputed in survey year 2008. Data from 2006 and 2007 were used to impute these 4 new items. The other 47 items used data from survey years 2004 to 2007. The imputation for nonresponding libraries was performed using the data calculated from respondents in their imputation cells. Item imputation was performed on each record with items that were not reported. All imputed data are flagged. Imputations were performed in two distinct stages. In the first stage, imputations were carried out for nearly all missing values using the following methods: prior year data times the mean growth rate, adjusted cell mean, cell mean, prior year ratio, cell median ratio, direct substitution of prior year data, and cell median. In the second stage, imputed values were adjusted for some missing values (based on the variable) using the following methods: obtained value by relationship of total to detail items, raking, special imputations, and consistency checks. First Stage: Initial imputations One or more of the methods outlined below is used to impute for nearly all missing values in the list of targeted variables for the FY 2008 PLS data set. Only the missing values for TOTSTAFF were not imputed in the first stage. METHOD 1: Prior year multiplied by mean growth rate. The imputed value is equal to the prior year reported data times the cell mean growth rate. The growth rate is calculated by the mean of the growth rates of all the respondents in the imputation cells. It goes back as far as four years to find reported data. METHOD 2: Adjusted cell mean. The adjustment factor is the ratio of the library’s Population of Legal Service Area to the cell mean Population of Legal Service Area. The imputed value is equal to the cell mean of the item times the adjustment factor. 176 METHOD 3: Cell mean. The imputed value is equal to the mean of all respondents in a cell for that item. METHOD 4: Prior year ratio to another item. The imputed value is equal to the current year data of a highly correlated item times the ratio of prior year data for the item to be imputed to prior year’s data for the other item. METHOD 5: Cell median ratio with another item. The imputed value is equal to the current year data of a highly correlated item times the cell median ratio. The cell median ratio is calculated by finding the median of all ratios of the item to be imputed to the other item for all respondents in the cell. METHOD 6: Direct substitution of prior year data. METHOD 7: Cell median. The imputed value is equal to the median of all respondents in the cell for that item. Group One: A group of PLS variables was imputed using method 1 (the prior year data multiplied by the mean growth rate); if prior year reported data were not available then method 2 (the adjusted cell mean) was used; if the adjusted cell mean could not be calculated then method 3 (the cell mean) was used. Variables in this first group include: • Master (MASTER) • Librarians (LIBRARIA) • Other Paid Employees (OTHPAID) • Local Government (LOCGVT) • Total Operating Revenue (TOTINCM) • Salaries (SALARIES) • Total Staff Expenditures (STAFFEXP) • Other Materials Expenditures (OTHMATEX) • Total Collection Expenditures (TOTEXPCO) • Other Operating Expenditures (OTHOPEXP) • Total Operating Expenditures (TOTOPEXP) • Print Materials (BKVOL) • Audio (AUDIO) • Video (VIDEO) • Electronic Subscriptions (ESUBSCRP) • Library Visits (VISITS) • Total Circulation (TOTCIR) • Total Attendance at Library Programs (TOTATTEN) • Registered Borrowers (REGBOR) Group Two: A second group of variables was imputed using method 2 (adjusted cell mean); if the adjusted cell mean could not be calculated, then method 3 (the cell mean) was used. These variables include: • Total Capital Expenditures (CAPITAL) • Databases (DATABASE) • Print Subscriptions (SUBSCRIP) • Reference Transactions (REFERENC) 177 Group Three: A third group of variables was imputed using method 1 (prior year multiplied by mean growth rate); if prior year reported data was not available to calculate growth rates, then method 7 (cell median) was used. These variables include: • State Government (STGVT) • Other Revenue (OTHINCM) • Local Capital Revenue (LCAP_REV) • Total Capital Revenue (CAP_REV) • Electronic Books (EBOOK) • Other Databases (DB_OTH) Group Four: A fourth group of variables was imputed using only method 7 (cell median); these variables were: • Federal Government (FEDGVT) • State Capital Revenue (SCAP_REV) • Federal Capital Revenue (FCAP_REV) • Other Capital Revenue (OCAP_REV) • Local Databases (DB_LOC) Group Five: A fifth group of variables was imputed using method 4 (prior year ratio to another item); if prior year reported data were not available, then method 2 (adjusted cell mean) was used; if the adjusted cell mean could not be calculated, then method 3 (cell mean) was used. The variables in the fifth group, along with the highly correlated variable(s) in the prior year ratio, include: • Benefits (BENEFIT): o Total Staff Expenditures (STAFFEXP) • Electronic Materials Expenditures (ELMATEXP): o Total Collection Expenditures (TOTEXPCO) • Hours Open (HRS_OPEN): o Total number of outlets. The total number of outlets is equal to the sum of Central Library (CENTLIB), Branches (BRANLIB), and Bookmobiles (BKMOB). • Loans To (LOANTO): o Loans From (LOANFM) • General Public Terminals(GPTERMS): o Visits (VISITS) Group Six: A sixth group of variables was imputed using method 5 (cell median ratio with another item); if prior year reported data were not available, then method 2 (adjusted cell mean) was used; if the adjusted cell mean could not be calculated, then method 3 (cell mean) was used. The variables in the sixth group, along with the highly correlated variable(s) used in the cell median ratio, include: • Printed Material Expenditures (PRMATEXP): o Total Collection Expenditures (TOTEXPCO) • State Databases (DB_ST): o Database (DATABASE) • Children’s Circulation (KIDCIRCL): o Total Circulation (TOTCIR) • Loans From (LOANFM): o Loans To (LOANTO) 178 • Total Library Programs (TOTPRO): o Children’s Programs (KIDPRO) • Children’s Program Attendance (KIDATTEN): o Total Attendance at Library Programs (TOTATTEN) • Electronic Users (PITUSR): o General Public Terminals (GPTERMS) The Children’s Program (KIDPRO) variable can be considered part of both Groups One and Six. If missing values are imputed using method 5, then the Total Library Programs (TOTPRO) is used as the highly correlated value in the cell median calculations. Second Stage: Adjustments The methods listed below adjust imputations for some of the missing values, based on the PLS variable. These adjustments verify that detail items sum to totals, making corrections as necessary. METHOD 8: Obtained value by relationship of total to detail items. The imputed value of a total is adjusted using its relationship with reported detail items. METHOD 9: Raking of detail items to match total. The imputed value for a detail item is adjusted by raking methods so that it matches a reported total. METHOD 10: Special impute for an item. The imputed value of an item is adjusted using its relationship with another reported item. METHOD 11: Changed by consistency check. The imputed value is adjusted using customized consistency checks specific to that variable. Group One: These variables were adjusted using method 8 (Obtained value by relationship of total to detail items) or method 9 (Raking) after the initial stage of imputation: • Other Paid Employees (OTHPAID) • Local Capital Revenue (LCAP_REV) • State Capital Revenue (SCAP_REV) • Federal Capital Revenue (FCAP_REV) • Other Capital Revenue (OCAP_REV) Group Two: These variables were adjusted using method 8 (Obtained value by relationship of total to detail items) after the initial stage of imputation: • Total Staff (TOTSTAFF) • Salaries (SALARIES) • Benefits (BENEFIT) • Total Staff Expenditures (STAFFEXP) • Print Materials Expenditures (PRMATEXP) • Total Collection Expenditures (TOTEXPCO) • Other Operating Expenditures (OTHOPEXP) • Total Operating Expenditures (TOTOPEXP) • Total Capital Revenue (CAP_REV) 179 • Other Databases (DB_OTH) • Databases (DATABASE) Group Three: These variables were adjusted using method 9 (Raking) after the initial stage of imputation: • State Databases (DB_ST) • Local Databases (DB_LOC) • Other Databases (DB_OTH) Group Four: These variables are adjusted using method 10 (Special Impute) after the initial stage of imputation: • Total Capital Expenditures (CAPITAL) • Hours Open (HRS_OPEN) Group Five: These variables are adjusted using method 11 (Consistency Check) after the initial stage of imputation: • Total Circulation (TOTCIR) • Loans From (LOANFM) • Total Library Programs (TOTPRO) • Children’s Programs (KIDPRO) • Total Attendance at Library Programs (TOTATTEN) • Children’s Program Attendance (KIDATTEN) • General Public Terminals (GPTERMS) • Electronic Users (PITUSR) The variable Librarians (LIBRARIA) is adjusted using methods 8 (Obtained value by relationship of total to detail items), 9 (Raking), or 11 (Consistency Check) after the initial stage of imputation. The variable Master (MASTER) is adjusted using methods 8 (Obtained value by relationship of total to detail items), or 11 (Consistency Check) after the initial stage of imputation. Nonsampling Errors Because all units in the universe are surveyed, the data are not subject to sampling error, but they are subject to nonsampling errors, such as errors in response, nonresponse errors, coverage errors arising from an incomplete listing of public libraries, coding errors, or processing errors. Every effort is made to mitigate such errors. The editing efforts described above are designed to decrease the number of errors due to inaccurate response or due to processing problems. Imputation lessens the effect of nonresponse. Efforts are made to obtain complete listings of public libraries from the state library agencies. Although such efforts are made, some nonsampling error likely remains in the data. 180 Appendix C—Survey Questionnaire State Characteristics Item No. Item Current Year Prior Year 100 Reporting Period Start Date (MM/YYYY) 101 Reporting Period End Date (MM/YYYY) 102 State Total Population Estimate 103 Total Unduplicated Population of Legal Service Areas Administrative Entity – Name/Addresses Item No. Item Current Year Prior Year 150 FSCS ID 151 LIB ID 152 Library Name 152a Name Status Street Address 153 Address 153a Address status 154 City 155 ZIP Code 156 ZIP+4 Mailing Address 157 Address 158 City 159 ZIP Code 160 ZIP+4 181 Administrative Entity – Other Identification Item No. Item Current Year Prior Year 161 County 162 Phone 163 Web Address 200 Interlibrary Relationship Code ∇ 201 Legal Basis Code ∇ 202 Administrative Structure Code ∇ 203 FSCS Public Library Definition ∇ 204 Geographic Code ∇ 205 Legal Service Area Boundary Change ∇ 206 Reporting Period Start Date (MM/DD/YYYY) 207 Reporting Period End Date (MM/DD/YYYY) Administrative Entity – Population/Outlets/Staff Item No. Item Current Year Prior Year 208 Population of the Legal Service Area Service Outlets 209 Number of Centrals 210 Number of Branches 211 Number of Bookmobiles Paid Staff (Full-Time Equivalent) 250 ALA-MLS Librarians 251 Total Librarians 252 All Other Paid Staff 253 Total Paid Employees 182 Administrative Entity – Operating Revenue Item No. Item Current Year Prior Year 300 Local Government Operating Revenue 301 State Government Operating Revenue 302 Federal Government Operating Revenue 303 Other Operating Revenue 304 Total Operating Revenue Administrative Entity – Operating Expenditures Item No. Item Current Year Prior Year Staff Expenditures 350 Salaries and Wages Expenditures 351 Employee Benefits 352 Total Staff Expenditures Collection Expenditures 353 Print Materials Expenditures 354 Electronic Materials Expenditures 355 Other Materials Expenditures 356 Total Collection Expenditures 357 Other Operating Expenditures 358 Total Operating Expenditures Administrative Entity – Capital Item No. Item Current Year Prior Year Capital Revenue 400 Local Government Capital Revenue 401 State Government Capital Revenue 402 Federal Government Capital Revenue 403 Other Capital Revenue 404 Total Capital Revenue Capital Expenditures 405 Total Capital Expenditures 183 Administrative Entity – Library Collections Item No. Item Current Year Prior Year 450 Print Materials 451 Electronic Books 452 Audio 453 Video Licensed Databases 454 Local 455 State (state government or state library) 456 Other cooperative agreements (or consortia) within state or region 457 Total Licensed Databases 458 Current Print Serial Subscriptions 459 Current Electronic Serial Subscriptions Administrative Entity – Service Measures Item No. Item Current Year Prior Year 500 Public Service Hours Per Year 501 Library Visits 502 Reference Transactions 503 Registered Borrowers 550 Total Circulation 551 Children's Circulations 552 Interlibrary Loans Provided to 553 Interlibrary Loans Received From Administrative Entity – Programs/Other Electronic Item No. Item Current Year Prior Year Library Programs 600 Total Library Programs 601 Children's Programs 602 Total Program Attendance 603 Children's Program Attendance Other Electronic Information 650 Internet Terminals Used by the General Public 651 Users of Public Internet Computers Per Year 184 Outlet Item No. Item Current Year Prior Year 700 FSCS ID and SEQ 700a 701 LIB ID 702 Name 702a Name Status Street Address 703 Address 703a Address Status 704 City 705 ZIP Code 706 ZIP+4 707 County 708 Phone 709 Outlet Type Code ∇ 710 Metropolitan Status Code ∇ 711 Square Footage of Outlet 712 Number of Bookmobiles 185 State Characteristics Data Element Definitions Note: The items below are answered by the state library agency. # Data Element Name Data Element Definition 100 Reporting Period Starting Date This is the earliest date (month and year) for a 12-month period that applies to the state's data being submitted to IMLS. Note: Reporting period means data for the fiscal year that ended in the previous calendar year. If data are collected for different local reporting periods, provide the earliest starting date. 101 Reporting Period Ending Date This is the latest date (month and year) for a 12-month period that applies to the state's data being submitted to IMLS. Note: Reporting period means data for the fiscal year that ended in the previous calendar year. If data are collected for different local reporting periods, provide the latest ending date. 102 State Total Population Estimate This is the most recent total population figure for your state that matches the local population figures that you are submitting to IMLS. The State Data Coordinator should obtain this figure annual- ly from the State Data Center or other official state sources. 103 Total Unduplicated Population of Legal Service Areas This is the total unduplicated population of those areas in your state that receive library services. The population of unserved areas is not included in this figure. Note: A state’s actual total population of legal service areas may be different from the total population of legal service areas as calculated by WebPLUS. This happens in states where there are overlaps in population of legal service areas served by individual libraries, resulting in the same population being counted twice in the WebPLUS calculation. For states that have no overlapping jurisdic- tions, this number will be identical to your state’s total population of legal service areas as calculated by WebPLUS. For states that do have overlaps in population of legal service areas served by individual libraries, this number must be calculated separately. Use your state’s most recent official state population figures for jurisdictions in your state as the basis for calculating the total unduplicated population of legal service areas. 186 Administrative Entity Data Element Definitions Administrative Entity. (This is not a WebPLUS Data Element.) This is the agency that is legally established under local or state law to provide public library service to the population of a local jurisdiction. The administrative entity may have a single outlet, or it may have more than one outlet. # Data Element Name Data Element Definition 150 FSCS ID (Automatic Display) This is the identification code assigned by WebPLUS to the administrative entity. 151 LIB ID This is the state-assigned identification code for the administrative entity. 152 Name This is the legal name of the administrative entity. Note: Provide the name of the public library. Do not use acronyms. Do not abbreviate the name unless it exceeds the WebPLUS field length of 60 characters. Avoid abbreviations at the beginning of the name and do not punctuate abbreviations. (See Standard Abbreviations for WebPLUS in Appendix I.) Street Address 153 Street Address This is the complete street address of the administrative entity. Note: Do not report a post office box or general delivery. 154 City (of street address) This is the city or town in which the administrative entity is located. 155 ZIP Code (of street address) This is the standard five-digit postal zip code for the street address of the administrative entity. 156 ZIP+4 (of street address) This is the four-digit postal ZIP code extension for the street address of the administrative entity. Mailing Address 157 Mailing Address This is the mailing address of the administrative entity. 158 City (of mailing address) This is the city or town of the mailing address for the administrative entity. 159 ZIP Code (of mailing address) This is the standard five-digit postal ZIP code for the mailing address of the administrative entity. 160 ZIP+4 (of mailing address) This is the four-digit postal ZIP code extension for the mailing address of the administrative entity. 161 County of the Entity This is the county in which the headquarters of the administrative entity is located. 187 162 Phone This is the telephone number of the administrative entity, including area code. Note: Report telephone number without spacing or punctuation. If the Administrative Entity has no phone, enter “–3” (for Not Applicable). 163 Web Address This is the Web address of the administrative entity. http:// Note: If the Administrative Entity has no web address, enter “–3” (for Not Applicable). 200 Interlibrary Relationship Code Select one of the following: HQ—Headquarters of a Federation or Cooperative. The library or entity that provides the physical space and staff who manage, coordinate, or administer the programs of the federation or cooperative. Note: Agencies that serve other libraries rather than the public should not be reported to FSCS. ME—Member of a Federation or Cooperative. An autonomous library joined by formal or informal agreement(s) with (a) other autonomous libraries in the same state to perform various services cooperatively, such as resource sharing, communications, etc., and (b) libraries that are part of national, multi-state or statewide library federations or cooperatives. (Do not include OCLC.) Do not include multiple-outlet administrative entities (e.g., libraries with branches and that have the word "system" in their legal name) if the entity does not have an agreement with another autonomous library. NO—Not a Member of a Federation or Cooperative. 201 Legal Basis Code The legal basis is the type of local government structure within which the entity functions. It reflects the state or local law, which authorizes the library. Select one of the following: CC—City/County. A multi-jurisdictional entity that is operated jointly by a county and a city. CI—Municipal Government (city, town or village). A municipal government is an organized local government authorized in a state’s constitution and statutes and established to provide general gov- ernment for a specific concentration of population in a defined area. CO—County/Parish. An organized local government authorized in a state’s constitution and statutes and established to provide general government. 188 LD—Library District. A library district is a local entity other than a county, municipality, township, or school district that is authorized by state law to establish and operate a public library as defined by FSCS. It has sufficient administrative and fiscal autonomy to qualify as a separate government. Fiscal autonomy requires support from local taxation dedicated to library purposes (e.g., a library tax). MJ—Multi-jurisdictional. An entity operated jointly by two or more units of local government under an intergovernmental agreement which creates a jointly appointed board or similar means of joint governance; to be distinguished from a library which contracts to serve other jurisdictions and from special library districts. Note: Please put city/county combinations under ‘CC’, rather than under Multi-jurisdictional. NL—Native American Tribal Government. An organized local government authorized and established to provide general govern- ment to residents of a Native American reservation. Note: Include native Alaskan villages in this category. NP—Non-profit Association or Agency. An entity privately controlled but meeting the statutory definition of a public library in a given state; includes association libraries. SD—School District. An organized local entity providing public elementary, secondary, and/or higher education which, under state law, has sufficient administrative and fiscal autonomy to qualify as a separate government. Excludes "dependent public school systems" of county, municipal, township, or state governments. OT—Other. 202 Administrative Structure Code This code identifies an autonomous library entity (administrative entity) that has its own governance and funding. An administrative entity is the agency that is legally established under local or state law to provide public library service to the population of a local jurisdiction. The administrative entity may have a single outlet, or it may have more than one outlet. Select one of the following: MA—Administrative Entity with Multiple Direct Service Outlets where Administrative Offices are separate. An administrative entity that serves the public directly with two or more service outlets, including some combination of one central library, branch(es), bookmobile(s), and/or books-by-mail only. The administrative offices are separate from the direct service outlets and do not provide direct library services. 189 MO—Administrative Entity with Multiple Direct Service Outlets where Administrative Offices are Not Separate. An administrative entity that serves the public directly with two or more service outlets, including some combination of one central library, branch(es), bookmobile(s), and/or books-by-mail only. SO—Administrative Entity with a Single Direct Service Outlet. An administrative entity that serves the public directly with one central li- brary, books-by-mail only, or one bookmobile. 203 FSCS Public Library Definition Answer <Y>es or <N>o to the following question: “Does this public library meet all the criteria of the FSCS public library definition?” A public library is an entity that is established under state enabling laws or regulations to serve a community, district, or region, and that provides at least the following: 1. An organized collection of printed or other library materials, or a combination thereof; 2. Paid staff; 3. An established schedule in which services of the staff are available to the public; 4. The facilities necessary to support such a collection, staff, and schedule; and 5. Is supported in whole or in part with public funds. Note: If the library meets all of the requirements of this definition, respond with a <Y>es. If the library does not meet one or more of the requirements, respond with a <N>o. 204 Geographic Code Choose from among the following types of readily available Census Bureau geography, one code that either exactly or most nearly describes the geographic area for which the public library has been established to offer services and from which (or on behalf of which) the library derives revenue, plus any areas served under contract for which the library is the primary service provider. Note: The Population of Legal Service Area (data element #208) should be reflected in the geographic code selected. For further clarification of municipal government, county/parish, and school district, refer to definitions under Legal Basis Code (data element #201). For further clarification of metropolitan area, see Metropolitan Status Code “NC—Metropolitan Area, but Not Within Central City Limits” (data element #710—Outlet Data Element Definitions). 190 CI1—Municipal Government (city, town or village) (exactly) CI2—Municipal Government (city, town or village) (most nearly) CO1—County/Parish (exactly) CO2—County/Parish (most nearly) MA1—Metropolitan Area (exactly) MA2—Metropolitan Area (most nearly) MC1—Multi-County (exactly) MC2—Multi-County (most nearly) SD1—School District (exactly) SD2—School District (most nearly) OTH—Other 205 Legal Service Area Boundary Change Answer <Y>es or <N>o to the following question: “Did the administrative entity’s legal service area boundaries change since last year?” Note: Changes are likely to result, for example, when a municipality annexes land, when one municipality in a county becomes either an independent city or its own county necessitating its exclusion from the first county’s geography, or when an administrative entity contracts to provide public library service for some additional geographic area other than the geographic area for which it was established (e.g., a municipal library contracts to serve county residents). 206 Reporting Period Starting Date This is the starting date (month, day, and year) for a 12-month period that applies to the administrative entity’s data being submitted to IMLS. Note: Reporting period means data for the fiscal year that ended in the previous calendar year. 207 Reporting Period Ending Date This is the ending date (month, day, and year) for a 12-month period that applies to the administrative entity’s data being submitted to IMLS. Note: Reporting period means data for the fiscal year that ended in the previous calendar year. 208 Population of the Legal Service Area The number of people in the geographic area for which a public library has been established to offer services and from which (or on behalf of which) the library derives revenue, plus any areas served under contract for which the library is the primary service provider. Note: The determination of this population figure shall be the respon- sibility of the state library agency. This population figure should be based on the most recent official state population figures for jurisdic- tions in your state available from the State Data Center. The State Data Coordinator should obtain these figures annually from the State Data Center or other official state sources. 191 209 Number of Central Libraries This is one type of single outlet library (SO) or the library, which is the operational center of a multiple-outlet library (MO or MA). Usually all processing is centralized here and the principal collections are housed here. Synonymous with main library. Note: Each administrative entity may report either no central library or one central library. No administrative entity may report more than one central library. In the administrative entity file, this simply means reporting “0” or “1” for central library. Where two or more libraries are considered “centrals” for state or local purposes, one central library and one or more branch libraries should be reported. If you wish to identify a central library in the outlet file, identify the library with the largest collection as the central library, and report all others as branches. Where there are several co-equal outlets and no principal collection, report all such outlets as branches, not central libraries. 210 Number of Branch Libraries A branch library is an auxiliary unit of an administrative entity which has at least all of the following: 1. Separate quarters; 2. An organized collection of library materials; 3. Paid staff; and 4. Regularly scheduled hours for being open to the public. 211 Number of Bookmobiles A bookmobile is a traveling branch library. It consists of at least all of the following: 1. A truck or van that carries an organized collection of library materials; 2. Paid staff; and 3. Regularly scheduled hours (bookmobile stops) for being open to the public. Note: Count the number of vehicles in use, not the number of stops the vehicle makes. PAID STAFF (FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT) Report figures as of the last day of the fiscal year. Include all positions funded in the library’s budget whether those positions are filled or not. To ensure comparable data, 40 hours per week has been set as the measure of full-time employment (FTE). For example, 60 hours per week of part-time work by employees in a staff category divided by the 40-hour measure equals 1.50 FTEs. 250 ALA-MLS Librarians with Master’s degrees from programs of library and information studies accredited by the American Library Association. 251 Total Librarians Persons with the title of librarian who do paid work that usually requires professional training and skill in the theoretical or scientific aspects of library work, or both, as distinct from its mechanical or clerical aspect. This data element also includes ALA-MLS (data ele- ment #250). 252 All Other Paid Staff This includes all other FTE employees paid from the reporting unit budget, including plant operations, security, and maintenance staff. 192 253 Total Paid Employees This is the sum of Total Librarians and All Other Paid Staff (data elements #251 and #252). OPERATING REVENUE Report revenue used for operating expenditures as defined below. Include federal, state, local, or other grants. DO NOT include revenue for major capital expenditures, contributions to endowments, revenue passed through to another agency (e.g., fines), or funds unspent in the previous fiscal year (e.g., carryover). (Funds transferred from one public library to another public library should be reported by only one of the public libraries. The State Data Coordinator shall determine which library will report these funds.) 300 Local Government Revenue This includes all local government funds designated by the commu- nity, district, or region and available for expenditure by the public li- brary. Do not include the value of any contributed or in-kind services or the value of any gifts and donations, library fines, fees, or grants. Do not include state, federal, and other funds passed through local government for library use. Report these funds with state government revenue or federal government revenue, as appropriate. 301 State Government Revenue These are all funds distributed to public libraries by state government for expenditure by the public libraries, except for federal money distributed by the state. This includes funds from such sources as penal fines, license fees, and mineral rights. Note: If operating revenue from consolidated taxes is the result of state legislation, the revenue should be reported under state revenue (even though the revenue may be from multiple sources). 302 Federal Government Revenue This includes all federal government funds distributed to public libraries for expenditure by the public libraries, including federal money distributed by the state. 303 Other Operating Revenue This is all operating revenue other than that reported under local, state, and federal (data elements #300, #301, and #302). Include, for example, monetary gifts and donations received in the current year, interest, library fines, fees for library services, or grants. Do not include the value of any contributed or in-kind services or the value of any non-monetary gifts and donations. 304 Total Operating Revenue This is the sum of Local Government Revenue, State Government Revenue, Federal Government Revenue, and Other Operating Revenue (data elements #300 through #303). 193 OPERATING EXPENDITURES Operating expenditures are the current and recurrent costs necessary to support the provision of library services. Significant costs, especially benefits and salaries, that are paid by other taxing agencies (government agencies with the authority to levy taxes) "on behalf of" the library may be included if the information is available to the reporting agency. Only such funds that are supported by expenditure documents (such as invoices, contracts, payroll records, etc.) at the point of disbursement should be included. Do not report the value of free items as expenditures. Do not report estimated costs as expenditures. Do not report capital expenditures under this category. Staff Expenditures 350 Salaries & Wages Expenditures This includes salaries and wages for all library staff (including plant operations, security, and maintenance staff) for the fiscal year. In- clude salaries and wages before deductions but exclude employee benefits. 351 Employee Benefits Expenditures These are the benefits outside of salaries and wages paid and accruing to employees (including plant operations, security, and maintenance staff), regardless of whether the benefits or equivalent cash options are available to all employees. Include amounts for di- rect paid employee benefits including Social Security, retirement, medical insurance, life insurance, guaranteed disability income protection, unemployment compensation, workmen’s compensation, tuition, and housing benefits. 352 Total Staff Expenditures This is the sum of Salaries & Wages Expenditures and Employee Benefits Expenditures (data elements #350 and #351). Collection Expenditures This includes all operating expenditures from the library budget for all materials in print, microform, electronic, and other formats considered part of the collection, whether purchased, leased, or licensed. Exclude charges or fees for interlibrary loans and expenditures for document delivery. 353 Print Materials Expenditures Report all operating expenditures for the following print materials: books, serial back files, current serial subscriptions, government documents, and any other print acquisitions. 354 Electronic Materials Expenditures Report all operating expenditures for electronic (digital) materials. Types of electronic materials include e-books, e-serials (including journals), government documents, databases (including locally mounted, full text or not), electronic files, reference tools, scores, maps, or pictures in electronic or digital format, including materials digitized by the library. Electronic materials can be distributed on magnetic tape, diskettes, computer software, CD-ROM, or other portable digital carrier, and can be accessed via a computer, via access to the Internet, or by using an e-book reader. Include expenditures for materials held locally and for remote materials for which permanent or temporary access rights have been acquired. Include expenditures for database licenses. [Note: Based on ISO 2789 definition.] 194 Note: Expenditures for computer software used to support library operations or to link to external networks, including the Internet, are reported under Other Operating Expenditures (data element #357). 355 Other Materials Expenditures Report all operating expenditures for other materials, such as microform, audio, video, DVD, and materials in new formats. 356 Total Collection Expenditures This is the sum of Print Materials Expenditures, Electronic Materials Expenditures, and Other Materials Expenditures (data elements #353, #354, and #355). 357 Other Operating Expenditures This includes all expenditures other than those reported for Total Staff Expenditures (data element #352) and Total Collection Expenditures (data element #356). Note: Include expenses such as binding, supplies, repair or replace- ment of existing furnishings and equipment; and costs of computer hardware and software used to support library operations or to link to external networks, including the Internet. Report contracts for services, such as costs of operating and maintaining physical facilities, and fees paid to a consultant, auditor, architect, attorney, etc. 358 Total Operating Expenditures This is the sum of Total Staff Expenditures, Total Collection Expendi- tures, and Other Operating Expenditures (data elements #352, #356, and #357). CAPITAL REVENUE Report all revenue to be used for major capital expenditures, by source of revenue. Include funds received for (a) site acquisition; (b) new buildings; (c) additions to or renovation of library buildings; (d) furnishings, equipment, and initial collections (print, non-print, and electronic) for new buildings, building additions, or building renovations; (e) computer hardware and software used to support library operations, to link to networks, or to run information products; (f) new vehicles; and (g) other one-time major projects. Exclude revenue to be used for replacement and repair of existing furnishings and equipment, regular purchase of library materials, and investments for capital appreciation. Exclude income passed through to another agency (e.g., fines), or funds unspent in the previous fiscal year (e.g., carryover). Funds transferred from one public library to another public library should be reported by only one of the public libraries. Report federal, state, local, and other revenue to be used for major capital expenditures in the following categories: 400 Local Government Capital Revenue Report all governmental funds designated by the community, district, or region and available to the public library for the purpose of major capital expenditures, except for state and/or federal money distributed by the local government. 401 State Government Capital Revenue Report all funds distributed to public libraries by state government for expenditure by the public libraries for the purpose of major capital expenditures, except for federal money distributed by the state. 402 Federal Government Capital Revenue Report federal governmental funds, including federal funds distributed by the state or locality, and grants and aid received by the library for the purpose of major capital expenditures. 195 403 Other Capital Revenue Report private (non-governmental funds), including grants received by the library for the purpose of major capital expenditures. 404 Total Capital Revenue This is the sum of Local Government Capital Revenue, State Government Capital Revenue, Federal Government Capital Revenue, and Other Capital Revenue (data elements #400 through #403). Note: The amounts reported for Total Capital Revenue and Total Capital Expenditures are not expected to be equal. CAPITAL EXPENDITURES 405 Total Capital Expenditures Report major capital expenditures (the acquisition of or additions to fixed assets). Examples include expenditures for (a) site acquisitions; (b) new buildings; (c) additions to or renovation of library buildings; (d) furnishings, equipment, and initial book stock for new buildings, building additions, or building renovations; (e) library automation systems; (f) new vehicles; and (g) other one-time major projects. Include federal, state, local, or other revenue used for major capital expenditures. Only funds that are supported by expenditure documents (e.g., invoices, contracts, payroll records, etc.) at the point of disbursement should be included. Estimated costs are not included. Exclude expenditures for replacement and repair of existing furnishings and equipment, regular purchase of library materials, and investments for capital appreciation. Exclude contributions to endowments, or revenue passed through to another agency (e.g., fines). Funds transferred from one public library to another public library should be reported by only one of the public libraries. LIBRARY COLLECTION This section of the survey collects data on selected types of materials. It does not cover all materials (i.e., microform, scores, maps, and pictures) for which expenditures are reported under Print Materials Expenditures, Electronic Materials Expenditures, and Other Materials Expenditures (data elements #353, #354, and #355). Under this category report only items the library has acquired as part of the collection and catalogued, whether purchased, leased, licensed, or donated as gifts. 450 Print Materials Report a single figure that includes both of the following: 1. Books in print. Books are non-serial printed publications (including music and maps) that are bound in hard or soft cov- ers, or in loose-leaf format. Include non-serial government documents. Report the number of physical units, including duplicates. For smaller libraries, if volume data are not available, count the number of titles. Books packaged together as a unit (e.g., a 2-volume set) and checked out as a unit are counted as one physical unit. 196 2. Serial back files in print. Serials are publications issued in suc- cessive parts, usually at regular intervals that are intended to be continued indefinitely. Serials include periodicals (magazines); newspapers; annuals (reports, yearbooks, etc.); journals, memoirs, proceedings, and transactions of societies; and numbered monographic series. Government documents and reference tools are often issued as serials. Except for the current volume, count unbound serials as a volume when the library has at least half of the issues in a publisher’s volume. Report the number of physical units, including duplicates. For smaller libraries, if volume data are not available, count the number of titles. Serials packaged together as a unit (e.g., a 2- volume serial monograph) and checked out as a unit are counted as one physical unit. 451 Electronic Books (E-Books) E-books are digital documents (including those digitized by the library), licensed or not, where searchable text is prevalent, and which can be seen in analogy to a printed book (monograph). Include non-serial government documents. E-books are loaned to users on portable devices (e-book readers) or by transmitting the contents to the user’s personal computer for a limited time. Include e-books held locally and remote e-books for which permanent or temporary access rights have been acquired. Report the number of physical or electronic units, including duplicates, for all outlets. For smaller libraries, if volume data are not available, the number of titles may be counted. E-books packaged together as a unit (e.g., multiple titles on a single e-book reader) and checked out as a unit are counted as one unit. Note: Under this category report only items the library has selected as part of the collection and made accessible through the library’s Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC). 452 Audio These are materials on which sounds (only) are stored (recorded) and that can be reproduced (played back) mechanically, electronically, or both. Include records, audiocassettes, audio cartridges, audio discs (including audio-CD-ROMs), audio-reels, talking books, and other sound recordings, such as web-based or downloaded audiobooks and MP3 files. Report the number of units, both physical and electronic, including duplicates. Items packaged together as a unit (e.g., two audiocassettes for one recorded book) and checked out as a unit are counted as one physical unit. For electronic units, report only items the library has selected as part of the collection and made accessible through the library’s Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC). 453 Video These are materials on which moving pictures are recorded, with or without sound. Electronic playback reproduces pictures, with or without sound, using a television receiver or monitor. Video formats may include tape, DVD, CD-ROM, web-based or downloaded files, etc. Report the number of units, both physical and electronic, including duplicates. Items packaged together as a unit (e.g., two video cassettes for one movie) and checked out as a unit are counted as one physical unit. For electronic units, report only items the library has selected as part of the collection and made accessible through the library’s Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC). 197 Report the number of physical units, including duplicates. For smaller libraries, if physical unit data are not available, count the number of titles. Items packaged together as a unit (e.g., two video cassettes for one movie) and checked out as a unit are counted as one physical unit. Licensed Databases Report the number of licensed databases (including locally mounted or remote, full-text or not) for which temporary or permanent access rights have been acquired through payment by the library, or by formal agreement with the State Library or a cooperative agreement within the state or region. A database is a collection of electronically stored data or unit records (facts, bibliographic data, abstracts, texts) with a common user interface and software for the retrieval and manipulation of the data. Note: The data or records are usually collected with a particular intent and relate to a defined topic. A database may be issued on CD-ROM, diskette, or other direct access method, or as a computer file accessed via dial-up methods or via the Internet. Subscriptions to individual electronic serial titles are reported under Current Electronic Serial Subscriptions (data element #459). Each database is counted individually even if access to several databases is supported through the same vendor interface Report the number of licensed databases acquired through payment or formal agreement, by source of access: 454* Local 455* State (state government or state library) 456* Other cooperative agreements (or consortia) within state or region 457** Total Licensed Databases This is the sum of Local, State, and Other licensed databases (data elements #454 through #456). Current Serial Subscriptions Current serial subscriptions are arrangements by which, in return for a sum paid in advance, serials are provided for a specified number of issues. Include current serial subscriptions in print, electronic, and digital formats. 458** Current Print Serial Subscriptions Report the number of current print serial subscriptions, including duplicates, for all outlets. Examples of serials are periodicals (magazines), newspapers, annuals, some government documents, some reference tools, and numbered monographic series. 198 459** Current Electronic Serial Subscriptions Report the number of current electronic, electronic and other format, and digital serial subscriptions (e-serials, e- journals), including duplicates, for all outlets. Examples include periodicals (magazines), news-papers, annuals, some government documents, some reference tools, and numbered monographic series distributed in the following ways: (a) via the Internet (e.g., HTML, PDF, JPEG, or compressed file formats such as zipped files), (b) on CD- ROM or other portable digital carrier, (c) on databases (including locally mounted databases), and (d) on diskettes or magnetic tapes. Electronic serial subscriptions include serials held locally or remote resources that the library has authorization to access, including those available through statewide or consortia agreements. Do not include subscriptions to indexing and abstracting databases that include full-text serial content (e.g., EBSCO Host, ProQuest, OCLC FirstSearch). SERVICES 500 Public Service Hours Per Year This is the sum of annual public service hours for outlets. Note: Include the hours open for public service for Centrals (data element #209), Branches (data element #210), Bookmobiles (data element #211), and Books-by- Mail Only. For each bookmobile, count only the hours during which the bookmobile is open to the public. For administrative entities that offer ONLY books-by-mail service, count the hours that the outlet is staffed for service. Minor variations in scheduled public service hours need not be included, however, extensive hours closed to the public due to natural disasters or other events should be excluded even if the staff is scheduled to work. 501 Library Visits This is the total number of persons entering the library for whatever purpose during the year. Note: If an actual count of visits is unavailable, determine an annual estimate by counting visits during a typical week in October and multiplying the count by 52. A “typical week” is a time that is neither unusually busy nor unusually slow. Avoid holiday times, vacation periods for key staff, or days when unusual events are taking place in the community or the library. Choose a week in which the library is open its regular hours. Include seven consecu- tive calendar days, from Sunday through Saturday (or whenever the library is usually open). 199 502 Reference Transactions A reference transaction is an information contact which involves the knowledge, use, recommendations, interpretation, or instruction in the use of one or more information sources by a member of the li- brary staff. It includes information and referral services. Information sources include printed and non-printed materials, machine-readable databases, catalogs and other holdings records, and, through communication or referral, other libraries and institutions and people inside and outside the library. The request may come in person, by phone, by fax, or by mail, electronic mail, or through live or networked electronic reference service from an adult, a young adult, or a child. Do not count directional transactions or questions of rules or policies. Examples of directional transactions are “Where are the children’s books?” and “I’m looking for a book with the call number 811.2G.” An example of a question of rules or policies is “Are you open until 9:00 tonight?” Note: If an annual count of reference transactions is unavailable, determine an annual estimate by counting reference transactions during a typical week in October and multiply the count by 52. A "typical week" is a time that is neither unusually busy nor unusually slow. Avoid holiday times, vacation periods for key staff, or days when unusual events are taking place in the community or in the library. Choose a week in which the library is open its regular hours. Include seven consecutive calendar days, from Sunday through Saturday (or whenever the library is usually open). 503* Number of Registered Borrowers A registered borrower is a library user who has applied for and received an identification number or card from the public library that has established conditions under which the user may borrow library materials and gain access to other library resources. (Output Measures for Public Libraries, 2nd edition). Note: Files should have been purged within the past three (3) years. 550 Total Circulation The total annual circulation of all library materials of all types, including renewals. Note: Count all materials in all formats that are charged out for use outside the library. Interlibrary loan transactions included are only items borrowed for users. Do not include items checked out to another library. 551 Circulation of Children’s Materials The total annual circulation of all children’s materials in all formats to all users, including renewals. INTER-LIBRARY LOANS 552 Provided To These are library materials, or copies of the materials, provided by one autonomous library to another upon request. The libraries involved in interlibrary loans are not under the same library adminis- tration. These data are reported as annual figures. 200 553 Received From These are library materials, or copies of the materials, received by one autonomous library from another upon request. The libraries involved in interlibrary loans are not under the same library administration. These data are reported as annual figures. LIBRARY PROGRAMS 600 Total Number of Library Programs A program is any planned event which introduces the group attending to any of the broad range of library services or activities or which directly provides information to participants. Programs may cover use of the library, library services, or library tours. Programs may also provide cultural, recreational, or educational information, often designed to meet a specific social need. Examples of these types of programs include film showings, lectures, story hours, literacy, English as a second language, citizenship classes, and book discussions. Count all programs, whether held on- or off-site, that are sponsored or co-sponsored by the library. Exclude programs sponsored by other groups that use library facilities. If programs are offered as a series, count each program in the series. For example, a film series offered once a week for eight weeks should be counted as eight programs. Note: Exclude library activities delivered on a one-to-one basis, rather than to a group, such as one-to-one literacy tutoring, services to homebound, resume writing assistance, homework assistance, and mentoring activities. 601 Number of Children’s Programs A children’s program is any planned event for which the primary audience is children and which introduces the group of children attending to any of the broad range of library services or activities for children or which directly provides information to participants. Children’s programs may cover use of the library, library services, or library tours. Children’s programs may also provide cultural, recreational, or educational information, often designed to meet a specific social need. Examples of these types of programs include story hours and summer reading events. Count all children’s programs, whether held on- or off-site, that are sponsored or co-sponsored by the library. Do not include children’s programs sponsored by other groups that use library facilities. If children’s programs are offered as a series, count each program in the series. For example, a story hour offered once a week, 48 weeks a year, should be counted as 48 programs. Exclude library activities for children delivered on a one-to-one basis, rather than to a group, such as one-to-one literacy tutoring, services to homebound, homework assistance, and mentoring activities. This figure is a subset of the Total Number of Library Programs (data element #600). 201 Note: Output Measures for Public Library Services to Children: A Manual of Standardized Procedures (ALA, 1992) defines children as persons age 14 and under. 602 Total Attendance at Library Programs This is a total count of the audience at all library programs during the reporting period. (See Total Number of Library Programs, data element #600, for the definition of a library program.) 603 Children’s Program Attendance The count of the audience at all programs for which the primary audience is children 14 years and under. Include adults who attend programs intended primarily for children. Note: Do not count attendance at library activities for children that are delivered on a one-to-one basis, rather than to a group, such as one-to-one literacy tutoring, services to homebound, homework assistance, and mentoring activities. (See Number of Children’s Programs, data element #601, for the definition of a children’s library program.) OTHER ELECTRONIC INFORMATION 650*** Number of Internet Computers Used by General Public Report the number of the library’s Internet computers [personal computers (PCs) and laptops], whether purchased, leased, or donated, used by the general public in the library. 651*** Number of Users of Public Internet Computers Per Year Report the total number of individuals that have used Internet computers in the library during the last year. If the computer is used for multiple purposes (Internet access, word-processing, OPAC, etc.) and Internet users cannot be isolated, report all usage. A typical week or other reliable estimate may be used to determine the annual number. Sign-up forms or Web-log tracking software also may provide a reliable count of users. Note: The number of users may be counted manually, using registration logs. Count each user that uses public internet computers, regardless of the amount of time spent on the computer. A user who uses the library’s public internet computer(s) three times a year would count as three customers. Software such as “Historian” can also be used to track the number of users at each public internet computer. If the data element is collected as a weekly figure, multiply that figure by 52 to annualize it. * New data element ** Renumbered data elements *** Revised data element name or definition 202 Outlet Data Element Definitions # Data Element Name Data Element Definition 700 FSCS ID and SEQ (Automatic Display) This is the identification code assigned by WebPLUS. Outlets are assigned the same FSCS ID as the administrative entity to which they belong, with a unique three-digit suffix added to distinguish each outlet. 701 LIB ID (Optional) This is the state-assigned identification code for the outlet. 702 Name This is the legal name of the outlet. Note: Provide the legal name of the outlet. Do not use acronyms. Do not abbreviate the name unless it exceeds the WebPLUS field length of 60 characters. Avoid abbreviations at the beginning of the name and do not punctuate abbreviations. (See Standard Abbreviations for WebPLUS in Appendix I.) 703 Street Address This is the complete street address of the outlet. Note: Do not report a post office box or general delivery. For a bookmobile that operates from an administrative entity, branch, or central library, report the address of the administrative entity, branch or central library from which it operates. For a bookmobile that is itself the administrative entity, report the address where the bookmobile is parked at night. 704 City This is the city or town in which the outlet is located. 705 ZIP Code This is the standard five-digit postal ZIP code for the street address of the outlet. 706 ZIP+4 This is the four-digit postal ZIP code extension for the street ad- dress of the outlet. 707 County of the Outlet This is the county in which the outlet is located. 708 Phone This is the telephone number of the outlet, including area code. Note: Report telephone number without spacing or punctuation. If the outlet has no phone, enter “–3” (for Not Applicable). 203 709 Outlet Type Code An outlet is a unit of an administrative entity that provides direct public library service. Select one of the following: BM—Books-by-Mail Only. A direct mail order service which provides books and other library materials. Books-by-mail typically serves rural residents, the disabled, the homebound, and others without access to another type of public library outlet. Requests for materials are usually received by mail and by telephone only. Only books-by-mail services that are housed separately from any other type of direct public service outlet (that is, central library, branches, or bookmobiles) should be coded here. BR—Branch Library. A branch library is an auxiliary unit of an admin- istrative entity which has at least all of the following: 1. Separate quarters; 2. An organized collection of library materials; 3. Paid staff; and 4. Regularly scheduled hours for being open to the public. BS—Bookmobile(s). A bookmobile is a traveling branch library. It consists of at least all of the following: 1. A truck or van that carries an organized collection of library materials; 2. A paid staff; and 3. Regularly scheduled hours (bookmobile stops) for being open to the public. Note: A separate outlet record may be created for each bookmobile. You may wish to create separate outlet records for individual bookmobiles if (1) they have different addresses and/or (2) they have different Metropolitan Status Codes (see outlet data element #710). Alternatively, a bookmobile outlet record may include more than one bookmobile. CE—Central Library. This is one type of single outlet library (SO) or the library which is the operational center of a multiple-outlet library (MO or MA). Usually all processing is centralized here and the princi- pal collections are housed here. Synonymous with main library. 204 Note: Each administrative entity may report either no central library or one central library. No administrative entity may report more than one central library. If you wish to identify a central library in the outlet file, identify the library with the largest collection as the central library, and report all others as branches. Where there are several co-equal outlets and no principal collection, report all such outlets as branches, not central libraries. 710 Metropolitan Status Code Select one of the following. Bookmobiles should report the code which best describes their primary service area. Note: Contact the State Data Center for specific information about Metropolitan Areas in your state. CC—Central City. The largest central city and, in some cases, up to two additional central cities are included in the title of the Metro- politan Area; there also are central cities that are not included in a Metropolitan Area title. A Metropolitan Area central city does not include any part of that city that extends outside the Metropolitan Area boundary. NC—Metropolitan Area, but Not Within Central City Limits. A large population nucleus, together with adjacent communities that have a high degree of economic and social integration with that nucleus. Some Metropolitan Areas are defined around two or more nuclei. Each Metropolitan Area must contain a place with a minimum pop- ulation of 50,000 or a Census Bureau-defined urbanized area and a total Metropolitan Area population of at least 100,000 (75,000 in New England). A Metropolitan Area comprises one or more central counties. (Independent cities are considered county equivalents.) A Metropolitan Area may also include one or more outlying counties that have close economic and social relationships with the central county. An outlying county must have a specified level of commut- ing to the central counties and also must meet certain standards re- garding metropolitan character, such as population density, urban population, and population growth. In New England, Metropolitan Areas are composed of cities and towns rather than whole counties. NO—Not in a Metropolitan Area. 711 Square Footage of Outlet Provide the area, in square feet, of the public library outlet (central library or branch). Report the total area in square feet for each library outlet (central library or branch) separately. This is the area on all floors enclosed by the outer walls of the library outlet. Include all areas occupied by the library outlet, including those areas off- limits to the public. Include any areas shared with another agency or agencies if the outlet has use of that area. 205 712 Number of Bookmobiles in the Bookmobile Outlet Record The number of bookmobiles in the bookmobile outlet record. Note: A bookmobile outlet record may include one or more bookmo- biles. Complete this data element only if the outlet record is of the type BS—Bookmobile(s) (see outlet data element #709). A book- mobile is a traveling branch library. It consists of at least all of the following: 1. A truck or van that carries an organized collection of library materials; 2. A paid staff; and 3. Regularly scheduled hours (bookmobile stops) for being open to the public. Count vehicles in use, not the number of stops the vehicle makes. 206 (Page is intentionally blank.)